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Translation Excise (2011)His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.主人有意的忽视增加了他的不安1.He realizes that he is not as healthy as he was.他意识到他不是那样健康2.Tom left the shop without a word.汤姆离开了商店没有说一句话3.They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, manyChinese have laid down their lives. 1。
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力,这个理想是接近每个炎黄子孙的心中的,在过去,许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。
4.She could not find a happier child in the world as she laid on her crib at the close of that eventful day andrelived the joys she had from it, and for the first time she longed for a new day to come 1。
她找不到一个更快乐的孩子放在她的世界,她的床,在结束一天的欢乐重温多事的她,她第一次渴望新的一天来了。
.5.No hand can make the clock strike for me the hours that we are passed.时间如流水一去不复返。
6.It is very d ifficult to know people and I don’t think one can ever really know any but one’s own countrymen.了解人不是一件容易的事；我觉得一个人除掉他本国人以外，很难说真正了解什么人7.They never fail who die in a great cause./为伟大事业而死，决不是失败8. A lie can be halfway round the world before the truth has got its boots on./ 真话未出门，谎言行千里9.So swift was the advance that the German did not have time to destroy the harbor facilities at Antwerp./ 盟军进展神速，德军来不及破坏安特卫普的港口设施10.The record was considered soft since it was set last May./ 这个记录是去（今）年五月创造的，人们并不认为这是什么无法超过的记录11.Work is the grand cure of all the maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind.工作是医治大病痛和疾苦的万应良药工作是医治人间一切疾病和厄运的良药12.Then she saw her husband and two middle-aged men who looked like brokers siting at a table in the corner.不一会儿，她瞧见丈夫跟两个经纪人模样的中年人在屋角的一张桌子边坐着。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section I Use of English古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”。
尽管有些相反的意见，但笑可能对身体健康影响极小。
笑确实能对心脏和血管产生短期的改变，笑能够促进心律呼吸速率。
但是因为大笑很难持续，一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生很大的益处。
实际上，其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是起到了相反的作用，二十世纪三十年代的一项研究表明笑可以放松肌肉，在狂笑平息之后45分钟内会降低肌肉张力。
这样的身体放松可能会帮助减轻心理紧张状态的影响。
笑的行为毕竟可能会产生其他形式的身体上的反馈来提高个体的情绪状态。
根据一个经典的情绪理论，我们的感觉部分根源于身体上的反映。
十九世纪末人们便争论这一说法：人们不会因为他们伤心而哭，但当开始尽管悲伤能产生眼泪，证据显示情绪是肌肉反应的结果。
1988年德国乌子堡大学的社会心理学家做了一个实验，他让志愿者用牙咬住一支笔做出假笑，或者用嘴含住一支笔，这个动作会让人产生一种失望的表情。
那些被强制锻炼笑肌的人比那些嘴唇皱着表情失望的人在观看有趣的动画片时反应更加丰富，这暗示了表情可能会影响情绪，而不只是反过来情绪会影响表情。
同样，笑这一生理行为可以改善心Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监，这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。
别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的。
“好啊，终于好了！” AnthonyTommasini写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。
但是，这个任命之所以引起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert相对而言并不是很有名。
甚至在时代杂志上发文支持Gilbert任命的Tommasini都称其为“低调的音乐家，在他身上找不到那种飞扬跋扈的指挥家的气质。
Text 3From：McKinsey Quarterly 《麦肯锡季刊》Beyond paid media: Marketing’s new vocabulary1---The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional ―paid‖ media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may, for example, create ―earned‖ media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage ―owned‖ me dia by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. In fact, the way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.过去市场营销要取得成功的大概指导方针常常是投入多少，收获多少。
Passage 1Women are terrible shoppers. 女人们是可怕的购物狂。
They spend a lot of time shopping and they only buy a few things.她们花费大量的时间用在购物上，然而买的东西却很少。
My wife is one of them.我的妻子就是她们其中的一位。
Sometimes she shops all day and she doesn't buy anything.有时她用一整天的时间去逛商店，然而却没买什么。
She tries on clothes all day and then doesn't bring anything home.This seems mad!她试穿了一整天的衣服，然而不带任何东西回家。
这似乎看起来太疯狂了！She's too fussy.她太挑剔了。
She only likes a few colors. 她只喜欢几个颜色。
Her favorite colors are blue, green and yellow. 她最喜欢的颜色是蓝色、绿色和黄色。
She doesn't like red and pink.她不喜欢红色和粉色。
They are too bright and they don't suit her.这些颜色太亮丽了不适合她。
And brown and gray aren't bright enough. Oh, she's fussy!褐色和灰色是不够亮。
哦，她太挑剔了。
This week, my wife bought herself a fur coat, and a ready-made suit dress, that is to say, a coat and a skirt.这个星期，我的妻子给自己买了一个毛皮大衣和一个现成的西装礼服，也就是说，外套和裙子。
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PSPWWE2011菜单翻译EXHIBITION（打普通的比赛就在这）、MY WWE（我的WWE）、ROAD TO WRESTLEMANIA（迈进摔角狂热）、GAME MODES（游戏模式）、CREATE MODES（创造模式）MATCH RULES：比赛规则→ENTRANCE：出场动画K.O.：用得意技、必杀技等方式取胜GIVE UP：可以令对手投降以获得胜利ROPE BREAK：只要被压制的一方碰到摔角绳，压制就算无效。
DQ：不会因各种违规行为，而被判比赛输掉。
RING OUT COUNT：出去摔角后的时间限制RING OUT：可以出去摔角场以外的地方INTERFERENCE：朋友或敌人可以随时出来捣乱比赛ESCAPE FROM THE CAGE DOOR（STEEL CAGE）：在玩铁笼赛时，能由铁笼的门逃出。
OVER THE TOP ROPE（BATTLE CAGE）：在玩皇家战时，可以将对手从最顶的摔角绳扔下。
PIN AND GIVE UP(STEEL CAGE）：在玩铁笼赛时，能以压制或屈服的方式获胜PLAY第一PLAY:简单模式第二UNIVERSE:赛程模式第三ROAD TO WRESTLEMANIA:剧情模式第四CREATE MODES:自建模式第五WIRELESS: 联网对战第六MY:wwe设置第一PLAY:简单模式-ONE ON ONE:一对一--NORMAL MATCH：普通比赛--INFERNO MATCH：地狱赛--FIRST BLOOD：第一滴血 (把对方打到出血)--HELL IN A CELL:地狱铁笼--IRON MAN：铁人赛--LADDER：梯子赛--LAST MAN STANDING：强者生存赛--SUBMISSION:投降赛--STEEL CAGE：铁笼赛--TABLE：桌子赛--TLC：桌子梯子椅子大赛--BACKSTAGE：后台赛--EXTREME RULES MATCH：极限规则比赛--MATCH CREATOR:比赛设定--FALLS COUNT ANYWHERE：在任何地方都可以压制的比赛--NORMAL SUBMISSION：普通屈服赛-TWO ON TWO--TAG TEAM：普通组合赛--TORNADO TAG：双人组合赛--MIXED TAG：男女组合混战赛--HELL IN A CELL TORNADO TAG：双人地狱牢笼组合赛--LADDER TORNADO TAG：双人梯子组合赛--STEEL CAGE TORNADO TAG 双人铁笼组合赛--TABLE TORNADO TAG：双人桌子组合赛--TLC TORNADO TAG：双人桌子梯子椅子组合赛--ELIMINATION TAG：组合交替淘汰赛--BACKSTAGE:团队后台赛--EXTREME RULES MATCH：极限规则组合比赛--MATCH CREATOR:比赛设定--FALLS COUNT ANYWHEREN TORNADO TAG：双人在任何地方都可以压制的比赛-TRIPLE THREAT--NORMAL：三人混战赛--HELL IN A CELL：地狱笼子三人赛--LADDER：梯子三人赛--STEEL CAGE：铁笼三人赛--TABLE：桌子三人赛--TLC：桌梯椅混合三人赛--EXTREME RULES MATCH：极限规则三人比赛--MATCH CREATOR:比赛设定--FALLS COUNT ANYWHERE：在任何地方都可以压制的三人赛-FATAL-4-WAY--NORMAL：四人混战赛--BATTLE ROYAL:四人擂台大战--HELL IN CELL：地狱笼子四人赛--LADDER：梯子四人赛--STEEL CAGE：铁笼四人赛--TABLE：桌子四人赛--TLC：桌梯椅混合四人赛--EXTREME RULES MATCH：极限规则四人比赛--MATCH CREATOR:比赛设定--FALLS COUNT ANYWHERE：在任何地方都可以压制的四人赛-6-MAN--BATTLE ROYAL：六人皇家战--NORMAL TAG：三对三组合赛--ELIMINATION TAG：三对三组合淘汰赛--ELIMINATION CHAMBER：铁笼淘汰赛--ARMAGEDDON HELL IN A CELL：ARMAGEDDON地狱密室六人赛--LADDER:六人梯子赛--MATCH CREATOR:比赛设定--MONEY IN THE BANK：金钱抢夺六人赛-HANDICAP--GAUNTLET：轮流淘汰赛--ONE ON TWO：一对二团队--ONE ON TAG：一对交替组合--ONE ON THREE TORNADD：一对三--ONE ON THREE TAG：一对交替三人组合--TWO ON THREE TAG：组合对三人组合--MATCH CREATOR:比赛设定-ROYAL RUMBLE--10-MAN ROYAL RUMBLE: 十人皇家大赛--20-MAN ROYAL RUMBLE：二十人皇家大赛--30-MAN ROYAL RUMBLE：三十人皇家大赛-CHAMPIONSHIP SCRAMBLE：冠军争夺赛-进入赛程模式:-MATCHES-SELECT MATCH:自选比赛-CUSTOM MATCH:自定义比赛-SCHEDULE:时间表-RANKINGS:排名-NEWS:新闻-MYWWE设置和管理第四CREATE MODES:自建模式-STORY DESIGNER:故事设计模式--NEW:新故事--LIST:故事清单-CREATE SUPERSTAR:创建一个新明星--NEW SUPERSTAR:新的明星--NEW DIVA:新的女子选手--TEMPLATES:人物模型--EDIT:读取--COPY:复制--DELETE:删除-CREATE A FINISHER:创建一个新终结技--NEW FINISHER:新的终结技--EDIT:读取第五CREATE AN ENTRANCE:创建一个开场--EASY CREATION:简单设置（详情请看下面的图片）--ADVANCED CRREATION:动态设置（详情请看下面的图片）--CREATE A MOVE-SET:设置招数和动作（详情请看下面的图片）第六MY:wwe设置--SUPERSTAR MANAGEMENT:明星管理模式--TEAM MANAGEMENT:团队管理--OPTIONS:设定Match RuleENTRANCE：出场动画K.O.：不通过压制的方式使对手放弃比赛GIVE UP：通过锁技令对手放弃比赛ROPE BREAK：压制时碰到绳子无效。
2011 英语二翻译及重点词Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of g reenhouse gases as the world‘s airlines do --- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions ?谁会想到，在全球范围内，互联网行业会像世界航空公司样产生相同数量的温室气体呢——大概是所有二氧化碳排放量的百分之二重点词：volume 量〔尤指巨大的或正在增加的〕量，总量| roughly 大约大概= about | emission n. 排放 emit \discharge v. 排放 | airlines 航空公司railroads 铁路公司Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. 许多日常的工作把惊人的二氧化碳排放到大气中重点词：everyday tasks 日常工作everyday talks 日常对话| take a toll on 损害；产生负面影响；产生损失 toll gate 收费站 toll n.死伤人数A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attem pts are needed to get the right answer. 一条谷歌搜索大概排放0.2-0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于得到正确的答案需要多少次尝试重点词：leak v.泄漏 date leakage (n.泄漏）数据泄漏 | attempt 尝试To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres around t he world, packed with powerful computers. 为了快速地给用户传送搜索结果，谷歌必须在全世界保佑大量的的数据中心，这些数据中心塞满了功能强大的电脑重点词：deliver 传送寄送| maintain 维持保持| vast 巨大的| pack 塞满，包装 package n. 打包包装plain package 平装，普通包装 elegant package 精美的包装poor package 差的包装|While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the ce ntres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy. 在产生大量的二氧化碳的同时，这些电脑散发大量的热量，所以这些数据中心需要配以空调，而空调就需要更多的能量重点词：air-conditioned空调air conditioner | heat n.热量v.供热加热 heating device 供热装置|However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make imp rovements.然而，谷歌和其他大的技术提供商密切监控他们的工作效率，并有所提高重点词：monitor v.监控 n.班长 | provide v.提供= offer | closely 密切地| improvement n.改善改进提高Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and n ot just by big companies. 监控是减排的第一步，但大公司还有更多可以做的，也不只是通过大公司来减排。
2011 北大翻译硕士英汉翻译基础试题一词语翻译英译汉1.reciprocal banquet2.pop concert3.black tea4.Red-hot news5.sanitary ware6.talk show7.Illegal assembly8.WHO9.Business loan10.liberal education11.Monetary restraint12.Triple crown13.Byzantine Empire14.CNN15.Net speak（PS：在这里我要提醒大家了，各个学校的真题都有帮助的，比如这次就考了很多10年其他学校的很多原题……）汉译英1.中央情报局2.餐馆勤杂工3.军事法庭4.新手5.核裁军6.杀人未遂7.主题公园8.习惯法9.破产申请10.经济指标11.学费减免12.半决赛13.百老汇大街14.病毒清除程序15.桂冠诗人二.语篇翻译汉译英：西洋的大诗人很多，第一个介绍到中国来的偏偏是郎费罗。
郎费罗的好诗或较好的诗也不少，第一首译为中文的偏偏是《人生颂》。
那可算是文学交流史对文学教授和评论家们的小小嘲讽或挑衅了！历史上很多——现在就也不少——这种不很合理的事例，更确切地说，很不合学者们的理想和理论的事例。
这些都显示休谟所指出的，“是这样”(is)和“应该怎样”(Ought)两者合不拢。
在历史过程中，事物的发生和发展往往跟我们闹别扭，恶作剧，推翻了我们定下的铁案，涂抹了我们画出的蓝图，给我们的不透风、不漏水严密理论系统搠上大大小小的窟窿。
”通常说“历史的教训”，仿佛历史只是严厉正经的上级领导老师；其实历史也像淘气捣乱的小孩子，爱开玩笑，捉弄人。
英译汉One day, in the autumn of 1845, I accidentally lighted on a MS. volume of verse in my sister Emily's handwriting. Of course, I was not surprised, knowing that she could and did write verse: I looked it over, and something more than surprise seized me--a deep conviction that these were not common effusions, nor at all like the poetry women generally write. I thought them condensed and terse, vigorous and genuine. To my ear they had also a peculiar music--wild, melancholy, and elevating.My sister Emily was not a person of demonstrative character, nor one on the recesses of whose mind and feelings even those nearest and dearest to her could, with impunity, intrude unlicensed; it took hours to reconcile her to the discovery I had made, and days to persuade her that such poems merited publication. I knew, however, that a mind like hers could not be without some latent spark of honourable ambition, and refused to be discouraged in my attempts to fan that spark to flame.Meantime, my younger sister quietly produced some of her own compositions, intimating that, since Emily's had given me pleasure, I might like to look at hers. I could not but be a partial judge, yet I thought that these verses, too, had a sweet, sincere pathos of their own.We had very early cherished the dream of one day becoming authors. This dream, never relinquished even when distance divided and absorbing tasks occupied us, now suddenly acquired strength and consistency: it took the character of a resolve. We agreed to arrange a small selection of our poems, and, if possible, to get them printed. Averse to personal publicity, we veiled our own names under those of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell; the ambiguous choice being dictated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because--without at that time suspecting that our mode of writing and thinking was not what is called 'feminine'--we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice;分享谢腾达谢腾达的分享当前分享返回分享首页»分享英语就得说得这么native来源：高翔的日志1．I wasn't born yesterday.（我又不是三岁小孩)2．How do I address you?（我怎么称呼你)3．She turns me off.（她使我厌烦。
1---The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.2009年纽约交响乐团突然决定雇佣Alan Gilbert作为它的下任音乐指挥，这一直成为了经典音乐界的话题。
大多数的反应至少是支持的。
连不苟言笑的Anthony Tommasini也写到：万岁！结束！hooray[hu5rei]（=hurrah）int.万岁!n.万岁v.万岁sober-sided[不苟言笑的人；镇定不乱的人]to say the least 至少可以说...to say the least 最起码philharmonic [filB:5mCnik] adj. 爱好音乐的n. 交响乐团2---One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious（隐性猜词题）musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.但是，聘任来得如此突然的原因之一是Gilbert不怎么出名。
Text 4出处：/2010/07/09/not-on-board-with-baby.html1---It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, ―I love My Children, I Hate My Life,‖ is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that ―the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.‖毋庸置疑，Jennifer Senior撰写的―我爱我的孩子，但我讨厌我的生活‖是一篇挑衅的同时又有深度的杂志封面文章。
“美利坚，你的路在何方？”半个世纪前，“垮掉的一代”的代表作家杰克•凯鲁雅克就曾发出这样的疑问，现在这个问题成为困扰世界经济的最大不确定性因素，同时也反应了美国选民最大的担忧，11月2日国会中期选举在即，而美国10%的失业率还是居高不下。
人们要有所准备，前路漫漫，充满坎坷。
The most wrenching recession since the 1930s ended a year ago. But the recovery—none too powerful to begin with—slowed sharply earlier this year. GDP grew by a feeble 1.6% at an annual pace in the second quarter, and seems to have been stuck somewhere similar since. The housing market slumped after temporary tax incentives to buy a home expired. So few private jobs were being created that unemployment looked likelier to rise than fall. Fears grew over the summer that if this deceleration continued, America’s economy would slip back into recession.自上世纪30年代以来最严重的经济衰退在一年前结束。
但是复苏的起步步伐不够强劲，并且势头在今年早些时候突然放缓。
GDP在第二季度的年增长速度只有区区1.6%，并且自那以后就再无起色。
政府对购买过期未还贷的住房给予短期的税收鼓励政策，但是之后房地长市场行情一路下跌。
考研翻译的最重要的技能――拆分拆分点：1.连词(and, or, but, yet, for等并列连词连接并列句；when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, though, although, so that)2.引导词(that, which , who)3.介词（on, in, with, at, of, to）4.分词(现在分词、过去分词)5.to （不定式常常构成不定式短语作修饰语）6.标点(标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点)注意：单个的单词不拆分出来：比如you and I. 不用断开。
难点：先行词+其他成分+定语从句The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root.(1991阅读)先行词+其他定语+定语从句……there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.(2005阅读)先行词+状语+定语从句…..questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers.(1996)先行词+谓语部分+定语从句知识点归纳：状语从句翻译要点1.遵循直译，顺序翻译。
2.★先翻从句，后翻主句。
状语结构a.时间、方式、地点状语翻译在主语之后，动词之前b.时间状语结构在前，地点状语结构在后c.具有概括性的状语，即：修饰整句的状语从句或者状语结构，要提到句子前面去翻译。
2009(46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(1) 抽筋留骨去皮毛：It may be said that the measure …. is its effect….; but this effect is not a part …...It may be said…….据说…..可以说……may ….; but…... 尽管可以……但是……..It may be said that ….; but……尽管可以说，…..，但是………第二步：添皮毛：the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience任何一个社会机构/制度价值的衡量是它的影响/作用在扩大和促进经历。
任何一个社会机构/制度价值的衡量标准是它在扩大和促进经历方面的影响/作用。
institution experienceIn the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.(46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; ….in enlarging and improving experience在扩大和促进经历方面in enlarging experience and improving experience在扩大经验和改进经验方面在增长知识和提高技能方面the measure of the worth of any social institution institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience任何一种社会制度价值的衡量标准是它在在增长知识和提高技能方面的影响/作用。
任何一种社会制度价值的衡量标准是看它在增长知识和提高技能方面的影响/作用。
任何一种社会制度价值的衡量标准是看它是否有助于人们增长知识和提高技能。
but this effect is not a part of its original motive.但是这种影响/作用不是它的最初动机的一部分。
但是这种影响/作用不是其/社会制度最初动机的一部分。
但是这种影响并不是其最初的动机。
译文：尽管可以说，任何一种社会制度价值的衡量标准是看它是否有助于人们增长知识和提高技能，但是这种影响并不是其最初的动机。
(47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.(1) 抽筋留骨去皮毛：Only gradually was the by-product …… noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor …...第二步：添皮毛：Only gradually was the by-product of the institution notedonly出现句首而采用了部分倒装，所以was noted 一起构成谓语只是这种制度的副产品被逐渐认识到只是逐渐认识到这种制度的副产品人们只是逐渐认识到这种制度的副产品人们只是逐渐认识到这种制度的附带影响人们只是逐渐认识到这种制度产生的附带影响only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.only出现句首而采用了部分倒装，所以was considered as 一起构成谓语只是逐渐地这种影响被看作是指导性的因素在这种制度的行为中只是逐渐地在这种制度的行为中把这种影响看作是指导性的因素只是逐渐地把这种影响看作是在实施制度中具有指导性的因素Only gradually …, and only more gradually …...more gradually 更加逐渐更加缓慢因为有more ,前后句构成递进和对比的关系，所以加“而” ，逻辑上会跟紧凑。
译文：人们只是逐渐地认识到这种制度产生的附带影响，而把这种影响看作是在实施制度中具有指导意义，则更加缓慢。
(48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.(1) 抽筋留骨去皮毛：While it is easy to ignore …. the effect, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.第二步：添皮毛：While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,尽管很容易忽视在我们与他们接触中，我们的行为对他们性格的影响尽管在我们与他们交往中，很容易忽视我们的行为对他们性格的影响他们But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,尽管在我们与年轻人交往中，很容易忽视我们的行为对年轻人性格的影响“我们”有点冗繁尽管在与年轻人交往中，我们很容易忽视自己的行为对年轻人性格的影响尽管在与年轻人交往中，我们很容易忽视自己的行为对年轻人性格所产生的影响it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.不像在处理成年时那么容易不像在与成年交往时那么容易不像在与成年交往时那么容易（忽视这种影响）译文：尽管在与年轻人交往中，我们很容易忽视自己的行为对年轻人性格所产生的影响，但不像在与成年交往时那么容易忽视这种影响。
(49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.(1) 抽筋留骨去皮毛：we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers第二步：添皮毛：Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life由于我们对于他们的首要生意是能够使得他们享有普通的生活由于我们对于他们的首要职责是能够使得他们享有普通的生活由于我们的首要职责是能够使得他们享有普通的生活他们49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share ina common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may wellbelieve that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.第二步：添皮毛：Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life由于我们的首要职责是能够使得年青人享有普通的生活we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.我们忍不住在想是否我们可以正在形成将来确保这种能力的力量我们不禁在想是否我们可以逐渐形成这样的力量，这种力量将确保这种能力。
