《精编中考语法专项练习》第2讲：冠词与数词

冠词和数词1 不定冠词的用法冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。

英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article,另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article,还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article。

不定冠词a (an与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。

a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。

1 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。

A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2 代表一类人或物。

A knife is a tool for cutting with.Mr. Smith is an engineer.3 词组或成语。

a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden2 定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

1特指双方都明白的人或物:Take the medicine.把药吃了。

2上文提到过的人或事:He bought a house.I've been to the house.他买了幢房子。

我去过那幢房子。

3指世上独一物二的事物:the sun,the sky,the moon, the earth4单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。

第二讲：冠词配套练习Ⅰ.高考真题演练1. (2012全国II) He missed ___________ gold in the high jump, but will get ___________ second chance in the long jump.A. the; theB. 不填; aC. the; aD. a; 不填2. (2012安徽) Carl is studying ___________food science at college and hopes to open up ___________ meat processing factory of his own one day.A. /; aB. /; theC. the; aD. the; the3. (2012重庆) Sam has been appointed ___________ manager of the engineering department to take ___________ place of George.A./; /B. the; / C the; the D./; the4. (2012全国) Sarah looked at ___________ finished painting with ___________ satisfaction.A.不填；aB. a; theC. the; 不填D. the; a5. (2012山东) Being able to afford ___________ drink would be ___________ comfort in those tough times.A. the; theB. a; aC. a; 不填D. 不填; a6. (2012江西) The Smiths don’t usually like staying at ___________ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ___________ sea.A. /; aB. the; theC. /; theD. the; a7. (2012辽宁) I woke up with ___________ bad headache, yet by ___________ evening the pain had gone.A. the; theB. the; anC. a; theD. a; an8. (2012四川) We are said to be living in ___________ Information Age, ___________ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; theB. 不填; theC. 不填; aD. the; a9. (2012浙江) The development of industry has been ___________ gradual process throughout ___________ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A. 不填; theB. the; aC. a; 不填D. a; a10.（2011山东）Take your time—it’s just ___________ short distance from here to ___________ restaurant.A.不填；theB. a; theC. the; aD.不填；a11.（2011全国II）As he reached ______ front door, Jack saw_____ strange sight.A. the; 不填B. a; theC.不填；aD. the; a12.（2011江西）—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 ___________ year.—Right, he will also get paid by ___________ week.A. the; theB. a; theC. the; aD. a; a13. (2011全国I) It is generally accepted that ___________boy must learn to stand up and fight like ___________man.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; theD. a; 不填14.（2011浙江）Experts think that ___________ recently discovered painting may be ___________ Picasso.A. the ;不填B. a ;theC. a; 不填D. the; a15.（2011四川）Dr. Peter Spence, ___________ headmaster of the school, told us, “___________ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge. ”A. 不填；AB. 不填；TheC. the; TheD. a; A16.（2011陕西）As is know to all, ___________ People’s Republic of China is ___________ biggest developing country in the world.A. the;不填B. 不填；theC. the；theD. 不填；不填17. （2011重庆）In communication, a smile is usually ___________ strong sign of a friendly and ___________ open attitude.A. the, /B. a, anC. a, /D. the, an18. （2010福建）It’s__________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them__________ pleasure.A. 不填, aB. a, 不填C. the, aD. a, the19.（2010山东）If we sit near__________ front of the bus, we’ll have__________ better view.A. 不填；theB. 不填；aC. the; aD. the；the20. （2010江苏）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that__________ people from all walks of life are working hard for__________ new Jiangsu.A.不填；aB. 不填；theC. the；aD. the；the21.（2010辽宁）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in __________ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto __________ earth.A. the; theB. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the22.（2010北京）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __________ second chance to make __________ first impression.A. a; theB. the; theC. a; aD. the; a23.（2010重庆）Everything comes with__________ price; there is no such __________ thing as free lunch in the world.A. a, aB. the, /C. the, aD. a, /24.（2010浙江）Many lifestyle patterns do such __________ great harm to health that they actually speed up__________ weakening of the human body.A. a; /B. /; theC. a; theD. /; /25.（2010四川）In __________ most countries, a university degree can give you __________ flying start in life.A. the; aB. the; 不填C.不填; 不填D.不填; a26. (2009安徽) We can never expect __________ bluer sky unless we create __________ less polluted world.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the27. (2009江西) Some people fear that __________ air pollution may bring about changes in __________ weather around the world.A. /; theB. the; /C. an; theD. the; a28. (2009海南) Let’s go to__________ cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for__________ whileA. the; theB. the; aC. a; theD. a ; a29. (2009陕西) What__________ pity that you couldn’t be there to receive__________ prize!A. a; aB. the; aC. a; theD. the; the30. (2009四川) In order to find __________ better job, he decided to study __________ second foreign language.A. the; aB. a; aC. the; theD. a; the31.(2009浙江) I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got __________ rough idea of __________ project plan.A. the; aB. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the32. (2009重庆) Washing machines made by China have won __________ worldwide attention and Haier has become__________ popular name.A. a; theB. /; aC. /; theD. the; a33. (2009全国Ⅱ) What I need is__________ book that contains __________ ABC of oil painting.A. a; 不填B. the; 不填C. the; anD. a; theⅡ. 基础巩固练习1. __________terrible weather we’ve been having these days!A. How aB. What aC. HowD. What2. There’s __________ dictionary on __________ desk by your side.A. a; theB. a; aC. the; aD. the; the3. An accident happened at __________ crossroads a few meters away from __________ bank.A. a; aB./; aC./; theD. the; /4.The warmth of __________ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of __________ wool used.A. the; theB. the; /C./; theD./; /5.Mr.Li will give us __________ talk. __________ talk will begin at 8:00.A .a; The B. the; A C./; / D. a; A6. The sun gives us __________ heat and __________light.A. the; theB. a; aC. a; theD./; /7.—What do you need in dinner?—I need __________.A. a knife and a forkB. a knife and forkC. the knife and forkD. the knife and the fork8. __________ Mrs. Smith is waiting for you in your office.A. TheB.AC. OneD. An9. She’s on __________ People’s Daily.A. theB. anC. aD./10. __________ Wangs could not pay for __________ advanced education that their son needed.A. The; theB.A; aC. An; theD. The; an11.She is __________ newcomer to __________ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A. the; theB. the; aC. a; /D. a; the12.—Where is Jack?—I think he is still in __________bed，but he might be in __________ bathroom.A./; /B. the; theC. the; /D./; the13.I don’t like talking on __________ telephone; I prefer writing __________ letters.A. a; theB. a; /C. the; theD. the; /14.Many people are still in __________ habit of writing silly things in __________ public places.A. the; theB./; /C. the; /D./; the15.—If you don’t like the red coat，take the blue one.—OK，but do you have __________ size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.A. a bigB. a biggerC. the bigD. the bigger16. I heard somebody playing __________ piano in __________ next room.A. a; aB. the; theC. a; theD. the; an17. __________ Pacific Ocean is __________ largest of all.A. The; aB./; theC. The; theD. A; /18. Great changes have taken place in __________ 1990’s.A./B. aC. theD. an19. Wouldn’t it be __________ wonderful world if all nations lived in __________ peace with one another?A. a; /B. the; /C. a; theD. the; the20.Alexander Graham Bell invented __________ telephone in 1876.A./B. aC. theD. one21.In 1864，Lincoln was elected __________ President of __________ United States for the second time.A. the; theB. a; aC./; theD./; /22.John is __________ university student.A./B. anyC. aD. an23.The table is made of __________.A. a woodB. some woodC. the woodD. wood24.We are going to learn __________ next week.A. Twelfth LessonB. The Twelfth LessonC. Twelve LessonD. The Twelve Lesson25.—I’d like__________ information about the management of your hotel，please.—Well，you could have __________word with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some; aB. an; someC. some; someD. an; a26.Paper money was in __________ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ______ thirteenth century.A. the; /B. the; theC./; theD./; /27. Most animals have little connection with __________ animals of __________ different kind unless they kill them for food.A. the; aB./; aC. the; theD./; the28.Alice is fond of playing __________ piano while Henry is interested in listening to _____ music.A./; theB./; /C. the; / D .the; the29.Oh，John. __________ you gave us!A. How a pleasant surpriseB. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise30. Jumping out of __________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite __________ exciting experience.A./; theB./; anC. an; anD. the; theⅢ. 高考模拟强化练习1. I knew __________ John Lennon, but not __________ famous one.A. / ；aB. a ；theC. / ；theD. the ；a2. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain__________ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. /B. theC. aD. one3. Jack had ___________feeling of excitement when hearing his article had been published in___________ school magazine.A.the；aB.a；theC.／；the D the；／4. Excuse me, I’m here to get my boarding pass.Can I have __________ seat next to __________window, please?A.the；aB.the；theC.a；theD.a；a5. The police said that___________ thief was a young man with___________ brown hair.A. the; aB. the;/C. a;/D. a; a6. As we know, the Potala Palace（布达拉宫）, ____________ combination of Tibetan construction art and culture, is considered ___________precious treasure of China.A.不填；aB.a; aC.the; theD.a;不填7.—I am at__________ loss at the moment. Can you help me?—That’s out of ___________ question. What can I do for you?A. a; /B. a; theC. /; aD./;the8.---What about __________ concert you attended last night?---To tell the truth, it was too boring, you know, __________ concert like that.A. the; theB. the; aC. a; theD. the; 不填9. The cakes are deliciou s. He’d like to have __________ third one because __________ second one is rather too small.A. a, aB. the, theC. a, theD. the, a10. ---Why not open the windows to let __________cool air in?---I’d rather you didn’t. __________air in our town is terribly polluted.A. a; TheB. /; TheC. /; /D. the; /答案第二讲：冠词Ⅰ.高考真题演练1. C 第一个空格是特指跳高的金牌，所以用the，第二个空在序数词前用不定冠词，表示“再；又”，a secondchance即“又一次机会”。

专项训练篇 - unit 2 冠词一、单项选择（共20小题；共20分）1. I'm reading novel. It is interesting story.A. a; anB. an; aC. the; theD. /; an2. --- What do you think of film you saw last night?--- I think it's most interesting film I have ever seen.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. an; a3. He gets up early in morning, but goes to bed late at night.A. the; aB. /; theC. the; /4. --- Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?--- Yes, I had wonderful time.A. aB. anC. theD. /5. --- Have you got e-mail address?--- Oh, yes. Mine is wjb80@yahoo. com.A. theB. anC. aD. /6. --- Can I help you, madam?--- I'm looking for pair of socks for my son.A. theB. anC. aD. some7. Jumping out of airplane at ten thousand feet is quite exciting experience.A. 不填; theB. 不填; anC. an; anD. the; the8. population of that country keeps increasing. Now it has population of over100 million.A. The; aB. A; theC. The; theD. A; a9. Besides the two others,there was still third one who said he was second toreach the top.A. a; aB. the; theC. a: theD. the; a10. --- Mum, where is my MP5?--- It's in the black box near computer.A. aB. anC. /D. the11. --- Who is man with glasses?--- Oh, he's our new English teacher, Mr Li.A. aB. anC. theD. /12. --- Excuse me, sir. Which cup is yours?--- Oh, small one.A. /B. aC. anD. the13. Jack likes playing soccer, but he doesn't like playing piano.A. /; /B. the; /C. the; theD. /; the14. As volunteer teacher in the rural area, she has opened up students' eyes to theoutside world.A. the; theB. a; aC. a; theD. the; a15. This is difficult problem that few students can work it out.A. suchB. soC. such aD. so a16. --- What should I buy for Tom's birthday?--- How about camera? He loves taking photos.A. aB. anC. theD. /17. In Nanjing, we stayed at a very nice hotel. But I can't remember name of it.A. theB. aC. anD. /18. It's not good idea to drive for four hours without break.A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the19. Jack started to work at early age because his family was very poor.A. aB. anC. theD. /20. There's 800-metre-long road behind hospital.A. an; anB. a; aC. an; theD. a; the二、用适当的某类词填空（共15小题；共15分）用适当的冠词填空，不必填处画 "/"。

冠词和数词一、冠词的用法冠词是限定词的一种，不能单独使用，常用于修饰名词。

冠词有两种：不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。

【考点一】定冠词的基本用法（1）表示上文提到过的人或事物eg：I have a book，and the book is written by Mo Yan.我有一本莫言写的书。

（2）用于说话人和听话人都知道的人或物eg：Do you know the boy under the tree？你认识那个在树下的男孩吗？（3）用于世界上独一无二的事物前eg：the earth地球，the sun太阳，the moon月亮。

（4）用于表示方位的名词前面eg：in the front of在……前面，in the east 在东方，on the left在左边。

（5）用于序数词或形容词最高级前eg：He is the first student to get to school. 他是第一个到达学校的学生。

He is the tallest student in his class. 他是班里最高的学生。

（6）用于普通名词构成的专有名词前eg：the Great Wall长城（7）用于形容词前，使其名词化eg：We should help the old.我们应该帮助老人。

（8）用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等名词前eg：the Changjiang River长江，the Pacific Ocean 太平洋（9）用于复数姓氏前，表示“一家人”eg：The Greens are having dinner. 格林一家人正在吃晚饭。

（10）用于西洋乐器类名词前eg：I like playing the piano.我喜欢弹钢琴。

（11）in＋the＋年份复数形式，表示“在多少世纪多少年代”eg：This story happened in the 1920s. 这个故事发生在20世纪20年代。

牛津上海版中考英语语法专练《数词和冠词》语法:数词、冠词一、数词知识梳理考纲要求1. 基数词；2. 序数词；3. 分数；4. 日期和月份；5. 时间和钟点；6. 数字运算表达7. 编号1.基数词11 __________ 12 __________ 13 __________ 15 __________18 __________ 19 __________ 20__________ 30__________40 __________ 50 __________ 80 __________100 __________ 1, 000 __________2.序数词1st __________ 2nd __________ 3rd __________ 5th __________8th __________ 9th __________ 12th __________ 20th __________21st __________ 99th __________ 100th __________3.分数、小数和百分比写出以下分数、小数和百分比的读法三分之一：__________ 五分之三：__________0.82:__________ 45%: __________4.日期和年份on May 27：__________ on 27th May: __________in 1933:__________ in 2000: __________in 2005: __________ in March, 2009: __________on July 20, 2008: __________5.钟点表达法11:15: eleven fifteen或a quarter past eleven9:30: nine thirty或half past nine7:35: seven thirty-five或twenty-five (minutes) to eight11:45: eleven forty-five或a quarter to twelve6.基本数学运算表达A: How much is 8 plus 9?B: 8 plus 9 is/equals 17.(8+9=17)18-3=15 18 minus 3 is/equals 15.6×5=30 6 multiplied by 5 equals/is 30.15÷5=3 15 divided by 5 equals/is 3.7.其他Lesson Twelve/ the Twelve Lesson Class One, Grade ThreeNo. 46 bus Channel 8/EightRoom 402☆编号可以用序数词也可以用基数词，数字较大一般用基数词。

第二章：冠词一. 在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示：1. Qingdao is ___________ beautiful city.2. Beijing is ___________ capital of China.3. We will go to Xi’an by ___________ air.4. This is ___________ old map. It is ___________ useful map.5. There is ___________ interesting picture on ___________ wall.6. After ___________ breakfast he went to school on ___________ foot.7. He likes playing ___________ football. His sister likes playing ___________ piano.8. Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground. ___________ wallet was Mr. Green’s.9. We have no classes in ___________ afternoon on ___________ Saturday.10. Which is ___________ biggest, ___________ sun, ___________ moon, or ___________ earth? 二．选择填空1. There is____________apple on the desk.A. a B .the C. an D./2. The girl under____________tree is my sister.A. a B .the C .an D./3. He met____________friend of his on the road.A. a B .the C .an D./4. Mr Black will go back to england____________.A .by airB .by a plane C. by trains D. at a train5. Yesterday I went to____________work on____________foot.A. /，/B. /，the C .the，/ D. the，the6. ____________Whites live on____________second floor.A. A; aB. The; aC. A; theD. the; the7.There is____________ “h” in the word “hour”，but____________ “h”doesn’t make a sound.A. a，aB. a，theC. the，an D .an. the8. I’m going to see my mother. She is ill____________.A. in hospitalB. in the hospitalC. in a hospitalD. at a hospital9. We played____________at nine o'clock in a music lesson.A. drumB. drumsC. the drum10. This is____________picture. Look at____________picture .A.a, theB.a, /C. an, theD. /, /11. Mr. White often has____________supper at home .A. an,B. /C.theD.a12. I like playing____________violin.A. anB. /C.theD.a13. It often rains in____________April, May and July.A. anB. /C.theD.a14. I often go to____________bed at 9:30.A. anB. /C.theD.a15. I am playing____________trumpet（喇叭），but my brother is playing____________football. A．/，the B．the，the C．the，／16. The museum is quite far. It will take you half____________hour to go there by____________bus.A. an, /B. an, aC. a, /D. /, /17. Let’s go for____________walk, shall we?A. aB. anC. theD. /18. --- Have you seen____________bag? I left it here just now.--- Is it____________one on the chair near the door?A. a, aB. the, theC. a, theD. the, a19. English is____________useful language in____________world.A. an, theB. a, theC. the, theD. an, an20. We have three meals____________day. We have breakfast at 6:30 in____________morning.A. a.，theB. the，theC. a，a D .the，a答案一．1. a2. the3. /4. an; a5. an; the6. /; /7. /; the8. The9. the; / 10. the; the; the; the 二．1-5. CBAAA 6-10. DDACA 11-15.BCBBC 16-20. AACBA。

奥风英语《精编中考语法专项练习》第二讲：冠词与数词第一部分：冠词练习Ⅰ.中考真题演练1. Peter is________ honest boy and________ good friend of mine.A. a; the.B. the; anC. a; anD. an; a2. ________ 15th International Film Festival will be held in Shanghai.A.TheB. AnC. AD./3. ________ old man in________ brown coat over there is Mr. Jackson．A. An, aB. An，theC. The，aD. The，the4.—People can’t live without ________ water.—Yes, I think so.A. aB. anC. theD. 不填5. —What do you want to be when you grow up?—I want to be________ social worker. Many people are in great need of our help.A. aB. anC. theD. 不填6. A new road was built between our village and the town. ________ road is wide and clean.A. 不填B. TheC. A7. May is the________ month of a year.A. fiftyB. fifteenC.fifthD. five8. Lucy is ________ good girl. She often helps others.A. aB. anC. theD. /9. —Who’s that lovely girl?— You mean________ gi rl with long hair? That’s KateA. aB. anC. theD. 不填10. Look! There is ________ cat in the tree.A. aB. anC. theD. /11. — How was________ dinner at Mike’s house?—It was great. Mike’s mum is ________ wonderful cook.A. a theB. the; aC. the; theD. a; an12. After school we usually play________ basketball for half an hour on________ playground.A. the; theB. 不填; 不填C. 不填; theD. the; 不填13. On April 12, 1961，________ 27-year-old，Yuri Gagarin(尤里.加加林)became the first human to go into________ space.A. the; 不填B. the; theC. a; 不填D. a; the14. There’s ________ apple on the table. ________ apple is for my little brother.A. a; AnB. an; AnC. the; AnD. an; The15. The scientists from ________ United States live in ________ Ninth Street.A. the; theB. /; theC. /; /D. the; /16. —Do you know________ man in blue?—Yes, he’s a professor of ________ University.A. the; aB. a; anC. the; anD. /’ the17. —Have you got ________ E-mail address?—Oh yes, mine is wjb80@yahoo. com.A. theB. anC. aD. /18. — What does Michael look like?— He has black eyes and________ wide mouth.A. aB. anC. the19. There is ________ report in today’s newspaper. It’s about ________ sports meeting that will be held in Weihai.A. a; theB. an; theC. the; theD. a; a20. It's not ________ good idea to drive for four hours without ________ break.A. a; aB. a: theC. the; aD. the; the21. — Did you get here by________ bike?— No, I took ________ taxi.A. a; aB. 不填；aC. the; theD. a; the22. Our Chinese teacher told us ________ interesting story and ________ story was about Thomas Edison.A. an; aB. the; theC. a; theD. an; the23. This is ________ empty bottle. Could you give me ________ full one?A. a, aB. an, aC. the, theD.∕, a24. My mother is ________ English teacher in No. 2 Middle School.A. aB. theC. anD.∕25. I like music, but I don’t like ________ music of this film.A. aB. anC. theD.不填26. Fred plays ________ piano after ________ supper every day.A. the; theB. /; theC. the; /27. — What are you going to be when you grow up, Sam?—________ teacher like you.A. AB. AnC. TheD. /28. On March 11, 2011, ________ earthquake hit Japan.A. anB. aC. /D. the29. — Have you seen ________ pen? I left one here this morning.— Is it ___________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. the; theB. a; aC. the; aD. a; theⅡ. 基础巩固练习一. 选择填空1. People like to see films on _______ TV instead of going to _______ cinema.A. the, theB. 不填, theC. the, 不填D. 不填，不填2. What _______ exciting football match! Our team beat Tom’s team at last.A. aB. anC. theD. /3. Bob is _______eleven-year-old boy, but he knows a lot about Chinese history.A. anB. aC. theD. /4. In the United States, Father’s Day falls on _______ third Sunday in _______ June.A. the，不填B. the, aC. 不填, theD. a, 不填5. -Where’s _______key to my bike, Jim?-It’s in your bag.A. aB. anC. theD./6. Look at _______ skirt, I bought it for Mum on Mother’s Day.Isn’t it nice?A. aB. anC. theD. 不填7. Pass me _______dictionary next to the radio, and I also need _______ pen to write something.A. a, aB. the, theC. the, aD. a, the8. -How is your father?-He has been in _______ hospital for a week.-Sorry to hear that. Is he in _______ hospital where he stayed last year?A. the; theB. /; theC. the; /D. /; /9. There is _______ ―h‖, _______ ―o‖, _______ ―u‖ and _______ ―r‖ in the word ―hour‖.A. an; an; a; anB. a; an; a; anC. an; an; a; aD. a; a; an; an10. This is _______ film I’ve told you about several times.-It’s great. I’ve never seen _______ more moving one.A. a, aB. the, theC. the, aD. a, the11. There is _______ report in today’s newspaper. It’s about the International Film Festival, Shanghai.A. aB. anC. theD. /12. My brother likes playing _______ basketball and I am good at playing _______ piano.A. 不填, theB. the, 不填C. an, theD. the, a13. -What about hiring a bike?-It will cost you ￡2 _______ hour or ￡5 _______ day.A. a; theB. an; anC. the; aD. an; a14. -Are you ______ Chinese or Japanese?-Chinese. But I was born in Japan.A. anB. /C. theD. one15. Let’s look at the bag. Can you see _______ ―s‖ on the corner of _______ bag?A. a, aB. a, theC. an, aD. an, the二. 用适当的冠词填空，不需用冠词的画―/‖。