2020高中英语语法：介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句_介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，关系代词常用 which （指物） whom(指人），即介词+which/whom。

1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词which或whom不能省略。

He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of which had t been cleaned for at least a year.他付给那个男孩10美元擦洗10扇窗户，这10扇窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。

In the dark street, there wasn t a single person to whom she couid turn.在黑暗的街道上,她没有一个可以求助的人。

定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末 which (指物），that/whom/who (指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。

This is the hero that/who/whom/(可省略) we are proud of.这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。

This is the pen that/which/(可省略) I I wrote the letter with.这是我写信时用的那支钢笔。

【温馨提示】①有些动词+介词的固定词组不可把介词置于关系代词前。

这就是我正在找的磁带。

[误]This is the right tape for which I m looking, [正]This is the right tape that I m looking for.②常见的不可拆开的动词词组有：care for 喜欢,关心deal with 处理，对付get through 通过;到达;接通电话hear from/of 收到某人的来信/听说look for/after寻找/照顾send for派人去请see to照管，料理3.复合介词短语+关系代词which 引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。

介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，用于修饰先行词，在句中作定语。

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。

以下是关于介词加关系代词引导的定语从句的详细介绍：
- 如果指“人”，用“介词+whom”。

如：I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。

- 如果指“物”，用“介词+which”。

如：The little girl is reading a book in which there are many pictures. 那个小女孩正在读一本书，书中有很多图画。

确定介词时，可以从以下三方面入手：
- 先行词的意义；
- 从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；
- 句子的意思。

在使用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，需要注意不同介词的用法和含义，以确保句子的准确性和流畅性。

“介词+ whｉcｈ/whom”引导的定语从句“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型,介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。

例如:Ｔhe man ｗho/whｏm /that you spoke to is a teａcheｒ.=Tｈe man to wｈｏm ｙoｕ spｏke is a teacｈｅr．一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用ｗhich（指物)或ｗhom(指人) ,即：介词+whｉch/ｗhom。

(1）The maｎ to whoｍyou ｓpｏｋe iｓ a tｅacher.（2）Ｔhe cｉty in wｈｉｃh sｈe lｉves is far away.(3)The ｌitｔlｅgiｒl iｓ readinｇ a book,iｎ wｈiｃh there are many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。

2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时,可用that／whiｃｈ(指物）；that/ｗho／whom(指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。

如：（1) The ｍan (who/ｗｈom /tｈaｔ)ｙoｕ spokｅｔo is a teａcher．(2)Thｅcｉty(wｈｉｃh/that)shｅｌiｖｅs iｎis fａr aｗay.注:通常介词放在定语从句中动词后,也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分,介词只能放在动词后，如: ｌook fｏr， look aｆｔeｒ, pay ａtｔention to ，tａke care ｏf , loｏk forward to, listeｎtｏ等。

Thiｓ is the peｎｔhat / ｗhｉch yｏu are ｌｏoｋing fｏr.Thｅ patｉeｎt wｈom she is ｌooｋinｇ after is her fａther.The ｗoｒds ｔhat /whｉch wｅ shoulｄｐay attentｉon to are wrｉｔten on tｈe bｌacｋboard.There arｅｆiｆtｙ patientｓ who／whom/that we mｕstｔａｋｅｇｏod cａrｅ of.练习:Are theｓe ｓentｅnｃes ｒｉght?（1) The man ｗith whoｍ you ｔａlked is my frieｎd.(2) The ｍaｎ(who／tｈat） you taｌｋed wiｔｈis ｍｙ frieｎd．ﻫ(3) Thｅｍan with who／ｔhat ｙou talｋed is my fｒienｄ. ﻫﻫ(4) Ｔhe plane in w ｈｉch we fｌeｗ to Canaｄa ｉs ｖeｒy ｃｏｍfｏｒtaｂｌe.ﻫ（5) The ｐlａne in ｔｈａt wｅ fleｗ to Caｎａda is verｙ comfｏrtａble．二、关系副词when，ｗhｅre，why可用“介词＋whicｈ”来代替。

引导定语从句的“ 介词+ 关系代词” 结构在英语中，由“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性和非限制性定语从句十分常见。

但是，不少人在阅读和翻译时对此结构往往感到困惑。

以下从五个方面对此结构进行探讨。

一．“介词+ 关系代词” 结构中的关系代词用来引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有who，whom，whose，which，that等。

而这些关系代词能在定语从句中作宾语的只有whom，which和that三个。

这三个关系代词也能在从句中作介词的宾语，但是，that作介词宾语时，介词不可放在that之前，只能放在从句中原来的位置上，因此，“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词实际上只有whom和which两个。

例如:The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.马克思不大有把握的两方面是语法和某些习惯语。

He had a bad cold, because of which he didn't attend the meeting.他得了重感冒，因此而未能参加会议。

There are 30 students in our class，of whom 25 are league members.我们班里有学生30人，其中25人是团员。

The person to whom I spoke just now is the postmaster.我刚才跟他讲话的那个人是邮政局局长。

有时，我们可以见到“介词+where"引导定语从句的例子。

例如:His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows，from where he could see nothing but trees.他的头很快从二楼的一个窗口外显露出来，从那儿，除了树木他什么也看不见。

引导定语从句的“ 介词+ 关系代词” 结构在英语中，由“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性和非限制性定语从句十分常见。

但是，不少人在阅读和翻译时对此结构往往感到困惑。

以下从五个方面对此结构进行探讨。

一．“介词+ 关系代词” 结构中的关系代词用来引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有who，whom，whose，which，that等。

而这些关系代词能在定语从句中作宾语的只有whom，which和that三个。

这三个关系代词也能在从句中作介词的宾语，但是，that作介词宾语时，介词不可放在that之前，只能放在从句中原来的位置上，因此，“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词实际上只有whom和which两个。

例如:The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.马克思不大有把握的两方面是语法和某些习惯语。

He had a bad cold, because of which he didn't attend the meeting.他得了重感冒，因此而未能参加会议。

There are 30 students in our class，of whom 25 are league members.我们班里有学生30人，其中25人是团员。

The person to whom I spoke just now is the postmaster.我刚才跟他讲话的那个人是邮政局局长。

有时，我们可以见到“介词+where"引导定语从句的例子。

例如:His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows，from where he could see nothing but trees.他的头很快从二楼的一个窗口外显露出来，从那儿，除了树木他什么也看不见。

定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法定语从句是指用来修饰名词或代词的从句，在英语语法中有丰富多样的用法。

其中，当介词与关系代词相结合时，就构成了定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法。

在这种结构中，介词在定语从句中起到特定的作用，而关系代词则在从句中充当连接词。

常用的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that。

介词在定语从句中主要有以下几种情况的用法。

1. 介词+关系代词在从句中作宾语时，介词可以放在关系代词之前或之后。

例如：- The book which I am looking for is on the table.- The book for which I am looking is on the table.2. 介词+关系代词在从句中作宾语时，如果介词是短语动词的一部分，介词只能放在关系代词之后。

例如：- That is the man whom I am talking about.- That is the man about whom I am talking.3. 介词+关系代词在从句中作定语时，关系代词的选择要根据介词的要求而定。

例如：- The book on which I am working is very challenging.- The house in which she lives is beautiful.4. 当关系代词是物格形式（whom），介词可以前置到关系代词之前。

例如：- The person to whom I gave the book is my friend.- The person whom I gave the book to is my friend.需要注意的是，在口语中，人们往往更倾向于使用介词后置的形式，即将介词放在关系代词后面。

同时，有时候可以使用介词+which来替代介词+关系代词的结构，这种形式更加简洁。

高中英语语法“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。

例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。

（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2）The city in which she lives is far away.（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。

2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。

如：（1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.（2）The city（which/that）she lives in is far away.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句例句
1. 我刚才和你说的那个人，是我公司的新销售经理。

2. 这是我刚刚买的那本书，书里的故事非常有意思。

3. 我昨天接到一个关于工作的电话，电话的内容让我感到惊讶。

4. 昨天你对我提到的那个地方，我已经去过了。

5. 这是我给你准备的那份礼物，希望你会喜欢。

6. 今天我看到了你问到的那个问题的答案，你可以去看一下。

7. 有些人总是对那些他们见过的人保持怀疑的态度。

8. 这是我们一起去过的那个城市，我很喜欢那里的风景。

9. 我想起了你给我介绍的那个朋友，他真的很有趣。

10. 他一直在追求那个对他有好感的女孩。

专题05 代词易错点解题方法（三）由于代词中的关系代词非常具有特色，所以在此特设专讲。

首先我们要知道关系代词又称定语从句引导词。

定语从句是各类从句学习的重点,也是难点。

同学们在学习中常遇到一些难题,出现一些错误。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有6个: that, which, who, whom, whose, as.5.关系代词引导的定语从句：1）.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.2）. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my old friend.3）。

which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys.主语4）。

that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。

在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.5）. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.下面我们看例题：改正下列定语从句中的典型错误：1. Is this the pen your father bought it for you?[答案]:去掉it。

定语从句——介词关系代词介词关系代词定语从句定语从句——介词+关系代词根据表达意思的需要，定语从句有时需要以适当的介词开头。

此时，如果被定语从句所修饰的先行词表示的是除人以外的词，定语从句由“介词，which”引导。

如果被定语从句所修饰的先行词表示的是人，定语从句则要由“介词，whom”引导。

例如: The bag in which there are some books is mine. 里面装有一些书的那只包是我的。

The girl about whom we often talk is coming tomorrow. 我们常谈起的那个女孩明天来。

在使用该类定语从句时，我们要注意以下几点:1. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词可以放在关系代词前或从句中有关动词后。

介词放在从句中谓语动词后面时，whom/which可以省略，也可以用that替换，whom还可以用who替换。

例如:Great changes have taken place in the village in which I once lived. 我曾经住过的那个村庄发生了巨大的变化。

(关系代词前)Great changes have taken place in the village (which/that) I once lived in.(动词后，which/that可省略)2. 在一些固定搭配的短语中，若将动词和介词分开，意思就会发生变化，所以该介词只能放在从句中的谓语动词后。

例如:depend on，get along with，look after，look forward to，take part in等。

例如:The boy (whom / who) I’m looking af ter is my neighbor. 我正在照顾的那个男孩是我的邻居。

3. 当先行词是way时，关系代词可以用that或in which，也可以省略。

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句（一）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。

关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。

一．介词选择的主要标准1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。

( to a degree )The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。

( tell sb. about sb./ sth. ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。

( in the play )The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。

( be trained for the job ) 2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？ ( shake hands with sb. )Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。

语法由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. 介词+关系代词中介词的位置关系代词whom，which，whose在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that，who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。

例如：He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.=He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人，从他那里能学到很多。

The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school (which/that) he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。

The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就职的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。

2. 介词+关系代词的常见结构(1) 介词+which/whom例如：This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。

Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如果没有的话，我们就会迷路了。

定语从句精讲精练定语从句精讲精练——介词+关系代词引导的定语从句第一部分精讲——介词+关系代词引导的定语从句【知识点1】直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。

【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.【例】The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.【知识点2】直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，可省。

【例】The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.【例】He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.【知识点3】关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为：介词+which 结构。

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只有:Which（指物），whom （指人）。

具体地说，它可以分为5种情况。

其中介词的选择是个难点。

现就各类介词的选择作一总结。

1.介词+which/whom其中，介词的选择主要依据习惯搭配而决定。

即介词与定语从句中谓语动词的搭配、介词与从句中的形容词的搭配、介词与先行词之间的习惯搭配。

:如：The person to whom I spoke just now is my teacher.(speak to…与……谈话)China is a beautiful country,of which we are greatly proud.(be proud of…对……感到自豪)The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look.(on which=on the farm)有时介词的选择要根据所要表达的意思而定。

如：This is the man with whom he talked just now.这就是刚才与他谈话的人。

This is the man about whom he talked just now.这就是刚才他谈论的人。

注：当先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的名词时，该结构可以分别用关系副词when,where和why替换。

如：I’ll never forget the day on which (=when) I first met him.This is the hotel at which (=where) we stayed last year.The reason for which (=why) he was late for the meeting was very clear. ［典型考例］⑴．Is this the house_______ Shakespeare was born? （88全国）A. at whereB. whichC. in whichD. at which解析：答案C. Shakespeare was born in the house.⑵．In the dark street there wasn't a single person_____ she could turn for help.(MET92)A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom解析：答案为 D 。

“介词+关系词”的用法1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whom。

如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.→The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.→Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.→We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。

关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。

介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。

如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which如：I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today.Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.注意：1). 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等如：This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (√) This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)2). 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose如：The man with whom you talked is my friend. (√) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (√)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3).“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词如：He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4). 把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。

介词+关系代词及关系副词的用法一、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which/whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。

1. “介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句基本原则：“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(物)和whom(人)，即：介词+which/ whom。

(1). 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。

(2). 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(物)，that/whom/who(人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。

This is the hero (that/ who/ whom) we are proud of. 这就是我们以之为豪的英雄。

2. “介词+关系代词”具体形式及其句法功能(1). “介词+ which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where 和why。

①I still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。

②The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。

③This is the reason for which (= why )he was put in prison. 这就是他为什么被关起来的原因。

(2). “介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒装。

①They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。

考点24 ＂介词＋关系代词＂引导的定语从句高考频度：★★★☆☆考向一＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句●＂介词＋关系代词＂的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句。

如果指＂人＂，用＂介词＋whom＂；如果指＂物＂，用＂介词＋which＂。

●＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。

☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。

2.表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。

在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。

☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。

3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。

☞His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。

(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)●在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。

●＂of which / whom＂有时可以用＂whose＋名词＂结构来改写。