中考语法复习之现在完成时态专题

（完整word版）中考考点专题现在完成时中考必考语法点——现在完成时态时间状语：（already，just ，ever ，never，before ，since ，yet，once ) already just⽤于肯定句never/ yet ⽤于否定句疑问句ever ⽤于肯定句和疑问句A 现在完成时的肯定句I have ever bought lots of books about Western customs.He has ever been to the Great Wall alreadyThey have seen the film already.B 现在完成时的否定句The Sam have never been to Canada since the day they left.Eric hasn't got his air-tickets yet.C 现在完成时的⼀般疑问句Have you ever read the magazines ?Yes , I have .No, I haven't.Has he killed Snow White yet ?Yes, he has.No ,he hasn't.D 现在完成时的特殊疑问句How long have you been here ?How many times have you been to the Great Wall?Which book have you read ?现在完成时态2句型：A表⽰过去开始，持续到现在，⽽且还可能继续下去的动作或状态。

常和表⽰⼀段时间的状语连⽤。

this week/month lately in the past few daysthese days since during the last two weekssince then since 2 days ago So far for a long timeup to now till /until now1 I 've known him since my childhood.2 She has been in this school since 2007.3 He has lived in Beijing for 3 years.4 I have stayed in the hotel for two weeks so far .B 表⽰从过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情。

中考语法——现在完成时（一）一、同步知识梳理一、构成现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。

二、现在完成时的肯定、否定和疑问句式(1)肯定句式现在完成时的肯定句式是“主语+have/has+过去分词+其他”。

如:I have been to America many times.我己经去过美国许多次了。

注意：“主语+ have/has”的缩写形式:I have→I've she has→she's you have→you'vehe has→he's we have→we've it has→it'sthey have→they've(2)否定句式现在完成时的否定句式是“主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他”。

如:We haven't seen such an interesting film before.我们以前没看过这么有趣的电影。

She hasn't learned Chinese since she came to China.自从她来到中国，她就没学过汉语。

注意：“have/has+not”的缩写形式:have not→haven't has not→hasn't(3) 一般疑问句式现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have/ has提到主语之前。

如:Have you read this paper yet？你已经看过这份报纸了吗?Yes，I have. /No，I haven't.是的，我看过。

/不，我没看过。

一Has she been to Shanghai yet?她去过上海吗？一Yes，she has./No, she hasn't.是的，她去过。

/不，她没去过。

注意：现在完成时的一般疑问句的回答和其他时态的一般疑问句的回答一样，需用Yes或No，即“Yes，主语+have/has.”或”No，主语+haven't/hasn't.”。

现在完成时一、现在完成时的用法1. 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

如：I have had my lunch. 我吃过午饭了。

（强调现在已经饱了）I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了。

(过去某个时间丢的，强调现在还没有找到）I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。

---H ave you found your lost pen? 你找到丢失的钢笔了吗？---No.I haven't found it yet. 没，我还没有找到。

already:“已经”，用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末。

yet:“还，仍然”，用在疑问句或否定句中，常放在句末2. 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常与for, since（自从）引导的时间短语或从句连用.for+ 时间段； since+ 时间点或一般过去式的句子.eg: She has learned English for 5 years. （她已经学习五年英语了）解释：一直在学，持续了五年，并且还可能持续学下去.He has lived in Beijing since he was born . （自从他出生以后就居住在北京）解释：从出生后就一直住在北京，持续到现在，还有可能一直住下去）Have you stayed here since 3 o’clock? （自从3点后你就一直呆在这儿吗？）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。

如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

习题：选用for和since填空1.We haven’t seen each other ____________ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory __________ 10 years ago.3. The film has been on ___________ 20 minutes.4. Mr. Green has worked here _______________ he came to China.5. His grandparents have been dead __________ several years.6. It’s five years _________________ we met last time.二、现在完成时的结构1.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他+时间.He has ever read that book . 他曾经看过这本书. (了解书的内容)They have just cleaned their hands. 他们刚刚洗过手了. (手是干净的)2.否定句：主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间.He hasn’t ever read that book .They haven’t just cleaned their hands.3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？What has he ever done?What have they just done?习题：按要求改写句子1.I have already had dinner.（否定句） I __________ _______ dinner _______.2. Mum has cooked the dinner.（否定句） Mum __________ ________ the dinner.3. Susan has learned English at school.（否定） Susan________ ___________English at school. 4I have checked my e-mail.(一疑并肯否回答） ____________________________________________ ___________________ ______________________5. I have already had dinner. （提问） _______ _______ _________ ___________ __________?6. He has just finished his homework. _______ _______ _______ __________ __________?7. Susan has learned English at school. ________ _________ ________ ___________ _________?8. Mum has cooked the dinner. _______ ________ ________ ________ ________?三、过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化1.过去分词的规则变化和过去式一致：○1一般情况下，在动词后直接加–ed：jump – jumped○2以不发音的e结尾时直接加–d：bake – baked○3以辅音加y结尾时去y变i加–ed：empty – emptied2.不规则动词的过去分词（本册中出现的词）：buy —bought —bought send —sent— sent eat — ate — eatenfind — found — found cut — cut — cut go — went — goneget — got — got put — put — put see — saw — seensweep — swept — swept read — read —read speak — spoke — spokentell — told — told set — set — set give — gave — givenhave — had — had shut — shut — shut hear — heard — hearddo — did — done leave — left — left come — came — comeswim — swam — swum meet — met — met understand — understood — understood四、现在完成时的几个标志词1.already,yet和 justjust：“刚刚”，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。

英语中考专项现在完成时态现在完成时态（Present Perfect Tense）用于表示过去发生的动作或事件与现在的关系，强调的是过去的经验、经历或状态对当前的影响。

它通常与包含"have/has + 过去分词"的句式结构一起使用。

现在完成时态的用法如下：1. 表示过去发生的动作或事件对当前造成的影响。

2. 强调过去的经验或经历与现在的联系。

3. 表示持续到现在的动作或情况。

4. 用于表示刚刚发生或完成的动作。

现在完成时的基本句型现在完成时态的肯定句构成是"主语+助动词 have/has（根据主语的人称和数选择适当的形式）+动词的过去分词"，疑问句构成是"助动词 have/has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词？"，否定句构成是"主语 + 助动词 have/has（根据主语的人称和数选择适当的形式）+ not + 动词的过去分词"。

以下是一些例子：肯定句：- I have read that book.- She has finished her work.- They have visited Europe before.疑问句：- Have you eaten breakfast yet?- Has he watched this movie before?- Have they ever been to Japan?否定句：- She hasn't started her project yet.- We haven't seen each other in a long time.- They haven't decided where to go for vacation yet.现在完成时的主要用法1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

常和副词already, yet, never, ever, before just等连用。

现在完成时讲解与练习一、构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。

助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围，它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。

过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。

二、用法（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。

常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。

如：- Have you had lunch yet? - Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。

（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。

常带有for 和since 等表示一段时间的状语。

如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。

（可能还要继续教）I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。

（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，（即表示过去的经历）一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times 等时间状语。

如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

三、结构1）．陈述句结构：主语＋h ave( h a s)（n o t）+过去分词＋其它。

have not=haven’ t has not=hasn’t.2）．一般疑问句结构：H ave( H a s)＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？3）．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋h ave(h a s)+主语+过去分词＋其它？eg. He has a lready finished his homework. He hasn’ t f inished his homework yet.H a s h e f i n i s h e d h i s h o m e w ork y e t?--Y e s,h e h a s./N o,h e h a s n’t./N o,n o t y e t.四、现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。

中考必考的现在完成时，知识点、考点、经典题都整理好了！现在完成时专项讲解一．含义表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。

二．结构主语+have/has+动词的过去分词★肯定句：主语+ have/ has + 过去分词done否定句：主语+ have/ has + not + 过去分词done一般疑问句：Have/ Has + 主语+ 过去分词doneYes, 主语+ have/ has.No, 主语+ haven’t /hasn’t（划重点，这个经常在单选中出现）★过去分词：1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

四点变化规则：① 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”:work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited②以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”:live---lived---lived ,③以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”:study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried④重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”:stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2. 不规则动词不规则的就只能靠自己去记忆啦！建议在平时的学习过程中自己动手整理，发现一个就把它记到自己的整理本或者笔记本上！（注意哦，一定要记在一起啊，记得在笔记本上预留他们的专属位置哟）三．用法（此处是重点）1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有以下四大标志词:①already, just和yet：He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。

初中英语语法现在完成时专题讲解现在完成时（一）一、现在完成时定义：(1) 表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。

常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。

例如：— Have you had lunch yet? 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？—Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，吃过了。

我刚刚吃过。

（现在我不饿了）(2) 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。

常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词，对“for…和since…提问要用how long）例如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。

（可能还要继续教）I haven’t seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。

(3) 现在完成时还可以表示一个动作到现在为止发生过多少次。

常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。

例如： I have already read this book three times. 这本书我已经看过三次了。

I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。

★对多少次提问要用：How many times二、现在完成时构成：have\has+过去分词（have\has为助动词，有人称变化）四个基本句型：肯定句： He has finished the work.一般疑问句：Has he finished the work?否定句： He has not finished the work. Yes ,he has./ No, he hasn’t.特殊疑问句：What has he done?三、现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时都表示在过去发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等。

中考英语语法丨现在完成时详解（附练习题及答案）中考英语语法丨现在完成时详解（附练习题及答案）一.现在完成时的构成："have/ has+动词的过去分词”。

①肯定句主语+have/ has+动词的过去分词。

Though he has read the book three times, he hopes to read it again.尽管已经把这本书读了三遍，他仍希望再读一次。

②否定句:主语+have/ has+not+动词的过去分词。

You haven't been here for a long time.你已经很长时间没来这儿了。

③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词? Have they finished the work yet?他们已经完成这项工作了吗?二.现在完成时的用法(1)表示发生在过去的动作对现在仍有影响My father has gone to Shanghai. (表示人不在这里了)我爸爸去上海了。

I have already had supper. (表示现在不饿了)我已经吃过晚饭了。

(2 )表示从过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态He has lived here since 1970.他自从1970年以来一直住在这里。

My brother has been a soldier for two years.我哥哥已经参军两年了。

提示：常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有alredy(已经),yet (还)，just (刚刚), never(从不),ever(曾经)，before (以前), recently（近来）, since then(从那时起)，since(自从),so far (到目前为止),for a long time（很长一段时间), in the past/last few years (在过/最近的几年里)等。

现在完成时知识点归纳与总结一、构成。

“have/has + 过去分词”二、用法。

1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

- I have lost my key. （我把钥匙丢了，导致现在进不了门。

）2. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

- We have lived here for ten years. （从过去到现在一直住在这里。

）三、时间状语。

1. already（已经），yet（还，尚未）- I have already finished my homework. （肯定句中用 already）- Have you finished your homework yet? （否定句、疑问句中用 yet）2. ever（曾经），never（从不）- Have you ever been to Beijing?- I have never seen such a beautiful place.3. just（刚刚）- He has just come back.4. so far（到目前为止），up to now（直到现在）- So far, we have learned five units.5. for + 时间段，since + 时间点。

- I have known him for five years.- She has been here since 2010.四、have been to / have gone to 的区别。

1. have been to 表示“去过某地（已回）”。

- I have been to Shanghai twice.2. have gone to 表示“去了某地（未回）”。

- He has gone to Beijing. （说明他不在说话地，去北京了。

）五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。

1. 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响，一般过去时只强调过去的动作，与现在无关。

现在完成时(初三复习专用)现在完成时知识点讲解现在完成时是用来表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在的影响或结果的时态。

它由助动词have/has和过去分词构成。

例如：XXX just gone out。

我女儿刚出去。

I’m sure we’ve met before。

我肯定我们以前见过面。

She has arrived。

她到了。

在现在完成时中，助动词have有人称和数的变化。

第三人称单数用has，其余用have。

此外，现在完成时还可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently。

already。

just,lately。

for…。

since…,yet等。

例如：I XXX’t heard from her these days。

这些日子我没有收到她的信。

XXX。

最近我们没有见到你。

They have been away for two years。

他们离开已经两年了。

She has been with us since Monday。

她从周一开始就一直和我们在一起。

此外，现在完成时也有三种特殊的结构，即have been to/ have gone to/ have been in，表示去过某个地方或在某个地方待过。

最后，需要注意的是，现在完成时和一般过去时的区别在于前者强调的是动作或状态对现在的影响或结果，而后者则是强调过去的动作或状态。

因此，在使用时需要根据语境和表达的意思来选择使用哪种时态。

练：改写句子：I bought a new car last year。

→ I have bought a new car.填入适当的时间状语：I have been studying English_________。

(for a year。

yesterday。

last week)用现在完成时表达下列句子：他去过法国。

→ He has been to France.区别现在完成时和一般过去时：I have XXX.已经，还，曾经，从未例句：1.I have already XXX我已经完成了我的作业。

现在完成时【语法讲解】1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

常与already (已经), just (刚刚), ever (曾经), never (从不), before (以前), yet (仍然)等连用。

考点1：现在完成时的结构句型考点2：already与yet在现在完成时中的用法1）already 通常用于肯定句中，一般用于have/has 后，实义动词前，偶尔放在句尾。

yet 用于否定句和疑问句中，一般用在句末。

2）在现在完成时态的句子中，含有already 的肯定句变为否定句或疑问句时，要把already 改为yet，并放于句末。

考点3：辨析have been to, have gone to与have been in/at【注意】当have been to 后面接副词，如here, there, home 时，to 要省略，变为have been here/ there/home。

考点4：have been in＋组织，表示加入某组织。

eg: He has been in the army for 3 years.他参军三年了。

考点5：have been＋adj./n.呈现……状态eg: The shop has been open for 10 years.这家店营业十年了。

We have been friends since we were 5.我们从5岁起就一直是朋友。

考点6：若现在完成时的句子中含表示时间段的时间状语(如含since/for引导的时间状语)，则谓语只能使用延续性动词。

短暂性动词可以转化为延续性动词1). 直接换成延续性动词buy买→have有borrow借→keep保留put on穿上→wear穿着come/go/become来/去/变成→be在/是2). 转换成be＋名词join the army参军→be a soldier当兵join the Party 入党→be a Party member成为一名党员go to school去上学→be a student成为一名学生3). 转换成be＋形容词/副词die死亡→be dead死了finish结束→be over结束begin开始→be on 在上映/已开始leave离开→be away远离的fall asleep入睡→be asleep睡着的close关闭→be closed关着的4). 转换成be＋介词短语go to school去上学→be in school在上学join the army参军→be in the army在军队中【综合训练】一、用所给单词的正确形式填空1.（2019山东青岛）The writer is so popular that he _______(sell) more than 200,000 books so far.2.（2019）---I____ (have a fever)since last night. ---You’d better go to see a doctor.3.（2019江苏泰州）So far, the couple ___________ (not change) their flat since they had a second child.4.（2019甘肃兰州）Jim has never ________(be) to Mount Tai in China.5.（2019贵州安顺）Sandy borrowed the novel from the library last week and ________(keep) it for 5 days.6.（2019湖北鄂州）Cathy and Linda ( not be) back to their hometown for two years.7.（2019江苏南通）----Can you go walking in the park with me, Daisy?----Sure. I (finish)my DIY project.二、单项选择1.（2019山东临沂）Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years.A. roseB. have risenC. rise2.（2019安徽）—It's ten years since we came here—How time flies! We ____ in China for so long.A. workB. workedC. will workD. have worked3.（2019江苏泰州）---Have you ever been to Shanghai?---Of course. Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.A. workedB. was workingC. would workD. have worked4.（2019湖北武汉）. I ate some fruit, which I ______ since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden.A. have enjoyedB. enjoyedC. enjoyD.had enjoyed5.（2019湖南郴州）---- Where is Mr. Green?---- He the bookshop. You have to wait for him.A. was going toB. has gone toC. has been to6.（2019广东）My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 ye ars, so he knows a lot about panda.A. was workingB. is workingC. has workedD. will work7.（2019湖北襄阳）.---- Why won’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon?---Because they _ Longzhong for a study trip.A. have gone toB. have been toC. had gone toD. had been to8.（2019湖北随州）—Your new bike is so nice! When did you buy it?—In July. I _____it for two weeks.A.hadB. have hadC. have boughtD. bought9.（2019江苏淮安）---Where are the teachers now?--- In the meeting room. They _________ the meeting for 10 minutes.A. have begunB. have been onC. have hadD. have been held10.（2019湖北黄冈）---Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days.---She Wuhan. She’ll be back next week.A. has gone toB. has been toC. have gone toD. have been to11.（2019湖南长沙）I ______ abroad for several years, but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland.A．am living B．lived C．have lived12.（2019四川眉山）---Linda has to Paris. How can I get in touch with her?---Don’t worry. She will call you as soon as she there.A. been；will getB. been；getsC. gone；will getD. gone；gets13.（2019四川眉山）---Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?--- In October. I it for two months.A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought14.（2019福建）---Look! My mother _____ a new dress for me.----Wow, it looks very nice on you.A.is makingB.has madeC.will make15.（2019呼和浩特）The shop in Wanda Square ___ for six years, but I ___ there so far.A.has opened; haven’t goneB.has been open; haven’t beenC.has been open; haven’t goneD.has been opened; haven’t been16.（2019湖南湘潭）---Have you ever _____ the Terracotta Army in Xi’an ?----Yes. I went there last year.A.gone toB.been toC.been in17.（2019北京）Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.A. changesB. changedC. will changeD. has changed18.（2019湖北宜昌）----What progress Huawei _____ in recent years!----No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world.A.is makingB.has madeC. makesD. made19.（2019贵州毕节）---How many letters you to your mother?--- 109 in all, since 2016.A. has, writtenB. have, writtenC. did, writeD. are, writing20.（2019湖南湘西）---___ you ever ______ Hong Kong --Zhuhai ____Macao Bridge ?---Not yet.A.Did; visitB.Are; visitC.Have , visited21.（2019哈尔滨）---Hi, Tom! _____ you ever ____ the Bird’s Nest ?----Yes, I have. It’s fantastic.A.Have, been toB.Have, gone toC. Did, go to22.（2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔）As an exchange student, Alan_____ Qiqihar for one and a half years.A.has been toB.has been inC.has gone to23（2019四川广元）---How long have you__________ your cap? It looks cool.---About two weeks.A. borrowedB. boughtC. had24.（2019贵阳）Today, all the erhu masters play and praise Erqu an Yingyue. It ____ one of China’s national treasure.A.becomesB.becameC.has become25（2019贵州黔西南）----How many letters _____ you _____ to your mother?----109in all, since 2016A.has, writtenB.have; writtenC.did; writeD.are ; writing三、完成句子1.（2019四川达州）China has been able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects. ______ China ______ able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects?2.（2019辽宁盘锦）布朗(Brown) 一家人已经在上海生活10年了__________________________________________________________________3.（辽宁铁岭）复仇者联盟4》已经上映两个月了。

现在完成时语法复习构成：have/has + 动词的过去分词用法：1.表示动作发生在过去或者已经完成对现在仍有影响。

I have lost my key.（钥匙在过去丢了，现在还没有找到）—Have you eaten your lunch?—Yes, I have. I have just eaten it.（现在不饿了）2.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，并持续到现在，也许还要持续下去。

可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，表示持续的动作或状态多用延续性动词。

注意：表示一段时间的状语常用“since+时间点/从句”“for+时间段”表示。

Miss Liu has taught English for 20 years.We have known each other since 10 years ago.I haven’t seen you since you left here.3.表示到现在为止多次发生的动作。

I have read this book several times.My father has watched the film twice.标志词：already，yet，ever，recently，just，never，before（用于句末），so far，for+时间段，since+时间点/一般过去式的句子，in the past years……（1）already：已经，用于肯定句；yet：已经，还，用于否定句或疑问句。

注意：肯定句变否定句或者疑问句，要把already改为yet。

I have already finished my homework.I haven’t finished my homework yet.Have you finished your homework yet?（2）ever：曾经，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词和过去分词之间。

Have you ever been to London?（3）just：刚刚，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。

初中语法——现在完成时和过去完成时专题 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN现在完成时和过去完成时（1）现在完成时：1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：（时间标志词）these days,recently, lately,in/during the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, in the past (last) few days,so far ,once, twice ,for＋时间段，since＋过去的时间点，since＋—般过去时的从句等。

3.基本结构：have/has + done4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句：把have或has放于句首。

6.反义疑问句：直接用has /have 进行反问7.现在完成时的用法：①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。

如：—Have you had your lunch yet你吃过午饭了吗—Yes，I have.I've just had it.是的，我刚吃过。

(现在不饿了)I have closed the door. (门现在是关的)②表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还要持续下去，常与for或since连用。

表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。

如：He has lived here since l999.自从1999年以来，他就住在这儿。

I have learnt English for ten years.我学习英语有10年了。

We have lived here for two years. (过去住到现在)8. 难点：（1）现在完成时可和疑问词where, why, how 连用，但不能和when连用.故现在完成时对时间的提问不用when，只用how long。