英文论文常用固定搭配
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补充:英语写作常用句型:句子写的好坏,是文章写作成败的关键。
以下一些惯用句型,实用性较强。
一。
开头句型:1.As far as…is concerned,…就……而论When it comes to sth/doing sth. 当谈论到……1)As far as the role of information in the future is concerned, I believe that information willplay a more and more important part in people’s decision-making.2)As far as what was mentioned above is concerned, how can we ignore the advantagestravelling brings forth?就前面所提及的而言,我们怎么可以忽视旅游带来的裨益呢?2.It goes without saying that…不用说1)It goes without saying that practice makes perfect.2)It goes without saying that reading makes a full man.3. It can be said with certainty that…可以肯定的说1)It can …… that cultivating a hobby can add fun to our life.2)It can ….… that because of the knowledge, we can now enjoy a comfortable life which isbrought about by advanced technology.可以肯定地说,正由于知识我们才能享受科技进步所带来的舒适生活。
英语作文固定搭配短语大全1. in order to - 为了2. on the other hand - 另一方面3. as a result - 因此4. in addition - 此外5. as a matter of fact - 事实上6. in conclusion - 总之7. for example - 例如8. in the long run - 从长远来看9. at the same time - 同时10. in contrast - 相比之下1. In order to achieve success, one must work hard and stay determined.为了取得成功,一个人必须努力工作并保持决心。
2. On the other hand, some people believe that success comes from luck rather than hard work.另一方面,有些人认为成功来自运气而不是努力工作。
3. As a result of his efforts, he was able to accomplish his goals.由于他的努力,他成功实现了他的目标。
4. In addition to studying hard, it is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle.除了努力学习外,保持健康的生活方式也很重要。
5. As a matter of fact, studies have shown that regular exercise can improve overall well-being.事实上,研究表明,定期锻炼可以提高整体健康状况。
6. In conclusion, it is essential to balance work and leisure for a fulfilling life.总之,平衡工作和休闲对于过上充实的生活是至关重要的。
写作中的常用固定搭配写作中的固定搭配(idiomatic expressions)是指由两个或更多单词组成的短语,其含义不可由各个单词的字面意思推断出来。
这些固定搭配在英语写作中起到了重要的作用,使文章更具说服力、流畅和地道。
本文将介绍一些常用的固定搭配,帮助写作者在表达自己的观点时更加准确、生动。
一、表达观点1. In my opinion - 在我看来In my opinion, traveling broadens our horizons and helps us understand different cultures.2. It is believed that - 据信It is believed that regular exercise can improve our overall health.3. From my perspective - 从我的角度来看From my perspective, technology has greatly improved our lives.二、表示原因1. Due to - 由于The delay in the project is due to the lack of funding.2. As a result of - 由于As a result of the heavy rain, the event was canceled.3. Owing to - 由于Owing to his hard work, he was promoted to a higher position.三、表示结果1. As a result - 结果He didn't study for the exam, and as a result, he failed.2. Consequently - 因此,结果She missed her flight and consequently had to reschedule her trip.3. Therefore - 因此,所以He didn't have any previous experience, therefore he was not qualified for the job.四、表达喜欢与厌恶1. I am fond of - 我喜欢I am fond of reading books in my spare time.2. I am keen on - 我热衷于I am keen on playing basketball with my friends.3. I can't stand - 我无法忍受I can't stand the noise coming from the construction site.五、表达建议1. I would suggest - 我建议I would suggest taking a break and relaxing for a while.2. It would be wise to - 最好It would be wise to save some money for emergencies.3. I recommend - 我推荐I recommend watching this movie, as it has received great reviews.六、表示转折1. However - 然而I studied hard for the exam; however, I still didn't pass.2. On the other hand - 另一方面He is very talented. On the other hand, he lacks discipline.3. Despite - 尽管Despite the heavy rain, they continued with the outdoor event.七、总结观点1. In conclusion - 总之In conclusion, it is important to take care of our environment.2. To sum up - 总结起来To sum up, regular exercise and a balanced diet are important for a healthy lifestyle.3. All in all - 总的来说All in all, we should support renewable energy sources for a greener future.上述固定搭配在英语写作中经常被使用,掌握并灵活运用它们可以提高文章的表达能力和流畅度。
英语作文中一些固定搭配短语The English language is rich and diverse with a vast vocabulary and an abundance of expressions that can be combined in various ways to convey meaning. One aspect of the English language that is particularly interesting is the use of fixed collocations or set phrases. These are combinations of words that commonly occur together and have a specific meaning that may not be evident from the individual words themselves. Mastering the use of these fixed collocations is an important part of developing proficiency in English writing.One common type of fixed collocation is the verb-noun combination. These are phrases where a particular verb is typically used with a specific noun. For example, the verb "make" is often used with nouns like "a decision," "a mistake," "progress," or "a difference." The verb "take" is frequently paired with nouns such as "a break," "a risk," "a look," or "a chance." Using the appropriate verb-noun collocation can make writing sound more natural and idiomatic.Another type of fixed collocation is the adjective-noun combination. In these cases, certain adjectives are commonly used to describeparticular nouns. For instance, we might say "a sound argument," "a blatant lie," "a crushing defeat," or "a soaring ambition." The choice of adjective in these phrases is not arbitrary but reflects common usage and conventions of the language.Prepositional phrases also often take the form of fixed collocations. Prepositions like "in," "on," "at," "for," and "with" are frequently used in combination with particular nouns to convey specific meanings. Examples include "in progress," "on display," "at risk," "for sale," and "with caution." These prepositional phrases add nuance and precision to the language.Idiomatic expressions, which are figurative phrases that cannot be understood literally, are another important category of fixed collocations. These expressions, such as "let the cat out of the bag," "hit the sack," "cut corners," or "be on cloud nine," add color and expressiveness to writing. Using idiomatic language can make one's writing more vibrant and engaging.Collocations can also take the form of adverb-adjective combinations, such as "deeply concerned," "completely unaware," "strictly confidential," or "painfully obvious." The choice of adverb in these cases serves to intensify or modify the meaning of the adjective in a specific way.In addition to these common types of fixed collocations, there are also more complex phrases that involve multiple words working together. Phrasal verbs, which combine a verb with a preposition or adverb to create a new meaning, are one example. Some common phrasal verbs include "look up," "carry on," "put off," and "get away with." These versatile expressions add richness and flexibility to the language.Knowing and using fixed collocations is important for several reasons. First, it helps to make one's writing more natural and idiomatic. Collocations are the way that native speakers of a language actually use words in everyday speech and writing. Employing these fixed phrases can make the writing sound more fluent and authentic.Second, using collocations can improve the precision and clarity of one's writing. The specific combinations of words in a collocation convey a particular meaning that may be difficult to express using individual words alone. For example, saying that someone "made a decision" is more precise than simply saying they "decided."Third, collocations add variety and expressiveness to writing. Using a range of fixed phrases, rather than relying on the same basic vocabulary, can make the writing more vibrant and engaging for the reader. Idiomatic expressions, in particular, can inject personality and flair into the language.Finally, familiarity with common collocations is an important aspect of language proficiency. Mastering these fixed phrases is a key component of developing true fluency in a language. The more collocations a writer has at their disposal, the more naturally and effectively they can communicate their ideas.Of course, using collocations effectively in writing requires practice and an understanding of the appropriate context. Not all collocations are interchangeable, and writers need to be aware of the nuances of meaning and connotation associated with different fixed phrases. Overusing certain collocations can also make the writing sound repetitive or clichéd.In conclusion, fixed collocations are an essential part of the English language and a crucial element of effective writing. By mastering the use of common verb-noun combinations, adjective-noun pairings, prepositional phrases, idiomatic expressions, and other fixed collocations, writers can improve the clarity, precision, and expressiveness of their work. Developing a strong command of these linguistic building blocks is a key step in becoming a more proficient and accomplished writer.。
英语作文固定搭配Title: Mastering English固定搭配,构建精准语言桥梁。
In the realm of language, mastering English固定搭配 is like equipping yourself with a set of essential tools. These concise combinations not only enhance your writing fluency but also ensure clarity and precision in communication. This article delves into the importance of understanding and using these idiomatic expressions effectively.1. Expressing Time and Dates。
"It's 3:00 pm" (three o'clock in the afternoon)。
"Last Friday" (the Friday preceding the current one)。
2. Describing Actions and States。
"I always arrive early" (I'm punctual)。
"She's always in a good mood" (she's cheerful)。
3. Comparisons and Contrasts。
"As busy as a bee" (extremely busy)。
"As cold as ice" (unemotional or unfriendly)。
英语作文可以用到的固定搭配{z}English Essay: Common CollocationsWhen writing an English essay, it is important to use a variety of vocabulary to express your ideas clearly and effectively.One way to do this is by using collocations, which are words that are often used together in English.Some common collocations that you can use in your essay are:1.Affect vs.Effect: "The policy has a significant impact on the economy."2.Set in motion: "The new law set in motion a series of events."3.In light of: "In light of the recent events, the government has decided to implement stricter regulations."4.At the expense of: "The company"s success came at the expense of its employees."5.As a result of: "As a result of the heavy rain, the match was canceled."6.Prior to: "Prior to the election, there were many political campaigns."7.In addition to: "In addition to studying, she also works part-time."8.Despite the fact that: "Despite the fact that it was raining, they decided to go ahead with the outdoor event."9.In order to: "In order to improve his skills, he decided to take a cooking class."10.By the time: "By the time he graduated from college, he had traveled to over 20 countries."These collocations can help you express your ideas more naturally and make your essay more coherent.Remember to use them appropriately and in context to ensure that your writing is clear and effective.。
英语写作常用句型与固定搭配英语写作常用句型与固定搭配英语作文想要得高分,一定要有技巧!以下是店铺为大家整理的英语写作中常用的句型以及固定搭配,大家可以参考参考。
第一部分:英语中常用的句型一、A、B型作文段落常用句型和表达方式1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in….4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….二、原因分析性段落常用的句型和表达方式1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.5. The reasons are as follows.三、因果推理性段落常用句型和表达方式1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learneda lot.4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.四、举例型段落常用句型和表达方式1. Here is one more example.2. Take … for example.3. T he same is true of….4. This offers a typical instance of….5. We may quote a common example of….6. Just think of….五、对全文进行归纳总结的句型1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….2. Taking into account all the factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that….3. Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that….4. All the evidence supports a sound conclusion that…5. From what is mentioned above, we may come to the conclusion that…6. To sum up/draw a conclusion, we find that….7. In short/brief/a word/conclusion/sum/, it is….8. Therefore/Thus/Then, it can be inferred/concluded/deduced that….9. From/Through/According to what has been discussed above, we can come to/reach/arrive at/draw the conclusion that….10. It is believed that….第二部分:英语中常用的固定搭配一、日常固定搭配1. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,2. 有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons3. 双方的论点argument on both sides4. 发挥日益重要作用play an increasingly important role in…5. 对…必不可少be indispensable to …6. 我同意前者(后者)观点I give my vote to the former / latter opinion.7. 引起了广泛的公众关注Sth. has aroused wide public concern. / Sth has drawn great public attention.8. 不可否认It is undeniable that…9. 热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion / debate10. 有争议性的问题a controversial issue11. 随着经济的.繁荣with the booming of the economy12. 随着人民生活水平的显著提高with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard13. 先进的科学技术advanced science and technology14. 为我们日常生活增添了情趣add much spice / flavor to our daily life15. 人们普遍认为It is commonly believed that…二、常用固定搭配1、with the help of 在……帮助下under the leadership / care of 在……领导/关心下2、be strict with sb 对……人要求严格be strict in sth、对……事要求严格3、at present=at the present time 目前。
英语作文固定搭配短语大全Unfortunately, it's not possible to provide an exhaustive list of English fixed phrases and collocationsin a single response, as the language is vast and diverse. However, I can provide you with a selection of common and useful fixed phrases that you can use in your English writing. These phrases are often used in academic, formal, and informal contexts, and they can help to enhance the fluency and naturalness of your writing.Here is a list of some common fixed phrases in English:1. In order to: Used to express purpose or intention. Example: "In order to improve my English, I study every day."2. Due to: Used to express a reason or cause. Example: "Due to the rain, we had to cancel the outdoor event."3. In spite of: Used to express contrast or oppositiondespite something. Example: "In spite of the difficulties, she managed to complete the project on time."4. As a result: Used to express a consequence or outcome. Example: "As a result of her hard work, she achieved excellent results in her exams."5. In addition: Used to introduce additionalinformation or details. Example: "In addition to her academic qualifications, she has extensive experience inthe field."6. In conclusion: Used to summarize or draw aconclusion at the end of an argument or discussion. Example: "In conclusion, it is important to remember that educationis a lifelong process."7. On the other hand: Used to introduce a contrasting view or argument. Example: "On the other hand, some people argue that technology has had negative effects on society."8. In other words: Used to rephrase or explainsomething in a different way. Example: "In other words, the study found that exercise can improve mental health."9. At the same time: Used to express something happening concurrently with something else. Example: "At the same time as studying, she also volunteers at a local charity."10. In the meantime: Used to refer to the period of time while waiting for something to happen. Example: "In the meantime, we can continue with our other tasks."11. In general: Used to make a general statement or observation. Example: "In general, people tend to be more productive when they are happy and motivated."12. On the contrary: Used to express the opposite of what was previously stated. Example: "On the contrary, recent research suggests that exercise can actually improve sleep quality."13. At first sight: Used to describe an initialimpression or appearance. Example: "At first sight, the new building appears impressive and modern."14. By and large: Used to express a general trend or opinion, with some exceptions. Example: "By and large, most people agree that climate change is a serious issue."15. In the long run: Used to refer to the ultimate consequences or effects of something, especially over a period of time. Example: "In the long run, investing in education is always a worthwhile investment."16. On the whole: Used to make a general assessment or conclusion, considering the whole situation. Example: "On the whole, the conference was a success, with many valuable insights and discussions."17. At least: Used to indicate a minimum amount or degree of something. Example: "I can't stay for the whole party, but I'll try to make it for at least an hour."18. In the meantime: Used to refer to the period oftime while waiting for something to happen. Example: "Inthe meantime, we can continue with our other tasks."19. In the end: Used to refer to the final result or outcome of a situation or event. Example: "In the end, all the hard work paid off and we achieved our goal."20. In brief: Used to introduce a concise summary or overview of something. Example: "In brief, the report highlights the key findings and recommendations of the study."These are just a few examples of common fixed phrasesin English. There are many more, and it's important to note that the use of these phrases can vary depending on context, register, and personal preference. It's always a good ideato consult a dictionary or grammar guide for moreinformation on specific phrases and their usage.Remember, practice is key to improving your use offixed phrases in English. Try to incorporate them into yourdaily writing and speaking, and soon you'll find yourself using them naturally and confidently.。
附录一写作常用固定搭配表一、动词固定搭配1.break down损坏;瓦解;(组织、计划等彻底毁坏)2.break into闯入;强行进入3.break off中止;中断4.break out逃出;突然发生,爆发5.bring about导致;引起6.bring forward提出;提议7.bring to使恢复知觉8.bring up教育,培养,使成长9.call at访问,拜访10: call for邀请;要求,需要11. call off放弃,取消12. call on /upon访问,拜访;号召,呼吁13. carry on继续下去,坚持下去;从事,经营14. carry out贯彻(理论等),执行(计划等);实现(目标等)15. come across(偶然)发现;(偶然)碰见;偶遇16. come on开始;进展;上演;来吧,快点17. come out出版;结果是(to be);出现,长出18. come through经历,脱险19. come to总计,达到;苏醒,复原20. come up发生;走近,上来21. cut across抄近路,走捷径22. cut down (on)削减,降低23. cut off阻断;切断,使隔绝24. drop by /in顺便来访(无意的)25. fall back on求助于,转而依靠26. fall behind落后27. fall in with碰见;符合,与……一致28. get across解释清楚,使人了解29. get along /with有进展;生活得,过得30. get at够得着,触及;意思是,理解31. get away离开,走开,逃脱32. get by混过;通过,经过33. get down to开始,着手(此处to为介词)使失望34. get in进入;收回,收获35. get out of逃避;改掉36. get rid of除去,摆脱37. get through接通电话;度过(时间等);结束,完成38.get together集合,聚集39.give away泄露,分送40.give back送还;恢复41.give in交上;投降,屈服42.give up停止;放弃43. give way to给……让路;对……让步(含屈服的意思)44. go after追求,求爱45. go around /round足够分配;流传46. go by(时间等)过去;遵守,遵循47. go in for从事;追求;致力于,沉迷于48. go into研究;调查;进入49. go over复习,重温;(重复)检查,审查50. go through经历,经受(困难等)51. hand in交上,递交52. hand out散发,(平均)分发,发给53. hold back阻止,抑制54. hold on继续,不挂断,握住不放55. keep on保持,继续不断56. keep up with向……看齐,跟上57. lay aside把……搁置在一边;储蓄58. lay off休息;(临时)解雇59. lay out布置,安排;设计,制定60. let alone不干涉;更不用说61. let down放下,降低62. live on(动物)以……为食;(人)靠……生活63. look after照顾,照料;注意,关心64. look back回头看;回顾,记忆65. look down on /upon看不起,轻视66. look forward to盼望,期待67. look into调查,观察68. look out留神,注意69. 100k through仔细查看;浏览,温习70. make out辨认出;理解71. make up组成,构成;捏造,编造;化妆;补充72. pay back偿还,回报73. pay off还清(债);取得成功74. pick out选出;拣出75. pick up拾起;(车)中途搭(人)76. pull in(车)停下,进站;(船)到岸77. pull off脱(帽、衣等)78. pull on穿(帽、衣等)79. put across /over解释清楚,说明80. put aside储存,保留81. put down记下,放下;镇压,评定82. put forward提出83. put off推迟84. put on上演;(体重)增加;穿上,戴上85. put out熄灭;关(灯)86. put up建造,搭起;张贴;提(价);提供食宿87. run down追捕;贬低;(逐渐)减少;(逐渐)变弱;撞倒,撞沉88. run out (of)用完,耗尽89. run through游览;贯穿,普遍存在于90. see off给……送行91. see to注意,负责,照料;修理92. set about开始,着手耗尽93. set down记下,记入;放下,卸下94. set off动身,出发;引起,使发生95. set up创立,建立,树立;资助96. show off卖弄,炫耀97. stand by支持;袖手旁观;做好准备98. stand for代表,意味着;支持;是……的缩写99. take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父、母)相像100. take... for把……认为是,把……看成为101. take off起飞;脱下;匆匆离开102. take over接收,接管;借用,承袭103. take to对……产生好感;开始喜欢;开始从事104.take up开始从事;占去,占据105. turn down拒绝;关小,调低106. turn out结果是,(最后)证明是;制造,生产;关掉107. turn over仔细考虑108. turn to变成;求助于,借助于109. turn up开大,调大;出现,来到110. wait for等候111. wait on服侍,侍候112. watch out (for)密切注意,提防113. wear out穿破;磨损114. wonder at对……感到惊讶115. work at从事于,致力于116. work out算出;想出,制定出,解决117.worry about(使)担心,(使)发愁118. write down写下,把……描写成119. write off注销,勾销,取消120. yield to屈服,服从二、常用介词固定搭配1.above all最重要的是,尤其是2.after all毕竟,终究3.ahead of在……之前4.ahead of time提前5.all at once突然;同时,一起6.all but除了……都;几乎,差不多7.all of a sudden忽然,突然,出乎意料地8.all over到处,遍及9.all over again再一次,重新10. all the same仍然,照样地11. all the time -直,始终12. and so on /fort诸如此类,等13. anything but根本不,除……以外任何事情14. apart from除……以外(别无,尚有)15. as a matter of fact事实上,其实16. asa result因此,作为结果17. as a result of作为……的结果,由于18. as amle通常,多半,照例19. as for /to至于,关于20. as usual像往常一样,照例21. aside from除了……以外(尚有)22. at a loss不知所措,困惑;亏本地23. at all costs不惜任何代价,无论如何24. at all events无论如何,不管怎样25. at any rate无论如何;至少26. at best充其量,至多27. at first起先,最初28. at first sigbt乍一看,初看起来29. at hand近在手边,在附近30. at heart在内心里,本质上31. at intervals不时;每隔……时间/距离32. at large自由行动的;详尽的;一般的33. at last终于34. at least至少,无论如何35. at length最后,终于;详细地36.at most至多,不超过37. at no time从不,决不38.at once立刻,马上;同时,一起39. at one time同时;曾经;一度40. at present现在,目前41. at sb. sb's disposal由某人支配,供……使用42. at the cost of以……为代价43. at the same time同时;然而,不过44. at this rate照此速度,照这样下去45. at times有时,不时,间或46. back and forth来回地,反复地47. because of因为,由于48. before long不久(以后)49. beside the point离题,不中肯,不相干的50. beyond question毫无疑问,确定不疑51. by accident偶然52. by air通过航空途径53. by all means尽一切办法;一定,务必54. by chance偶然;意外地,碰巧55. by means of用,依靠56. by mistake错误地,无意中(做了某件错事)57. by no means决不,并没有58. by reason of由于,因为59. by the way顺便地;附带说说60. by/in virtue of依靠……(的力量);由于61. by way of通过……方法/形式;经过,经由62. for ever永远;永久地63. for good永久地;决定性地64. for instance例如,比如65. for the better好转,向好的方向发展66. for the moment /present暂时;目前67. for the sake of为了,为了……的利益68. for the time being暂时;眼下69. from time to time有时;不时70. from now on今后,从今以后71. in a hurry匆忙;很快地;急于72. in a moment立即,马上73. in a sense从某种意义上说74. in a/one way从某一点上看,在某种程度上75. in a /one word筒言之,总之,一句话76. in accordance with与……一致;按照,依据77. in addition另外,加之78. in addition to除……之外(还)79. in advance预先,事先80. in aU总共,合计81. in any case无论如何,总之82. in brief简言之;以简洁的形式83. in case of假使……,如果发生……,防备84. in charge of主管,负责85. in common共用的,共有的86. in consequence of结果,因此87. in debt欠债,欠情88. in detail详细地89. in difficulty处境困难90. in effect实际上;事实上91. in favor of赞同……,支持……92. in future今后,从今以后93. in general -般来说,大体上94. in hand(工作等)正在进行中;待办理95. in honor of向……表示敬意;为纪念96. in itself本质上,就其本身而言97. in line with跟……一致,符合98. in memory of以纪念……,为了纪念……99. in no case决不,无论如何不100. in on way 一点也不;决不101. in order to为了……,以……为目的102. in other words也就是说,换句话说103. in part在某种程度上;部分地104. in particular特别地;尤其105. in place在合适的位置;适当的,相称的106. in place of代替,取代,交换107. in practi在实践中;在不断练习中108. in proportion to与……成比例;与……相称109. in quantity(=in large quantities)大量110. in question正被谈论的111. in relation to关于,涉及,有关;与……相比112. in return作为报答;作为回报113. in return for作为……的交换;作为……的报答114. in shot总之,简言之115. in sight of被见到,看得见;在望,在即116. in spite of不管,不顾117. in step步调一致地;合拍118. in step with与……合步调,与……步调一致119. in tears流着泪;含着泪;哭着120. in the course of在……期间,在……过程中121. in the distance在远处122. in the end最后,终于123. in the event of如果……发生,万一124. in the face of面对;即使125. in the first place首先,第一点126. in the future将来127. in the least -点儿,丝毫128. in the light of鉴于,由于;按照,根据129. in the way挡道的,妨碍人的,使人不便的130. in the world到底,究竟131. in time及时,最后,终于132. in touch联系,接触;有……的附近133. in touch with与……有联系,有……的消息134. in tum依次,轮流;反过来135. in vain徒劳,白辛苦;不尊敬地136. instead of代替,而不是……137. more or less或多或少,左右,有点儿138. no doubt无疑地139. no longer不再140. no more不再;不再存在;也不141. now and then时而,不时,偶尔142. of course当然,自然143. on and off有时;断断续续地;间歇地144. off duty下班145. on a large scale大规模的146. on a small scale小规模的147. on account of因为;由于148. on the average平均而言,通常149. on behalf of代表……为了…150. on board在船(或车、飞机)上151. on business因事,因公152. on condition tbat如果……,在……条件下153. on duty值班,当班154. on earth究竟;到底;在世界上155. on fire起火,着火156. on foot步行;在进行中157. on guard站岗,值班158. on hand现有,在手头;在场,到场159. on occasions间或,有时160. on one's guard警惕,提防161. on one's own独自地;独立地162. on purpose有意,故意地163. on sale出售;上市;廉价出售164. on schedule按时间表;准时165. on second thoughts进一步考虑后,继而一想166. on the contrary正相反167. on the grounds of以……为理由,根据168. on the one hand 一方面169. on the other hand另一方面170. on /upon the point of即将……之时,正要……的时候171. on the road在旅途中,(to)在……过程172. on the side作为兼职;另外173. on /upon the spot立场,立即;在现场174. on the whole总的看来,大体上175. once for all -劳永逸地,永远地176. once in a while偶尔,间或177. once more /again再一次178. once upon a time(常用于故事开头)从前179. out of breath上气不接下气180. out of control失去控制181. out of date过时的;废弃的182. out of order不整齐;(工作)不正常的,出故障的183. out of place不在合适的位置184. out of practice荒疏;久不练习185. out of sight看不见,在视程之外186. out of the question办不到的,不可能的;不必谈的187. out of touch (with)与……失去联系,没有……的消息188. over and over( again)反复,再三189. so as to为的是,结果使……,以致190. so... as to如此……以致191. so far迄今为止;就此说来192. so /as far as...be concern 就……而言193. sooner or later迟早,早晚194. thanks to幸亏;由于三、常用名词固定搭配1.absence from缺席,离开2.have access to可以接近;可以利用3.make the acquainLance of sb.结识某人4. have a nodding acquaintance with 与……有点头之交5.take action采取行动6.admission to准许7.take advantage of利用,趁……之机8.make an agreement with与……达成协议9. make/offer an apology to sb.向某人道歉10. make an appeal to sb.向某人发出呼吁11. application for申请12. make an appointment with sb.与某人约会13. aplyoach to通往……的方法;接近14. cometo sb's assistance帮助某人15. make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事16. pay attention to注意17. have an authority over对……有(行使)权利18. keep one’s balance保持(身体)平衡19. set up a barrier between在…中间设置障碍20. belief in相信21. do /try one's best努力,尽力22. make the best of充分利用23. catch one's breath喘气24. take care of爱护,照料25. give a challenge挑战26. rise to the challenge接受挑战+27. take a chance冒险;投机28. take charge of管理,接管29. lay a claim要求;主张,自以为30. set up a claim to sth.提出对某事物的要求31. combination with与……结合32. seek comfort in在……中寻找安慰33. take comfort in在……中得到安慰34. get command of控制35. take command of开始担任……的指挥36. communication with与……通信;与……交流37. keep company with和……结交;和……亲热38. keep sb. company陪伴某人,陪某人同走39. make a comparison between 把……进行比较40. competition with /against与某人竞争41. keep competition between在……之间进行竞争42. complaint about /of对……抱怨43. make a complaint against控告44. come to a conclusion得出结论45. have confidence in sb.信任某人46. leave sth. out of consideration对某事不加考虑47. take into consideration考虑到48. be in contact with与……接触49. be out of contact with与……失去联系50. have contact with和……接触51. lose contact with与……失去联系52. present a striking contrast between使两者形成鲜明的对照53. have control over /of对…控制54. lose control of失去对……控制55. have /hold a conversation with与……谈话56. commit a crime犯罪57. arouse sb. sb's curiosity about sth.激起某人对某事物的好奇心58. lay a curse upon sb.诅咒某人59. do damage to损害……60. come to a decision决定下来61. arrive at a decision决定下来62. make a decision作决定63. take a delight in以……为乐64. take delivery of提取65. take one's departure动身,出发66. give a description of描写67. drive sb. to despair使某人陷入绝望68. have the determination to do决心干……69. make a difference between区别对待70. make a difference to使……产生变化71. have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难72. draw a clear distinction between分清73. come into effect生效,实施74. put into effect实行,使生效,使起作用75. take effect生效,起作用76. put emphasis on /upon着重于,把重点放在77. make one's entrance进入78. make an error犯错误79. give evidence of有……迹象80. set a good example to sb.为某人树立榜样81. make no exceptions不容许有例外82. catch sb's eye引人注目83. keep an eye on留意,照看84. have faith in对……信任85. lose faith in失去对……信任86. keep faith忠于信仰87.farewell to对……永别了;不会再……88.make one's farewell道别,告辞89. come into fashion开始风行90. foUow the fashion赶时髦91. make fashion做样子92. set the fashion创立新式样93. find fault(with)抱怨,找岔子94. catch fire着火95. set fire to使燃烧,点燃96. come into afortune继承一笔财产97. make a fortune发财98. try one’s fortune碰运气99. make friends (with)交朋友100. make fun of取笑,嘲笑101. give /take a glance at对……粗略地看一下102. catch /get a glimpse of瞥见103. come to a halt停止104. do sb. harm损害某人105. keep one's head保持镇定106. lose one's head仓皇失措,慌乱107. leam by heart背诵,记住108. lose heart失去勇气,丧失信心109. get hold of抓住,得到110. hunger for /after渴望111. attach importance重视112. have an influence on /upon 对……有影响113. make inquiries of sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事114. hold an inquiry into sth.对某事进行调查115. play a joke on sb.开某人的玩笑、116. come to sb's knowledg被某人知道117. throw light on /upon阐明某事,使人了解某事118. fall in love with爱上119. make mention of提及….120. have mercy on/upon对……表示怜悯121. bring /call to mind想起122. have sth. in mind记得,想到123. keep /bear in mind记住124. make up one's mind下决心,决意125. keep one's mind on专注于126. make the most of充分利用127. come to sb's notice引起某人的注意128. take notice of注意到129. make /take an objection to 对……表示反对130. obstacle to成为……的障碍131. bring /put into operation手术;操作,运转,运算132. come /go into operation实行,生效133. place an order for sth. with 向……定购某物134. keep pace with与……并驾齐驱,共同前进135. take pains努力,尽力,下苦功抗,抵御136. play a part (in)(在……中)扮演角色,参与137. take part in参加138. take place发生,进行,举行139. take the place of取代,代替140. come to a point变尖锐;到紧要关头141. keep to the point扣住主题142. make a point立论,证明论点143. hold the position of( as)担任……职务144. come into possession of sth. 占有某物145. take possession of占有,占领146. make a practice of经常进行147. put in /into practice实施,实行148. have a preference for偏爱……149. have a prejudice against sb.对某人有偏见150. make preparations for为……做准备151. take pride in以……自豪,对……感到得意152. enjoy privileges享受特权153. grant sb. the privilege of doing 赋予某人做……的权利154. make a promise许下诺言155. keepa pronuse遵守诺言156. carry out a promise履行诺言157. breaka promise不遵守诺言158. recovery from从……中恢复159. make a reduction减小,缩小160. make reference tD提到161. have no reference to与……无关162. give one's regards to sb.向某人致意163. make /offer resistance to 对……抵制164. take the resolution决心于某事165. have resort to sb.求助于某人166. make aresponse对……作出响应167. take the responsibility for负起对某事的责任168. get /take a rise out of sb.惹得某人恼怒169. give rise to引起,使发生170. run /take a risk冒险171. play a role in在……中扮演角色(起作用)172. exlyess one's satisfaction at/with对……表示满意173. make satisfaction for赔偿,补偿174. throw a scare into sb.吓坏某人175. come to one's senses苏醒过来;恢复理性176. make sense讲得通,言之有理177. throw /cast /put into the shade 使逊色,使相形见绌178. cast a shadow over蒙上阴影179. catch at shadows捕风捉影180. put sb.to shame羞辱某人181. do one's share for sth为……贡献一份力量182. go shares合伙经营;分享,分担183. take /bear one's share of承担一份184. catch sight of看见,发现185. lose sight of看不见,在视野之外186. take the firm stand站稳立场187. take a stand for /against sth.表示赞成/反对某事188. follow /tread in sb's step踏着某人的足迹;效仿189. take stock清查存货,盘存190. take stock in购买(公司);相信191. take stock of估量,观察192. lay /place /put stress on /upon 把重点放在……上193. substitute for sth.替代物194. express sympathy for /with sb. 对某人表示慰问195. have a talk with sb.与某人交谈196. make talk闲谈197. get /go intoa temper发脾气198. lose one's temper发脾气199. have /run a temperature发烧200. take one's temperature量体温201. fall into temptation受诱惑202. resist temptation抵制诱惑203. give /yield way to tempt at受诱惑204. have a terror of sth.感到恐怖205. thanks to由于,多亏206. no thanks to并非由于207. do a threat to对……形成威胁208. take one's time不着急,不慌忙209. keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系210. keep track of记录;保持与……联系211. lose track of失去……的线索212. set a trap设陷阱213. play a trick on sb;捉弄某人214. get into trouble陷入困境,招致不幸215. make trouble闹事,捣乱216. have trouble with同……闹纠纷217. make use of使用,利用218. put to use使用219. give way to让路,让步220. lead the way带路,引路221. make way让路,腾出地方/位置222. keep one's word守信用。
必背!大学英语四级写作之固定搭配词组固定搭配1重视attach great importance to…/priority should be given to…2把某事考虑在内take sth.into account/consideration3某事值得做be worth doing4第二大经济体the second largest economy5取决于某事Sth.depends on sth.6社会地位social status7把时间和精力放在…上spend time and energy/focus on…8身心两方面both physically and mentally9提出折中提议set forth a compromised proposal10社会进步的反映A mirror of social progress11充分利用make full use of/take advantage of...12承受更大的…压力suffer from heavier pressure of…/heavier burden of…13保障社会的稳定和繁荣guarantee the stability and prosperity of the society14更多地强调put more emphasis on…15适应社会发展adapt oneself to the development of society16从…到…;在…范围内变动range from…to…17主要理由列举如下the main reasons are listed as follows:18…必然趋势an irresistible trend of…19日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce/keen social competition20眼前利益immediate interest/short-term interest21长远利益interest in the long run22…有其自身的优缺点…has its merits and demerits/advantages and disadvantages23扬长避短exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones24取其精华,去其糟粕take the essence and discard the dross25对…有害do harm to/be harmful to/be detrimental to 26交流思想/情感/信息exchange ideas/emotions/information27采取有效措施来…take effective measures to do sth.28…的健康发展the healthy development of…29更不要说not to speak of/not to mention/let alone 30…有利有弊every coin has two sides.31在…之前prior to32经济/心理负担financial burden/psychological burden33考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/consideration 34从另一个角度from another perspective35做出共同努力make joint efforts36对…有益be beneficial/conducive to…37为社会做贡献make contributions to the society38打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…39综合素质comprehensive quality40致力于/投身于be committed/devoted to…41不可推卸的义务an indispensable duty42满足需求satisfy/meet the needs/requirements of…43宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources44方便快捷convenient and efficient45在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life46社会进步的体现a symbol of social progress47科技的飞速更新the accelerated updating of science and technology 48有/提供如下理由/证据have/provide the following reasons/evidence49在一定程度上to some extent/degree/in some way50理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice/apply theory to practice 51发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important/vital role in…52对…必不可少be indispensable to…53正如谚语所说/如图所示as the proverb goes:/as can be seen from the picture 54…也不例外…be no exception55对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/negative effects on…56利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.57导致,引起lead to/give rise to/contribute to/result in58复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon59责任感/成就感sense of responsibility/sense of achievement60竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation61开阔眼界widen one’s horizon/broaden one’s vision62学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills63禁不住做某事can't help doing sth.64做…有困难have difficulty(trouble)(in)doing sth. 65做某事毫无用处It’s no use doing sth.66没必要做某事There's no point in doing sth.67对某事/某人有影响have an influence on sth./sb.68把…强加于某人impose sth.on sb.69不比任何人差,首屈一指be second to none70同意做某事have no objection to doing sth.。
Beginning1. In this paper, we focus on the need for2. This paper proceeds as follow.3. The structure of the paper is as follows.4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroduction1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the pro blem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functio ns are defined.2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirel y possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time wit h stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy ser vice rule are considered.Review1. This review is followed by an introduction.2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given.4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of actio n, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems a nd outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Body1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its import ance.2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making l ogic.3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural l anguage understanding.5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used inthe ...7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the ana lysis of xx.10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decisi on.11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy de cision rules12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the propos ed model.14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost var iance investigation.15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of mem ory process.17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illus trate its use on experimental data.19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set mo del ..20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further wo rk.21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are di scussed very briefly in Section 2.23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniquene ss theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the dom ain of discourse is order dense.26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical st udy currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to constru ct membership functions.27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kin ds of inference experiments...This Section1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations whi ch are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the comp uter implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applicati ons the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then ill ustrate their use.5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the follo wing sections.6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xxSummary1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research considerati on in section 5.2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstract1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mat hematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14. This paper analyses problems in15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approac hing18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by w hich the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phase s of: xx, xx22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational proce dureChapter 1. IntroductionTime1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the4. The development of ... is explored5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknes ses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far f rom ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / Purpose1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx.3. The paper concerns the development of a xx4. The scope of this research lies in5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decisio n making.6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confiden ce as to permit ...7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide10. The main objective of such a ... system is to11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such prob ability distribution.12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:13. In order to take advantage of their similarity14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be comple ted15. In this trial, the objective is to generate...16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studi ed in presence of fuzzy data: xx.19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods20. This illustration points out the need to specify21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.22. Chapter 2. Literature Review23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, f or example, regarding xx24. A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decade25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertaint y in xx.28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well inmethodological aspects as in concrete applications.29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or pr obabilistic in nature.34. The central issue in all these studies is to35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, howeve r, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.36. Applied ... techniques to37. Characterized the ... system as38. Developed an algorithm to39. Developed a system called ... which40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce41. Emphasized the need to42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed45. Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights46. Point out that the problem of47. A study on ...was done / developed by []48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with49. The approach taken by [] is50. The system developed by [] consists51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []52. []'s model requires consideration of...53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development54. []'s model focuses on...55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to56. The published information that is relevant to this research...57. This study further shows that58. Their work is based on the principle of59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].60. Studies have been completed to established61. The ...studies indicated that62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recen t years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Question63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturi ng planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend t o span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed69. An unanswered question70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.71. An additional research issue to be tackled is ....72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed73. The three prime issues can be summarized:74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...75. There have been many attempts to76. It is expected to be serious barrier to77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex。