电表中英文对照

电表常用英语专业词汇II类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class II I类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class I P-分位…——P-fractile…p—分位管理延迟——p-fractile andyistrative delayP—分位后勤延迟——P—fractile logistic delayP—分位修理时间——p—fractile repair timeY-接线系统——Y-connected systemΔ-接线系统——Δ-connected system埃尔斯特——Elster艾创——Itron爱施朗——Echelon爱拓利——Actaris百分数误差——percentage error保护接地端——protective earth terminal备用冗余——standby redundancy变电站(所) ——substation/transformersubstation/transformer station变形，失真——distortion变压器——transformer标准表——reference meter标准传输规范——Standard Transfer Specification(STS)标准导轨式仪表——DIN rail meter表常数——meter constant表常数试验——Meter constant test表底——base表盖——meter cover表壳——meter case表位——stations波特率——baud rate波形——wave form波形捕捉——waveform capture补偿——compensation不工作时间——non—operating time不工作状态——non-operating state不可用时间——down time不可用状态；内因不能工作状态——down state；internal disabled state 不能工作时间——disabled time不能工作状态——disable state；outage不修理的产品——non-repaired item不影响功能的维修——function-permitting maintenance步进电机计度器——step motor register步进应力试验——step stress test部分故障——partial fault部分失效——partial failure采集器——acquisition unit采集器——data collector采集终端——electric energy acquisition terminal (EEAT)参比电流——reference current参比电压——reference voltage参比频率——reference frequency参比条件——reference conditions参比条件下的准确度试验——Accuracy at reference conditions参比温度——reference temperature测定试验——determination test测量单元——measuring unit测量器件/测量元件——measuring element测试报告——test report测试输出——test output插座——socket插座式（ANSI标准）电度表——socket type energy meter差错——error长沙（深圳）威胜——Wasion常数——constant超高压输电网——supertension transmission network超声波清洗机——ULTRASONIC Cleaning machine潮汐能发电站——tide energy power station程序－敏感故障——programme-sensitive fault持久故障——persistent fault持续时间——duration冲击电压试验——Impulse voltage test处因不能工作状态——external disabled state串口——COM port垂直工作位置——vertical working position次要故障——minor fault从属失效——secondary failure待命时间——stand-by time待命状态——standby state单费率——flat tariff单相IC卡式预付费电度表——single phase IC card prepaid meter单相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a single-phase circuit单相电能表——singlesingle phasephase meter单相电能表平面调表检验装置——horizontal single phase watt hour meter test bench 单相电子式电度表——single phase electronic meter单相多费率电度表——single phase multi-tariff meter单相多功能电度表——single phase multi-function meter单相多功能电能表检验装置——single phase multifunction watt hour meter test bench单相分体式键盘式预付费电度表——single phase split-type keypad prepaid meter 单相感应式电度表——single phase inductive meter单相机械式电度表——single phase mechanical meter单相键盘式预付费电度表——single phase keypad prepaid meter单相两线电能表——single phase two wire meter单相三线电能表——single phase three wire meter单相有无功电度表——single phase active & reactive meter单相载波式电度表——single phase PLC meter单相载波式多功能电度表——single phase PLC multi-function meter单相载波式预付费电度表——single phase PLC prepaid meter德国标准——DIN Standard德国电气工程师协会——Verband Deutscher ElektrotechnikerVDE德国国家标准——Deutsches Institut für Normung e.VDIN等级指数——class index等级指数——class index低压配电网——low voltage distribution network底部连接式（IEC标准）电度表——bottom connected type energy meter地热能发电站——geothermal power station地线—— earth line电磁兼容性——Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance电度表——energy meter,electricity meter,kilowatt-hour meter,power meter电度表/仪表型式——meter type电度表型号——meter type电感性负载——inductiveinductive load电抗——reactance电快速群脉冲抗扰度试验——Immunity to electrical fast transients/bursts电快速瞬变群脉冲抗扰度试验——electrical fast transients/burststransients/bursts 电力负荷——load电力负荷管理终端——power load management terminal电力系统——power system电力线载波——PLC （power line carrier)电流比较器——current comparator电流采样——current sampling电流互感器——CT电流回路——current circuit电流线路——current circuit电流源——current source电能——electric energy电能表退磁装置——watt hour meter demagnetization device电能测量仪表——electricity meter电容性负载——conductive load电网——power grid电网质量(分析) ——power quality (analysis)电压采样——voltage sampling电压等级——voltage rating电压跌落和短时中断试验——voltage dips and short interruptions; 电压互感器——current transformer PT电压回路——voltage circuit电压线路——voltage circuit电压源——voltage source电子式电度表——electronic meter static meterdigital meter电子式电能表——electronic meter电阻性负载——load独立失效——primary failure端子盖——terminal cover端子座——terminal block短距离无线网络——zigbee短时过电流试验——Short time overcurrent test断电——power outage断路器——circuit breaker对称三相负载——balanced three--phase load多费率电度表/仪表——multi-rate meter多费率电度表——multi-rate meter多费率仪表——multi-rate meter多功能电能表——multi--function meter多相电能表——polyphase meter额定电流*（In)——rated current （In)额定电流——rated current额定工作条件——rated operating condition额定最大脉冲频率——rated maximum impulse frequency发电厂——powerpower plant发电机——generator阀值——threshold法国标准协会——Association Francaise de Normalisation AFNOR反窃电——anti--tampering反向电能——export energy反向功率——reverse power防尘防水等级——IPIP rating妨碍功能的维修——function-preventing maintenance非对称电压试验——Voltage unbalance test非对称功率——asymmetric power非对称三相负载——Unbalanced three--phase load非关联失效——non-relevant failure非计划性维修——unscheduled maintenance非确定性故障——indeterminate fault非现场维修——off-site maintenance非易失贮存器——non-volatile memory非致命故障——non-critical fault非致命失效——non-critical failure费率——tariff / raterate费率内控——tariff under internal control费率外控——tariff under external control分时计量表——maltii--tariff meter风能发电站——wind power station峰值——peak服务——service辅助电源——auxiliary supply辅助线路——auxiliary circuit负荷曲线——Load profile负序阻抗——negtive--phase sequence impedance附加绝缘——supplementary insulation感应式电度表inductive watt-hour meter感应式电能表——inductioninduction meter感应式电能表——rev/kWhrev/kWh 或Wh/rev感应式仪表——induction meter钢锉——steel file高压配电网——high voltage distribution network高压输电网——high voltage transmission network工作——operation工作冗余——active redundancy工作时间——operating time工作指示器——operation indicator工作状态——operating state公共交换电话网络——Public Switched Telephone Network （PSTN)功率因数——Power factorfactor功能核查——function check-out供电局公用事业公司——utility估计的…——estimated…固有的…——intrinsic…；inherent…固有能力——capability固有误差——Intrinsic error故障——fault故障产品——faulty item故障定位——fault localization故障定位时间——fault localization time故障分析——fault analysis故障模式、影响与危害度分析——FMECA fault modes，effects and criticality analysis 故障模式——fault mode故障模式与影响分析——FMEA fault modes and effects analysis故障识别——fault recognition故障识别比——fault coverage故障树——fault tree故障树分析——FTA fault tree analysis故障修复——fault correction故障修复时间——fault correction time故障掩盖——fault masking故障裕度/容错——fault tolerance故障诊断——fault diagnosis故障诊断时间——fault diagnosis time关联失效——relevant failure观测数据——observed data管理延迟（对于修复性维修）——andyistrative delay光电通讯口——optical port光纤接入——Optical Access Network（OAN )规定的测量范围——specified measuring range规定的工作范围——specified operating range规定功能——required function规约，通信协议——protocol国际标准化组织标准——ISO Standard国际标准化组织协会—— International Standard OrganizationISO 国际电工委员会——International Electrotechnical CommissionIEC 过流——overcurrennt过压——overvoltage过载——overload杭州百富——Pax杭州海兴—— Hexing杭州炬华——Sunrise杭州西力——Xili杭州西子——Xizi耗损失效期——wear－out failure period河南（深圳）思达——Star河南金雀——Jinque核查时间——check－out time核电站——nuclear power plant恒定失效率期——constant failure rate period恒定失效密度期——constant failure intensity period红外通讯——infrared communication红外掌机——infrared handheld unit后勤延迟——logistic delay互感式仪表——transformer operated meter华立——Holley滑差窗口——slide window滑差时间——sliding window time环境温度——ambient temperature恢复——restoration；recovery恢复前时间——time to restoration；time to recovery火线—— live line机电式电能表——electromechanical meter机械式电度表mechanical watt-hour meter electro-mechanical meter基本的维修作业——elementary maintenance activity基本电流（直接式仪表：Ib）——basic current基本绝缘——basic insulation基本转矩——basic torque基本转速——basic speed基准数据——reference data畸变率——distortion ratio畸变因数——distortion factor极限工作范围——limit range of operation集中抄表系统automatic meter reading（AMR）集中器——concentrator计度器——register计划性维修——scheduled maintenance技术延迟——technical delay继电器——relay加密——encryption加强绝缘——reinforced insulation加速试验——accelerated test尖、峰、谷、平时段——sharp、peak、shoulder、off—peak time consumption 间隙——clearance间歇故障——intermittent fault监测——supervision；monitoring减弱功能的维修——function-degrading maintenance渐变失效；漂移失效——gradual failure；drift failure渐近可用度——A asymptotic availability渐近平均不可用度——U asymptotic mean unavailability渐近平均可用度——A asymptotic mean availability渐近下可用度——U asymptotic unavailability鉴定程序——qualification procedure江苏林洋——Linyang交流电压试验——AC voltage test阶梯费率——step tariff接地故障——earth fault接地故障抗扰度试验——Immunity to earth fault test接线端盖——terminal cover接线端子——basic insulation terminal接线端座——terminal block解密——decryption精度准确度——accuracy静电放电抗扰度试验——Immunity to electrostatic discharge test静电放电试验——electrostatic discharges静止式无功电度表——static var-hour meter静止式仪表——staticstatic meter静止式有功电度表——static watt-hour meter绝对误差——absolute error绝缘——insulation开表盖——meter cover open开端盖——terminal cover open可触及导电部件——accessible conductive part可靠性——reliability可靠性分配——reliability allocation；reliability apportionment可靠性改进——reliability improvement可靠性和维修性保证——reliability and maintainability assurance可靠性和维修性大纲——reliability and maintainability programme 可靠性和维修性管理——reliability and maintainability management 可靠性和维修性计划——reliability and maintainability plan可靠性和维修性监察——reliability and maintainability surveillance 可靠性和维修性控制——reliability and maintainability control可靠性和维修性审计——reliability and maintainability audit可靠性框图——reliability block diagram可靠性模型——reliability model可靠性预计——reliability prediction可靠性增长——reliability growth可设置——configurable可信性——dependability可用时间——up time可用性——availability可用状态——up state空载试验——No--load condition test兰吉尔——Landis & Gyr浪涌抗扰度试验——Immunity to surge test浪涌试验——surge test老化——aging老化房——Aging House老化故障；耗损故障——ageing fault；wearout fault老化失效；耗损失效——ageing failure；wearout failure老练——burn in累积不可用时间——accumulated down time累积时间——accumulated time累计测量值——cumulative measurement两相三线电能表——two phase three wire meter量度——measure零线——null line/neutral line零序阻抗——zero--phase sequence impedance轮显——normal scrolling display码分多址——Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)忙碌状态——busy state美标GB国标——ANSI Standard美国国家标准协会——American National Standards InstituteANSI美国实验室标准——Underwriter Laboratories Inc.UL密码保护——password protection民用仪表——domestic meter模具——mould模块——module耐久性——durability耐久性试验——endurance test能源计量配套规范Companion Specification for Energy Metering(COSEM) 逆相序——reversed phase sequence逆相序试验——Reversed phase sequence test宁波三星Sanxing宁夏宁光——LGG欧盟安全认证——Communate EuroppeneCE欧盟计量器具指令——MID欧洲标准——EN Standard欧洲国际电工委员会标准——IEC Standard爬电距离——creepage distance旁路——bypass配电变压器——distribution transformer配电监测计量终端——transformer terminal unit (TTU)配电控制柜——distribution cabinet配电网络——distribution network配电线路——distribution transmission line平均不可用度——U(t1，t2)mean unavailability平均不可用时间——MDT mean down time平均的…——mean…平均管理延迟——MAD mean andyistrative delay平均后勤延迟——MLD mean logistic delay平均恢复前时间——MTTR mean time to restoration平均可用度——A(t1,t2)mean availability平均可用时间——MUT mean up time平均累积不可用时间——MADT mean accumulated down time平均失效间隔时间——MTBF mean time between failures平均失效间工作时间——MTBF mean operating time between failures平均失效率——λ(t1,t2)mean failure rate平均失效密度——Z(tl，t2) mean failure intensity平均失效前时间——MTTF mean time to failure平均实际修复性维修时间——mean active corrective maintenance time平均首次失效前时间——MTTFF mean time to first failure平均维修人时——mean maintenance man-hours平均温度系数——mean temperature coefficient平均修复率——μ(t1，t2)mean repair rate平均修理时间——MRT mean repair time奇次谐波和次谐波影响试验——Odd harmonics anda sub--harmonics test启动——starting启动试验——Starting condition test潜动——creeping潜在故障——latent fault欠压——under voltage嵌入软件——firmware窃电——tampering轻工业用仪表——light industialindustial meter确定性故障——determinate fault热电厂——heat and power plant热稳定性——thermal stability日本标准协会——Japanese Industial StandardJIS冗余——redundancy弱质故障——weakness fault弱质失效——weakness failure三合一监测计量终端——hyper transformer terminal unit (HTTU)三相GPRS多功能电度表——three phase GPRS multi-function meter三相IC卡式预付费电度表——three phase IC card prepaid meter三相等电位电能表检验装置——three phase equal potential watt hour meter test bench 三相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a three-phase circuit三相电能表——three phase meter三相电能表检验装置——three phase watt hour meter test bench三相电子式电度表——three phase electronic meter三相多费率电度表——three phase multi-tariff meter三相多功能电度表——three phase multi-function meter三相分体式键盘式预付费电度表——three phase split-type keypad prepaid meter三相感应式电度表——three phase inductive meter三相机械式电度表——three phase mechanical meter三相键盘式预付费电度表——three phase keypad prepaid meter三相三线电能表——three phase three wire meter三相三线电网——three--phase three wire network三相四线电能表——three phase four wire meter三相四线电网——three--phase four wire network三相有无功电度表——three phase active & reactive meter三相载波式电度表——three phase PLC meter三相载波式多功能电度表——three phase PLC multi-function meter三相载波式预付费电度表——three phase PLC prepaid meter筛选试验——screening test商用仪表——commercial meter上电——power--on上海金陵——Jinling上位机软件——PC software上限——upper limit上行通道——upstream channel设备名称及测试术语单相电能表检验装置——single phase watt hour meter test bench 设备语言信息规范——Device Language Message specification(DLMS)设计故障——design fault设计评审——design review设计失效——design failure射频传导抗扰度试验——Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by RF fields test 射频电磁场传导干扰试验——conducted disturbances, induced by RF fields射频电磁场试验——radiated RF electromagnetic fields;射频干扰试验——radio interference test射频模块——RF (radio frequency) module深圳长城——Kaifa深圳浩宁达——Haoningda深圳科陆——Clou深圳龙电——Longdian失误——mistake失效——failure失效安全——fail safe失效分析——failure analysis失效机理——failure mechanism失效间隔时间——time between failures失效间工作时间——operating time between failures失效率加速系数——failure rate acceleration factor失效密度加速系数——failure intensity acceleration factor失效前时间——time to failure失效原因——failure cause湿度——humidity时间加速系数——time acceleration factor时间区间——time interval时刻——instant of time实际的修复性维修时间——active corrective maintenance time实际的预防性维修时间——active preventive maintenance time实际维修时间——active maintenance time实时时钟——RTC （real--time clock)实验室试验——laboratory test矢量图——phasor diagram使用的…——operational…使用寿命——useful life事件——event事件记录——event log视在功率——apparent power试验数据——test data室内安装——indoor installation室内仪表——indoor meter室外安装——outdoor installation室外仪表——outdoor meter首次失效前时间——time to first failure受控维修——controlled maintenance售电系统——vending system输出装置——output devices输电网络——transmission network输电线路——transmission line数据报文——data message数据处理单元——data processing unit数据－敏感故障——data-sensitive fault双重绝缘——double insulation水电站——hydropower station瞬间电压跌落——sag瞬间电压升高——swell瞬时不可用度——U(t) instantaneous unavailability瞬时测量值——instantaneous measurement瞬时的…——instantaneous…瞬时可用度——A(t) instantaneous availability瞬时失效率——λ(t) instantaneous failure rate瞬时失效密度——Z(t) instantaneous failure intensity瞬时修复率——μ(t)instantaneous repair rate四象限测量——four--quadrant measurement太阳能发电站——solarsolar energyenergy powerpower station通用电气GE通用无线分组General Packet Radio Service（GPRS)突然失效——sudden failure退化失效——degradation failure外部工频交变磁场——power frequency magnetic fields of external origin 外部恒定磁场试验——continuous magnetic fields of external origin; 外磁场影响——external magnetic affection外推的…——extrapolated…外因不能工作时间——external disabled time；external loss time完全故障；功能阻碍故障——complete fault；function-preventing fault完全失效——complete failure维修保障性——maintenance support performance维修的实体——maintenance entity维修等级——level of maintenance维修度——maintainability维修方针——maintenance policy维修工作——maintenance action；maintenance task维修人时——MMH maintenance man-hours维修时间——maintenance time维修树——maintenance tree维修性——maintainability维修性分配——maintainability allocation；maintainability apportionment 维修性检验——maintainability verification维修性模型——maintainability model维修性验证——maintainability demonstration维修性预计——maintainability prediction维修约定级——indenture level(for maintenance)维修准则——maintenance philosophy维修作业线——maintenance echelon；line of maintenance未检出故障时间——undetected fault time温州长城——CNC温州晨泰——Risesun温州德力西——Delex温州登立——Dengli温州华仪——Huayi温州立新——Lixin温州人民——People Electric温州松夏——Songxia温州天正——T engen温州正泰——Chint纹波控制——ripple control稳态不可用度——steady-state unavailability稳态的…——steady state稳态可用度——steady－state availability无功表——varvar--hourhour meter无功电度表——var-hour meter无功电能（乏一小时）——reactive energy(var-hour)无功功率——reactive power无功功率的方向和符号——directions and sign of reactive power无需求时间——non-required time误操作故障——mishandling fault误操作失效——mishandling failure误差偏移量——error shift误差允许范围——tolerance误用故障——misuse fault误用失效——misuse failure系统性故障——systematic fault系统性失效；重复性失效——systematic failure；reproducible failure下电——power--off下限——low limit下行通道——downstream channel先进计量设施——advanced metering infrastructure（AMI)闲置时间——idle time；free time闲置状态；空闲状态——idle state；free state显示模式——display mode现场试验——field test现场数据——field data现场维修——on-site maintenance；in sits maintenance；field maintenance 线电流——line current线电压——line voltage线损表——lineline lossloss meter相电流——phase current相电压——phase voltage相对误差——relative error效能——effectiveness校表——calibration校表参数——calibration parameter谐波——harmonics谐波表——harmonic meter信号源——signal source型式——type型式检验——type test型式验证程序——type approval procedure修复比——repair coverage修复性维修——corrective maintenance修复性维修时间——corrective maintenance time修改——modification(of an item)修理的产品——repaired item修理时间——repair time需量表——demand meter需量周期——block interval需求时间——required time需要周期——demand interval验证试验——compliance test遥控维修——remote maintenance仪表插座——meter socket仪表常数——meter constant仪表底座——meter base仪表基架——meter frame仪表计度器（计数机构）——register of a meter(counting mechanism)仪表驱动元件——meter driving element仪表型式——meter type仪表制动元件——meter braking element仪表转子——meter rotor仪用互感器——instrument transformer应力分析——stress analysis应力模式——stress model英国标准——BS Standard英国国家标准—— Britain Standard (BS)影响功能的维修——function-affecting maintenance影响量——influence quantity影响量或影响因数——influence quantity or factor影响量试验——Effect of influence quantities test硬件保护——hardware protection由影响量引起的误差改变量——variation of error due to an influence quantity 有功电度表——watt-hour meter有功功率——Active power逾期维修——deferred maintenance预防性维修——preventive maintenance预防性维修时间——preventive maintenance time预付费电度表——prepayment watt-hour meter预付费电能表——prepayment meter预计——prediction预计的…——predicted…灾变失效——cataleptic failure早期失效期——early failure period帐单系统——billing system浙江万胜——Wellsun浙江永泰龙——Yongtailong真实的…——true…振动——vibration正常工作位置——normal working position正常工作位置——normal working position正向电能——import energyenergy正向功率——forward power正序阻抗——positive--phase sequence impedance直接式仪表——direct connected meter直流和偶次谐波影响试验——DC and even harmonics test制造故障——manufacturing fault制造失效——manufacturing failure致命故障——critical fault致命失效——critical failure致使状态——critical state智能电表——smart meter智能电网——smart grid智能集中控制器——centralized supervisory controller中继器——repeaters中压配电网——middle voltage distribution network重复性——Repeatability重要故障——major fault主站——master station贮存和运输条件——storage and transport conditions贮存器——memory状态转移图——state-transition diagram自动抄表管理系统——AMI (advanced metering infrastructure) system 自动抄表管理系统——AMM (automatic meter management) system 自动抄表系统——AMR (automatic meter reading) system自动维修——automatic maintenance自检——self--diagnostics自热影响试验——Self--heating test阻尼振荡波试验——damped oscillatory wave test最大电流*（Imax)——maximum current （Imax)最大容许误差——maximum permissible error最大容许误差偏移——maximum permissible error shift最大需量——MD (maximum demand)最大需量复零装置——maximum demand reset zero unit。

中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)always adopts mechanical tinplate to measure. There are some shortcomings that the measurement precision falls with machine abrasion, single time period setting and strong manpower [2]. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter based on AT89LV52. This multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter adoptsAD7752 for measurement. It has the characteristics which are time-sharing measurement, accurate measurement, LCD display, automatic meter reading, flexible time period setting, timely emendation, low cost and novel design. II. STRUCTURE AND WORKING PRINCIPLEThe novel multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter proposed in this paper is based upon AT89LV52 singlechip [3]. AT89LV52 has the flash memorizer with 8k bytes, cryptographical program memorizer with third class, RAM with 256 bytes, 32 programmable I/O lines, three time/ counter with 16 bits and a two class halt with six vectors. The interface circuit adopts I2C bus unit which is a 8 bits singlechipwith good performance and suitable price. The system structure diagram is shown in figure 1.Figure 1. System structure diagramThe principle of this multi-rate watt-hour meter is reading in themulti-rate time segments using RS485 bus and noting in X25045 then take over correctional clock with RS485 bus and write in clock CMOS chip S3530A. Thethree-phase AC voltage and electric current pass through potentiometer and mutual inductance instrument respectively so as to produce small signal which is sent toAD7752 to complete measurement. The clock CMOS chip S3530A gives clockinformation per second in the course of automatic move and analyze this clock belongs to which period of time according to advance periods of time set in X25045 then save the electrical energy in RAM memorizeraccording to corresponding period of time. We write it to corresponding address ofX25045 when the electrical energy achieves one degree in order to make the multi-rate measurement come true. This watt-hour meter hasfunctions of clear LCD display, missing phase detection, burthen control, halt electricity check and storage, automatic meter reading and so on.III. THE DESIGH OF HARDWARE CIRCUITA． Electrical energy measurementThe three-phase electrical energy measurement is realized by the low consume CMOS chip AD7752 of ADI company. The inside of AD7752 adopts digital circuit besides ADC, filter and multiplication circuit which can eliminate noises effectively. The sampling course of voltage and electric current in three-phase AC power supply loop is shown in figure 2 in which IA stands for voltage sampling of A phase. The sampling circuits of B phase and C phase are similar to A phase. The power after integral is transformed to electrical pulse for output. The pulse of fan-out CF enters into interregnum INT0 of AT89LV52 through photoelectricity insulation 4N25. CPU measures the electrical energy [4]. We adjust the pulse number of CF by combining the state of S1 and S2. The connection of electrical energy and pulse is W = M C . In which, W is the electrical energy with the unit of kilowatt-hour, M is the total pulse number,C is the pulse number of ammeter. We choose C equals to 3000 that is to say every kilowatt-hour is 3000pulses.Figure 2. Circuit schematic diagramof watt-hour meterB． LCD displayThe LCD display [6] adopts HT1621 CMOS chip of HOLTEK Company toachieve twelve bits digital display. HT1621 is the LCD drivers with 128 segments (32×4) inner memorizer. The interior of HT1621 consists ofcontrol and time circuits, RAM, LCD drive and watch timer. It hasthe merits of small volume and low cost so that it is suit to watt-hour meter. We use serial interface which only has four lines between HT1621 and AT89LV52. The detailed connection is shown in figure 3. P20, P21, P22 and P23 of AT89LV52 connect to CS, RD, WR and DATA respectively with the use to refurbish the display of RAM. HT1621 drive CMOS chip has 48 nodes in which COM0, COM1, COM2, COM3 connect to the communal end and drive output of LCD and SG0, SG1, SG2, SG3 connect to drive output of every segment respectively. In addition, an adjustable resistance of 20kΩ is put between VDD and VLCD to adjust the display contrast of LCD. Experiment shows that the contrast is better with VDD=5V and VLCD=4V. C． Serial memorizerSerial memorizer adopts low power consumption chip X25045 of XICORcompany .It has three functions which are watchdog timer WTD, voltage supervision and serial memorizer E2PROM with 512 bytes. WTD can be set 200ms, 600ms and 1400ms time intervals. The software program is read into X25045. During the normal running of program, WTD receives the trigger signal in time intervals in order to ensure the normal running of program. X25045 will output a high potential through RESET line if WTD does not receive trigger signal in time intervals. The trigger watt-hour meter reset in order to prevent program flying away. As the serial memorizer chip, 512 bytes of X25045 are used to storage the watt-hour meter code, multi-rate periods of time, the apex electricity, smooth electricity, vale electricity and total electricity of last month and this month. Storage can be divided into two same areas. One is used as data storage. The other is used for backup. The number of storagecan be revised 100,000 times. Data can be stored for 100 years. It is connected withAT89LV52 by SPI agreement bus. The connection is shown in figure 3.D． Clock circuitThe clock circuit is completed by S3530A chip. It is a low powerconsumption clock chip that supports I2C Bus. It sets the clock and calendar according to the data received by CUP communicating with RS485. At the same time, it continues to walk time by its own oscillation. The crystaloscillator of 32.768 kHz is put between Xin and Xout of S3530A which is connected with CPU through latching. SDA foot and SCL foot connect to P1.6 and P1.7 ofAT89LV52 respectively. There are two interrupt alarming foots can be set as second output or minute output synchronizing pulse which supply interrupt signal toAT89LV52 with one second period. Single-chip system will readout the current time through I2C communication interface according to this signal and calculate the period of time that this moment belongs to so as to realize the electrical energy measurement in different periods of time [5]. This clock circuit has spare lithium battery. The powersupply VCC supply power in normal wiring and electrified for lithium battery of 3.6V. When there is power off, the system will automatically convert lithium battery to clock circuit for power supply. The clock will still running accurately even the power is off.Figure 3. Partial circuit figure of watt-hour meterE． RS485 CommunicationMAX485 chip can implement RS485 communication control ofmulti-rate watt-hour meter. MAX485 chip has RS485 communication protocol. It can take 128 hypogenous computers. Its transmission distance is greater than 1km and its transfer rate is up to 250kb per second. The watt-hour meter connects with the unit controller through the RS485 bus. Each unit has a cell controller can manage 128 multi-rate watt-hour meter. The cell controller connects to power management computer.Each watt-hour meter has one and only meter number with eight bits of hex. The electrician should write the user’s information and meter number and then import to the power management computer for initial installation so ad to complete the connection of user and management computer. Management computer sends setting of period of time and clock information with the manner of broadcast communication without address information. PC uploads information by the way of calling address. F． Lack Phase detection and relay controlIt can achieve relay control [7] with P27 of AT89LV52. P27 cancontrol relays using 4N25 photoelectricity isolator so as to complete powersupply and power control. Lack Phase detection gets the signal from fan-out of the relay and connects to 1 foot of photoelectricity isolator after passing a 75K resistance, the diode half-wave rectifier and capacitive filtering respectively. We detect the 4 foot of isolator to determine whether there is the lack of phase. If there is lack of phase, we detect again after 2 seconds overtime. We break off the power immediately if there is lack of power after the twice confirmation. In power protection circuit, it uses the INT1 interrupt foot of AT89LV52 to detect signal.When there is a sudden power off, INT1 jumps into a low voltage and the INT1 interrupt enters to the power protection program relying on the energy storage capacitor to save data. In the system, pulse output of AD7752, relay control port and the inputs of lack phase detection all use photoelectric isolator 4N25. It sends electrical signal by light coupling which can enhance the ability of anti-jamming. IV. THE DESIGN OF SOFTWAREA．The distribution of resourceThe software program includes main program, X25045 read and write program, RS485 serial communication program, interrupt serve program, timer handling program,HT1621 display control program, electrical energy measurement in different period of time and power down protection program, and system self-checking andanti-interference handling program. Interrupt resource distribution of system is: INT0 interrupt is used as AD7752 pulse measurement, INT1 as synchronization detecting, timer T0 as 100 ms timing, T1 as 1ms timing, and T2 as baud rate generator for serial communication program. RS485 asynchronous communication is set to receive interrupt and check information for sending.B． Module desighThe flow chart of main program is shown in figure 4. The watt-hourmeter should be able to initialize at each power up time. The initializing program includes setting working mode of timers, serial stomata and interrupts for AT89LV52,writing control word into X25045, S3530A and HT1621. This system sets three periods of time. The singlechip reads clock value from S3530A per second then analyze this clock belongs to which period of time according to advance periods of time set inX25045 then save the electrical energy in RAM memorizer according to corresponding period of time. We write it to corresponding address of X25045 when the electrical energy achieves one degree. The LCD display with 16 bits shows period of time and electrical energy information in turn. Figure 4. Flow chart of main program V. TESTING RESULTError measurement and running test have been made in Zibo Billion Electron Co., Ltd. The epigenous computer completes the setting of time management. There arethree-rate period of time. The first period of time is vale electricity from 00 point 00 minute to 06 point 30 minutes. The second period of time is apex electricity from 06 point 30 minutes to 22 point 30 minutes. The third period of time is smooth electricity from 22 point 30 minutes to 24 point 00 minute. The setting of rate period of time is sent to computer management system by electric power company according to national policy and saved in X25045. The apex electricity, smooth electricity, vale electricity and total electricity per month read saved in electrical energy meter and sent to epigenous computer through cell controller. The communication baud rate is 9600 bits per second. The checkout platform of 0.1 grade standard electronic power meter is used as standard meter and the multi-rate watt-hour meter is the tested meter. Billion Electron Company has carried out testing according to different load running. The measured data is shown in table 1 with the burthen of 30kW.TABLE I. COMPARE OF NORMAL METER AND TESTING METERThe testing result indicates that the error of this multi-ratewatt-hour meter is less than 1%, belongs to 1.0 grade. The return reading of electrical energy is precision and the emendation of time is timely and right. By testing, the method of decreasing errors for electricity metering can be obtained. Firstly, adjust the sampling resistance of AD7752 to accurate value. Secondly, the value of this resistance is needed less varying with temperature. Thirdly, during electricity metering progress, when mantissa portion of electricity is less than0.01, the remaining pulse should be accessed together, thus cumulative error caused by lack of 0.01degree energy loss could be avoided.VI. CONCLUSION AND EXPECTATIONThe multi-rate watt-hour meter achieves electrical energycomputation in different time according to different time setting. It adopts RS485 for serial communication and realizes automatic meter reading and real-time emendation. The results of production in Billion Electron Company showthat the multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter proposed in this paper has the characteristics of novel design technique, accurate measurement, and flexible time period setting. Various technical indexes achieve the technique standard for national intelligent card watt-hour meter. Therefore, it has wide application. REFERENCES [1] Bu Zhengl iang, Yin Xianggen, Tu Guangyu. “Development of HV Watt-hour meter.” Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2006, 30(19): 89-93.[2] Kosukegawa M., Sakumoto Y. “Traceability system of electric energy standard and tendency in static watthour meter developmen t in Japan.” Sixth International Conference on Metering Apparatus and Tariffs for Electricity Supply, 1990,4: 259-263.[3] Xuehai Li. Applied tutorial of singlechip. Electronic industry publishing company, 2003.[4] Al-Khateeb Tarik, Blundel Martin. “An el ectronic meter for measuring the saving in electrical power.” The Ninth Arab International Conference on Solar Energy (AICSE-9), Kingdom of Bahrain, 2007,4 (209):328-333.[5] Liu Ying, Liu Qingyu. “Development of a self-calibration precision electricalmea suring meter.” Proceedings of the 1998 Conference Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, 1998,7:276.。

电表常用英语专业词汇II类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class II I类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class I P-分位…——P-fractile…p—分位管理延迟——p-fractile andyistrative delayP—分位后勤延迟——P—fractile logistic delayP—分位修理时间——p—fractile repair timeY-接线系统——Y-connected systemΔ-接线系统——Δ-connected system埃尔斯特——Elster艾创——Itron爱施朗——Echelon爱拓利——Actaris百分数误差——percentage error保护接地端——protective earth terminal备用冗余——standby redundancy变电站(所) ——substation/transformersubstation/transformer station变形，失真——distortion变压器——transformer标准表——reference meter标准传输规范——Standard Transfer Specification(STS)标准导轨式仪表——DIN rail meter表常数——meter constant表常数试验——Meter constant test表底——base表盖——meter cover表壳——meter case表位——stations波特率——baud rate波形——wave form波形捕捉——waveform capture补偿——compensation不工作时间——non—operating time不工作状态——non-operating state不可用时间——down time不可用状态；内因不能工作状态——down state；internal disabled state 不能工作时间——disabled time不能工作状态——disable state；outage不修理的产品——non-repaired item不影响功能的维修——function-permitting maintenance步进电机计度器——step motor register步进应力试验——step stress test部分故障——partial fault部分失效——partial failure采集器——acquisition unit采集器——data collector采集终端——electric energy acquisition terminal (EEAT)参比电流——reference current参比电压——reference voltage参比频率——reference frequency参比条件——reference conditions参比条件下的准确度试验——Accuracy at reference conditions参比温度——reference temperature测定试验——determination test测量单元——measuring unit测量器件/测量元件——measuring element测试报告——test report测试输出——test output插座——socket插座式（ANSI标准）电度表——socket type energy meter差错——error长沙（深圳）威胜——Wasion常数——constant超高压输电网——supertension transmission network超声波清洗机——ULTRASONIC Cleaning machine潮汐能发电站——tide energy power station程序－敏感故障——programme-sensitive fault持久故障——persistent fault持续时间——duration冲击电压试验——Impulse voltage test处因不能工作状态——external disabled state串口——COM port垂直工作位置——vertical working position次要故障——minor fault从属失效——secondary failure待命时间——stand-by time待命状态——standby state单费率——flat tariff单相IC卡式预付费电度表——single phase IC card prepaid meter单相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a single-phase circuit单相电能表——singlesingle phasephase meter单相电能表平面调表检验装置——horizontal single phase watt hour meter test bench 单相电子式电度表——single phase electronic meter单相多费率电度表——single phase multi-tariff meter单相多功能电度表——single phase multi-function meter单相多功能电能表检验装置——single phase multifunction watt hour meter test bench单相分体式键盘式预付费电度表——single phase split-type keypad prepaid meter 单相感应式电度表——single phase inductive meter单相机械式电度表——single phase mechanical meter单相键盘式预付费电度表——single phase keypad prepaid meter单相两线电能表——single phase two wire meter单相三线电能表——single phase three wire meter单相有无功电度表——single phase active & reactive meter单相载波式电度表——single phase PLC meter单相载波式多功能电度表——single phase PLC multi-function meter单相载波式预付费电度表——single phase PLC prepaid meter德国标准——DIN Standard德国电气工程师协会——Verband Deutscher ElektrotechnikerVDE德国国家标准——Deutsches Institut für Normung e.VDIN等级指数——class index等级指数——class index低压配电网——low voltage distribution network底部连接式（IEC标准）电度表——bottom connected type energy meter地热能发电站——geothermal power station地线—— earth line电磁兼容性——Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance电度表——energy meter,electricity meter,kilowatt-hour meter,power meter电度表/仪表型式——meter type电度表型号——meter type电感性负载——inductiveinductive load电抗——reactance电快速群脉冲抗扰度试验——Immunity to electrical fast transients/bursts电快速瞬变群脉冲抗扰度试验——electrical fast transients/burststransients/bursts 电力负荷——load电力负荷管理终端——power load management terminal电力系统——power system电力线载波——PLC （power line carrier)电流比较器——current comparator电流采样——current sampling电流互感器——CT电流回路——current circuit电流线路——current circuit电流源——current source电能——electric energy电能表退磁装置——watt hour meter demagnetization device电能测量仪表——electricity meter电容性负载——conductive load电网——power grid电网质量(分析) ——power quality (analysis)电压采样——voltage sampling电压等级——voltage rating电压跌落和短时中断试验——voltage dips and short interruptions; 电压互感器——current transformer PT电压回路——voltage circuit电压线路——voltage circuit电压源——voltage source电子式电度表——electronic meter static meterdigital meter电子式电能表——electronic meter电阻性负载——load独立失效——primary failure端子盖——terminal cover端子座——terminal block短距离无线网络——zigbee短时过电流试验——Short time overcurrent test断电——power outage断路器——circuit breaker对称三相负载——balanced three--phase load多费率电度表/仪表——multi-rate meter多费率电度表——multi-rate meter多费率仪表——multi-rate meter多功能电能表——multi--function meter多相电能表——polyphase meter额定电流*（In)——rated current （In)额定电流——rated current额定工作条件——rated operating condition额定最大脉冲频率——rated maximum impulse frequency发电厂——powerpower plant发电机——generator阀值——threshold法国标准协会——Association Francaise de Normalisation AFNOR反窃电——anti--tampering反向电能——export energy反向功率——reverse power防尘防水等级——IPIP rating妨碍功能的维修——function-preventing maintenance非对称电压试验——Voltage unbalance test非对称功率——asymmetric power非对称三相负载——Unbalanced three--phase load非关联失效——non-relevant failure非计划性维修——unscheduled maintenance非确定性故障——indeterminate fault非现场维修——off-site maintenance非易失贮存器——non-volatile memory非致命故障——non-critical fault非致命失效——non-critical failure费率——tariff / raterate费率内控——tariff under internal control费率外控——tariff under external control分时计量表——maltii--tariff meter风能发电站——wind power station峰值——peak服务——service辅助电源——auxiliary supply辅助线路——auxiliary circuit负荷曲线——Load profile负序阻抗——negtive--phase sequence impedance附加绝缘——supplementary insulation感应式电度表inductive watt-hour meter感应式电能表——inductioninduction meter感应式电能表——rev/kWhrev/kWh 或Wh/rev感应式仪表——induction meter钢锉——steel file高压配电网——high voltage distribution network高压输电网——high voltage transmission network工作——operation工作冗余——active redundancy工作时间——operating time工作指示器——operation indicator工作状态——operating state公共交换电话网络——Public Switched Telephone Network （PSTN)功率因数——Power factorfactor功能核查——function check-out供电局公用事业公司——utility估计的…——estimated…固有的…——intrinsic…；inherent…固有能力——capability固有误差——Intrinsic error故障——fault故障产品——faulty item故障定位——fault localization故障定位时间——fault localization time故障分析——fault analysis故障模式、影响与危害度分析——FMECA fault modes，effects and criticality analysis 故障模式——fault mode故障模式与影响分析——FMEA fault modes and effects analysis故障识别——fault recognition故障识别比——fault coverage故障树——fault tree故障树分析——FTA fault tree analysis故障修复——fault correction故障修复时间——fault correction time故障掩盖——fault masking故障裕度/容错——fault tolerance故障诊断——fault diagnosis故障诊断时间——fault diagnosis time关联失效——relevant failure观测数据——observed data管理延迟（对于修复性维修）——andyistrative delay光电通讯口——optical port光纤接入——Optical Access Network（OAN )规定的测量范围——specified measuring range规定的工作范围——specified operating range规定功能——required function规约，通信协议——protocol国际标准化组织标准——ISO Standard国际标准化组织协会—— International Standard OrganizationISO 国际电工委员会——International Electrotechnical CommissionIEC 过流——overcurrennt过压——overvoltage过载——overload杭州百富——Pax杭州海兴—— Hexing杭州炬华——Sunrise杭州西力——Xili杭州西子——Xizi耗损失效期——wear－out failure period河南（深圳）思达——Star河南金雀——Jinque核查时间——check－out time核电站——nuclear power plant恒定失效率期——constant failure rate period恒定失效密度期——constant failure intensity period红外通讯——infrared communication红外掌机——infrared handheld unit后勤延迟——logistic delay互感式仪表——transformer operated meter华立——Holley滑差窗口——slide window滑差时间——sliding window time环境温度——ambient temperature恢复——restoration；recovery恢复前时间——time to restoration；time to recovery火线—— live line机电式电能表——electromechanical meter机械式电度表mechanical watt-hour meter electro-mechanical meter基本的维修作业——elementary maintenance activity基本电流（直接式仪表：Ib）——basic current基本绝缘——basic insulation基本转矩——basic torque基本转速——basic speed基准数据——reference data畸变率——distortion ratio畸变因数——distortion factor极限工作范围——limit range of operation集中抄表系统automatic meter reading（AMR）集中器——concentrator计度器——register计划性维修——scheduled maintenance技术延迟——technical delay继电器——relay加密——encryption加强绝缘——reinforced insulation加速试验——accelerated test尖、峰、谷、平时段——sharp、peak、shoulder、off—peak time consumption 间隙——clearance间歇故障——intermittent fault监测——supervision；monitoring减弱功能的维修——function-degrading maintenance渐变失效；漂移失效——gradual failure；drift failure渐近可用度——A asymptotic availability渐近平均不可用度——U asymptotic mean unavailability渐近平均可用度——A asymptotic mean availability渐近下可用度——U asymptotic unavailability鉴定程序——qualification procedure江苏林洋——Linyang交流电压试验——AC voltage test阶梯费率——step tariff接地故障——earth fault接地故障抗扰度试验——Immunity to earth fault test接线端盖——terminal cover接线端子——basic insulation terminal接线端座——terminal block解密——decryption精度准确度——accuracy静电放电抗扰度试验——Immunity to electrostatic discharge test静电放电试验——electrostatic discharges静止式无功电度表——static var-hour meter静止式仪表——staticstatic meter静止式有功电度表——static watt-hour meter绝对误差——absolute error绝缘——insulation开表盖——meter cover open开端盖——terminal cover open可触及导电部件——accessible conductive part可靠性——reliability可靠性分配——reliability allocation；reliability apportionment可靠性改进——reliability improvement可靠性和维修性保证——reliability and maintainability assurance可靠性和维修性大纲——reliability and maintainability programme 可靠性和维修性管理——reliability and maintainability management 可靠性和维修性计划——reliability and maintainability plan可靠性和维修性监察——reliability and maintainability surveillance 可靠性和维修性控制——reliability and maintainability control可靠性和维修性审计——reliability and maintainability audit可靠性框图——reliability block diagram可靠性模型——reliability model可靠性预计——reliability prediction可靠性增长——reliability growth可设置——configurable可信性——dependability可用时间——up time可用性——availability可用状态——up state空载试验——No--load condition test兰吉尔——Landis & Gyr浪涌抗扰度试验——Immunity to surge test浪涌试验——surge test老化——aging老化房——Aging House老化故障；耗损故障——ageing fault；wearout fault老化失效；耗损失效——ageing failure；wearout failure老练——burn in累积不可用时间——accumulated down time累积时间——accumulated time累计测量值——cumulative measurement两相三线电能表——two phase three wire meter量度——measure零线——null line/neutral line零序阻抗——zero--phase sequence impedance轮显——normal scrolling display码分多址——Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)忙碌状态——busy state美标GB国标——ANSI Standard美国国家标准协会——American National Standards InstituteANSI美国实验室标准——Underwriter Laboratories Inc.UL密码保护——password protection民用仪表——domestic meter模具——mould模块——module耐久性——durability耐久性试验——endurance test能源计量配套规范Companion Specification for Energy Metering(COSEM) 逆相序——reversed phase sequence逆相序试验——Reversed phase sequence test宁波三星Sanxing宁夏宁光——LGG欧盟安全认证——Communate EuroppeneCE欧盟计量器具指令——MID欧洲标准——EN Standard欧洲国际电工委员会标准——IEC Standard爬电距离——creepage distance旁路——bypass配电变压器——distribution transformer配电监测计量终端——transformer terminal unit (TTU)配电控制柜——distribution cabinet配电网络——distribution network配电线路——distribution transmission line平均不可用度——U(t1，t2)mean unavailability平均不可用时间——MDT mean down time平均的…——mean…平均管理延迟——MAD mean andyistrative delay平均后勤延迟——MLD mean logistic delay平均恢复前时间——MTTR mean time to restoration平均可用度——A(t1,t2)mean availability平均可用时间——MUT mean up time平均累积不可用时间——MADT mean accumulated down time平均失效间隔时间——MTBF mean time between failures平均失效间工作时间——MTBF mean operating time between failures平均失效率——λ(t1,t2)mean failure rate平均失效密度——Z(tl，t2) mean failure intensity平均失效前时间——MTTF mean time to failure平均实际修复性维修时间——mean active corrective maintenance time平均首次失效前时间——MTTFF mean time to first failure平均维修人时——mean maintenance man-hours平均温度系数——mean temperature coefficient平均修复率——μ(t1，t2)mean repair rate平均修理时间——MRT mean repair time奇次谐波和次谐波影响试验——Odd harmonics anda sub--harmonics test启动——starting启动试验——Starting condition test潜动——creeping潜在故障——latent fault欠压——under voltage嵌入软件——firmware窃电——tampering轻工业用仪表——light industialindustial meter确定性故障——determinate fault热电厂——heat and power plant热稳定性——thermal stability日本标准协会——Japanese Industial StandardJIS冗余——redundancy弱质故障——weakness fault弱质失效——weakness failure三合一监测计量终端——hyper transformer terminal unit (HTTU)三相GPRS多功能电度表——three phase GPRS multi-function meter三相IC卡式预付费电度表——three phase IC card prepaid meter三相等电位电能表检验装置——three phase equal potential watt hour meter test bench 三相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a three-phase circuit三相电能表——three phase meter三相电能表检验装置——three phase watt hour meter test bench三相电子式电度表——three phase electronic meter三相多费率电度表——three phase multi-tariff meter三相多功能电度表——three phase multi-function meter三相分体式键盘式预付费电度表——three phase split-type keypad prepaid meter三相感应式电度表——three phase inductive meter三相机械式电度表——three phase mechanical meter三相键盘式预付费电度表——three phase keypad prepaid meter三相三线电能表——three phase three wire meter三相三线电网——three--phase three wire network三相四线电能表——three phase four wire meter三相四线电网——three--phase four wire network三相有无功电度表——three phase active & reactive meter三相载波式电度表——three phase PLC meter三相载波式多功能电度表——three phase PLC multi-function meter三相载波式预付费电度表——three phase PLC prepaid meter筛选试验——screening test商用仪表——commercial meter上电——power--on上海金陵——Jinling上位机软件——PC software上限——upper limit上行通道——upstream channel设备名称及测试术语单相电能表检验装置——single phase watt hour meter test bench 设备语言信息规范——Device Language Message specification(DLMS)设计故障——design fault设计评审——design review设计失效——design failure射频传导抗扰度试验——Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by RF fields test 射频电磁场传导干扰试验——conducted disturbances, induced by RF fields射频电磁场试验——radiated RF electromagnetic fields;射频干扰试验——radio interference test射频模块——RF (radio frequency) module深圳长城——Kaifa深圳浩宁达——Haoningda深圳科陆——Clou深圳龙电——Longdian失误——mistake失效——failure失效安全——fail safe失效分析——failure analysis失效机理——failure mechanism失效间隔时间——time between failures失效间工作时间——operating time between failures失效率加速系数——failure rate acceleration factor失效密度加速系数——failure intensity acceleration factor失效前时间——time to failure失效原因——failure cause湿度——humidity时间加速系数——time acceleration factor时间区间——time interval时刻——instant of time实际的修复性维修时间——active corrective maintenance time实际的预防性维修时间——active preventive maintenance time实际维修时间——active maintenance time实时时钟——RTC （real--time clock)实验室试验——laboratory test矢量图——phasor diagram使用的…——operational…使用寿命——useful life事件——event事件记录——event log视在功率——apparent power试验数据——test data室内安装——indoor installation室内仪表——indoor meter室外安装——outdoor installation室外仪表——outdoor meter首次失效前时间——time to first failure受控维修——controlled maintenance售电系统——vending system输出装置——output devices输电网络——transmission network输电线路——transmission line数据报文——data message数据处理单元——data processing unit数据－敏感故障——data-sensitive fault双重绝缘——double insulation水电站——hydropower station瞬间电压跌落——sag瞬间电压升高——swell瞬时不可用度——U(t) instantaneous unavailability瞬时测量值——instantaneous measurement瞬时的…——instantaneous…瞬时可用度——A(t) instantaneous availability瞬时失效率——λ(t) instantaneous failure rate瞬时失效密度——Z(t) instantaneous failure intensity瞬时修复率——μ(t)instantaneous repair rate四象限测量——four--quadrant measurement太阳能发电站——solarsolar energyenergy powerpower station通用电气GE通用无线分组General Packet Radio Service（GPRS)突然失效——sudden failure退化失效——degradation failure外部工频交变磁场——power frequency magnetic fields of external origin 外部恒定磁场试验——continuous magnetic fields of external origin; 外磁场影响——external magnetic affection外推的…——extrapolated…外因不能工作时间——external disabled time；external loss time完全故障；功能阻碍故障——complete fault；function-preventing fault完全失效——complete failure维修保障性——maintenance support performance维修的实体——maintenance entity维修等级——level of maintenance维修度——maintainability维修方针——maintenance policy维修工作——maintenance action；maintenance task维修人时——MMH maintenance man-hours维修时间——maintenance time维修树——maintenance tree维修性——maintainability维修性分配——maintainability allocation；maintainability apportionment 维修性检验——maintainability verification维修性模型——maintainability model维修性验证——maintainability demonstration维修性预计——maintainability prediction维修约定级——indenture level(for maintenance)维修准则——maintenance philosophy维修作业线——maintenance echelon；line of maintenance未检出故障时间——undetected fault time温州长城——CNC温州晨泰——Risesun温州德力西——Delex温州登立——Dengli温州华仪——Huayi温州立新——Lixin温州人民——People Electric温州松夏——Songxia温州天正——T engen温州正泰——Chint纹波控制——ripple control稳态不可用度——steady-state unavailability稳态的…——steady state稳态可用度——steady－state availability无功表——varvar--hourhour meter无功电度表——var-hour meter无功电能（乏一小时）——reactive energy(var-hour)无功功率——reactive power无功功率的方向和符号——directions and sign of reactive power无需求时间——non-required time误操作故障——mishandling fault误操作失效——mishandling failure误差偏移量——error shift误差允许范围——tolerance误用故障——misuse fault误用失效——misuse failure系统性故障——systematic fault系统性失效；重复性失效——systematic failure；reproducible failure下电——power--off下限——low limit下行通道——downstream channel先进计量设施——advanced metering infrastructure（AMI)闲置时间——idle time；free time闲置状态；空闲状态——idle state；free state显示模式——display mode现场试验——field test现场数据——field data现场维修——on-site maintenance；in sits maintenance；field maintenance 线电流——line current线电压——line voltage线损表——lineline lossloss meter相电流——phase current相电压——phase voltage相对误差——relative error效能——effectiveness校表——calibration校表参数——calibration parameter谐波——harmonics谐波表——harmonic meter信号源——signal source型式——type型式检验——type test型式验证程序——type approval procedure修复比——repair coverage修复性维修——corrective maintenance修复性维修时间——corrective maintenance time修改——modification(of an item)修理的产品——repaired item修理时间——repair time需量表——demand meter需量周期——block interval需求时间——required time需要周期——demand interval验证试验——compliance test遥控维修——remote maintenance仪表插座——meter socket仪表常数——meter constant仪表底座——meter base仪表基架——meter frame仪表计度器（计数机构）——register of a meter(counting mechanism)仪表驱动元件——meter driving element仪表型式——meter type仪表制动元件——meter braking element仪表转子——meter rotor仪用互感器——instrument transformer应力分析——stress analysis应力模式——stress model英国标准——BS Standard英国国家标准—— Britain Standard (BS)影响功能的维修——function-affecting maintenance影响量——influence quantity影响量或影响因数——influence quantity or factor影响量试验——Effect of influence quantities test硬件保护——hardware protection由影响量引起的误差改变量——variation of error due to an influence quantity 有功电度表——watt-hour meter有功功率——Active power逾期维修——deferred maintenance预防性维修——preventive maintenance预防性维修时间——preventive maintenance time预付费电度表——prepayment watt-hour meter预付费电能表——prepayment meter预计——prediction预计的…——predicted…灾变失效——cataleptic failure早期失效期——early failure period帐单系统——billing system浙江万胜——Wellsun浙江永泰龙——Yongtailong真实的…——true…振动——vibration正常工作位置——normal working position正常工作位置——normal working position正向电能——import energyenergy正向功率——forward power正序阻抗——positive--phase sequence impedance直接式仪表——direct connected meter直流和偶次谐波影响试验——DC and even harmonics test制造故障——manufacturing fault制造失效——manufacturing failure致命故障——critical fault致命失效——critical failure致使状态——critical state智能电表——smart meter智能电网——smart grid智能集中控制器——centralized supervisory controller中继器——repeaters中压配电网——middle voltage distribution network重复性——Repeatability重要故障——major fault主站——master station贮存和运输条件——storage and transport conditions贮存器——memory状态转移图——state-transition diagram自动抄表管理系统——AMI (advanced metering infrastructure) system 自动抄表管理系统——AMM (automatic meter management) system 自动抄表系统——AMR (automatic meter reading) system自动维修——automatic maintenance自检——self--diagnostics自热影响试验——Self--heating test阻尼振荡波试验——damped oscillatory wave test最大电流*（Imax)——maximum current （Imax)最大容许误差——maximum permissible error最大容许误差偏移——maximum permissible error shift最大需量——MD (maximum demand)最大需量复零装置——maximum demand reset zero unit。

电子类常用缩写中英文对照表：AC(alternating current) 交流(电)A／D(analog to digital) 模拟／数字转换ADC(analog to digital convertor) 模拟／数字转换器ADM(adaptive delta modulation) 自适应增量调制ADPCM(adaptive differential pulse code modulation) 自适应差分脉冲编码调制ALU(arithmetic logic unit) 算术逻辑单元ASCII(American standard code for information interchange) 美国信息交换标准码AV(audio visual) 声视，视听BCD(binary coded decimal) 二进制编码的十进制数BCR(bi-directional controlled rectifier)双向晶闸管BCR(buffer courtier reset) 缓冲计数器BZ(buzzer) 蜂鸣器，蜂音器C(capacitance，capacitor) 电容量，电容器CATV(cable television) 电缆电视CCD(charge-coupled device) 电荷耦合器件CCTV(closed-circuit television) 闭路电视CMOS(plementary) 互补MOSCPU(central processing unit)中央处理单元CS(control signal) 控制信号D(diode) 二极管DAST(direct analog store technology) 直接模拟存储技术DC(direct current) 直流DIP(dual in-line package) 双列直插封装DP(dial pulse) 拨号脉冲DRAM(dynamic random access memory) 动态随机存储器DTL(diode-transistor logic) 二极管晶体管逻辑DUT(device under test) 被测器件DVM(digital voltmeter) 数字电压表ECG(electrocardiograph) 心电图ECL(emitter coupled logic) 射极耦合逻辑EDI(electronic data interchange) 电子数据交换EIA(Electronic Industries Association) 电子工业联合会EOC(end of conversion) 转换完毕EPROM(erasable programmable read only memory) 可擦可编程只读存储器EEPROM(electrically EPROM) 电可擦可编程只读存储器ESD(electro-static discharge) 静电放电FET(field-effect transistor) 场效应晶体管FS(full scale) 满量程F／V(frequency to voltage convertor) 频率／电压转换FM(frequency modulation) 调频FSK(frequency shift keying) 频移键控FSM(field strength meter) 场强计FST(fast switching shyster) 快速晶闸管FT(fixed time) 固定时间FU(fuse unit) 保险丝装置FWD(forward) 正向的GAL(generic array logic) 通用阵列逻辑GND(ground) 接地，地线GTO(Sate turn off thruster) 门极可关断晶体管HART(highway addressable remote transducer) 可寻址远程传感器数据公路HCMOS(high density S) 高密度互补金属氧化物半导体(器件)HF(high frequency) 高频HTL(high threshold logic) 高阈值逻辑电路HTS(heat temperature sensor) 热温度传感器IC(integrated circuit) 集成电路ID(international data) 国际数据IGBT(insulated gate bipolar transistor) 绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGFET(insulated gate field effect transistor) 绝缘栅场效应晶体管I／O(input／output) 输入／输出I／V(current to voltage convertor) 电流-电压变换器IPM(incidental phase modulation) 附带的相位调制IPM(intelligent power module) 智能功率模块IR(infrared radiation) 红外辐射IRQ(interrupt request) 中断请求JFET(junction field effect transistor) 结型场效应晶体管LAS(light activated switch)光敏开关LASCS(light activated silicon controlled switch) 光控可控硅开关LCD(liquid crystal display) 液晶显示器LDR(light dependent resistor) 光敏电阻LED(light emitting diode) 发光二极管LRC(longitudinal redundancy check) 纵向冗余(码)校验LSB(least significant bit) 最低有效位LSI(1arge scale integration) 大规模集成电路M(motor) 电动机MCT(MOS controlled gyrator) 场控晶闸管MIC(microphone) 话筒，微音器，麦克风min(minute) 分MOS(metal oxide semiconductor)金属氧化物半导体MOSFET(metal oxide semiconductor FET) 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管N(negative) 负NMOS(N-channel metal oxide semiconductor FET) N沟道MOSFETNTC(negative temperature coefficient) 负温度系数OC(over current) 过电流OCB(overload circuit breaker) 过载断路器OCS(optical munication system) 光通讯系统OR(type of logic circuit) 或逻辑电路OV(over voltage) 过电压P(pressure) 压力FAM(pulse amplitude modulation) 脉冲幅度调制PC(pulse code) 脉冲码PCM(pulse code modulation) 脉冲编码调制PDM(pulse duration modulation) 脉冲宽度调制PF(power factor) 功率因数PFM(pulse frequency modulation) 脉冲频率调制PG(pulse generator) 脉冲发生器PGM(programmable) 编程信号PI(proportional-integral(controller)) 比例积分(控制器)PID(proportional-integral-differential(controller))比例积分微分(控制器) PIN(positive intrinsic-negative) 光电二极管PIO(parallel input output) 并行输入输出PLD(phase-locked detector) 同相检波PLD(phase-locked discriminator) 锁相解调器PLL(phase-locked loop) 锁相环路PMOS(P-channel metal oxide semiconductor FET) P沟道MOSFETP-P(peak-to-peak) 峰--峰PPM(pulse phase modulation) 脉冲相位洲制PRD(piezoelectric radiation detector) 热电辐射控测器PROM(programmable read only memory) 可编只读程存储器PRT(platinum resistance thermometer) 铂电阻温度计PRT(pulse recurrent time) 脉冲周期时间PUT(programmable unijunction transistor) 可编程单结晶体管PWM(pulse width modulation) 脉宽调制R(resistance，resistor) 电阻，电阻器RAM(random access memory) 随机存储器RCT(reverse conducting thyristor) 逆导晶闸管REF(reference) 参考，基准REV(reverse) 反转R/F(radio frequency) 射频RGB(red／green／blue) 红绿蓝ROM(read only memory) 只读存储器RP(resistance potentiometer) 电位器RST(reset) 复位信号RT(resistor with inherent variability dependent) 热敏电阻RTD(resistance temperature detector) 电阻温度传感器RTL(resistor transistor logic) 电阻晶体管逻辑(电路)RV(resistor with inherent variability dependent on the voltage) 压敏电阻器SA(switching assembly) 开关组件SBS(silicon bi-directional switch) 硅双向开关，双向硅开关SCR(silicon controlled rectifier) 可控硅整流器SCS(safety control switch) 安全控制开关SCS(silicon controlled switch) 可控硅开关SCS(speed control system) 速度控制系统SCS(supply control system) 电源控制系统SG(spark gap) 放电器SIT(static induction transformer) 静电感应晶体管SITH(static induction thyristor) 静电感应晶闸管SP(shift pulse) 移位脉冲SPI(serial peripheral interface) 串行外围接口SR(sample realy，saturable reactor) 取样继电器，饱和电抗器SR(silicon rectifier) 硅整流器SRAM(static random access memory) 静态随机存储器SSR(solid-state relay) 固体继电器SSR(switching select repeater) 中断器开关选择器SSS(silicon symmetrical switch) 硅对称开关，双向可控硅SSW(synchro-switch) 同步开关ST(start) 启动ST(starter) 启动器STB(strobe) 闸门，选通脉冲T(transistor) 晶体管，晶闸管TACH(tachometer) 转速计，转速表TP(temperature probe) 温度传感器TRIAC(triodes AC switch) 三极管交流开关TTL(transistor-transistor logic) 晶体管一晶体管逻辑TV(television) 电视UART(universal asynchronous receiver transmitter) 通用异步收发器VCO(voltage controlled oscillator) 压控振荡器VD(video decoders) 视频译码器VDR(voltage dependent resistor) 压敏电阻VF(video frequency) 视频V／F(voltage-to-frequency) 电压／频率转换V／I(voltage to current convertor) 电压-电流变换器VM(voltmeter) 电压表VS(vacuum switch) 电子开关VT(visual telephone) 电视VT(video terminal) 视频终端电子工程中常见的英文缩写--中英文对照表ADC: Analog-Digital Converter 模-数转换器;A/D转换器AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port 高速图形端口AI: Artificial Intelligence 人工智能AM: Application Module 应用模件APM: Advanced Process Manager 增强型过程管理器ARM: Advanced RISC Machines 既可以认为是一个公司的名字，也可以认为是对一类微处理器的通称，还可以认为是一种技术的名字BCD: Binary-Coded-Decimal 二-十进制代码；8421码CAD: puter Aided Desgin 计算机辅助设计CAM: puter Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CAN: Control Area Network 控制局域网络;LCAN: Controller Area Network Bus 设备间网络系统总线CAT: Coputer Aided Test 计算机辅助测试CD: pel Data 强制数据CDN: Clock Distribution Network 时钟脉冲分配网络CISC: plex Instruction Set puter复杂指令系统计算机CM: Caculate Module 计算模件CMMR: mon-Mode Rejection Ratio共模抑制比COB: Chip On Board 内插器CPLD: plex Programmable Logic Divice复杂可编程逻辑装置CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余校验CSIC: Customers Specified Integrated CircuitsDCS: Distributed Control System 分布式控制；集散控制/TDC；分布式控制〔系统〕DDC: Direcr Digital Control 直接数字控制〔系统〕DDL: Device Description Language 设备描述语言DHW: Data High Way 高速数据通道；数据高速公路；总线DLSAP: Data Link Service Access Point 数据链路服务访问点DAC: Digital-Analog Converter 数-模转换器;D/A转换器DD： Device Description 设备描述DDL: Device Description Language 设备描述语言DRC: Desgin Rule Check 设计规那么检查DSP: Digital Signal Processor 数字信号处理EDA: Electronic Desgin Automation 电子设计自动化EDSP: Embedded Digital Signal Processor嵌入式数字信号处理器EM: Embedded Mirocontroller 嵌入式微控制器EMPU: Embedded Micro Processor Unit 嵌入式微处理器EMU: Embedded Microcontroller Unit 嵌入式微控制器EOC: End Of Convert 转换完毕EOS: Enhanced Operator Station 增强型操作站ES: Expert System 专家系统EWB: Electronic WorkBench 电子工作平台EWB: Engineer Wok Station 工程师工作站FAS: Field Access Sublayer 现场总线访问子层FB: FieldBus 现场总线FBAP： Function Block Application Process功能块应用进程FCS: Fieldbus Control System 现场总线控制〔系统〕FMS: Fieldbus Message Specifiction 现场总线报文规XFIFO: First In First Out 先进先出FET: Field-Efect Tansistor 场効晶体管FF: Fieldbus Foundation 现场总线基金会FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array现场可编程门阵列FSC: Fail Safe Control safety manager故障安全控制管理器FSK: Frequency Shift Keying 频移键控〔通信技术〕GAL: Generic Array Logic 通用阵列逻辑(可重复编程)GLB: Generic Logic Block 通用逻辑块GRP: Global Routing Pool 全局布线区GTO: Gate Turn-off thyristor 可关断晶闸管GTR: Giant Transistor 功率晶体管GUI: Graphical User Interface图形化用户界面GUS: Global User Station 全局用户操作站GW: Gateway 网关HART: Highway Addressable Remote Transducer可寻址远程传感器数据通路通信协议HC: Host puter 主计算机HDL: Hardware Description Language硬件描述语言HM: History Module 历史模件HP: 惠普HPM: High-performace Process Manager高性能过程管理器HTD: High Way Traffic Director 高速通道控制器IC: integrated circuit 集成电路IDE: Intigrated Development Environment集成开发环境IDS: Integrated Distributed System 集成式分散系统IEC: International Electrotechnical mission国际电工委员会IEEE: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers电工和电子工程研究所(美国)IGBT: Insulated Gate Bipolar Tansistor绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGFET: Isolated-Gate Field-Efect Transistor绝缘栅场効晶体管IOC: I/O Cell输入/输出单元IP: Internet Protocol 互联网协议IPC: Industrial Control puter 工控机ISA: Industrial Standard Architecture〔总线〕ISP: In-System Programmable 在系统可编程LAS: Link Active Scheduler 链路活动调度器L: Local Control Network 局部控制网络；CANMAP: Manufactuin Automation Protocol 制造自动化协议MFP: Mlti-Function Processor 多功能处理器MIPS: Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages内部无互锁流水线微处理器MIS: Managerment Information System管理信息系统MOS: Matel Oxide Semiconductor 金属氧化物半导体LCD: Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器LED: Light Emitting Diode 发光二极管LLI: Lower Layer Interface 低层接口LM: Logic Manager 逻辑管理器MAC: Media Access Control 介质访问控制MCU: MicroController Unit 微控制器；单片机；SOC；SCMMDI: Medium Dependent Interface 媒体接口MFCS: Multifunction Field Control Station多功能现场控制站MPU: MiroProcessor Unit 微处理器NM: Network Management 网络管理ORP: Output Routing Pool 输出布线区OCL： Output CapacitorLess 无输出电容OD: Object Dictionary 对象字典OIS: Operater Interface Station 操作员接口站PAL: Programmable Array Logic 可编程阵列逻辑PCI: Peripheral ponent Interconnect外围部件互连(总线)PIN: Plant Infermation Network 工厂信息网络PIU: Process Interface Unit 过程接口单元PLA: Progammable Logic Array 可编程逻辑阵列PLD: Programmable Logic Device 可编程逻辑器件PLS: Physical Si GnallinG 物理信令PMA: Physical Medium Attachment 物理媒体附件PROM: Progammable ROM 可编程只读存储器PT: Pass Token 传递令牌OE: Output Enable 输出允许OLMC: Output Logic Macro Cell 输出逻辑宏单元OTL: Output TransformerLess 无输出变压器PDA: Personal Digital Assistant 个人数字助理PLC: programmable Logic contraller 可编程逻辑控制器RAM: Random AccessMemory 随机存取存储器;读/写存储器RISC: Reduced Instruction Set puter精简指令系统计算机ROM: Read Only Memory 只读存储器SCC: Supervisory puter Contol 计算机监视控制〔系统〕SCM: Single Chip Miroputer 单片微机〔国外〕；单片机〔国内〕；MCU；SOCSM: System Mana Gement 系统管理SMM: System Management Module 系统管理站；系统管理模件SOC: System On a Chip 单片机;MCU；〔单片机地开展经历了SCM、MCU和SOC三个阶段〕SOPC: System On a Programmable Chip 可编程单片机;MCUSPC: Set Point puter Control 给定值控制；SCCTD: Time Distribution 时间发布信息TDC: Total Distributed Control 集散控制；分布式控制；分散式控制/DCS(系统)TG: Tansmission Gate 传输门TTL: Transistor-Transistor Logic 晶体管-晶体管逻辑VCR: Virual munication Relationships 虚拟通信关系VHDL: VHSIC(Very High Speed Integrated Circuit) HDLU: Universal Control Network 通用控制网络US: Universal Station 通用操作站USB: Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线VGA: Video Graphics ArrayDOC.。

电能表专业术语中英文对照精编W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】电能表专业术语中英文对照有功电度表——watt-hour meter静止式有功电度表——static watt-hour meter 多费率电度表——multi-rate meter仪表型式——meter type测量器件——measuring element测试输出——test output工作指示器——operation indicator贮存器——memory非易失贮存器——non-volatile memory显示器——display计度器——register电流线路——current circuit电压线路——voltage circuit辅助线路——auxiliary circuit常数——constant室内仪表——indoor meter室外仪表——outdoor meter表底——base插座——socket表盖——meter cover表壳——meter case可触及导电部件——accessible conductive part保护接地端——protective earth terminal端子座——terminal block端子盖——terminal cover间隙——clearance爬电距离——creepage distance基本绝缘——basic insulation附加绝缘——supplementary insulation双重绝缘——double insulation加强绝缘——reinforced insulationI类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class I II类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class II 参比电流——reference current基本电流*（Ib)——basic current （Ib)额定电流*（In)——rated current （In)最大电流*（Imax)——maximum current （Imax)参比电压*（Un)——reference voltage（Un)参比频率——reference frequency等级指数——class index百分数误差——percentage error影响量——influence quantity参比条件——reference conditions由影响量引起的误差改变量——variation of error due to an influence quantity 畸变因数——distortion factor电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance参比温度——reference temperature平均温度系数——mean temperature coefficient额定工作条件——rated operating conditions规定的测量范围——specified measuring range规定的工作范围——specified operating range极限工作范围——limit range of operation贮存和运输条件——storage and transport conditions正常工作位置——normal working position热稳定性——thermal stability型式试验——type test电度表型号——meter type标准表——reference meter无功功率（乏）——reactive power(var)无功电能（乏一小时）——reactive energy(var-hour)单相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a single-phase circuit 三相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a three-phase circuit无功电度表——var-hour meter静止式无功电度表——static var-hour meter多费率仪表——multi-rate meter无功功率的方向和符号——directions and sign of reactive power测量元件——measuring element输出装置——output devices感应式仪表——induction meter仪表转子——meter rotor仪表驱动元件——meter driving element仪表制动元件——meter braking element仪表计度器（计数机构）——register of a meter(counting mechanism) 仪表底座——meter base仪表插座——meter socket仪表基架——meter frame接线端座——terminal block接线端盖——terminal cover基本转速——basic speed基本转矩——basic torque仪表常数——meter constant绝缘——insulation型式——type型式检验——type test型式验证程序——type approval procedure鉴定程序——qualification procedure影响量或影响因数——influence quantity or factor 垂直工作位置——vertical working position等级指数——class index测量单元——measuring unit数据处理单元——data processing unit多功能电能表——multifunction watthour meter需要周期——demand interval最大需量——maximum demand滑差时间——sliding window time尖、峰、谷、平时段——（sharp、peak、shoulder、off—peak time consumption）额定最大脉冲频率——rated maximum impulse frequency最大需量复零装置——maximum demand reset zero unit辅助电源——auxiliary supply电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance产品——item修理的产品——repaired item不修理的产品——non-repaired item服务——service规定功能——required function时刻——instant of time时间区间——time interval持续时间——time duration累积时间——accumulated time量度——measure工作——operation修改——modification(of an item)效能——effectiveness固有能力——capability耐久性——durability可靠性——reliability维修性——maintainability维修保障性——maintenance support performance可用性——availability可信性——dependability失效——failure致命失效——critical failure非致命失效——non-critical failure误用失效——misuse failure误操作失效——mishandling failure弱质失效——weakness failure设计失效——design failure制造失效——manufacturing failure老化失效；耗损失效——ageing failure；wearout failure 突然失效——sudden failure渐变失效；漂移失效——gradual failure；drift failure 灾变失效——cataleptic failure关联失效——relevant failure非关联失效——non-relevant failure独立失效——primary failure从属失效——secondary failure失效原因——failure cause失效机理——failure mechanism系统性失效；重复性失效——systematic failure；reproducible failure 完全失效——complete failure退化失效——degradation failure部分失效——partial failure故障——fault致命故障——critical fault非致命故障——non-critical fault重要故障——major fault次要故障——minor fault误用故障——minor fault误操作故障——mishandling fault弱质故障——weakness fault设计故障——design fault制造故障——manufacturing fault老化故障；耗损故障——ageing fault；wearout fault程序－敏感故障——programme-sensitive fault数据－敏感故障——data-sensitive fault完全故障；功能阻碍故障——complete fault；function-preventing fault 部分故障——partial fault持久故障——persistent fault间歇故障——intermittent fault确定性故障——determinate fault非确定性故障——indeterminate fault潜在故障——latent fault系统性故障——systematic fault故障模式——fault mode故障产品——faulty item差错——error失误——mistake工作状态——operating state不工作状态——non-operating state待命状态——standby state闲置状态；空闲状态——idle state；free state不能工作状态——disable state；outage处因不能工作状态——external disabled state不可用状态；内因不能工作状态——down state；internal disabled state可用状态——up state忙碌状态——busy state致使状态——critical state维修——maintenance维修准则——maintenance philosophy维修方针——maintenance policy维修作业线——maintenance echelon；line of maintenance维修约定级——indenture level(for maintenance)维修等级——level of maintenance预防性维修——preventive maintenance修复性维修——corrective maintenance受控维修——controlled maintenance计划性维修——scheduled maintenance非计划性维修——unscheduled maintenance现场维修——on-site maintenance；in sits maintenance；field maintenance非现场维修——off-site maintenance遥控维修——remote maintenance自动维修——automatic maintenance逾期维修——deferred maintenance基本的维修作业——elementary maintenance activity 维修工作——maintenance action；maintenance task修理——repair故障识别——fault recognition故障定位——fault localization故障诊断——fault diagnosis故障修复——fault correction功能核查——function check-out恢复——restoration；recovery监测——supervision；monitoring维修的实体——maintenance entity影响功能的维修——function-affecting maintenance妨碍功能的维修——function-preventing maintenance 减弱功能的维修——function-degreding maintenance不影响功能的维修——function-permitting maintenance维修时间——maintenance time维修人时——MMH maintenance man-hours实际维修时间——active maintenance time预防性维修时间——preventive maintenance time修复性维修时间——corrective maintenance time实际的预防性维修时间——active preventive maintenance time 实际的修复性维修时间——active corrective maintenance time 未检出故障时间——undetected fault time管理延迟（对于修复性维修）——administrative delay后勤延迟——logistic delay故障修复时间——fault correction time技术延迟——technical delay核查时间——check－out time故障诊断时间——fault diagnosis time故障定位时间——fault localization time修理时间——repair time工作时间——operating time不工作时间——non—operating time需求时间——required time无需求时间——non-required time待命时间——stand-by time闲置时间——idle time；free time不能工作时间——disabled time不可用时间——down time累积不可用时间——accumulated down time外因不能工作时间——external disabled time；external loss time 可用时间——up time首次失效前时间——time to first failure失效前时间——time to failure失效间隔时间——time between failures失效间工作时间——operating time between failures恢复前时间——time to restoration；time to recovery使用寿命——useful life早期失效期——early failure period恒定失效密度期——constant failure intensity period恒定失效率期——constant failure rate period耗损失效期——wear－out failure period瞬时可用度——A(t) instantaneous availability瞬时不可用度——U(t) instantaneous unavailability平均可用度——A(t1,t2)mean availability平均不可用度——U(t1，t2)mean unavailability渐近可用度——A asymptotic availability稳态可用度——steady－state availability渐近下可用度——U asymptotic unavailability稳态不可用度——steady-state unavailability渐近平均可用度——Aasymptotic mean availability渐近平均不可用度——U asymptotic mean unavailability 平均可用时间——MUT mean up time平均累积不可用时间——MADT mean accumulated down time 可靠度——R(t1，t2)reliability瞬时失效率——λ(t)instantaneous failure rate平均失效率——λ(t1,t2)mean failure rate瞬时失效密度——Z(t) instantaneous failure intensity 平均失效密度——Z(tl，t2) mean failure intensity平均首次失效前时间——MTTFF mean time to first failure 平均失效前时间——MTTF mean time to failure平均失效间隔时间——MTBF mean time between failures平均失效间工作时间——MTBF mean operating time between failures 失效率加速系数——failure rate acceleration factor失效密度加速系数——failure intensity acceleration factor维修度——maintainability瞬时修复率——μ(t)instantaneous repair rate平均修复率——μ(t1，t2)mean repair rate平均维修人时——mean maintenance man-hours平均不可用时间——MDT mean down time平均修理时间——MRT mean repair timeP—分位修理时间——p—fractile repair time平均实际修复性维修时间——mean active corrective maintenance time 平均恢复前时间——MTTRmean time to restoration故障识别比——fault coverage修复比——repair coverage平均管理延迟——MAD mean administrative delayp—分位管理延迟——p-fractile administrative delay平均后勤延迟——MLD mean logistic delayP—分位后勤延迟——P—fractile logistic delay试验——test验证试验——compliance test测定试验——determination test实验室试验——laboratory test现场试验——field test耐久性试验——endurance test?加速试验——accelerated test步进应力试验——step stress test筛选试验——screening test时间加速系数——time acceleration factor维修性检验——maintainability verfication 维修性验证——maintainability demonstration 观测数据——observed data试验数据——test data现场数据——field data基准数据——reference data冗余——redundancy工作冗余——active redundancy备用冗余——standby redundancy失效安全——fail safe故障裕度——fault tolerance故障掩盖——fault masking预计——prediction可靠性模型——reliability model可靠性预计——reliability prediction可靠性分配——reliability allocation；reliability apportionment故障模式与影响分析——FMEA fault modes and effects analysis故障模式、影响与危害度分析——FMECA fault modes，effects and criticality analysis故障树分析——FTA fault tree analysis应力分析——stress analysis可靠性框图——reliability block diagram故障树——fault tree状态转移图——state-transition diagram应力模式——stress madel?故障分析——fault analysis失效分析——failure analysis维修性模型——maintainability model维修性预计——maintainability prediction维修树——maintenance tree维修性分配——maintainability allocation；maintainability apportionment 老练——burn in可靠性增长——reliability growth可靠性改进——reliability improvement可靠性和维修性管理——reliability and maintainability management可靠性和维修性保证——reliability and maintainability assurance可靠性和维修性控制——reliability and maintainability control可靠性和维修性大纲——reliability and maintainability programme可靠性和维修性计划——reliability and maintainability plan可靠性和维修性审计——reliability and maintainability audit可靠性和维修性监察——reliability and maintainability surveillance设计评审——design review真实的…——true…预计的…——predicted…外推的…——extrapolated…估计的…——estimated…固有的…——intrinsic…；inherent…使用的…——operational…平均的…——mean…P-分位…——P-fratile…瞬时的…——instantaneous… 稳态的…——steady state。

智能电表-维修常用专业术语英汉对照V1.0目录引言 (2)电能表维修术语 (3)电能表术语 (5)基本词汇 (6)电能表专业词汇 (8)机械表专业词汇 (9)电子元器件 (10)结构件专业词汇 (10)设备 (11)AMR & AMI (11)AMI软件 (11)引言本手册撷取、整理了智能电表行业大部分专业术语之英汉对照。

专业术语旨在技术支持、售后服务人员，在国际市场上能够在与客户沟通的过程中，应用最科学的描述、最大限度地、最简明的词汇、最易为多数人理解掌握的浓缩词组，进行沟通。

正确的术语可对专业人员起启发与指导作用，而“杜撰术语”常为错误信息的来源之一，产生错误的指导和信号，甚至产生误会，耽误时间，耽误商机。

重视专业术语并非小题大作、咬文嚼字，而是提高与客户进行流畅的技术交流、提升沟通效率，彰显银河表计员工的专业性和高素质。

银河表计客户服务部2014.1.232 智能电表-维修常用专业术语英汉对照3电能表维修术语 产品item修理的产品repaired item 不修理的产品non-repaired item 服务service规定功能required function 时刻instant of time 时间区间time interval 持续时间time duration 累积时间accumulated time 量度measure 工作operation修改modification(of an item) 效能effectiveness 固有能力capability 耐久性durability 可靠性reliability 维修性maintainability维修保障性maintenance support performance 可用性availability 可信性dependability 失效failure致命失效critical failure 非致命失效non-critical failure 误用失效misuse failure 误操作失效mishandling failure 弱质失效weakness failure 设计失效design failure制造失效——manufacturing failure老化失效；耗损失效ageing failure ；wearout failure 突然失效sudden failure渐变失效；漂移失效gradual failure ；drift failure 灾变失效cataleptic failure 关联失效relevant failure 非关联失效non-relevant failure 独立失效primary failure 从属失效secondary failure 失效原因failure cause 失效机理failure mechanism系统性失效；重复性失效systematic failure ；reproducible failure完全失效complete failure 退化失效degradation failure 部分失效partial failure故障fault致命故障critical fault 非致命故障non-critical fault 重要故障major fault 次要故障minor fault 误用故障misuse fault 误操作故障mishandling fault 弱质故障weakness fault 设计故障design fault 制造故障manufacturing fault老化故障；耗损故障ageing fault ；wearout fault 程序－敏感故障programme-sensitive fault 数据－敏感故障data-sensitive fault 完全故障；功能阻碍故障complete fault ；function-preventing fault 部分故障partial fault 持久故障persistent fault 间歇故障intermittent fault 确定性故障determinate fault 非确定性故障indeterminate fault 潜在故障latent fault 系统性故障systematic fault 故障模式fault mode 故障产品faulty item 差错error 失误mistake工作状态operating state 不工作状态non-operating state 待命状态standby state闲置状态；空闲状态idle state ；free state 不能工作状态disable state ；outage 处因不能工作状态external disabled state不可用状态；内因不能工作状态down state ；internal disabled state 可用状态up state 忙碌状态busy state 致使状态critical state 维修maintenance维修准则maintenance philosophy 维修方针maintenance policy维修作业线maintenance echelon ；line of maintenance 维修约定级indenture level(for maintenance) 维修等级level of maintenance 预防性维修preventive maintenance 修复性维修corrective maintenance 受控维修controlled maintenance计划性维修scheduled maintenance非计划性维修unscheduled maintenance现场维修on-site maintenance；in sits maintenance；field maintenance非现场维修off-site maintenance遥控维修remote maintenance自动维修automatic maintenance逾期维修deferred maintenance基本的维修作业elementary maintenance activity维修工作maintenance action；maintenance task修理repair故障识别fault recognition故障定位fault localization故障诊断fault diagnosis故障修复fault correction功能核查function check-out恢复restoration；recovery监测supervision；monitoring维修的实体maintenance entity影响功能的维修function-affecting maintenance妨碍功能的维修function-preventing maintenance减弱功能的维修function-degreding maintenance不影响功能的维修function-permitting maintenance维修时间maintenance time维修人时MMH maintenance man-hours实际维修时间active maintenance time预防性维修时间preventive maintenance time修复性维修时间corrective maintenance time实际的预防性维修时间active preventive maintenance time实际的修复性维修时间active corrective maintenance time未检出故障时间undetected fault time管理延迟（对于修复性维修）andyistrative delay后勤延迟logistic delay故障修复时间fault correction time技术延迟technical delay核查时间check-out time故障诊断时间fault diagnosis time故障定位时间fault localization time修理时间repair time工作时间operating time不工作时间non—operating time需求时间required time无需求时间non-required time待命时间stand-by time 闲置时间idle time；free time不能工作时间disabled time不可用时间down time累积不可用时间accumulated down time外因不能工作时间external disabled time；external loss time可用时间up time首次失效前时间time to first failure失效前时间time to failure失效间隔时间time between failures失效间工作时间operating time between failures恢复前时间time to restoration；time to recovery使用寿命useful life可靠度R(t1，t2)reliability维修度maintainability瞬时修复率μ(t)instantaneous repair rate平均修复率μ(t1，t2)mean repair rate平均维修人时mean maintenance man-hours平均不可用时间MDT mean down time平均修理时间MRT mean repair time试验test验证试验compliance test测定试验determination test实验室试验laboratory test现场试验field test耐久性试验endurance test加速试验accelerated test步进应力试验step stress test筛选试验screening test时间加速系数time acceleration factor维修性检验maintainability verfication维修性验证maintainability demonstration观测数据observed data试验数据test data现场数据field data基准数据reference data冗余redundancy工作冗余active redundancy备用冗余standby redundancy失效安全fail safe故障裕度fault tolerance故障掩盖fault masking预计prediction可靠性预计reliability prediction可靠性分配reliability allocation；reliability apportionment故障模式与影响分析FMEA fault modes and effects4智能电表-维修常用专业术语英汉对照5analysis故障模式、影响与危害度分析FMECA fault modes ，effects and criticality analysis 故障树分析FTA fault tree analysis 应力分析stress analysis可靠性框图reliability block diagram 故障树fault tree 应力模式stress madel 故障分析fault analysis 失效分析failure analysis 维修性模型maintainability model 维修性预计maintainability prediction 维修树maintenance tree维修性分配maintainability allocation ；maintainability apportionment 老练burn in可靠性改进reliability improvement可靠性和维修性管理reliability and maintainability management可靠性和维修性保证reliability and maintainability assurance可靠性和维修性控制reliability and maintainability control 可靠性和维修性大纲reliability and maintainability programme可靠性和维修性计划reliability and maintainability plan 真实的…true… 预计的…predicted… 外推的…extrapolated… 估计的…estimated…固有的…intrinsic…；inherent… 使用的…operational… 平均的…mean… 瞬时的…instantaneous… 稳态的…steady statep电能表术语有功电度表watt-hour meter静止式有功电度表static watt-hour meter 多费率电度表multi-rate meter 仪表型式meter type 测量器件measuring element 测试输出test output工作指示器operation indicator 贮存器memory非易失贮存器non-volatile memory显示屏display 计度器register 电流线路current circuit 电压线路voltage circuit 辅助线路auxiliary circuit 常数constant 室内仪表indoor meter 室外仪表outdoor meter 表底base 插座socket 表盖meter cover 表壳meter case可触及导电部件accessible conductive part 保护接地端protective earth terminal 端子座terminal block 端子盖terminal cover 间隙clearance爬电距离creepage distance 基本绝缘basic insulation附加绝缘supplementary insulation 双重绝缘double insulation 加强绝缘reinforced insulationI 类防护绝缘包封仪表insulating encased meter of protective class III 类防护绝缘包封仪表insulating encased meter of protective class II参比电流reference current 基本电流*（Ib)basic current （Ib) 额定电流*（In)rated current （In)最大电流*（Imax)maximum current （Imax) 参比电压*（Un)reference voltage （Un) 参比频率reference frequency 等级指数class index 百分数误差percentage error 影响量influence quantity 参比条件reference conditions由影响量引起的误差改变量variation of error due to an influence quantity 畸变因数distortion factor电磁骚扰electromagnetic disturbance 参比温度reference temperature平均温度系数mean temperature coefficient 额定工作条件rated operating conditions 规定的测量范围specified measuring range 规定的工作范围specified operating range 极限工作范围limit range of operation贮存和运输条件storage and transport conditions正常工作位置normal working position热稳定性thermal stability型式试验type test电度表型号meter type标准表reference meter无功功率（乏）reactive power(var)无功电能（乏-小时）reactive energy(var-hour)单相电路中无功电能reactive energy in a single-phase circuit三相电路中无功电能reactive energy in a three-phase circuit无功电度表var-hour meter静止式无功电度表static var-hour meter多费率仪表multi-rate meter无功功率的方向和符号directions and sign of reactive power感应式仪表induction meter仪表转子meter rotor仪表驱动元件meter driving element仪表制动元件meter braking element仪表计度器（计数机构）register of a meter(counting mechanism)仪表底座meter base仪表插座meter socket仪表基架meter frame接线端座terminal block接线端盖terminal cover基本转速basic speed基本转矩basic torque仪表常数meter constant绝缘insulation型式type型式检验type test型式验证程序type approval procedure鉴定程序qualification procedure影响量或影响因数influence quantity or factor垂直工作位置vertical working position等级指数class index数据处理单元data processing unit多功能电能表multifunction watthour meter需要周期demand interval最大需量maximum demand滑差时间sliding window time尖、峰、谷、平时段（sharp、peak、shoulder、off—peak time consumption）额定最大脉冲频率rated maximum impulse frequency最大需量复零装置maximum demand reset zero unit辅助电源auxiliary supply电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance基本词汇power system 电力系统power plant 发电厂heat and power plant 热电厂通风管白斑病station 水电站nuclear power plant 核电站wind power station 风能发电站geothermal power station 地热能发电站solar energy power station 太阳能发电站tide energy power station 潮汐能发电站generator 发电机power grid 电网transmission network 输电网络substation/transformer station 变电站(所)transformer 变压器circuit breaker 断路器transmission line 输电线路distribution network 配电网络distribution transformer 配电变压器distribution transmission line 配电线路distribution cabinet 配电控制柜load 电力负荷inductive load 电感性负载conductive load 电容性负载resistive load 电阻性负载utility 供电局公用事业公司electricity meter 电能测量仪表electromechanicaelectromechanical meter 机电式电能表induction meter 感应式电能表static meter 静止式仪表Watt-hour meter 有功电能表var-hour meter 无功表demand meter 需量表malti-tariff meter 分时计量表referrence meter 标准表line loss meter 线损表electronic meter 电子式电能表single phase meter 单相电能表three phase meter 三相电能表6智能电表-维修常用专业术语英汉对照7polyphase meter 多相电能表multi tariff meter, multi-rate meter 多费率电能表 multi-function meter 多功能电能表 (除了计量有功、无功，还有分时和最大需量、数据存储等) harmonic meter 谐波表prepayment meter 预付费电能表single phase two wire meter 单相两线电能表 transmission gridsingle phase three wire meter 单相三线电能表 two phase three wire meter 两相三线电能表 three phase three wire meter 三相三线电能表 three phase four wire meter 三相四线电能表 direct connected meter 直接式仪表 transformer operated meter 互感式仪表 indoor meter 室内仪表 outdoor meter 室外仪表 domestic meter 民用仪表 commercial meter 商用仪表lighlight industial meter 轻工业用仪表 DIN rail meter DIN 标准导轨式仪表 IP rating 防尘防水等级 (ingress protection) IP51 (室内电能表) IP54 (室外电能表)outdoor installation 室外安装 indoor installation 室内安装 measuring element 测量元件 voltage circuit 电压回路 current circuit 电流回路 current sampling 电流采样 voltage sampling 电压采样 instrument transformer 仪用互感器 CT 电流互感器current transformer PT 电压互感器 potential transformer VT 电压互感器voltage transformer shunt （锰铜）分流器 measurement 测量cumulative measurement 累计测量值 instantaneous measurement 瞬时测量值 import energy 正向电能 export energy 反向电能four-quadrant measurement 四象限测量 forward power 正向功率 reverse power 反向功率 meter constant 表常数imp/kWh 或 Wh/imp （电子式电能表）rev/kWh 或 Wh/rev （感应式电能表）MD (maximum demand) 最大需量 block interval 需量周期 slide window 滑差窗口 tariff / rate 费率 flat tariff 单费率 step tariff 阶梯费率tariff under internal control 费率内控 tariff under external control 费率外控 ripple control 纹波控制 reference current 参比电流basic current 基本电流 （直接式仪表：Ib ） rated current 额定电流 （互感式仪表: In ） maximum current 最大电流 reference voltage 参比电压 reference frequency 参比频率rated operating condition 额定工作条件 limit range of operation 极限工作范围 normal working position 正常工作位置Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 电磁兼容性 voltage dips and short interruptions; 电压跌落和短时中断试验electrostatic discharges 静电放电试验radiated RF electromagnetic fields; 射频电磁场试验 electrical fast transients/bursts 电快速瞬变群脉冲抗扰度试验conducted disturbances, induced by RF fields 射频电磁场传导干扰试验 surge test 浪涌试验damped oscillatory wave test 阻尼振荡波试验 power frequency magnetic fields of external origin 外部工频交变磁场 continuous magnetic fields of external origin; 外部恒定磁场试验radio interference test 射频干扰试验 ImmunitImmunity to electrostatic discharge test 静电放电抗扰度试验Immunity to conducted disturbances,induced by RF fields test 射频传导抗扰度试验 Immunity to electrical fasttransients/bursts 电快速群脉冲抗扰度试验 Immunity to surge test 浪涌抗扰度试验 Impulse voltage test 冲击电压试验 AC voltage test 交流电压试验Accuracy at reference conditions 参比条件下的准确度试验Repeatability 重复性Meter constant test 表常数试验Starting condition test 启动试验No-load condition test 空载试验Effect of influence quantities test 影响量试验Reversed phase sequence test 逆相序试验Voltage unbalance test 非对称电压试验Short time overcurrent test 短时过电流试验Self-heating test 自热影响试验Immunity to earth fault test 接地故障抗扰度试验Odd harmonics and sub-harmonics test 奇次谐波和次谐波影响试验DC and even harmonics test 直流和偶次谐波影响试验电能表专业词汇voltage rating 电压等级supertension transmission network 超高压输电网high voltage transmission network 高压输电网high voltage distribution network 高压配电网middle voltage distribution network 中压配电网low voltage distribution network 低压配电网electric energy 电能power quality (analysis) 电网质量(分析)voltage 电压frequency 频率distortion ratio 畸变率Δ-connected system Δ-三角形接线系统Y-connected system Y-星形接线系统three-phase three wire network 三相三线电网three-phase four wire network 三相四线电网live line 火线neutral line/wire 零线line current 线电流phase current 相电流line voltage 线电压phase voltage 相电压balanced three-phase load 对称三相负载unbalanced three-phase load 非对称三相负载active power 有功功率reactive power 无功功率apparent power 视在功率power factor 功率因数load profile 负荷曲线positive-phase sequence impedance 正序阻抗negtive-phase sequence impedance 负序阻抗zero-phase sequence impedance 零序阻抗phasor diagram 矢量图reactance 电抗ISO Standard 国际标准化组织标准IEC Standard 欧洲国际电工委员会标准BS Standard 英国标准EN Standard 欧洲标准DIN Standard 德国标准ANSI Standard 美标GB 国标MID 欧盟计量器具指令class index 等级指数Cl.A,Cl.B,…accuracy 精度准确度precision 精度absolute error 绝对误差relative error 相对误差Intrinsic error 固有误差error shift 误差偏移量maximum permissible error 最大容许误差maximum permissible error shift 最大容许误差偏移tolerance 误差允许范围test output 测试输出COM port 串口optical port 光电通讯口infrared communication 红外通讯RS232 PORTRS485 PORTbaud rate 波特率event 事件event log 事件记录threshold 阀值duration 持续时间upper limit 上限low limit 下限overload 过载asymmetric power 非对称功率bypass 旁路reversed phase sequence 逆相序earth fault 接地故障tampering 窃电anti-tampering 反窃电external magnetic affection 外磁场影响meter cover open 开表盖terminal cover open 开端盖power-on 上电power-off 下电power outage 断电8智能电表-维修常用专业术语英汉对照9overcurrennt 过流 overvoltage 过压 overload 过载 under voltage 欠压 sag 瞬间电压跌落 swell 瞬间电压升高 malfunction 故障trouble-shooting 故障分析 harmonics 谐波 waveform 波形waveform capture 波形捕捉 distortion 变形，失真 peak 峰值 vibration 振动 compensation 补偿ambient temperature 环境温度 humidity 湿度 aging 老化test report 测试报告 firmware 嵌入软件 programm 编程 programmable 可编程 configurable 可设置password protection 密码保护 hardware protection 硬件保护 encryption 加密 decryption 解密 calibration 校表calibration parameter 校表参数 self-diagnostics 自检 display mode 显示模式 normal scrolling display 轮显alternative display (push button display) 按键询显 test mode display 测试模式下显示 latchelatched display 持续显示 LCD (liquid crystal display) 液晶显示器 backlight 背光segment LCD 上显示符号的段 dot matrix 点阵 character 字符（文字） digit 字符（数字） symbol 标志/符号 indicator 指示符号/指示灯 alphanumeric 字符和数字的 integer 整数decimal 小数decimal point 小数点 polarizer film 偏光片ultraviolet resistive 抗紫外线的机械表专业词汇 register 计度器pointer type register 指针式计度器drum type cyclometer register 鼓轮式计度器 direct-reading 直接读数 meter constant 电能表常数 revolution 转圈 upper bearing 上轴承 low bearing 下轴承double jewel bearing 双宝石轴承 gearing 传动装置 detent 制动器 stator 定子 rotor 转子stainless ball 不锈钢珠non-reversible/anti-reverse/backstop 止逆 uni-directional 单向 bi-directional 双向 adjustment 调节full-load adjustment 全载调节 light-load adjustment 轻载调节inductive-load adjustment 电感负载调节 adjusting screw 调节螺钉 clockwise rotation 顺时针转 counterclockwise rotation 逆时针转 anti-dust 防尘 interlock 互锁 电子元器件 component 元器件 resistor 电阻 varistor 压敏电阻 inductor 电感 ferric bead 磁珠common mode choke coil 共模扼流线圈 air core coil 空心线圈surface mounted inductor 贴片电感 toroidal coil 环形电感 magnetic core 磁芯 capacitor 电容electrolytic capacitor 电解电容 diode 二极管LED (light emitting diode) 发光二极管transistor 晶体管infrared receiver 红外接收管infrared transmitter 红外发射管crystal oscillator 晶振optoisolator 光藕microprocessor 单片机integrate circuit 集成电路memory 内存chip 芯片microprocessor 单片机/微处理器MCU Microprocessor Control UnitSOC (system on a chip) solution 单芯片系统方案RTC （real-time clock) 实时时钟register 计度器step motor register 步进电机计度器relay 继电器电子元器件SMT (surface mounting techno lo gy) 表面安装技术DIP 双列直插式组装back-up battery 后备电池lithium battery 锂电池battery replacement 更换电池battery compartment 电池槽recharge 充电PCB 印制线路板(printed circuit board)PCBA 印制线路模块（assembly）counter 计数器switch 开关button 按钮mirco circuit brake 微型断路器switching power supply 开关电源linear power supply 线性电源autotransformer 自耦变压器step-down transformer 降压变压器step-up transformer 升压变压器bridge rectifier 整流桥wire 导线enamelled wire 漆包线soldering tin 焊锡soldering paster 焊锡膏wave-soldering machine 波峰焊机electric iron 电烙铁tweezer 镊子antistatic brush 抗静电刷antistatic coating 抗静电涂料结构件专业词汇mould 模具case/housing 表壳meter cover 表盖meter base 表底terminal 接线端子terminal block 端子座terminal cover 端子盖push button 按纽LCD window LCD 窗口sealing 铅封sealing wire 铅封线relay 继电器switch 开关screw 螺钉coil 线圈disc 圆盘choke 扼流圈plug 插头plug-in module 插入式模块bakelite 胶木glass fiber 玻璃纤维copper 铜brass 黄铜aluminium 铝alloy 合金plating / galvanize 电镀screscrew driver 螺丝刀electrical screw driver 电动螺丝刀torque 扭矩wrench 扳手polycarbonate PC/聚碳酸酯bakelite 胶木glass fiber 玻璃纤维间隙clearance爬电距离creepage distance保护接地端protective earth termianl基本绝缘basic insulation附加绝缘supplementary insulation双重绝缘double insulation螺丝刀screw driver10智能电表-维修常用专业术语英汉对照11电动螺丝刀electrical screw driver 扭矩torque 螺钉头screw head 六边形hexagon 铭牌nameplate 标志marking 黑体bold 条形码barcode 认证标志approval mark CE 标志CE mark 序列号serial number测试连接钩polycarbonate PC test link 爆炸图exploded view 色码color code 设备calibration bench 校表台 site tester 现场测试仪 portable tester 便携测试仪 power amplifier 功放 control panel 控制面板 reference meter 标准表 current source 电流源 voltage source 电压源 signal source 信号源 starting 启动 creeping 潜动current comparator 电流比较器AMR & AMIAMR (automatic meter reading)system 自动抄表系统 AMM (automatic meter management)system 自动抄表管理系统AMI (advanced metering infrastructure) system 自动抄表管理系统billing system 帐单系统 vending system 售电系统 solution 解决方案 master station 主站 data collector 集中器 data collector 采集器 repeaters 中继器RF (radio frequency) module 射频模块PLC （power line carrier) 电力线载波 Ethernet 以太网 module 模块upstream channel 上行通道 downstream channel 下行通道 protocol 通信协议 data message 数据报文 datagramme 数据报文 AMI 软件PC software 上位机软件 protocol 规约 log-in 登陆 log-out 注销 version 版本 user name 用户名 password 密码 read 读出 write 写入meter series number 表号 property number 资产号 billing date 结算日 load profile 负荷曲线 configuration 设置 parameter 参数technical specification 技术规格 graph 图 figure 图表 default 默认 reset 重置，清零DST (daylight saving time) 夏令时 programmable 可编程 configurable 可设置 vector diagram 矢量图模板template 样本catalogue用户手册/操作手册user manual/operation manual 分辨率resolution 屏幕截图screenshot 下拉菜单pull-down menu 弹出式菜单pop-up menu 图标icon 加密encryption 解密decryption材料清单BOM (bill of material)企业资源计划系统ERP (enterprise resource planning)产品数据管理系统PDM12 。

电气常用中英文对照电气常用中英文对照(2010-10-13 11:54:52)转载▼标签：杂谈中文英文综合保护Integrated Protective Device智能显控装置Intelligent Monitor And Control Device微机消谐装置Computer Harmonic Regulation Device带电显示器Live Display温湿度控制器Temperature And Humidity Controller速断过流跳闸Over-Current Instantaneous Trip零序过流跳闸Neutral-Phase Over-Current Trip仪表联锁跳闸Instrumentation Interlock Trip自投合闸压板Automatic Transfer Reclose Switch速断跳闸压板Instantaneous Trip Switch过流跳闸压板Over-Current Trip Switch非电量跳闸压板Non-Electricity Trip Switch零序跳闸压板Neutral-Phase Trip Switch过负荷跳闸压板Overload Trip Switch低电压跳闸压板Low Voltage Trip Switch过压跳闸压板Over-Voltage Trip Switch欠压跳闸压板Under Voltage Trip Switch低压侧后备Low Voltage Automatic Tranfer高压侧后备High-Voltage Automatic Tranfer母联备投跳闸Bus Coupler Automatic Transfer Trip差动保护跳闸Differential Protection Trip电流表Ampere Meter非电量保护压板Non-Electricity Protective Switch电力英语1）元件设备三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器：double-column transformer DblClmnTrans电容器：Capacitor并联电容器：shunt capacitor电抗器：Reactor母线：Busbar输电线：TransmissionLine发电厂：power plant断路器：Breaker刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator分接头：tap电动机：motor（2）状态参数有功：active power无功：reactive power电流：current容量：capacity电压：voltage档位：tap position有功损耗：reactive loss无功损耗：active loss功率因数：power-factor功率：power功角：power-angle电压等级：voltage grade空载损耗：no-load loss铁损：iron loss铜损：copper loss空载电流：no-load current阻抗：impedance正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance电阻：resistor电抗：reactance电导：conductance电纳：susceptance无功负载：reactive load 或者QLoad有功负载: active load PLoad遥测：YC(telemetering)遥信：YX励磁电流(转子电流)：magnetizing current 定子：stator功角：power-angle上限:upper limit下限：lower limit并列的：apposable高压: high voltage低压：low voltage中压：middle voltage电力系统power system发电机generator励磁excitation励磁器excitor电压voltage电流current母线bus变压器transformer升压变压器step-up transformer高压侧high side输电系统power transmission system输电线transmission line固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation 稳定stability电压稳定voltage stability功角稳定angle stability暂态稳定transient stability电厂power plant能量输送power transfer交流AC装机容量installed capacity电网power system落点drop point开关站switch station双回同杆并架double-circuit lines on the same tower 变电站transformer substation补偿度degree of compensation高抗high voltage shunt reactor无功补偿reactive power compensation故障fault调节regulation裕度magin三相故障three phase fault故障切除时间fault clearing time极限切除时间critical clearing time切机generator triping高顶值high limited value强行励磁reinforced excitation线路补偿器LDC(line drop compensation)机端generator terminal静态static (state)动态dynamic (state)单机无穷大系统one machine - infinity bus system机端电压控制AVR电抗reactance电阻resistance功角power angle有功（功率）active power无功（功率）reactive power 功率因数power factor无功电流reactive current下降特性droop characteristics 斜率slope额定rating变比ratio参考值reference value电压互感器PT分接头tap下降率droop rate仿真分析simulation analysis传递函数transfer function框图block diagram受端receive-side裕度margin同步synchronization失去同步loss of synchronization 阻尼damping摇摆swing保护断路器circuit breaker电阻：resistance电抗：reactance阻抗：impedance电导：conductance电纳：susceptance导纳：admittance电感：inductance电容: capacitance。

Post payment: 后付费Phase line: 火线Neutral line: 中线Quadrant象限Chassis intrusion开盖检测Remote reading远程抄表Capacitive 容性Inductive 感性Earth: 地线Encryption 加密Lightning shielding避雷Direct connected: 直接接入CT connected: 互感式接入Rated voltage 额定电压Rated current 额定电流Continuous over current: 持续过电流Starting current:启动电流Rated frequency: 额定频率Power factor(PF) 功率因素Class index 精度等级Real time clock 实时时钟Instantaneous load 瞬时负载Power consumption 功耗Harmonic energy 谐波电能Power limit 功率限额Load disconnection 负载断开Latching relay 磁保护继电器Duplex 多交线Terminal cover端子盖Terminal 接线端子Terminal block端子盒Connection diagram 线路图Insulation level 绝缘等级Power frequency test 功频测试Impulse withstand test冲击耐压测试Pulse output脉冲输出Zero clearing清零Programmable 可编程的Semi-production line半自动生产线Assembly line生产流水线Protection against magnetic field防磁场AC alternating current 交流电DC direct current 直流电Name plate 标牌Meter serial number 表序列号Meter constant表常数Over-current breakingcapacity过电流的分断能力Fraud & Tamper 篡改Optical interface 光端口(红外)Electromagneticcompatibility 电磁兼容性Electrostatic discharges 静放电Running with no load无负载运行Switch open and close count开关量Emergency credit透支电量Tariff 费率HHU hand held unit掌机Human machine interface人机界面Remaining credit 剩余电量Liquid crystal Display LCD液晶显示屏LED 指示灯Recharge amount充值金额Sanctioned load批准负载Step tariff 阶梯电价Multi tariff 多费率Active energy 有功电能Reactive energy 无功电能Demand 需量Maximum demand最大需量Routine and type test型式测试Rain & dust tightness test 淋喷，防尘测试Salt spray test盐雾测试DC immunity test抗直流测试Test for radio frequencyinterference无线传导骚扰测试Test for influence of highmagnetic field 强磁场干扰测试Surge/impulse voltageimmunity抗浪涌/冲击电压Power failure 断电Voltage circuit 电压回路Current circuit电流回路Apparent power视在功率Backlit背光7 segment LCD 7 分段LCDContinue to register activeenergy accurately even whenthe supply and loadconnections have beenreversed反向连接，正向计量Infrared红外Carrier wave载波RS485 & RS232Transformer变压器CT current transformer电流互感器Sensor传感器Breaker 断路器Baud Rate波特率Lag阻性Lead感性R. Y. B =红线，黄线，蓝线Phase sequence reversal反相序Inst.=instantaneous 瞬时Protocol协议Non-Volatile Memory非易失性内存器Din rail 导轨式Socket type 插口式（圆盘）load profile负载曲线Events Logging 事件记录MBus=Meter bus仪表总线Radio Frequency （RF）射频BOM bill of material物料清单Battery backup后备电池The infrared dataassociation红外数据协会Jumper跳线time synchronization 时间同步virgin material纯料recycled material回料Voltage dependence电压依赖性ultrasonic welding超声波焊接short circuit短路overload过载UIU user interface unit用户操作单元MCU计量和控制单元PLC power line carrier电力线载波Split-type分体式Keypad 键盘AMR automatic meter reading 自动抄表系统AMI advanced metering infrastructure先进计量设施Grid 电网CDMA code division multiple access码分多址GPRS general packet radio service 通用无线分组STS standard transfer specification 标准传输规范Single phase watt hour meter test bench单相电能表检验装置Zigbee短距离无线网络PSTN public switched telephone network 公共交换电话网络Watt hour meter demagnetization device 电能表退磁装置Ultrasonic cleaning machine 超声波清洗机Aging house 老化房Numerical control test bench 数控测试台Fast transient burst test equipment快速脉冲群测试设备Lithium battery锂电池Anti-UV防紫外线AMP，current by phase每相电流Test of influence quantities 影响量试验Voltage variation电压影响试验Voltage dropping interrupt test device电压中断测试设备Ambient temperature variation环境温度影响试验Shock test冲击试验Vibration test 振动试验Spring hammer test弹簧锤试验Limit of error test基本误差试验Heating test温升试验EMC 电磁兼容性试验Initial star-up test 初始启动SMT machine 贴片机Weld焊接后焊 after weldingWave soldering波峰焊Plug-in插件Trimming machine剪脚机Aging 老化Debug调试General test总检Sampling 采样Sampling test抽检Running 走字Function test 功能测试plate电镀accuracy test精密度测试procedure流程monitoring监测dust-free operation无尘化作业quality analysis质量分析routing inspection日常检查fault故障fault correction故障修复reference current参比电流active loss有功损耗no-load current空载电流over load current过载电流upper limit上限lower limit下限power system电力系统installed capacity装机容量static state静态dynamic state 动态component元件circuit diagram电路图polyphase多相carrier载波bidirectionary circuit双向电路unidirectional circuit单相电路digital signal数字信号time-billing分时计费sharp尖peak峰shoulder平off谷demand interval 需要周期auxiliary supply辅助电源electromagnetic disturbance电磁干扰time interval时间区间time duration持续时间forward direction正向opposite direction反向energy metering电能计量rated/nominated额定的interface 界面creepage distance爬电距离capacitor电容安规电容polyester capacitorElectrolytic capacitor电解电容Inductor电感diode二极管transistor三极管reed switch干簧管magnetic shielding磁屏蔽resistor电阻chip芯片nixie tube 数码管oscillator 晶振wire 线材bolt cap螺母seal铅封terminal pole端子孔rotation转轮bearing轴承ball bearing滚珠轴承current coil电流线圈short terminal cover短尾盖long front terminal blockcover长尾盖plastic ring橡皮圈seal line铅封圈flat washer平垫圈spring washer弹簧垫圈plastic casing塑套管pothook 挂钩gland密封垫。

电能表专业术语中英文对照标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]电能表专业术语中英文对照有功电度表——watt-hour meter静止式有功电度表——static watt-hour meter 多费率电度表——multi-rate meter仪表型式——meter type测量器件——measuring element测试输出——test output工作指示器——operation indicator贮存器——memory非易失贮存器——non-volatile memory显示器——display计度器——register电流线路——current circuit电压线路——voltage circuit辅助线路——auxiliary circuit常数——constant室内仪表——indoor meter室外仪表——outdoor meter表底——base插座——socket表盖——meter cover表壳——meter case可触及导电部件——accessible conductive part保护接地端——protective earth terminal端子座——terminal block端子盖——terminal cover间隙——clearance爬电距离——creepage distance基本绝缘——basic insulation附加绝缘——supplementary insulation双重绝缘——double insulation加强绝缘——reinforced insulationI类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class I II类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class II 参比电流——reference current基本电流*（Ib)——basic current （Ib)额定电流*（In)——rated current （In)最大电流*（Imax)——maximum current （Imax)参比电压*（Un)——reference voltage（Un)参比频率——reference frequency等级指数——class index百分数误差——percentage error影响量——influence quantity参比条件——reference conditions由影响量引起的误差改变量——variation of error due to an influence quantity 畸变因数——distortion factor电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance参比温度——reference temperature平均温度系数——mean temperature coefficient额定工作条件——rated operating conditions规定的测量范围——specified measuring range规定的工作范围——specified operating range极限工作范围——limit range of operation贮存和运输条件——storage and transport conditions正常工作位置——normal working position热稳定性——thermal stability型式试验——type test电度表型号——meter type标准表——reference meter无功功率（乏）——reactive power(var)无功电能（乏一小时）——reactive energy(var-hour)单相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a single-phase circuit 三相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a three-phase circuit 无功电度表——var-hour meter静止式无功电度表——static var-hour meter多费率仪表——multi-rate meter无功功率的方向和符号——directions and sign of reactive power 测量元件——measuring element输出装置——output devices感应式仪表——induction meter仪表转子——meter rotor仪表驱动元件——meter driving element仪表制动元件——meter braking element仪表计度器（计数机构）——register of a meter(counting mechanism) 仪表底座——meter base仪表插座——meter socket仪表基架——meter frame接线端座——terminal block接线端盖——terminal cover基本转速——basic speed基本转矩——basic torque仪表常数——meter constant绝缘——insulation型式——type型式检验——type test型式验证程序——type approval procedure鉴定程序——qualification procedure影响量或影响因数——influence quantity or factor垂直工作位置——vertical working position等级指数——class index测量单元——measuring unit数据处理单元——data processing unit多功能电能表——multifunction watthour meter需要周期——demand interval最大需量——maximum demand滑差时间——sliding window time尖、峰、谷、平时段——（sharp、peak、shoulder、off—peak time consumption）额定最大脉冲频率——rated maximum impulse frequency最大需量复零装置——maximum demand reset zero unit辅助电源——auxiliary supply电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance产品——item修理的产品——repaired item不修理的产品——non-repaired item服务——service规定功能——required function时刻——instant of time时间区间——time interval持续时间——time duration累积时间——accumulated time量度——measure工作——operation修改——modification(of an item)效能——effectiveness固有能力——capability耐久性——durability可靠性——reliability维修性——maintainability维修保障性——maintenance support performance 可用性——availability可信性——dependability失效——failure致命失效——critical failure非致命失效——non-critical failure误用失效——misuse failure误操作失效——mishandling failure弱质失效——weakness failure设计失效——design failure制造失效——manufacturing failure老化失效；耗损失效——ageing failure；wearout failure突然失效——sudden failure渐变失效；漂移失效——gradual failure；drift failure灾变失效——cataleptic failure关联失效——relevant failure非关联失效——non-relevant failure独立失效——primary failure从属失效——secondary failure失效原因——failure cause失效机理——failure mechanism系统性失效；重复性失效——systematic failure；reproducible failure 完全失效——complete failure退化失效——degradation failure部分失效——partial failure故障——fault致命故障——critical fault非致命故障——non-critical fault重要故障——major fault次要故障——minor fault误用故障——minor fault误操作故障——mishandling fault弱质故障——weakness fault设计故障——design fault制造故障——manufacturing fault老化故障；耗损故障——ageing fault；wearout fault程序－敏感故障——programme-sensitive fault数据－敏感故障——data-sensitive fault完全故障；功能阻碍故障——complete fault；function-preventing fault 部分故障——partial fault持久故障——persistent fault间歇故障——intermittent fault确定性故障——determinate fault非确定性故障——indeterminate fault潜在故障——latent fault系统性故障——systematic fault故障模式——fault mode故障产品——faulty item差错——error失误——mistake工作状态——operating state不工作状态——non-operating state待命状态——standby state闲置状态；空闲状态——idle state；free state不能工作状态——disable state；outage处因不能工作状态——external disabled state不可用状态；内因不能工作状态——down state；internal disabled state 可用状态——up state忙碌状态——busy state致使状态——critical state维修——maintenance维修准则——maintenance philosophy维修方针——maintenance policy维修作业线——maintenance echelon；line of maintenance维修约定级——indenture level(for maintenance)维修等级——level of maintenance预防性维修——preventive maintenance修复性维修——corrective maintenance受控维修——controlled maintenance计划性维修——scheduled maintenance非计划性维修——unscheduled maintenance现场维修——on-site maintenance；in sits maintenance；field maintenance 非现场维修——off-site maintenance遥控维修——remote maintenance自动维修——automatic maintenance逾期维修——deferred maintenance基本的维修作业——elementary maintenance activity维修工作——maintenance action；maintenance task修理——repair故障识别——fault recognition故障定位——fault localization故障诊断——fault diagnosis故障修复——fault correction功能核查——function check-out恢复——restoration；recovery监测——supervision；monitoring维修的实体——maintenance entity影响功能的维修——function-affecting maintenance妨碍功能的维修——function-preventing maintenance减弱功能的维修——function-degreding maintenance不影响功能的维修——function-permitting maintenance维修时间——maintenance time维修人时——MMH maintenance man-hours实际维修时间——active maintenance time预防性维修时间——preventive maintenance time修复性维修时间——corrective maintenance time实际的预防性维修时间——active preventive maintenance time 实际的修复性维修时间——active corrective maintenance time未检出故障时间——undetected fault time管理延迟（对于修复性维修）——administrative delay 后勤延迟——logistic delay故障修复时间——fault correction time技术延迟——technical delay核查时间——check－out time故障诊断时间——fault diagnosis time故障定位时间——fault localization time修理时间——repair time工作时间——operating time不工作时间——non—operating time需求时间——required time无需求时间——non-required time待命时间——stand-by time闲置时间——idle time；free time不能工作时间——disabled time不可用时间——down time累积不可用时间——accumulated down time外因不能工作时间——external disabled time；external loss time 可用时间——up time首次失效前时间——time to first failure失效前时间——time to failure失效间隔时间——time between failures失效间工作时间——operating time between failures恢复前时间——time to restoration；time to recovery使用寿命——useful life早期失效期——early failure period恒定失效密度期——constant failure intensity period恒定失效率期——constant failure rate period耗损失效期——wear－out failure period瞬时可用度——A(t) instantaneous availability瞬时不可用度——U(t) instantaneous unavailability平均可用度——A(t1,t2)mean availability平均不可用度——U(t1，t2)mean unavailability渐近可用度——A asymptotic availability稳态可用度——steady－state availability渐近下可用度——U asymptotic unavailability稳态不可用度——steady-state unavailability渐近平均可用度——Aasymptotic mean availability渐近平均不可用度——U asymptotic mean unavailability平均可用时间——MUT mean up time平均累积不可用时间——MADT mean accumulated down time可靠度——R(t1，t2)reliability瞬时失效率——λ(t)instantaneous failure rate平均失效率——λ(t1,t2)mean failure rate瞬时失效密度——Z(t) instantaneous failure intensity平均失效密度——Z(tl，t2) mean failure intensity平均首次失效前时间——MTTFF mean time to first failure平均失效前时间——MTTF mean time to failure平均失效间隔时间——MTBF mean time between failures平均失效间工作时间——MTBF mean operating time between failures 失效率加速系数——failure rate acceleration factor失效密度加速系数——failure intensity acceleration factor维修度——maintainability瞬时修复率——μ(t)instantaneous repair r ate平均修复率——μ(t1，t2)mean repair rate平均维修人时——mean maintenance man-hours平均不可用时间——MDT mean down time平均修理时间——MRT mean repair timeP—分位修理时间——p—fractile repair time平均实际修复性维修时间——mean active corrective maintenance time 平均恢复前时间——MTTRmean time to restoration故障识别比——fault coverage修复比——repair coverage平均管理延迟——MAD mean administrative delayp—分位管理延迟——p-fractile administrative delay平均后勤延迟——MLD mean logistic delayP—分位后勤延迟——P—fractile logistic delay试验——test验证试验——compliance test测定试验——determination test实验室试验——laboratory test现场试验——field test耐久性试验——endurance test加速试验——accelerated test步进应力试验——step stress test筛选试验——screening test时间加速系数——time acceleration factor维修性检验——maintainability verfication 维修性验证——maintainability demonstration 观测数据——observed data试验数据——test data现场数据——field data基准数据——reference data冗余——redundancy工作冗余——active redundancy备用冗余——standby redundancy失效安全——fail safe故障裕度——fault tolerance故障掩盖——fault masking预计——prediction可靠性模型——reliability model可靠性预计——reliability prediction可靠性分配——reliability allocation；reliability apportionment故障模式与影响分析——FMEA fault modes and effects analysis故障模式、影响与危害度分析——FMECA fault modes，effects and criticality analysis故障树分析——FTA fault tree analysis应力分析——stress analysis可靠性框图——reliability block diagram故障树——fault tree状态转移图——state-transition diagram应力模式——stress madel故障分析——fault analysis 失效分析——failure analysis 维修性模型——maintainability model 维修性预计——maintainability prediction 维修树——maintenance tree 维修性分配——maintainability allocation；maintainability apportionment 老练——burn in 可靠性增长——reliability growth 可靠性改进——reliability improvement 可靠性和维修性管理——reliability and maintainability management 可靠性和维修性保证——reliability and maintainability assurance 可靠性和维修性控制——reliability and maintainability control 可靠性和维修性大纲——reliability and maintainability programme 可靠性和维修性计划——reliability and maintainability plan 可靠性和维修性审计——reliability andmaintainability audit 可靠性和维修性监察——reliability and maintainability surveillance 设计评审——design review 真实的…——true… 预计的…——predicted… 外推的…——extrapolated… 估计的…——estimated… 固有的…——intrinsic…；inherent… 使用的…——operational… 平均的…——mean… P-分位…——P-fratile… 瞬时的…——instantaneous… 稳态的…——steady state。

电能表专业术语中英文对照有功电度表——watt-hour meter静止式有功电度表——static watt-hour meter多费率电度表——multi-rate meter仪表型式——meter type测量器件——measuring element测试输出——test output工作指示器——operation indicator贮存器——memory非易失贮存器——non-volatile memory显示器——display计度器——register电流线路——current circuit电压线路——voltage circuit辅助线路——auxiliary circuit常数——constant室内仪表——indoor meter室外仪表——outdoor meter表底——base插座——socket表盖——meter cover表壳——meter case可触及导电部件——accessible conductive part保护接地端——protective earth terminal端子座——terminal block端子盖——terminal cover间隙——clearance爬电距离——creepage distance基本绝缘——basic insulation附加绝缘——supplementary insulation双重绝缘——double insulation加强绝缘——reinforced insulationI类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class I II类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class II 参比电流——reference current基本电流*（Ib)——basic current （Ib)额定电流*（In)——rated current （In)最大电流*（Imax)——maximum current （Imax)参比电压*（Un)——reference voltage（Un)参比频率——reference frequency等级指数——class index百分数误差——percentage error影响量——influence quantity参比条件——reference conditions由影响量引起的误差改变量——variation of error due to an influence quantity 畸变因数——distortion factor电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance参比温度——reference temperature平均温度系数——mean temperature coefficient额定工作条件——rated operating conditions规定的测量范围——specified measuring range规定的工作范围——specified operating range极限工作范围——limit range of operation贮存和运输条件——storage and transport conditions正常工作位置——normal working position热稳定性——thermal stability型式试验——type test电度表型号——meter type标准表——reference meter无功功率（乏）——reactive power(var)无功电能（乏一小时）——reactive energy(var-hour)单相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a single-phase circuit三相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a three-phase circuit无功电度表——var-hour meter静止式无功电度表——static var-hour meter多费率仪表——multi-rate meter无功功率的方向和符号——directions and sign of reactive power测量元件——measuring element输出装置——output devices感应式仪表——induction meter仪表转子——meter rotor仪表驱动元件——meter driving element仪表制动元件——meter braking element仪表计度器（计数机构）——register of a meter(counting mechanism)仪表底座——meter base仪表插座——meter socket仪表基架——meter frame接线端座——terminal block接线端盖——terminal cover基本转速——basic speed基本转矩——basic torque仪表常数——meter constant绝缘——insulation型式——type型式检验——type test型式验证程序——type approval procedure鉴定程序——qualification procedure影响量或影响因数——influence quantity or factor垂直工作位置——vertical working position等级指数——class index测量单元——measuring unit数据处理单元——data processing unit多功能电能表——multifunction watthour meter需要周期——demand interval最大需量——maximum demand滑差时间——sliding window time尖、峰、谷、平时段——（sharp、peak、shoulder、off—peak time consumption）额定最大脉冲频率——rated maximum impulse frequency最大需量复零装置——maximum demand reset zero unit辅助电源——auxiliary supply电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance产品——item修理的产品——repaired item不修理的产品——non-repaired item服务——service规定功能——required function时刻——instant of time时间区间——time interval持续时间——time duration累积时间——accumulated time量度——measure工作——operation修改——modification(of an item)效能——effectiveness固有能力——capability耐久性——durability可靠性——reliability维修性——maintainability维修保障性——maintenance support performance可用性——availability可信性——dependability失效——failure致命失效——critical failure非致命失效——non-critical failure误用失效——misuse failure误操作失效——mishandling failure弱质失效——weakness failure设计失效——design failure制造失效——manufacturing failure老化失效；耗损失效——ageing failure；wearout failure突然失效——sudden failure渐变失效；漂移失效——gradual failure；drift failure灾变失效——cataleptic failure关联失效——relevant failure非关联失效——non-relevant failure独立失效——primary failure从属失效——secondary failure失效原因——failure cause失效机理——failure mechanism系统性失效；重复性失效——systematic failure；reproducible failure 完全失效——complete failure退化失效——degradation failure部分失效——partial failure故障——fault致命故障——critical fault非致命故障——non-critical fault重要故障——major fault次要故障——minor fault误用故障——minor fault误操作故障——mishandling fault弱质故障——weakness fault设计故障——design fault制造故障——manufacturing fault老化故障；耗损故障——ageing fault；wearout fault程序－敏感故障——programme-sensitive fault数据－敏感故障——data-sensitive fault完全故障；功能阻碍故障——complete fault；function-preventing fault 部分故障——partial fault持久故障——persistent fault间歇故障——intermittent fault确定性故障——determinate fault非确定性故障——indeterminate fault潜在故障——latent fault系统性故障——systematic fault故障模式——fault mode故障产品——faulty item差错——error失误——mistake工作状态——operating state不工作状态——non-operating state待命状态——standby state闲置状态；空闲状态——idle state；free state不能工作状态——disable state；outage处因不能工作状态——external disabled state不可用状态；内因不能工作状态——down state；internal disabled state 可用状态——up state忙碌状态——busy state致使状态——critical state维修——maintenance维修准则——maintenance philosophy维修方针——maintenance policy维修作业线——maintenance echelon；line of maintenance维修约定级——indenture level(for maintenance)维修等级——level of maintenance预防性维修——preventive maintenance修复性维修——corrective maintenance受控维修——controlled maintenance计划性维修——scheduled maintenance非计划性维修——unscheduled maintenance现场维修——on-site maintenance；in sits maintenance；field maintenance 非现场维修——off-site maintenance遥控维修——remote maintenance自动维修——automatic maintenance逾期维修——deferred maintenance基本的维修作业——elementary maintenance activity维修工作——maintenance action；maintenance task修理——repair故障识别——fault recognition故障定位——fault localization故障诊断——fault diagnosis故障修复——fault correction功能核查——function check-out恢复——restoration；recovery监测——supervision；monitoring维修的实体——maintenance entity影响功能的维修——function-affecting maintenance妨碍功能的维修——function-preventing maintenance减弱功能的维修——function-degreding maintenance不影响功能的维修——function-permitting maintenance维修时间——maintenance time维修人时——MMH maintenance man-hours实际维修时间——active maintenance time预防性维修时间——preventive maintenance time修复性维修时间——corrective maintenance time实际的预防性维修时间——active preventive maintenance time实际的修复性维修时间——active corrective maintenance time未检出故障时间——undetected fault time管理延迟（对于修复性维修）——administrative delay后勤延迟——logistic delay故障修复时间——fault correction time技术延迟——technical delay核查时间——check－out time故障诊断时间——fault diagnosis time故障定位时间——fault localization time修理时间——repair time工作时间——operating time不工作时间——non—operating time需求时间——required time无需求时间——non-required time待命时间——stand-by time闲置时间——idle time；free time不能工作时间——disabled time不可用时间——down time累积不可用时间——accumulated down time外因不能工作时间——external disabled time；external loss time 可用时间——up time首次失效前时间——time to first failure失效前时间——time to failure失效间隔时间——time between failures失效间工作时间——operating time between failures恢复前时间——time to restoration；time to recovery使用寿命——useful life早期失效期——early failure period恒定失效密度期——constant failure intensity period恒定失效率期——constant failure rate period耗损失效期——wear－out failure period瞬时可用度——A(t) instantaneous availability瞬时不可用度——U(t) instantaneous unavailability平均可用度——A(t1,t2)mean availability平均不可用度——U(t1，t2)mean unavailability渐近可用度——A asymptotic availability稳态可用度——steady－state availability渐近下可用度——U asymptotic unavailability稳态不可用度——steady-state unavailability渐近平均可用度——A asymptotic mean availability渐近平均不可用度——U asymptotic mean unavailability平均可用时间——MUT mean up time平均累积不可用时间——MADT mean accumulated down time可靠度——R(t1，t2)reliability瞬时失效率——λ(t)instantaneous failure rate平均失效率——λ(t1,t2)mean failure rate瞬时失效密度——Z(t) instantaneous failure intensity平均失效密度——Z(tl，t2) mean failure intensity平均首次失效前时间——MTTFF mean time to first failure平均失效前时间——MTTF mean time to failure平均失效间隔时间——MTBF mean time between failures平均失效间工作时间——MTBF mean operating time between failures 失效率加速系数——failure rate acceleration factor失效密度加速系数——failure intensity acceleration factor维修度——maintainability瞬时修复率——μ(t)instantaneous repair rate平均修复率——μ(t1，t2)mean repair rate平均维修人时——mean maintenance man-hours平均不可用时间——MDT mean down time平均修理时间——MRT mean repair timeP—分位修理时间——p—fractile repair time平均实际修复性维修时间——mean active corrective maintenance time 平均恢复前时间——MTTR mean time to restoration故障识别比——fault coverage修复比——repair coverage平均管理延迟——MAD mean administrative delayp—分位管理延迟——p-fractile administrative delay平均后勤延迟——MLD mean logistic delayP—分位后勤延迟——P—fractile logistic delay试验——test验证试验——compliance test测定试验——determination test实验室试验——laboratory test现场试验——field test耐久性试验——endurance test加速试验——accelerated test步进应力试验——step stress test筛选试验——screening test时间加速系数——time acceleration factor维修性检验——maintainability verfication维修性验证——maintainability demonstration观测数据——observed data试验数据——test data现场数据——field data基准数据——reference data冗余——redundancy工作冗余——active redundancy备用冗余——standby redundancy失效安全——fail safe故障裕度——fault tolerance故障掩盖——fault masking预计——prediction可靠性模型——reliability model可靠性预计——reliability prediction可靠性分配——reliability allocation；reliability apportionment故障模式与影响分析——FMEA fault modes and effects analysis故障模式、影响与危害度分析——FMECA fault modes，effects and criticality analysis 故障树分析——FTA fault tree analysis应力分析——stress analysis可靠性框图——reliability block diagram故障树——fault tree状态转移图——state-transition diagram应力模式——stress madel故障分析——fault analysis失效分析——failure analysis维修性模型——maintainability model维修性预计——maintainability prediction维修树——maintenance tree维修性分配——maintainability allocation；maintainability apportionment 老练——burn in可靠性增长——reliability growth可靠性改进——reliability improvement可靠性和维修性管理——reliability and maintainability management可靠性和维修性保证——reliability and maintainability assurance可靠性和维修性控制——reliability and maintainability control可靠性和维修性大纲——reliability and maintainability programme可靠性和维修性计划——reliability and maintainability plan可靠性和维修性审计——reliability and maintainability audit可靠性和维修性监察——reliability and maintainability surveillance设计评审——design review真实的…——true…预计的…——predicted…外推的…——extrapolated…估计的…——estimated…固有的…——intrinsic…；inherent…使用的…——operationa l…平均的…——mean…P-分位…——P-fratile…瞬时的…——instantaneous…稳态的…——steady state。

III. THE DESIGH OF HARDWARE CIRCUITA.Electrical en ergy measureme ntThe three-phase electrical en ergy measureme nt is realized by the low con sume CMOS chipAD7752 of ADI compa ny. The in side of AD7752 adopts digital circuit besides ADC, filter and multiplication circuit which can eliminate noises effectively. The sampli ng course of voltage and electric curre nt in three-phase AC power supply loop is shown in figure 2 in which IA stands for voltage sampling of A phase. The sampling circuits of B phase and C phase are similar to A phase. The power after in tegral is transformed to electrical pulse for output. The pulse of fan-out CF enters into in terreg num INT0 of AT89LV52 through photoelectricity in sulation 4N25. CPU measures the electrical en ergy [4]. We adjust the pulse nu mber of CF by comb ining the state of S1 and S2. The conn ecti on of electrical en ergy and pulse is W = M C .In which, W is the electrical energy with the unit of kilowatt-hour, M is the total pulse number,in consumption clock chip that supports I2C Bus. It sets the clock and calendar to the data received byCUP com muni cat ing with RS485. At the same time, i to walk time by its own oscillation. The crystaloscillator of 32.768 kHz is put between Xin and Xout of S3530A which is connected with CPUthrough latching. SDA foot and SCL foot connect to P1.6 and P1.7 of AT89LV52 respectively. Thereare two in terrupt alarmi ng foots can be set as sec ondoutput or minute output synchronizing pulse which supply in terrupt sig nal to AT89LV52 with onesec ond period. Sin gle-chip system will readout the curre nt time through I2C com muni catio n interface accord ing to this sig nal and calculate the period of time that this moment belongs to so asto realize the electrical energy measuremer different periods of time [5]. This clock circuit has sparelithium battery. The powersupply VCC supply power in normal wiring and electrified for lithiumbattery of 3.6V. When there is power off, the system will automatically con vert lithium battery toclock circuit for power supply. The clock will still running accurately even the power is off.MAX485 chip can impleme nt RS485 com muni cati on con trol of multi-rate watt-hour meter. MAX485 chip has RS485 com muni cati on protocol. It can take 128 hypogenous computers. Its transmission distance is greater than 1km and its tran sfer rate is up to 250kb per sec ond. The watt-hour meter conn ects with the unit con troller through the RS485 bus. Each unit has a cell con troller can man age 128 rate watt-hour meter. The cell con troller conn ects to power man ageme nt computeEach watt-hour meter has one and on ly meter nu mber with eight bits of hex. The electrician should write the user ' s information and meter number and then import to the power man ageme nt computer for in itial in stallati on so ad to complete the connection of user and manageme nt computer. Man ageme nt computer sends sett ing of period of time and clock in formati on with the T — V5S \ n : M.LT-Figure 3. Partial circuit figure of watt-hour meter E . RS485 Com mun icatio n8 nr" II ：6 PIO 1 vex p\ 1 PW> Pi2 Ryl PIJ P(-2 Pld 1帕 P ：5 P(U P b POS PI T 帰 RXD LXD 叹 IXTO P2 ]\TI P22 TO [ 'VT: Pi 5 恵 X2 叩 XS , RtSi t L AIIPT\. vi» Al ?*9LV52 b 6 rs su SI US J SCK zt 14 4 二 j vcc 26 9l 屮 wa D41Amanner of broadcast com muni cati on without address information. PC uploads information by the way of calling address. F Lack Phase detect ion and relay con trolIt ca n achieve relay con trol [7] with P27 of AT89LV52. P27 cancon trol relays using 4N25 photoelectricity isolator so as to complete powersupply and power con trol. Lack Phase detect ion gets the sig nal from fan-out of the relay and conn ects to 1 foot of photoelectricity isolator after pass ing a 75K resista nee, the diode half-wave rectifier and capacitive filteri ng respectively. We detect the 4 foot of isolator to determ ine whether there is the lack of phase. If there is lack of phase, we detect aga in after 2 sec onds overtime. We break off the power immediately if there is lack of power after the twice confirmation. In power protection circuit, it uses the INT1 interrupt foot of AT89LV52 to detect sig nal.When there is a sudden power off, INT1 jumps into a low voltage and the INT1 in terrupt en ters to the power protectio n program relyi ng on the en ergy storage capacitor to save data. In the system, pulse output ofAD7752, relay con trol port and the in puts of lack phase detecti on all use photoelectric isolator 4N25. It sends electrical sig nal by light coupli ng which can enhance the ability of an ti-jam min g. IV. THE DESIGN OF SOFTWAREA.The distribution of resourceThe software program in cludes main program, X25045 read and write program, RS485 serial com muni cati on program, in terrupt serve program, timer han dli ng program, HT1621 display con trol program, electrical en ergy measureme nt in differe nt period of time and power dow n protect ion program, and system self-check ing and an ti-i nterfere nee han dli ng program .In terrupt resource distributi on of system is: INTO in terrupt is used as AD7752 pulse measureme nt, INT1 as synchroni zati on detecting, timer TO as 100 ms timing, T1 as 1ms timing, and T2 as baud rate generator for serial com muni cati on program. RS485 asynchronous com muni cati on is set to receive in terrupt and check in formati on for sending.B.Module desighThe flow chart of main program is shown in figure 4. The watt-hour meter should be able to initialize at each power up time. The initializing program in cludes sett ing work ing mode of timers, serial stomata and inItem Nonual metei Tested merer Error (%) cleciTKii^r 3 000 2996 0.13% Cslm ele-c XKit}? 3 WO 工洱5 0.17% VaJ 霁 3.0P0 2,997 0,10% Torsi el^ctricin" 9.000 S 988 013% 0(5.09 103 06 09 10:3 00.00.000 111口 E 0;fll 0;01 O.WTABLE I. COMPARE OF NORMAL METER AND TESTING METERThe testi ng result in dicates that the error of this multi-rate watt-hour meter is less than 1%, belongs to 1.0 grade. The return reading of electrical energy is precision and the emendation of time is timely and right. By testing, the method of decreas ing errors for electricity meteri ng can be obta in ed. Firstly,adjust the sampli ng resista nee of AD7752 to accurate value. Secon dly, the value of this resista nee is needed less varying with temperature. Thirdly, during electricity metering progress, when mantissa portion of electricity is less than0.01, the remaining pulse should be accessed together, thus cumulative error caused by lack of Tj] 'Jf 1、 ■ RwdS^JOA Mrawiic c Icctnc on MFI - A C LJimimiic J I L Ser id chuRrfLtfbi%FOWH 15电处。

电工技术英汉对照表宋黎明Electrical circuit 电路Sensor传感器Amplifier放大器Net 网格Battery 电池DC voltage 直流电压AC voltage交流电压Reference Polarities -----------Switch开关Equivalent circuits 等效电路Wheatstone bridge惠斯通电桥Source transformation电源变换Potentiometer 分压计Planar circuit 平面电流Insulators 绝缘体Semiconductor半导体Actual direction实际方向Alternating current交流Charge电荷Circuit电路Circuit analysis电路分析Node-voltage analysis结点电压法Mesh-current analysis 回路电流法Conductor导体conductance 电导Complex impedance复阻抗reactance电抗resistor电阻器resistance电阻Capacitor电容器capacitance电容Inductor电感器inductance电感Current电流Direct current 直流Energy能量Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL)基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’s Voltage law (KVL)基尔霍夫电压定律Node节点（结点）supernode广义节点 Essential Nodes 基本节点branch支路loop回路mesh网孔 Superposition principle叠加原理Ohm’s law欧姆定律Power 功率real power 有功功率=average power平均功率Reactive power无功功率Complex power 复功率apparent power视在功率Power factor功率因数power angle功率角Reference direction参考方向= reference polarity参考极性Passive reference configuration = passive sign convention关联参考方向Active reference configuration = active sign convention非关联参考方向Series circuit串联Voltage-division principle分压原理parallel circuit并联Current-division principle分流原理Source电源Independent source独立电源dependent source非独立电源（受控电源）Voltage source电压源current source 电流源Voltage-control voltage source （VCVS）电压控制电压源Voltage-control current source （VCCS）电压控制电流源Current-control voltage source （CCVS）电流控制电压源Current-control current source （CCVS）电流控制电流源Steady-state稳态steady-state sinusoidal analysis正弦稳态分析Peak value 峰值（amplitude幅值）root-mean-square values均方根值（effective value有效值）Angular frequency角频率frequency频率period周期Phase angle相位角Phasor相量Balanced three-phase circuits对称三相电路Balanced source对称电源balanced load对称负载Wye-connected (Y-connected) 星型连接Delta-connected 三角形连接Phase voltage (line-to-neutral voltage) 相电压line-to-line voltage线电压Line current线电流Positive phase sequence正序negative phase sequence反序Transient暂态 Forcing function强制函数first-order RC circuits一阶电路differential equation微分方程transient response暂态响应 Switching rules换路定理steady-state response稳态响应（forced response强制分量）Time constant时间常数initial condition初始条件Particular solution特殊解complementary solution补充解Voltage电压Thevenin equivalent Circuit戴维南等效电路open-circuit voltage开路电压Thevenin resistance戴维南等效电阻Norton equivalent circuit诺顿等效电路short-circuit current短路电流Source T ransformation电源的等效变换Transformer 变压器Electrical machinery 电机Generator发电机motor电动机DC motor直流电动机AC motor交流电动机Synchronous 同步电机Induction感应电机(Asynchronous)（异步电机）Electronically controlled precision motors控制电机Stator定子rotor转子permanent magnet永磁体shaft轴Electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩。

有功电度表——watt-hour meter静止式有功电度表——static watt-hour meter多费率电度表——multi-rate meter仪表型式——meter type测量器件——measuring element测试输出——test output工作指示器——operation indicator贮存器——memory非易失贮存器——non-volatile memory显示器——display计度器——register电流线路——current circuit电压线路——voltage circuit辅助线路——auxiliary circuit常数——constant室内仪表——indoor meter室外仪表——outdoor meter表底——base插座——socket表盖——meter cover表壳——meter case可触及导电部件——accessible conductive part保护接地端——protective earth terminal端子座——terminal block端子盖——terminal cover间隙——clearance爬电距离——creepage distance基本绝缘——basic insulation附加绝缘——supplementary insulation双重绝缘——double insulation加强绝缘——reinforced insulationI类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class III类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class II参比电流——reference current基本电流*（Ib)——basic current （Ib)额定电流*（In)——rated current （In)最大电流*（Imax)——maximum current （Imax)参比电压*（Un)——reference voltage（Un)参比频率——reference frequency等级指数——class index百分数误差——percentage error影响量——influence quantity参比条件——reference conditions由影响量引起的误差改变量——variation of error due to an influence quantity畸变因数——distortion factor电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance参比温度——reference temperature平均温度系数——mean temperature coefficient额定工作条件——rated operating conditions规定的测量范围——specified measuring range规定的工作范围——specified operating range极限工作范围——limit range of operation贮存和运输条件——storage and transport conditions正常工作位置——normal working position热稳定性——thermal stability型式试验——type test电度表型号——meter type标准表——reference meter无功功率（乏）——reactive power(var)无功电能（乏一小时）——reactive energy(var-hour)单相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a single-phase circuit三相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a three-phase circuit无功电度表——var-hour meter静止式无功电度表——static var-hour meter多费率仪表——multi-rate meter无功功率的方向和符号——directions and sign of reactive power测量元件——measuring element输出装置——output devices感应式仪表——induction meter仪表转子——meter rotor仪表驱动元件——meter driving element仪表制动元件——meter braking element仪表计度器（计数机构）——register of a meter(counting mechanism)仪表底座——meter base仪表插座——meter socket仪表基架——meter frame接线端座——terminal block接线端盖——terminal cover基本转速——basic speed基本转矩——basic torque仪表常数——meter constant绝缘——insulation型式——type型式检验——type test型式验证程序——type approval procedure鉴定程序——qualification procedure影响量或影响因数——influence quantity or factor垂直工作位置——vertical working position等级指数——class index测量单元——measuring unit数据处理单元——data processing unit多功能电能表——multifunction watthour meter需要周期——demand interval最大需量——maximum demand滑差时间——sliding window time尖、峰、谷、平时段——（sharp、peak、shoulder、off—peak time consumption）额定最大脉冲频率——rated maximum impulse frequency最大需量复零装置——maximum demand reset zero unit辅助电源——auxiliary supply电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance产品——item修理的产品——repaired item不修理的产品——non-repaired item服务——service规定功能——required function时刻——instant of time时间区间——time interval持续时间——time duration累积时间——accumulated time量度——measure工作——operation修改——modification(of an item)效能——effectiveness固有能力——capability耐久性——durability可靠性——reliability维修性——maintainability维修保障性——maintenance support performance可用性——availability可信性——dependability失效——failure致命失效——critical failure非致命失效——non-critical failure误用失效——misuse failure误操作失效——mishandling failure弱质失效——weakness failure设计失效——design failure制造失效——manufacturing failure老化失效；耗损失效——ageing failure；wearout failure突然失效——sudden failure 渐变失效；漂移失效——gradual failure；drift failure灾变失效——cataleptic failure关联失效——relevant failure非关联失效——non-relevant failure独立失效——primary failure从属失效——secondary failure失效原因——failure cause失效机理——failure mechanism系统性失效；重复性失效——systematic failure；reproducible failure完全失效——complete failure退化失效——degradation failure部分失效——partial failure故障——fault致命故障——critical fault非致命故障——non-critical fault重要故障——major fault次要故障——minor fault误用故障——minor fault误操作故障——mishandling fault弱质故障——weakness fault设计故障——design fault制造故障——manufacturing fault老化故障；耗损故障——ageing fault；wearout fault程序－敏感故障——programme-sensitive fault数据－敏感故障——data-sensitive fault完全故障；功能阻碍故障——complete fault；function-preventing fault部分故障——partial fault持久故障——persistent fault间歇故障——intermittent fault确定性故障——determinate fault非确定性故障——indeterminate fault潜在故障——latent fault系统性故障——systematic fault故障模式——fault mode故障产品——faulty item差错——error失误——mistake工作状态——operating state不工作状态——non-operating state待命状态——standby state闲置状态；空闲状态——idle state；free state不能工作状态——disable state；outage处因不能工作状态——external disabled state不可用状态；内因不能工作状态——down state；internal disabledstate可用状态——up state忙碌状态——busy state致使状态——critical state维修——maintenance维修准则——maintenance philosophy维修方针——maintenance policy维修作业线——maintenance echelon；line of maintenance 维修约定级——indenture level(for maintenance)维修等级——level of maintenance预防性维修——preventive maintenance修复性维修——corrective maintenance受控维修——controlled maintenance计划性维修——scheduled maintenance非计划性维修——unscheduled maintenance现场维修——on-site maintenance；in sits maintenance；field maintenance非现场维修——off-site maintenance遥控维修——remote maintenance自动维修——automatic maintenance逾期维修——deferred maintenance基本的维修作业——elementary maintenance activity维修工作——maintenance action；maintenance task修理——repair故障识别——fault recognition故障定位——fault localization故障诊断——fault diagnosis故障修复——fault correction功能核查——function check-out恢复——restoration；recovery监测——supervision；monitoring维修的实体——maintenance entity影响功能的维修——function-affecting maintenance妨碍功能的维修——function-preventing maintenance减弱功能的维修——function-degreding maintenance不影响功能的维修——function-permitting maintenance维修时间——maintenance time维修人时——MMH maintenance man-hours实际维修时间——active maintenance time预防性维修时间——preventive maintenance time修复性维修时间——corrective maintenance time实际的预防性维修时间——active preventive maintenance time实际的修复性维修时间——active corrective maintenance time 未检出故障时间——undetected fault time管理延迟（对于修复性维修）——andyistrative delay 后勤延迟——logistic delay故障修复时间——fault correction time技术延迟——technical delay核查时间——check－out time故障诊断时间——fault diagnosis time故障定位时间——fault localization time修理时间——repair time工作时间——operating time不工作时间——non—operating time需求时间——required time无需求时间——non-required time待命时间——stand-by time闲置时间——idle time；free time不能工作时间——disabled time不可用时间——down time累积不可用时间——accumulated down time外因不能工作时间——external disabled time；external loss time可用时间——up time首次失效前时间——time to first failure失效前时间——time to failure失效间隔时间——time between failures失效间工作时间——operating time between failures恢复前时间——time to restoration；time to recovery使用寿命——useful life早期失效期——early failure period恒定失效密度期——constant failure intensity period恒定失效率期——constant failure rate period耗损失效期——wear－out failure period瞬时可用度——A(t) instantaneous availability瞬时不可用度——U(t) instantaneous unavailability平均可用度——A(t1,t2)mean availability平均不可用度——U(t1，t2)mean unavailability渐近可用度——A asymptotic availability稳态可用度——steady－state availability渐近下可用度——U asymptotic unavailability稳态不可用度——steady-state unavailability渐近平均可用度——A asymptotic mean availability渐近平均不可用度——U asymptotic mean unavailability平均可用时间——MUT mean up time平均累积不可用时间——MADT mean accumulated down time 可靠度——R(t1，t2)reliability瞬时失效率——λ(t) instantaneous failure rate平均失效率——λ(t1,t2)mean failure rate瞬时失效密度——Z(t) instantaneous failure intensity平均失效密度——Z(tl，t2) mean failure intensity平均首次失效前时间——MTTFF mean time to first failure平均失效前时间——MTTF mean time to failure平均失效间隔时间——MTBF mean time between failures平均失效间工作时间——MTBF mean operating time between failures失效率加速系数——failure rate acceleration factor失效密度加速系数——failure intensity acceleration factor维修度——maintainability瞬时修复率——μ(t)instantaneous repair rate平均修复率——μ(t1，t2)mean repair rate平均维修人时——mean maintenance man-hours平均不可用时间——MDT mean down time平均修理时间——MRT mean repair timeP—分位修理时间——p—fractile repair time平均实际修复性维修时间——mean active corrective maintenance time平均恢复前时间——MTTR mean time to restoration故障识别比——fault coverage修复比——repair coverage平均管理延迟——MAD mean andyistrative delayp—分位管理延迟——p-fractile andyistrative delay平均后勤延迟——MLD mean logistic delayP—分位后勤延迟——P—fractile logistic delay试验——test验证试验——compliance test测定试验——determination test实验室试验——laboratory test现场试验——field test耐久性试验——endurance test加速试验——accelerated test步进应力试验——step stress test筛选试验——screening test时间加速系数——time acceleration factor维修性检验——maintainability verfication维修性验证——maintainability demonstration观测数据——observed data试验数据——test data现场数据——field data基准数据——reference data冗余——redundancy工作冗余——active redundancy备用冗余——standby redundancy失效安全——fail safe故障裕度——fault tolerance故障掩盖——fault masking预计——prediction 可靠性模型——reliability model可靠性预计——reliability prediction可靠性分配——reliability allocation；reliability apportionment 故障模式与影响分析——FMEA fault modes and effects analysis故障模式、影响与危害度分析——FMECA fault modes，effects and criticality analysis故障树分析——FTA fault tree analysis应力分析——stress analysis可靠性框图——reliability block diagram故障树——fault tree状态转移图——state-transition diagram应力模式——stress madel故障分析——fault analysis失效分析——failure analysis维修性模型——maintainability model维修性预计——maintainability prediction维修树——maintenance tree维修性分配——maintainability allocation；maintainability apportionment老练——burn in可靠性增长——reliability growth可靠性改进——reliability improvement可靠性和维修性管理——reliability and maintainability management可靠性和维修性保证——reliability and maintainability assurance可靠性和维修性控制——reliability and maintainability control 可靠性和维修性大纲——reliability and maintainability programme可靠性和维修性计划——reliability and maintainability plan可靠性和维修性审计——reliability and maintainability audit可靠性和维修性监察——reliability and maintainability surveillance设计评审——design review真实的…——true…预计的…——predicted…外推的…——extrapolated…估计的…——estimated…固有的…——intrinsic…；inherent…使用的…——operational…平均的…——mean…P-分位…——P-fratile…瞬时的…——instantaneous…稳态的…——steady state。

集中器——concentrator采集器——acquisition unit有功电度表——watt-hour meter静止式有功电度表——static watt-hour meter多费率电度表/仪表——multi-rate meter预付费电度表——prepayment watt-hour meter电度表/仪表型式——meter type测量器件/元件——measuring element测试输出——test output工作指示器——operation indicator贮存器——memory非易失贮存器——non-volatile memory显示器——display计度器——register电流线路——current circuit电压线路——voltage circuit辅助线路——auxiliary circuit常数——constant室内仪表——indoor meter室外仪表——outdoor meter表底——base插座——socket表盖——meter cover表壳——meter case可触及导电部件——accessible conductive part保护接地端——protective earth terminal端子座——terminal block端子盖——terminal cover间隙——clearance爬电距离——creepage distance基本绝缘——basic insulation附加绝缘——supplementary insulation双重绝缘——double insulation加强绝缘——reinforced insulationI类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class III类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class II参比电流——reference current基本电流*（Ib)——basic current （Ib)额定电流*（In)——rated current （In)最大电流*（Imax)——maximum current （Imax)参比电压*（Un)——reference voltage（Un)参比频率——reference frequency等级指数——class index百分数误差——percentage error影响量——influence quantity参比条件——reference conditions 由影响量引起的误差改变量——variation of error due to an influence quantity畸变因数——distortion factor电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance参比温度——reference temperature平均温度系数——mean temperature coefficient额定工作条件——rated operating conditions规定的测量范围——specified measuring range规定的工作范围——specified operating range极限工作范围——limit range of operation贮存和运输条件——storage and transport conditions正常工作位置——normal working position热稳定性——thermal stability型式试验——type test标准表——reference meter无功功率（乏）——reactive power(var)无功电能（乏一小时）——reactive energy(var-hour) 单相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a single-phase circuit三相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a three-phase circuit无功电度表——var-hour meter静止式无功电度表——static var-hour meter无功功率的方向和符号——directions and sign of reactive power输出装置——output devices感应式仪表——induction meter仪表转子——meter rotor仪表驱动元件——meter driving element仪表制动元件——meter braking element仪表计度器（计数机构）——register of a meter(counting mechanism)仪表底座——meter base仪表插座——meter socket仪表基架——meter frame接线端座——terminal block接线端盖——terminal cover基本转速——basic speed基本转矩——basic torque仪表常数——meter constant绝缘——insulation型式——type型式检验——type test型式验证程序——type approval procedure鉴定程序——qualification procedure影响量或影响因数——influence quantity or factor 垂直工作位置——vertical working position等级指数——class index测量单元——measuring unit数据处理单元——data processing unit多功能电能表——multifunction watt-hour meter 需要周期——demand interval最大需量——maximum demand滑差时间——sliding window time尖、峰、谷、平时段——（sharp、peak、shoulder、off—peak time consumption）额定最大脉冲频率——rated maximum impulse frequency最大需量复零装置——maximum demand reset zero unit辅助电源——auxiliary supply产品——item修理的产品——repaired item不修理的产品——non-repaired item服务——service规定功能——required function时刻——instant of time时间区间——time interval持续时间——time duration累积时间——accumulated time量度——measure工作——operation修改——modification(of an item)效能——effectiveness固有能力——capability耐久性——durability可靠性——reliability维修性——maintainability维修保障性——maintenance support performance 可用性——availability可信性——dependability失效——failure致命失效——critical failure非致命失效——non-critical failure误用失效——misuse failure误操作失效——mishandling failure弱质失效——weakness failure设计失效——design failure制造失效——manufacturing failure老化失效；耗损失效——ageing failure；wearout failure突然失效——sudden failure渐变失效；漂移失效——gradual failure；drift failure灾变失效——cataleptic failure 关联失效——relevant failure非关联失效——non-relevant failure独立失效——primary failure从属失效——secondary failure失效原因——failure cause失效机理——failure mechanism系统性失效；重复性失效——systematic failure；reproducible failure完全失效——complete failure退化失效——degradation failure部分失效——partial failure故障——fault致命故障——critical fault非致命故障——non-critical fault重要故障——major fault次要故障——minor fault误用故障——misuse fault误操作故障——mishandling fault弱质故障——weakness fault设计故障——design fault制造故障——manufacturing fault老化故障；耗损故障——ageing fault；wearout fault 程序－敏感故障——programme-sensitive fault数据－敏感故障——data-sensitive fault完全故障；功能阻碍故障——complete fault；function-preventing fault部分故障——partial fault持久故障——persistent fault间歇故障——intermittent fault确定性故障——determinate fault非确定性故障——indeterminate fault潜在故障——latent fault系统性故障——systematic fault故障模式——fault mode故障产品——faulty item差错——error失误——mistake工作状态——operating state不工作状态——non-operating state待命状态——standby state闲置状态；空闲状态——idle state；free state不能工作状态——disable state；outage处因不能工作状态——external disabled state不可用状态；内因不能工作状态——down state；internal disabled state可用状态——up state忙碌状态——busy state致使状态——critical state维修——maintenance维修准则——maintenance philosophy维修方针——maintenance policy维修作业线——maintenance echelon；line of maintenance维修约定级——indenture level(for maintenance) 维修等级——level of maintenance预防性维修——preventive maintenance修复性维修——corrective maintenance受控维修——controlled maintenance计划性维修——scheduled maintenance非计划性维修——unscheduled maintenance现场维修——on-site maintenance；in sits maintenance；field maintenance非现场维修——off-site maintenance遥控维修——remote maintenance自动维修——automatic maintenance逾期维修——deferred maintenance基本的维修作业——elementary maintenance activity维修工作——maintenance action；maintenance task 修理——repair故障识别——fault recognition故障定位——fault localization故障诊断——fault diagnosis故障修复——fault correction功能核查——function check-out恢复——restoration；recovery监测——supervision；monitoring维修的实体——maintenance entity影响功能的维修——function-affecting maintenance 妨碍功能的维修——function-preventing maintenance减弱功能的维修——function-degrading maintenance 不影响功能的维修——function-permitting maintenance维修时间——maintenance time维修人时——MMH maintenance man-hours实际维修时间——active maintenance time预防性维修时间——preventive maintenance time修复性维修时间——corrective maintenance time实际的预防性维修时间——active preventive maintenance time实际的修复性维修时间——active corrective maintenance time未检出故障时间——undetected fault time管理延迟（对于修复性维修）——andyistrative delay 后勤延迟——logistic delay 故障修复时间——fault correction time技术延迟——technical delay核查时间——check－out time故障诊断时间——fault diagnosis time故障定位时间——fault localization time修理时间——repair time工作时间——operating time不工作时间——non—operating time需求时间——required time无需求时间——non-required time待命时间——stand-by time闲置时间——idle time；free time不能工作时间——disabled time不可用时间——down time累积不可用时间——accumulated down time外因不能工作时间——external disabled time；external loss time可用时间——up time首次失效前时间——time to first failure失效前时间——time to failure失效间隔时间——time between failures失效间工作时间——operating time between failures 恢复前时间——time to restoration；time to recovery使用寿命——useful life早期失效期——early failure period恒定失效密度期——constant failure intensity period恒定失效率期——constant failure rate period耗损失效期——wear－out failure period瞬时可用度——A(t) instantaneous availability 瞬时不可用度——U(t) instantaneous unavailability平均可用度——A(t1,t2)mean availability平均不可用度——U(t1，t2)mean unavailability渐近可用度——A asymptotic availability稳态可用度——steady－state availability渐近下可用度——U asymptotic unavailability稳态不可用度——steady-state unavailability渐近平均可用度——A asymptotic mean availability渐近平均不可用度——U asymptotic mean unavailability平均可用时间——MUT mean up time平均累积不可用时间——MADT mean accumulated down time可靠度——R(t1，t2)reliability瞬时失效率——λ(t) instantaneous failure rate平均失效率——λ(t1,t2)mean failure rate瞬时失效密度——Z(t) instantaneous failure intensity平均失效密度——Z(tl，t2) mean failure intensity 平均首次失效前时间——MTTFF mean time to first failure平均失效前时间——MTTF mean time to failure平均失效间隔时间——MTBF mean time between failures平均失效间工作时间——MTBF mean operating time between failures失效率加速系数——failure rate acceleration factor失效密度加速系数——failure intensity acceleration factor维修度——maintainability瞬时修复率——μ(t)instantaneous repair rate平均修复率——μ(t1，t2)mean repair rate平均维修人时——mean maintenance man-hours平均不可用时间——MDT mean down time平均修理时间——MRT mean repair timeP—分位修理时间——p—fractile repair time平均实际修复性维修时间——mean active corrective maintenance time平均恢复前时间——MTTR mean time to restoration 故障识别比——fault coverage修复比——repair coverage平均管理延迟——MAD mean andyistrative delay p—分位管理延迟——p-fractile andyistrative delay平均后勤延迟——MLD mean logistic delayP—分位后勤延迟——P—fractile logistic delay试验——test验证试验——compliance test测定试验——determination test实验室试验——laboratory test现场试验——field test耐久性试验——endurance test加速试验——accelerated test步进应力试验——step stress test筛选试验——screening test时间加速系数——time acceleration factor维修性检验——maintainability verification维修性验证——maintainability demonstration观测数据——observed data试验数据——test data现场数据——field data基准数据——reference data 冗余——redundancy工作冗余——active redundancy备用冗余——standby redundancy失效安全——fail safe故障裕度/容错——fault tolerance故障掩盖——fault masking预计——prediction可靠性模型——reliability model可靠性预计——reliability prediction可靠性分配——reliability allocation；reliability apportionment故障模式与影响分析——FMEA fault modes and effects analysis故障模式、影响与危害度分析——FMECA fault modes，effects and criticality analysis故障树分析——FTA fault tree analysis应力分析——stress analysis可靠性框图——reliability block diagram故障树——fault tree状态转移图——state-transition diagram应力模式——stress model故障分析——fault analysis失效分析——failure analysis维修性模型——maintainability model维修性预计——maintainability prediction维修树——maintenance tree维修性分配——maintainability allocation；maintainability apportionment老练——burn in可靠性增长——reliability growth可靠性改进——reliability improvement可靠性和维修性管理——reliability and maintainability management可靠性和维修性保证——reliability and maintainability assurance可靠性和维修性控制——reliability and maintainability control可靠性和维修性大纲——reliability and maintainability programme可靠性和维修性计划——reliability and maintainability plan可靠性和维修性审计——reliability and maintainability audit可靠性和维修性监察——reliability and maintainability surveillance设计评审——design review真实的…——true…预计的…——predicted…外推的…——extrapolated…估计的…——estimated…固有的…——intrinsic…；inherent…使用的…——operational…平均的…——mean…P-分位…——P-fractile…瞬时的…——instantaneous…稳态的…——steady state未检出故障时间——undetected fault time 电子厂一些常用英语词汇镊子: TWEEZERS锯子: SAW尖嘴钳: NOSE PLIER扳手: SPANNER鎯头: HAMMER电烙铁: SOLDERING IRON剪钳: WIRE CUTTER老虎钳: PLIERS电批: TORQUE DRIVER夹子: CLAMP三角架: CROWFOOT钢网: STENCIL刮刀: SQUEEGEE刀片: BLADE放大镜: VISIONSCOPE、magnifier调压器: BOOSTER示波器: OSCILLOSCOPE测试针: TOGGLE PINS架子: RACK手推车：TROLLEY支架: BRACKETS锡条: SOLDER BAR锡膏: SOLDER PASTE锡炉: SOLDER-POT浸锡: DIG-SOLDER焊点: SOLDERING JOINTS焊盘: PAD/LAND焊接: WELDING超声波焊接: ULTRASONIC WELDING回流焊接: REFLOW SOLDERING波峰焊接: WAVE SOLDERING回焊前: PRE-REFLOW回焊后: POST-REFLOW回流炉: REFLOW OVEN虚焊: DEWETTING假焊: SHORT SOLDER少锡: INSUFFICIENT SOLDER偏位: MISALIGNMENT 阻焊剂: SOLDER-THIEF/MASK线路: TRACE回路: CIRCUIT短路: BRIGING/SHORT线路开路: BROKEN TRACE线路板; PCB(Printed Circuit Board)线路板装配: PCBA( PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY)集成电路:IC( INTEGRATED CIRCUIT)ESD: ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE: 静电放电ESD PREVENTION&DAMAGE: 静电防护与损坏FMEA: FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS(失效模式分析)SPC: STATISTIC PROCESS CONTROL(统计过程控制) IPC: INSTITUTE OF PACKING AND INTERCONNECTS(电子电路互连与封装协会)正极: ANODE END负极: CATHODE END硬化: CURING配线: WIRING冷却硬化: OVEN-CURING间距: PITCH周期: CIRCLE TIME测试: DEBUG模拟: SIMULATION毛细管现象: CAPILLARY ACTION导体: CONDUCTIVE PATTERN介质材料: DIELECTRIC MATERIAL镀通孔: PTH( PLATED THROUGH HOLE)额定电源: RATED POWER氧化: OXIDE烘干: BAKE紫外线: ULTRAVIOLET线圈: WINDING涂层: COATING溶剂: SOLVENT溶液、溶解：SOLUTION隔热板: FELT不合格品: NON-CONFIRMING UNITS原料: DIRECT MATERIAL辅料: INDIRECT MATERIAL试产: PILOT PRODUCTION量产: MASS PRODUCTIONX 光测试: X RAY TEST跌打测试: DROP TEST老化测试: BURN-IN TEST振动测试: VIBRATION TEST丝印: SPRAY-PAINTING/SILK-SCREEN烫金: METAL-STAMPING注塑: INJECTION MOLDING裂: CRACKED内翘: WARPED翘起: LIFT弯: BOW层分: DELAMINATION浮起: LIFTING静电防护: STATIC SHIELDING散静电: STATIC DISSIPATIVE防静电: ANTISTATIC顺时针方向: CLOCKWISE逆时针方向: CONTERCLOCKWISE松香: FLUX松香笔: FLUX PEN红胶水: EPOXY B ADHESIVE胶水: GLUE贴纸: STICKER透明胶纸: OPP TAPE卡板: PALLET电阻 Resistance/ RESISTOR热敏电阻 Thermistor/PTC(positive temperature coefficient)压敏电阻 Piezoresistor压敏电阻、变阻器：MOV（metal oxide varistor）MOS：metal oxide semiconductor电容 Capacitance/Capacitor钽电容 AVX/Tantalum Cap独石电容 Multilayer ceramic capacitor安规电容 Y Cap/Safety CapacitorMLCC: multiplayer ceramic capacitor积层陶瓷晶片电容电解电容 Electrolytic Capacitor法拉电容 Farad Cap/Super Cap/Double layer Cap 磁珠 Magnetic bead/Bead core电感 Inductance/Inductor互感器 mutual inductor互耦电感 coupling inductor红外接收头 infrared receiver mould滤波器 filter继电器relay晶振 crystal oscillator /XTL液晶 LCD / liquid crystal display数码管 nixie tube/ digitron二极管 diode三极管 triode自攻螺丝 tapping screw螺母 nut 标牌 rating label光耦 optocoupler/optical coupler卡座 holder可恢复保险 restorable fuse发射管 launch tube整流桥堆 bridge rectifier稳压器 voltage stabilizer/regulator平垫 plate gasket/washer弹垫 spring gasket/washer平头螺丝/无头螺丝 Grub screw十字槽盘头机牙螺丝 cross recessed pan head screw 十字槽螺丝 Phillips screw一字槽 slotted米字槽螺丝 pozi screw复合槽 compound screw铅封 lead sealing到角 chamfer锐边 Sharp edge分流器 splitter密封线 potted line天线 AntennaSIM Subscriber identify module场效应管 field-effect tubeMCU Microprogrammed Control Unit：微程序控制器TVS: transient voltage suppressor瞬变电压抑制二极管Darlington：达林顿复合晶体管工字型：I-shape常用测试仪器设备英文名称目视仪器 visual instrument卷尺 tape measure/tapeline投影机 profile projector卡尺/测径器 caliper游标卡尺 vernier caliper千分尺 micrometer电子测试仪器 electronic measuring instrument量测设备/量具 gauge计量器/计量表 meter测试装置 tester功能测试仪 function tester米尺 meter stick千分卡尺 micrometer calipers块规 block gauge显微镜 microscope金相显微镜 metallography microscope工具显微镜 measuring microscope销规/栓规/测高计 height gauge厚度尺 thickness gauge放大镜 magnifier glass立体显微镜 stereomicroscope数字万用表 digital multimeter(DMM) 示波器 oscilloscope推拉力计 push-pull gauge可焊性测试仪 solderability checker 能谱分析仪 Energy Dispersive X-ray Detector(EDX) 测量用示波器 measuring oscilloscope 高阻计 high resistance meter粘度计 viscosity meter硬度计 hardness scale火线 live line零线 null line/neutral line地线 earth line钢锉 steel file。