动词的持续性
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初中短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解根据有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
(一)持续性动词: 表示动作通常是持续性的,如:live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write ,dance, sing,smoke①常与段时间连用。
例如:Mr Zhang has lived here for two years.张先生在这儿住了两年了。
He has taught there since 1987.自1987年来他一直在那儿教书。
②不与点时间连用(do, have, eat等除外)。
例如:Mary has worked at eight. (×)She walked at five yesterday. (×),(二)瞬间性动词: 表示动作开始即停止,如:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,go,leave,lend,mary,r each,receive , sell,等。
1,从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”:几乎同时或在极短的时间里(如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’)就完成了“开始—结束”的过程,如“Close the door”, “Open the door”2,有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程”可能稍微长一些,但也不会很长的,如,“buy sth(买下)”:付了款、拿了发票即完成了。
所以,“我买了这块手表5年了”,在汉语中说的通,但英语的表达就不能说:I have bought the watch for five years.buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for…A: I have had the watch for 5 years.、B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch.C: I bought it 5 years ago.同理,“borrow sth”“借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就结束了,不可能“借”几个星期或好几年的!汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。
持续性动词与非持续性动词及其变换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为持续性动词与非持续性动词。
一.持续性动词表示能够持续的动作 ,如: learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
持续性动词能够与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有 :for+一段时间 ,如:for 2 years,for a long time; since 从句 , 如: since he came here; since+时间点名词 , 如: since last year, since 5 days ago; how long等。
请看例句has lived here for 6 years.请看例句can keep the book for 5 days.请看例句stayed there for 2 weeks last year.请看例句long did you stay there last year请看例句brother has joined the army for two years .(误)My brother has been a soldier for two years .(正)我哥哥自 1999 年就从军了。
请看例句brother has joined the army since 1999.(误)My brother has been a soldier since 1999(正)你哥哥从军多久了请看例句long has your brother joined the army (误)How long has your brother been a soldier(正)二.非持续性动词也称停止性动词、瞬时动词或点动词 ,表示不可以持续的动作 ,这类动作发生后立刻结束。
持续动词与瞬间动词英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。
持续性动词表示一个动作可持续一段时间,此类动词有do, live, have, keep, wear, sleep, wait, work, play, stay, know, sing, dance, write, study, rest, talk, walk等.瞬时性动词表示不能持续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,此类动词有open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave, move, borrow, buy, die, lend, join, catch, get, win, fail等一、持续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
二、瞬间性动词表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。
亦称终止性动词。
常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。
以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
三、用法1、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。
例如:His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。
持续动词与瞬间动词英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。
持续性动词表示一个动作可持续一段时间,此类动词有do, live, have, keep, wear, sleep, wait, work, play, stay, know, sing, dance, write, study, rest, talk, walk等.瞬时性动词表示不能持续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,此类动词有 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave, move, borrow, buy, die, lend, join, catch, get, win, fail等一、持续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
二、瞬间性动词表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。
亦称终止性动词。
常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。
以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
三、用法1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束,例如:He has studied English for three years.(他学英语已有3年了。
一、怎么判别单词是持续性动词还是瞬间动词英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy, catch a cold, hear, hear from等。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
二、持续性动词和瞬时性动词用法解析1、因为瞬时性表示动作是短暂的不能够持续,瞬时性动词的现在完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用如:since,for等引导的状语。
He has died for three years.(错误)因为die是一个瞬时性动词,所以不能和for three years 表示一段时间的时间状语连用但是可以改成:He has been dead for three years. 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词He died three years ago. 将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语It is three years since he died. 用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达Three years has passed since he died. 用句型"时间+has passed + since..."表达练习:He has come here for five days. 将其改为正确的。
短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解初中短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解根据有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
(一)持续性动词: 表示动作通常是持续性的,如:live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write, dance, sing,smoke①常与段时间连用。
例如:Mr Zhang has lived here for two years.张先生在这儿住了两年了。
He has taught there since 1987.自1987年来他一直在那儿教书。
②不与点时间连用(do, have, eat等除外)。
例如:Mary has worked at eight. (×)She walked at five yesterday. (×)(二)瞬间性动词: 表示动作开始即停止,如:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,go,leave,lend,mary,r each,receive , sell,等。
1,从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”:几乎同时或在极短的时间里(如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’)就完成了“开始—结束”的过程,如“Close the door”, “Open the door”2,有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程”可能稍微长一些,但也不会很长的,如,“buy sth(买下)”:付了款、拿了发票即完成了。
所以,“我买了这块手表5年了”,在汉语中说的通,但英语的表达就不能说:I have bought the watch for five years.buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for…A: I have had the watch for 5 years.B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch.C: I bought it 5 years ago.同理,“borrow sth”“借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就结束了,不可能“借”几个星期或好几年的!汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。
终结性动词、非终结性动词、持续性非终结性动词等名词解释实意动词根据语义分为静态动词和动态动词。
所有的静态动词都是持续性动词,都是非终结性动词(静态动词没有结束意义),这是不言而喻的。
动态动词则根据一个动词表示的情景是否具有持续期而分为持续性动词或延续性动词(durative verb)和短暂动词(puntural verb )。
例如:She is sleeping. 这个句子中的sleep为持续性动词。
She entered the room. 这个句子中的动词enter为短暂动词。
动态动词还可以根据一个动词表示的情景是否导致状态的改变而分为终结性动词(conclusive verb)和非终结性动词(non-conclusive verb)。
例如,She is reading. 这个句子中,动词read为非终结性动词,该动作并没有导致状态的改变。
She opened the door. 该句的动词open则为终结性动词,open这个动作导致门由关闭的状态转变为开着的状态。
因此,一个动态动词根据是否具有持续期以及是否导致状态的改变可以分为以下四类:1 非终结性持续动词此类动词多为不及物动词,动作具有持续期,不导致状态的改变。
例如:rain, snow, shine, walk, run, write, read, sleep等。
此类动词用进行体,表示动作处于持续期,译为“正在”。
2 终结性持续动词此类动词以及物动词为主,动作具有持续期,最终导致状态的改变。
例如:ripen, grow up, turn red, improve, read (及物),write (及物), make, eat(及物), drink(及物)等。
此类动词用进行体,表示动作处于持续期,转态还没有完全改变。
译为“正在”。
3 非终结性短暂动词此类动词的动作没有持续期,不导致状态的改变。
例如:sneeze,explode,flash, blink, jump, kick, knock, tap, nod, pat等。
初中短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解根据有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
(一)持续性动词: 表示动作通常是持续性的,如:live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach, eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke①常与段时间连用。
例如:Mr Zhang has lived here for two years.张先生在这儿住了两年了。
He has taught there since 1987.自1987年来他一直在那儿教书。
②不与点时间连用(do, have, eat等除外)。
例如:Mary has worked at eight. (×)She walked at five yesterday. (×)(二)瞬间性动词: 表示动作开始即停止,如:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,go,lea ve,lend,mary,reach,receive , sell,等。
1,从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”:几乎同时或在极短的时间里(如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’)就完成了“开始—结束”的过程,如“Close the door”, “Open the door”2,有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程”可能稍微长一些,但也不会很长的,如,“buy sth(买下)”:付了款、拿了发票即完成了。
所以,“我买了这块手表5年了”,在汉语中说的通,但英语的表达就不能说:I have bought the watch for five years.buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for…A: I have had the watch for 5 years.B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch. C: I bought it 5 years ago.同理,“borrow sth”“借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就结束了,不可能“借”几个星期或好几年的!汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。
中考英语持续性动词与非持续性动词及其变换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为持续性动词与非持续性动词。
一.持续性动词表示能够持续的动作 ,如: learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
持续性动词能够与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有 :for+ 一段时间 ,for 2 years; since从句 ,since he came here; since+时间点名词 ,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?二.非持续性动词也称停止性动词、瞬时动词,表示不可以持续的动作 ,这类动作发生后立刻结束不可以与时间段连用。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
假如要与时间段连用,就把它转为持续性动词使用。
非持续性动词在一定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如: two years ago; at 5o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.但否认的停止性动词能够与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.三.持续性动词与非持续性动词之间的变换: leave --- be away, borrow --- keep,buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构 , be a member of+组织机构 , open---be open, close--- be closed fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- behere, go there --- be there,become --- be,come back --- be back,fall asleep --- be asleep,get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),leave --- be away,go (get) out →be out,put on→wear get married ---- be married等。
持续动词与瞬间动词英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。
持续性动词表示一个动作可持续一段时间,此类动词有do, live, have, keep, wear, sleep, wait, work, play, stay, know, sing, dance, write, study, rest, talk, walk等.瞬时性动词表示不能持续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,此类动词有open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave, move, borrow, buy, die, lend, join, catch, get, win, fail等一、持续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write,clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
二、瞬间性动词表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。
亦称终止性动词。
常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter,hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up,set out, put on, get on/off等。
以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
三、用法1、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。
例如:His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。
第38天瞬时动词与持续性动词
[学习要点]
瞬时动词与持续性动词的区别和在句中的应用。
[家教点窍]
一、瞬时动词表示短暂、非连续性的动作;持续性动词表示可持续一段时间的动作。
二、瞬时动词不能和for+时间段的状语连用。
若句中有此形式的状语,须把动词改为持续性动词或表示状态的动词。
三、瞬时动词和till,until连用,应用其否定形式。
四、瞬时动词常用于since引导的时间状语从句中。
[典型例题]
例1 选择填空。
Jack a doctor for five years.
(A)has become (B)has turned (C)has changed (D)has been
评析become,turn,change,leave,borrow,buy等动词都是瞬时动词,不能和for+时间状语连用,be可表示主语所处状态。
答案选(D)。
例2 改错。
Joe told his friends that his father had died for three years.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
评析die是瞬时动词,不可以和表时间状语的for短语连用,应用可表示其状态的动词代替,故改(C)为had been dead。
例3 汉译英。
昨天晚上母亲等到我回来才睡觉。
评析睡觉go to bed为瞬时动词短语,表示“等”用until引导的时间状语从句。
在此结构中主句动词要用否定式。
此句译成:Mother didn’t go to bed until I came back last night.
[强化训练]
一、改错。
1.When Tom arrived he learned Mary had left for almost half an hour.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2.When I saw her at the meeting yesterday she put on a new dress.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3.he didn’t keep running until he heard someone calling him.(持续性动词+until;not 不持续性动词+until)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4.—When did you get up this morning?
(A) (B)
—At eight. I have get up for two hours.
(C) (D)
5.Can I borrow this book for a moment?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
st year, he has lived there for three months, but I never met him.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7.It is five years since he is ill.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8.He has left here and I’m sure he has arrived there for two hours.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
二、选择填空。
1.His brother the Party for one year.
(A)has been in (B)has entered (C)has joined (D)joined
2.The girl three days ago.
(A)has been dead (B)died (C)has died (D)was dead
3.I have never heard from him ever since he China.
(A)has left (B)lefts (C)leaves (D)left
4.He a cold for two days and he can’t be well.
(A)had got (B)has have (C)has had (D)got
st night, I him and we talked for two hours.
(A)came to know (B)comes to know (C)have known (D)knew
三、汉译英。
1.这本书他借了三天了,明天他还你。
2.从你看到他的那天起,他就离开学校了。
3.上周他一直在家,昨天他开始外出了。
参考答案
一、1.(C)had been away 2.(C)wore 3.(A)kept 4.(D)be up(get up是瞬时动作) 5.(B)keep 6.(A)lived(lived是持续性动词,可以和for时间段联用) 7.(D)was
8.(D)has been
二、1.(A) 2.(B) 3.(D) 4.(C) 5.(A)
三、1.He has kept this book for three days. He will return it to you tomorrow. 2.He has been away from this school since you saw her. 3.He was at home all the time last week and he began to go out yesterday.。