GMAT逻辑简图整理,含南丁格尔那篇例题

GMAT（VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.74 miles. The scientists’ argument depends on which of the following assumptions?A．The microorganisms brought up were of a species that is related to those previously known to science.B．No holes have been drilled into the Earth’ s surface to a distance deeper than 1.74 miles.C．The microorganisms did not come from surface soil that came into contact with the drilling equipment.D．The stratum from which the samples came has been below the surface of the Earth ever since the Earth came into existence.E．The temperature at the bottom of the holes drilled was not significantly hotter than that of the hottest spots on the Earth’s surface.正确答案：C解析：本题根据从地表以下1．74英里深的地方取得的样品中存在活着的微生物，得出了在地层深处存在活着的微生物的结论，属于典型的“B，A”模式。

要想使本题的结论成立，就必须寻找一个原因来解释或加强样品确实取自地层深处，即排除他因。

由此分析可知(C)为正确答案；(E)是较易误选的选项，从表面上看它似乎能对普遍的猜想构成反对，从而对本题的结论构成支持。

GMAT 1.4 换库后 CR 机经（更新至第 63 题）——来自雷哥网 GMAT 团队整理1、石油v1 现在科技发展已经出现了对石油的替代品，但这些替代品都因为价格高，和传统石油没有竞争力。

问石油大亨应该怎么应对？构筑答案：选的C，这些石油大佬再想联合起来increase油价以提高demand的时候应该好好权衡。

2、立法保护臭氧v1 Legislator: 普遍认为有一种 XX 什么物质会 contribute to deplete ozone（原话差不多就是这意思）,因此你们大家都觉得要立一个相关法律限制这种XX物质的排放。

但是问题在于没有有力的evidence证明这种XX物质确实会deplete ozone, 而立法的话一定要based on确切的evidence才行。

所以不用立法去限制。

问weaken legislator.构筑答案：那用legislator的话说，不立法的话也得要有这种XX物质确实不会deplete ozone 的证据啊。

3、干旱灌溉v1 干旱时段为了省水政府出了个 code 限制家庭灌溉，有人说因为家庭灌溉只占总用水很小一部分，所以这项措施没用。

问weaken？构筑答案：干旱时候大家会疯狂的浇水（好奇怪，anyway有这个选项）4、航空公司电话v1 有一道做过的，航空公司装了电话那个，但大家都开始用手机，他还是继续在飞机上装电话构筑答案：选了“收益不超过装他的成本”。

5、龙虾v1 龙虾丰收了，需求下降了，但价格应该不会变，问为什么。

6、鸟的死因v1一种鸟在一个片区内频繁死掉，调查发现死亡鸟的体内某种物质的含量超过了人类安全标准。

然而进一步调查发现，活得同类鸟体内含量也是这么高，因此得出结论这种物质不是死因。

问削弱。

构筑答案：选的这些活鸟很快也会死掉。

7、商品销量下降v1 某种商品销量下降了，但是销售额却上升了，而价格的上升并不能完全解释这一现象，问解释。

构筑答案：构筑选的大家选择了贵的品种。

GMAT考试逻辑基础练习题GMAT考试逻辑基础练习题2017成功不是将来才有的，而是从决定去做的'那一刻起，持续累积而成。

以下店铺整理的GMAT考试逻辑基础练习题，欢迎阅读!ArgumentsWhat is an argument?An argument in logic is a set of one or more meaningful declarative sentences (or "propositions") known as the premises with another sentence known as the conclusion. Therefore, each argument has at least two components: 1) a piece of evidence or proposition, officially called a “premise,” and 2) a conclusion.Consider the following two statements:1)Ming Li is smart.2)Ming Li went to Peking University.Each statement by itself is simply a claim or an assertion. Can you combine them together to form an argument?One answer might be:Ming Li is smart because he went to Peking University.The red part of the answer is the conclusion; the blue part of the answer is thepremise. These color codes will be the convention I use to label premise and conclusion through out the series.A premise supports a conclusion. Most argument are not bullet-proof. That is: the evidence provided does not PROVE the conclusion reached beyond a shadow of a doubt. A premise is just an evidence, one reason to shed some positive light on the conclusion, one piece of information which makes the conclusion more likely. In CR, all premises given in the stimulus are considered true. In the above example, we should not doubtwhether Ming went to Peking University or not. However, we can analyze the argument by focusing on the logic which connects the premise and the conclusion in an argument.IndicatorsHow to tell which statement is a premise or a conclusion in an argument? A quick way is to find indicators such as because, since, for, as, considering, whereas, and on the grounds that, which signal to the reader that a premise is coming! In the example above, Ming Li is smart because he went to Peking University, he went to Peking University is the premise since this statement follows the word because.A second way to form an argument using exactly the same statements is:Because Ming Li is smart, he went to Peking University.This is a totally different argument from the first one in that the premise and the conclusion switch their places. Ming Li is smart is now the premise.These two examples show that the order, in which each statement shows up in an argument, is less important than the logical relationship shown in the argument when deciphering which is the premise and which is the conclusion. Use the indicators to help you march through the puzzle in the beginning. The indicators for a conclusion might include: thus, therefore, accordingly, hence, in this way, consequently, and as a result.What if there is no indicator in the argument?In case you cannot find an indicator for premise/conclusion, you have to understand what the aruthor is trying to say and ask yourself which part is the conclusion and which part is the premise to support the conclusion. Consider the following example:Every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled. These products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.Which one is the conclusion? Which one is the premise? Most likely you would say that the 1st sentence is the conclusion and the 2nd sentence is the premise.Every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled. These products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.If in doubt, 1) simply connect the two sentences using the word because; and 2) see which one of the resulting arguments makes more sense:1) Every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled because these products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.2) Becasue every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled, these products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.In CR test, if you can locate the premise and the conclusion of an argument, you have 50% chance of getting the right answer in the end. Train your eyes and brains to identify the conclusion of an argument quickly and precisely. Make sure your first step of a long march to the victory gets off on the right foot.。

16. The axis of Earth's daily rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit at an angle of roughly 23 degrees. That angle can be kept fairly stable only by the gravitational influence of Earth's large, nearby Moon. Without such a stable and moderate axis tilt, a planet's climate is too extreme and unstable to support life. Mars, for example, has only very small moons, tilts at wildly fluctuating angles, and cannot support life. If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them? (A) If Mars had a sufficiently large nearby moon, Mars would be able to support life. (B) If Earth's Moon were to leave Earth's orbit, Earth's climate would be unable to support life. (C) Any planet with a stable, moderate axis tilt can support life. (D) Gravitational influences other than moons have little or no effect on the magnitude of the tilt angle of either Earth's or Mars's axis. (E) No planet that has more than one moon can support life 17. Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins——who are, of course, born at practically the same time——often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time——one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist's argument depends? (A) Astrologers have not subjected their claims to rigorous experimentation. (B) The personality differences between the two individuals cannot be explained by the cultural difference between Toronto and New York. (C) The geographical difference between Toronto and New York did not result in the two individuals having different horoscopes. (D) Complete birth records for the past 40 years were kept at both hospitals. (E) Identical twins have identical genetic structures and usually have similar home environments. 18. Modern navigation systems, which are found in most of today's commercial aircraft, are made with low-power circuitry, which is more susceptible to interference than the vacuum-tube circuitry found in older planes. During landing, navigation systems receive radio signals from the airport to guide the plane to the runway. Recently, one plane with low-power circuitry veered off course during landing, its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on a laptop computer. Clearly, modern aircraft navigation systems are being put at risk by the electronic devices that passengers carry on board, such as cassette players and laptop computers. Which one of the following, if true, LEAST strengthens the argument above? (A) After the laptop computer was turned off, the plane regained course and its navigation instruments and dials returned to normal. (B) When in use all electronic devices emit electromagnetic radiation, which is known to interfere with circuitry. (C) No problems with navigational equipment or instrument dials have been reported on flights with no passenger-owned electronic devices on board. (D) Significant electromagnetic radiation from portable electronic devices can travel up to eight meters, and some passenger seats on modern aircraft are located within four meters of the navigation systems. (E) Planes were first equipped with low-power circuitry at about the same time portable electronic devices became popular. Jane: Television programs and movies that depict violence among teenagers are extremely popular. Given how influential these media are, we have good reason to believe that these depictions cause young people to engage in violent behavior. Hence, depictions of violence among teenagers should be prohibited from movies and television programs, if only in those programs and movies promoted to young audiences. Maurice: But you are recommending nothing short of censorship! Besides which, your claim that television and movie depictions of violence cause violence is mistaken: violence among young people predates movies and television by centuries. 19. Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens Jane's argument? (A) The most violent characters depicted in movies and on television programs are adult characters who are portrayed by adult actors. (B) The movies that have been shown to have the most influence on young people's behavior are those that are promoted to young audiences. (C) The people who make the most profits in the movie and television industry are those who can successfully promote their work to both young and old audiences. (D) Many adolescents who engage in violent behavior had already displayed such behavior before they were exposed violence in movies. (E) Among the producers who make both movies and television programs, many voluntarily restrict the subject matter of films directed toward young audiences. 20. A rise in the percentage of all 18-year-olds who were recruited by the armed services of a small republic between 1980 and 1986 correlates with a rise in the percentage of young people who dropped out of high school in that republic. Since 18-year-olds in the republic are generally either high school graduates or high school dropouts, the correlation leads to the conclusion that the republic's recruitment rates for 18-year-olds depend substantially on recruitment rates for high school dropouts. Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the argument? (A) A large number of 18-year-old high school graduates were recruited for the republic's armed services in 1986 than in 1980. (B) Many of the high-technology systems used by the republic's armed services can be operated only by individuals who have completed a high school education. (C) Between 1980 and 1986 the percentage of high school graduates among 18-year-olds recruited in the republic rose sharply. (D) Personnel of the republic's armed services are strongly encouraged to finish their high school education. (E) The proportion of recruits who had completed at least two years of college education was greater in 1986 than in 1980. 21. Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton's psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven's hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven's time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian's argument depends? (A) None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated. (B) Some people in Beethoven's time did not ingest mercury. (C) Mercury is an effective treatment for venereal disease. (D) Mercury poisoning can cause deafness in people with venereal disease. (E) Beethoven suffered from psychological problems of the same severity as Newton's. 22. In 1992, a major newspaper circulated throughout North American paid its reporters an average salary paid by its principle competitors to their reporters. An executive of the newspaper argued that this practice was justified, since any shortfall that might exist in the reporters' salaries is fully compensated by the valuable training they receive through their assignments. Which one of the following, if true about the newspaper in 1992, most seriously undermines the justification offered by the executive? (A) Senior reporters at the newspaper earned as much as reporters of similar stature who worked for the newspaper's principle competitors. (B) Most of the newspaper's reporters had worked there for more than ten years. (C) The circulation of the newspaper had recently reached a plateau, after it had increased steadily throughout the 1980s. (D) The union that represented reporters at the newspaper was different from the union that represented reporters at the newspaper's competitors. (E) The newspaper was widely read throughout continental Europe and Great Britain as well as North America.。