3第七单元A Few Kind Words for Superstition 翻译

Unit 5A Few Kind Words for SuperstitionTeaching PlanLearning Objectives1)Rhetorical skill: clarification with anecdotes and examples2)Key language & grammar points3)Writing strategies: classification and division4)Theme: superstition from different perspectivesPre-class Activity: none.Relationship to Current Unit:Materials: Teacher’s Book (6), English-English Dictionary, Blackboard, PPTEstimated Time of Lesson: 270m, 6 sessionsTime Allocation:P 1-21.Pre-reading: playing games / word puzzle / picture activation / short stories 10m2.Global Reading: text introduction, culture notes, author, structure 15m3.Detailed Reading (a): Text I: Paragraph 1-4 65mP 3-44.Detailed Reading (b): Text I: Paragraph 5-12 90mP 5-65.Consolidation Activities (a): Text Comprehension; Writing Strategies 20m6.Consolidation Activities (b): Language work; Oral Activities; Writing 70m7.Further Enhancement (Optional): Text II / Other Comprehensive PracticesSection One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Picture ActivationWhat’s your sign? And do you believe in horoscope?II. Pre- reading Questions1. People are more or less superstitious. For example, we Chinese all think that the numbers “six” and “eight” can bring good luck, while “four” and “thirteen” are unfavoured numbers. What’s your favourite number? Why do you like it?Open for discussion.2. It’s well known that different colours have quite different connotations in different cultures. For example, “yellow” in Chinese is assoc iated with pornography, while in most English-speaking countries it connotes cowardice. Can you give some other examples of this kind?Open for discussion.Section Two Global ReadingI. Text IntroductionThe text is developed by means of the author’s classification of the four types of superstition, and his explanation of its history, popularity and characteristics, and thereasons for people’s fascination with it. Davies uses a variety of examples in every paragraph, with the exception of the first two paragraphs, to develop the text. These examples include anecdotes, facts and personal experiences. In many of these examples we notice the words “a deeply learned professor,” “another learned professor,” “Dr. Samuel Johnson,” “a good scientist.” All this helps to build the impression that superstition is not only for the naive and ignorant but it is also “alive and flourishing among the people who are indisputably rational and learned.”II. Culture Notestranscendental meditation (Paragraph 1)Transcendental meditation (超脱禅定法) is a technique of meditation derived from Hindu traditions that calms the mind and promotes deep relaxation through the use of a mantra (符咒), a sacred verbal formula repeated in prayer, meditation, or incantation (符咒，咒语), such as an invocation(祈祷) of a god, a magic spell, or a syllable or portion of scripture containing mystical potentialities.Transcendental meditation is unique and fundamentally different from any other systems of meditation and relaxation. Over 5 million people around the world have learned the technique since it was founded by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in 1957.enlightenment (Paragraph 1)In Hinduism and Buddhism, enlightenment is the highest spiritual state that can be achieved. It is a blessed state in which the individual transcends desire and suffering and attains Nirvana, the ineffable ultimate in which one has attained disinterested wisdom and compassion.Vain Observances (Paragraph 3)An observance is an act performed for religious or ceremoni al reasons. Here “vain” roughly means “proud.” Not walking under a ladder is a vain observance because people believe that they should not be humble in front of the Devil.I Ching (Paragraph 4)The I Ching (or Book of Changes《易经》), is an ancient Chinese divination manual and book of wisdom that offers slightly ambiguous advice on how to act. Especially since the 1960s, its poetic text and extraordinary symbolism —to say nothing of its strange effectiveness in divination —have gained it a following in the West. The I Ching was traditionally held to be written by the legendary Chinese Emperor Fu Hsi (伏羲) (2953 B.C.–2838 B.C.). It is possible that the I Ching originated from a prehistoric divination technique which dates back as far as 5000 B.C. Further commentaries were added byKing Wen and the Duke of Chou in the 11th century B.C.Dr. Samuel Johnson (Paragraph 8)(1709–1784) English poet, essayist, critic, journalist, lexicographer, conversationalist, regarded as one of the outstanding figures of 18th century life and letters. Johnson became Doctor Johnson when Dublin University gave him the honorary degree in 1765.Orthodox Jews (Paragraph 9)Orthodox Judaism (正统的犹太教) is the branch of Judaism that is governed by adherence to the Torah (《旧约》的首五卷，即摩西五经) as interpreted in the Talmud (《塔木德经》，犹太古代法典). It is the oldest form of Judaism practiced by Jews. Orthodox Jews are Jews who believe in Orthodox Judaism.Melanesian (Paragraph 9)Melanesia is a division of Oceania in the southwest Pacific Ocean comprising the islands northeast of Australia and south of the equator. It includes the Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, the Bismarck Archipelago, various other island groups, and sometimes New Guinea. Melanesian is a member of any of the indigenous peoples of Melanesia.Roman Catholic (Paragraph 11)The Roman Catholic Church sees itself as instituted by Jesus Christ for the salvation of souls. It accomplishes this goal through teaching and through the administration of sacraments, including baptism, the Eucharist, and the forgiveness of sins, through which God grants grace to the believer. The teaching authority or magisterium of the Church bases its teachings on both Scripture and apostolic tradition. As well as ordained secular clergy, the Church encourages monasticism, and has many orders of monks, friars and nuns who live in celibacy, and devote their lives entirely to God. Other religious practices include fasting, prayer, penance, pilgrimage and meditation.Battle of the Boyne (Paragraph 11)No year in Irish history is better known than 1690. No Irish battle is more famous than the Battle of the Boyne. The Boyne is a river of eastern Ireland flowing about 113 km (70 miles) to the Irish Sea. In the Battle of the Boyne on July 1, 1690, the armies of King William III (Prince of Orange, a Dutch-speaking Protestant) defeated the forces of James II (a Roman Catholic who had lost the throne of England in the bloodless “Glorious Revolution” of 1688), who fled to France. The Battle of the Boyne is recalled each July in the celebrations of the Orange Order, not on the first day but on “the Twelfth,” for eleven days were lost with the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1752.Orangemen (Paragraph 11)In Northern Ireland, a solely Protestant organization called the Orange Order was founded in County Armagh, in 1795, in opposition to the Defenders, a Catholic secret society. It was a revival of the Orange Institution founded in 1688 to support William III of Orange, whose victory over the Catholic James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 has been commemorated annually by Protestants in parades since 1796. Orangeman is a member of one of the Ulster Protestant Orange societies founded in Northern Ireland in 1795 to maintain the political and religious ascendancy of Protestantism.gypsy (Paragraph 12)A member of a race of people, originally from Asia, who travel around and traditionally live in caravans. Many gypsy groups have preserved elements of their traditional culture, including an itinerant existence, tribal organization, and the Romany language.III. AuthorRobertson Davies, one of Canada’s foremost writers of plays, novel s, and satire, was born on August 28, 1913, in the small village of Thamesville, Ontario. He was educated at Upper Canada College, Queen’s University, and earned a degree in literature from Oxford. After a few years in theatrical life, he shifted into journalism, as the literary editor of Saturday Night magazine, and later the editor of the Peterborough Examiner. During this period, he began to write plays, and then novels, starting with Tempest-Tost in 1951. He wrote 10 other novels, grouped into trilogies, as well as many plays. In 1961, Davies was appointed Master of Massey College at the University of Toronto, the post where he remained until his retirement. He died on December 2, 1995, at the age of 82.IV. Structural AnalysisPart 1(Paras. 1-2) the introductory part which tells of people’s different reactions to superstition and the rampant superstition among learned peoplePart 2(Paras. 3-6) the description and explanation of the four manifestations of superstition Part 3(Paras. 7-8) the relationship between superstition and psychology, religion and science Part 4(Paras. 9-11) the persistent popularity of superstition and its reasonPart 5(Para. 12) concluding remarksSection Three Detailed ReadingA FEW KIND WORDS FOR SUPERSTITIONRobertson DaviesI. AnalysisParagraphs 1-2 AnalysisThe two paragraphs make up the introductory part which tells of people’s different reactions to superstition and the rampant superstition among learned people.Paragraphs 3-6 AnalysisFrom Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6 the author describes and explains one by one the four manifestations of superstition. What is worth our notice is that all the examples used in these paragraphs are about learned people, either professors or college students, thus proving that superstition is not a preserve of the ignorant and naïvé.Paragraph 7 AnalysisAfter he describes the four forms of superstition, the author goes on to explore its history and its relevance to human psychology.Paragraph 8 AnalysisThis paragraph tells us that superstition has a spell that somewhat differs from religion and cannot be dispelled by science.Paragraphs 9-10 AnalysisIn these two paragraphs, the author points out one of the characteristics of superstition —its persistent popularity, regardless of time, race, creed and even modern science.Paragraph 11 AnalysisIn this paragraph, the author provides his own explanation of why superstition has been so popular —it has to do with “man’s yearning to know his fate, and to have some hand in dec iding it.”Paragraph 12 AnalysisIn this concluding paragraph, the author admits that as a human being he could not be left untouched when superstition prevails, hence “Now, I am humbler.”II. Questions for ParagraphsParagraphs 1-2: QuestionWhat is the common assumption about people who believe in superstition? How does the author discredit this assumption?It is commonly assumed that people who believe in superstition are usually ignorant and naïvé. But the author notices the flourishing superstition among many learned people in his university.Paragraph 3: QuestionWhat does the author imply when he says “... he did not smile until I asked him what he was doing”?The implication is that the learned professor truly believed in what he was doing and performed the whole thing seriously.Paragraph 4: QuestionHow should the expression “Almost, but not quite” be interpreted in its context?This expression, which is an elliptical sentence, is a response to the preceding statement “... their general level of education seems to absolve them of superstition.” The author suggests that the education they have received may not be able to help them to completely get rid of superstition.Paragraph 5: QuestionWhy did the examination candidates have the third form of superstition?Because they believed that some particular objects would bring them good luck in examinations.Paragraph 6: QuestionWhy did the engineering student tuck a $2 bill under a candlestick in the chapel?Because he believed that God was bribable and hoped that the money would gain some help from Him.Paragraph 7: QuestionWhat does the author say about the Latin word “supersisto” in relation to human psychology?The Latin word “supersisto” means “standing in terror of the Deity.” The author believes that superstition finds its way to the human heart, because people cannot root out terror although they can manage to keep it within bounds.Paragraph 8: Questions1. Why does the author mention the psychoanalysts?The author suggests that scientists might be able to provide reasonable explanations for superstition, but they cannot root it out.2. Which of the four forms of superstition does the case of Dr. Samuel Johnson belong to?The case of Dr. Samuel Johnson falls into the first category — Vain Observances.Paragraph 9: QuestionHow does the author prove that people of all races are superstitious?By supplying examples of the Orthodox Jews, the Chinese, people in Middle Europe and the Melanesians, the author proves that superstit ions “have risen from a depth of the human mind” and therefore have the same appeal to all human beings.Paragraph 10: QuestionWhy does the author mention astrology?The author uses this example to show that superstition is indifferent to time and science, because it has been popular all the time, whether in ancient Rome or in contemporary society, whether in sober newspapers or fashion magazines.Paragraph 11: QuestionWhy, in the final analysis, are people so fascinated with superstition?According to the author, it is due to people’s yearning to know their fate and to have some power to control it.Paragraph 12: QuestionWhat does the author mean by “Now, I am humbler” after he relates his personal experience?The author means that when he was a university student he was not superstitious. In fact he thought what he did with the gypsy woman was simply a joke. But now, after his description and analysis of the various forms of superstition with all kinds of people throughout history, he finds that there is some rationality in it.III. Language Work of ParagraphsParagraph 1“In grave discussions of “the renaissance of the irrational” in our time, superstition does not figure largely as a serious challenge to reason or science.”Paraphrase：In serious discussions of “the renaissance of the irrational” in our time, people don’t think that superstition is a great threat to reason or science.figure v. to believe that something is true, although you do not know for certain;used for saying that something seems reasonablee.g. Their names did not figure as potential helpers.I never figured that this would happen.It figures.UFOsUFO is an abbreviation for “unidentified flying object.” It is an object seen flying in the sky or landing on the Earth that cannot be identified, and is often believed to be a vehicle from another planet.instant enlightenmentenabling people to get great understanding or knowledge in a magical and incredibly fast way“an unacknowledged hold on so many of us”Paraphrase：unrecognized influence over so many of usParagraph 2“... I see superstition in its four manifestations, alive and flourishing among people who are indisputably rational and learned.” Paraphrase：... I see four ways in which superstition shows itself, very actively, among those people who are undoubtedly reasonable and well-educated.flourish vi. to be very successful; to grow well and be healthye.g. Four years ago, the country’s tourist industry was flourishing.Watercolor painting began to flourish in Britain around 1750.Nothing seems to flourish in my garden —perhaps the soil’s too poor. Paragraph 3... when I asked him why, he replied, with a wink, that it was “to hit the Devil in the eye.”Paraphrase：... when I asked him why he threw salt over his shoulder, he answered, jokingly, that it was “to hit the Devil in the eye.”wink n. the action of quickly closing and opening one eye as a sign to someonee.g. He gave me a conspiratorial wink as they left the room.I didn’t get a wink of sleep last night with that party going on next door. Paragraph 4a humble appeal to Fate to declare itselfa modest request for Fate to reveal itself“There are thousands of people on this continent who appeal to the I Ching, and their general level of education seems to absolve them of superstition.” Paraphrase：There are thousands of people on this continent who are fascinated by the I Ching, and their level of education seems high enough to free them from superstition.appeal vi. if something appeals to you, you like it or want ite.g. I’ve never been skiing —it doesn’t really appeal to me.I think what appeals to me about his painting is the colors he uses.absolve vt. (especially in religion or law) to state officially that someone is free of any blame or responsibility in a particular mattere.g. The priest absolved him of all his sins.The report absolved her from / of all blame for the accident.Paragraph 5modest idolatryIdolatry is the practice of worshipping idols. It sometimes means too much admiration for someone or something. Here it refers to the students’ unreasonable belief in the “bringers of luck.” “Modest idolatry” concedes that the good luck charms mentioned are only a moderate form of idolatry before going on to insist that they remain idolatry nonetheless.Paragraph 6“... he did not think he was pricing God cheap ...”Paraphrase:... he didn’t feel that offering God two dollars for help was too little ...“Investigation revealed that an engineering student, worried about a girl, thought that bribery of the Deity might help.”Paraphrase：Investigation disclosed that a student majoring in engineering, worried about a girl, thought God might help him if he could offer Him money.bribery n.the crime of giving money or presents to someone so that they will help you by doing something dishonest or illegale.g. The organization was rife with bribery and corruption.He was accused of accepting/taking bribes from wealthy businessmen.I tried to bribe my brother into disappearing for the afternoon by offering himthe use of my carParagraph 7a submerged river of crude religionBy this metaphor the author suggests that superstition is an invisible force (a submerged river) that is in some way like religion.“Most people keep their terror within bounds, but they cannot root it out, nor do they seem to want to do so.”Paraphrase：Most people can control their terror, but they cannot get rid of it, and they don’t seem to want to do so.bound n. (pl. bounds) limits that affect and control what can happen or what people are able to doe.g. The committee felt that newspaper coverage of the murder went beyondreasonable bounds.What you did was outside the bounds of acceptable behavior.His desire for political power apparently knows no bounds.root out：to find something bad or illegal and get rid of ite.g. Action is being taken to root out corruption in the police force.Mr. Smith has been appointed to root out cheating in the examinations.Paragraph 8“The more ..., the less ...”Explanation：The sentence implies that religion is not as powerful as it used to be. By contrast, the subsequent sentence indicates that superstition prevails and persists among all kinds of people, ranging from ignorant young children to learned scholars.“It may persist even among the greatly learned and devout ...”Paraphrase：Even many greatly learned and devout people may also be superstitious ...persist vi.to continue to do or say something in a determined way; if something bad persists, it continues to exist or happene.g. If he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss.If she refuses to answer your phone calls, just persist until she does answer.The Weather Center predicted that the cold weather would persist throughoutthe week.Paragraph 9“Many superstitions are so widespread and so old that t hey must have risen from a depth of the human mind that is indifferent to race or creed.” Paraphrase：Many superstitions are so common and so old that they must have been deeply rooted in the human mind. They have nothing to do with race or religious belief.indifferent adj. lacking interest in something, or lacking sympathy with someonee.g. He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers.Why don’t you vote — how can you be so indifferent to what is going on?... that far antedates the religions ...Paraphrase：... that has a much longer history than the religions ...Paragraph 10“...the fashion magazines count them among their most popular features.” Paraphrase：... astrology columns are considered one of the highlights of the fashionmagazines.count v.to consider someone or something in a particular waye.g. The Grand Canyon is generally counted as one of the most spectacular sights inthe USA.I’ve always counted Lucy among my closest friends.Gone with the Wind has always been counted among my favorite movies.“When has the heart of man given a damn for science?”Paraphrase：The heart of man has never cared about science at all.Note that this is a rhetorical question.Paragraph 11“Superstition in general is linked to man’s yearning to know his fate, and to have some hand in deciding it.”Paraphrase：Generally speaking, superstition is connected to man’s desire to know his fate, and to find some way to control it.yearn vi. to have a strong desire for somethinge.g. Despite his great commercial success he still yearns for critical approval.Sometimes I just yearn to be alone.I suppose it’s because I live in a crowded city that I have this yearning for openspaces.hand n. controle.g. Susan has a firm hand on everything that goes on in the office.Things got a little out of hand at the party and three windows were broken.How come there’s a problem? I thought you had everything in hand. Paragraph 12“I am not one to stand aloof from the rest of humanity in this matter ...” Paraphrase：As far as superstition is concerned, I am not much different from others ...aloof adj. someone who is aloof, or who remains or stays aloof from something, is not friendly or does not want to be involved in somethinge.g. She seemed rather aloof when in fact she was just shy.Whatever is happening in the office, she always remains aloof.She kept herself aloof from her husband’s business.“Now, I am humbler.”Paraphrase：Now I am no longer so proud. / Now I am not so sure that it was simply ajoke.humble adj.not considering yourself or your ideas to be as important as other people’s; having a low social class or positione.g. a humble apology/cottage/personone’s humble backgroundof humble birthWelcome to our humble abode.In my humble opinion we should never have bought the car in the first place.Section Four Further EnchantmentI. Lead-in QuestionsDo you believe in fortune-teller? Why or why not?Open for discussion.Text IITHE FORTUNE-TELLERJ.B. StamperII. NotesAbout the authorJ.B. Stamper, an American writer who is noted for Midnight Hour stories, aimed especially at childrenMr. Peebles himself was a far too reasonable man to be interested in hocus-pocus like this ... (Paragraph 3)Mr. Peebles himself was a very reasonable man who showed no interest in magic or trickery like this ... Hocus-pocus is a method or belief that is based on false ideas.His eyes were riveted on the crystal ball ... (Paragraph 8)He fixed his eyes on the crystal ball ...pour out what had been haunting him (Paragraph 16)tell the fortune-teller all about what had been worrying himThere was a death jinx on him. (Paragraph 35)He was doomed to die. A jinx is something that brings back luck.shuffled his feet (Paragraph 41)walked very slowly and noisily without lifting his feet off the groundDeath had him in a stranglehold ... (Paragraph 42)Death had complete control over him ...A stranglehold is a strong hold around someone’s neck that stops him or her from breathing.bore down on him (Paragraph 43)moved quickly towards himIII. Fun Time & Memorable Quotesa). Fun Timeplay the videob). Memorable quotes"Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind."— Albert Einstein"If you lose money you lose much, If you lose friends you lose more, If you lose faith you lose all."— Eleanor Roosevelt"A superstition is a premature explanation that overstays its time."— George Iles。

剑桥国际少儿英语第二版第七单元逐课讲解英文版逐课讲解：剑桥国际少儿英语第二版第七单元Lesson 1: Greetings and IntroductionsIn this lesson, children learn basic greetings like "Hello" and "Hi" and how to introduce themselves using "My name is [name]". There are also activities that encourage them to practice greeting their classmates.Lesson 2: Family MembersThe focus of this lesson is on family vocabulary. Children learn terms like "mother", "father", "sister", and "brother". Games and role-plays help them apply this vocabulary in context.Lesson 3: Describing PeopleThis lesson teaches children adjectives to describe people, such as "tall", "short", "happy", and "sad". There are drawing and guessing activities to make learning fun.Lesson 4: Colors and ShapesChildren learn basic colors like "red", "blue", "yellow", and shapes like "circle", "square", and "triangle". They engage in coloring and shape-sorting activities.Lesson 5: Numbers and CountingThe focus of this lesson is on counting from 1 to 10. Children practice counting objects and complete number-related activities.Lesson 6: Daily ActivitiesChildren learn about daily routines like waking up, brushing teeth, going to school, and playing. They participate in role-plays and storytelling to practice this vocabulary.Lesson 7: AnimalsThis lesson introduces common animals like "cat", "dog", "lion", and "elephant". Children engage in animal-themed games and crafts.Lesson 8: Review and RevisionThis lesson is a review of all the units learned in this book. Children participate in fun activities that consolidate their learning and prepare them for the next level.中文版剑桥国际少儿英语第二版第七单元逐课讲解第1课：问候与介绍在这堂课中，孩子们学习基本的问候语，如“你好”和“嗨”，以及如何用“我叫[名字]”来介绍自己。

P11,graveAdj：serious；{乐}slow Noun：坟墓，死亡，堆积处Life beyond the grave来世Dig one’s own~自掘坟墓As silent/quiet as the grave寂静无声Take the secret to the~至死保密2，renaissanceN：文艺复兴（文化/风格）；复兴再生Cinema-going is enjoying sth of a renaissance。

去电影院看电影又有点流行了3，irrationalA：not logical or reasonableNot endowed with the power of reason失去理性的He had an~belief that everybody was his enemy荒谬的N:无理数，无理量，不尽根4，figureVi，（1）guess，think（2）~sth/sb out=understandI~ed on being there at95，meditationN，（1）冥思（2）默念，默想I left him in deep meditationThe book is a meditation on the morality of art.探讨His later letters are intense~s on man’s exploitation of his fellows他后期的书信深刻的思考了人对同类的剥削To practice meditation静坐默思Meditation posture can stimulate your body energyV，meditateto meditate on/upon sthA，meditative6，UFO=unidentified flying object7,enlightenmentN，启迪What~can you get from the text?V,enlighten~sb on/about sthan~ing program有启迪性的节目8，condemnVt，谴责~sb for sthWe all~cruelty to childrenIf children live with criticism,they learn to condemn.在指责中长大的孩子易于怨天尤人N Condemnation Deplore（1）Condemn（2）Regret strongly外交辞令中谴责用deploreDeplorable恶劣的极坏的What's the trait you most deplore in yourself？你最不喜欢你自己哪点？9，an unacknowledged hold on sb=an unrecognized control/influence on sbP21，admit to（介词)sth/being sth2，implyVt暗示，暗指，意指salesmen who use jargon to~superior knowledge用行业术语暗示自己知识高人一等的销售The report~ies that two million jobs might be lost.报告暗示可能会有200万人失业infer推断，推论inferable adj3，naivete n.=naive adjLack of sophistication or worldliness4，ignorance ignorant adjN,lake of knowledge or informationHe acted in~of basic procedures.他对基本程序一无所知就行动了5，flourishV，（1）（人，动植物）茂盛，繁荣Wild plants flourish on the banks of the lake.迅速发展，兴旺，成功The organization has continued to flourish.该机构继续发展壮大（人）处于事业鼎盛期of this century活跃在本世纪初的那位漫画家兼幽默家（2）人挥舞物以引起注意，炫耀“Happy New Year”he yelled,flourishing a bottle of whisky.他挥动着威士忌酒瓶喊着：新年好6,manifestationN:表现形式，化身The butterfly was one of the many~s of the goddess.蝴蝶是女神的众多化身之一。

高级英语第六册翻译Unit 2 A Class Act1.成长在二战期间战火连天的曼彻斯特意味着生活艰辛，金钱紧缺，整日焦虑不安，当铺成了大多数家庭经常去的地方，当然也包括我家。

2.然而，我不能对已经很有进取心和积极乐观的父母有更多的要求了。

他们艰辛地工作，用尊严和快乐来支撑着这个家庭。

我强壮而又智慧的父亲几乎无所不能，而且从不缺木匠和手工艺活。

为了满足家庭开支，他甚至参加了偶尔在小巷组织的拳击比赛。

至于我的母亲，她勤劳节约，极爱干净。

即使条件艰苦，在母亲的照料下，她的五个孩子总能吃得饱饱地，穿得干干净净地去学校。

3.尽管我的衣服熨得很平整，鞋子擦得发亮，还是不符合学校的着装标准。

尽管妈妈勤俭持家/省吃俭用，想办法为我们做衣服，但是我还是没有学校指定的蓝色校服和帽徽。

4.由于战争，政府实施定量配给制。

很多学校都放宽了对学生着装的要求，因为他们知道在那个时候弄到衣服是一件很困难的事情。

尽管如此，我所在的女子学校对着装的要求依旧很严格，每个学生必须要穿学校指定的校服。

所以，每天主持校会的副校长就把教我一个人如何着装当成了他的工作。

5.虽然我努力地向老师说明我不能遵守的理由，并且事实上，我也在努力地改进，但是每天老师都会把我从队伍中拉出来，然后让我站到台上，作为不穿校服到学校的学生的典型。

6.每天，当我独自一人尴尬地站在同学们的面前时，我都会强忍住泪水。

为了惩罚我，老师甚至不允许我参加体操队，也不允许我参加我最喜欢的每周一次的交际舞会。

我多么希望在这所可怕的学校里，能有这样一位老师，他会睁开双眼，然后看看我会做什么，而不是不断地告诉我不能做什么。

7.然而，在我十二岁的记忆中，除了接受惩罚我别无选择。

不要让我善良的母亲知晓这种惯例的惩罚对我而言是很重要的，我不敢冒险让她来学校为我说情，因为我知道心胸狭隘、不讲情面的教员会同样地使她难堪，那意味着我们俩都会不愉快、会气愤。

千万不要啊，如果她告诉我父亲的话，他将会立即为保护我而与老师大打出手。

沪教牛津版七年级上册Module4 Fun timeUnit 7 School clubs【目标】通过本单元的学习，学生的综合语言能力要达到以下听:能够听懂有关描述不同种类社团的主要活动项目说:能够谈论自己所在学校的社团以及其中的相关活动,并且能够描述自己在社团中的活动感受读:能够读懂关于学校社团展览会的文章写:能够完成介绍学校社团的海报【重点单词】掌握本单元重点单词的音、形、义、性、用1.fair展览会2.photography摄影3.rocket火箭4.solar太阳的5.power能量6.attend 参加，上课7.teach教，讲授unch 发射9.disappear消失10.surprised(人）感到吃惊的11.another 又一；另一12.amazing令人大为惊奇的（事物）13.skill 技术14.boring 令人厌倦的（厌烦)15.headline 大字标题rmation信息；资料17.ant蚂蚁18.butterfly 蝴蝶19.bee蜜蜂20.recent近来的21.recently 最近【重点短语】掌握本单元重点短语并能熟练造句1.learn about了解2.all the way一直，一路上3.of course当然4.remote control遥控器5.look up查阅6.how many多少st month上个月8.play with与...玩9. a few一点10.get to know逐渐了解11.watch/ see a film看电影12.on TV在电视上13.go on a hiking trip去徒步旅行14.go for a walk去散步15.have a picnic野餐16.so.... that....太...以致于17.leave for动身去某地18.a lot of大量19.go on a long walk走了很长一段路20.get up起床21.enjoy oneself玩的开心22.after that在那之后23.play games玩游戏24.take pictures拍照25.take place发生26.go home回家27.wait for等待28.with the help of在....的帮助下29.according to根据【经典句型】1.Our club will teach you how to build rockets.2.Thanks for the email.3. Did you get to know any other clubs?4.Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.5. The night before,I was so excited that I could not sleep!6. WI en we were all there, we left for Lucky Island7. Finally it was time to go home .8.I cannot wait for my next adventure with Mr Li and the Hiking Club!【核心语法】熟练掌握本单元核心语法:1.一般过去时2.表示过去的时间状语知识点一teach的用法Our club will teach you how to build rockets.我们的社团将会教你们如何制造火箭。

In the time of “reason”, superstition does not be regarded largely as a serious challenge to science. Few people will admit to being superstitious; it implies naive or ignorance. But I live in the middle of a large university, and I see superstition in its four forms, alive and flourishing among people who are undoubtedly rational and learned.You did not know that superstition takes four forms? Theologians assure us that it does. First is what they call Vain Observances, such as not walking under a ladder, and that kind of thing. Yet I saw a deeply learned professor of anthropology, who had spilled some salt, throwing a pinch of it over his left shoulder; when I ask ed him why, he replied, with a wink, that it was “to hit the Devil in the eye.” I did not question him further about his belief in the Devil, but I noticed that he did not smile until I asked him what he was doing.The second form is Divination, or consulting oracles. Another learned professor I know, who would solve a problem by tossing a coin, told me quite seriously that he has dealt with a matter related to university affairs by consulting the I Ching. And why not? There are thousands of people on this world who appeal to the I Ching. The I Ching, to the embarrassment of rationalists, often gives excellent advice.The third form is Idolatry, and universities can show plenty of that. If you have ever taken a large examination, you know how many jujus, lucky coins, and other bringers of luck are placed on the desks of students. Modest idolatry, but what else can you call it?The fourth form is Improper Worship of the True God. A while ago, I learned that every day, for several days, a $2 bill had been tucked under a candlestick on the altar of a college chapel. Investigation revealed that an engineering student, worried about a girl, thought that bribery of the Deity might help. When I talked with him, he did not think he was pricing God cheap because he could afford no more.Superstition, actually , is below the surface of human consciousness. It has done so for as long as we have any chronicle of human behavior, and although I cannot prove it, I doubt if it is more prevalent today than it has always been. Superstition, the theologians tell us, comes from the Latin supersisto, meaning to stand in terror of the Deity. Most people keep their terror within bounds, but they cannot root it out, nor do they seem to want to do so.Superstition in general is li nked to man’s yearning to know his fate, and to have some hand in deciding it. When my mother was a child, she innocently joined her Catholic friends in killing spiders on July 11, until she learned that this was done to ensure heavy rain the day following. I knew an Italian, a good scientist, who watched every morning before leaving his house, so that the first person he met would not be a priest as this would certainly bring bad luck.I am not one to stand aloof from the rest of humanity in this matter, for when I was a university student, a gypsy14 woman with a child in her arms used to appear every year at examination time, and ask a shilling of anyone who touched the Lucky Baby; this cost me four shillings altogether, and I never failed an examination. Of course, I did it merely for the joke —or so Ithought then. Now, I am humbler.。

7B Unit 7 Abilities一．单元总述同学们，欢迎进入本单元！本单元以有关“技能，责任和个性”的话题为重点，谈论了在社区里年轻人该如何帮助他人。

本单元介绍了具有实用功能的“技能，责任，个性”方面的用语。

还介绍了情态动词can和could, may和might的用法。

我相信聪明的你一定会将本单元所有的知识点掌握牢的。

加油！（一）. 教学目标1.基础知识单词：outdoor, hurry, complain, that, camping, cyclingriding, skating, ride, rabbit, hole, pass, by, dear, fall, hit, herself, alone, low, locked, notice, into, side, through, tent, wood, period, dynasty,century, Italian, province, picnic, excited, mobile phone, become, while,decide, enter, toward（s）, forgetreach, climb, fail语法：can could may might的用法“情态动词+动词原形”的用法感叹句的用法2．基本技能通过听，说，读，写掌握本单元的对话，短文和相关词汇，并运用新词汇来谈论“技能，责任和个性”。

3．情感态度激发学生对本单元话题的兴趣；让学生在合作中体会集体智慧的力量，取长补短，共同进步。

4．学习策略综合应用和自主学习；利用上下文语境及阅读技巧复习巩固所学知识。

第一课时 Comic strip and welcome to the unit[学习目标]1.谈超人，说超人能干些什么，运用 can和can’t。

2.复习有关在社区帮助他人的词汇，考虑如何关心和帮助他人。

[课前自主学习]你看过美国电影《超人》吗？你认为他能做的事的后面写“Yes”,不能做的后面写“No”。