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2022教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试题(新题型4)----新题型PartB汇编4、Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Until about two million years ago Africa’s vegetation had always been controlled by the interactions of climate; geology, soil, and groundwater conditions; and the activities of animals. The addition of humans to the latter group,however,has increasingly rendered unreal the concept of a fully developed “natural” vegetation—i.e., one approximating the ideal of a vegetational climax.(41).Early attempts at mapping and classifying Africa’s vegetation stressed this relationship:sometimes the names of plant zones were derived directly from climates.In this discussion the idea of zones is retained only ina broad descriptive sense.(42). In addition, over time more floral regions of varying shape and size have been recognized.Many schemes have arisen successively,all of which have had to take views on two important aspects: the general scale of treatment to be adopted, and the degree to which human modification is to be comprehended or discounted.(43).Quite the opposite assumption is now frequently advanced. An intimate combination of many species—in complex associations and related to localized soils, slopes, and drainage—has been detailed in many studies of the African tropics. In a few square miles there may be a visible succession from swamp with papyrus, the grass of which the ancient Egyptians made paper and from which the word“paper”originated,through swampy grassland and broad-leaved woodland and grass to a patch of forest on richer hillside soil,and finally to juicy fleshy plants on a nearly naked rock summit.(44). Correspondingly, classifications have differed greatlyin their principles for naming,grouping,and describing formations: some have chosen terms such as forest,woodland,thorn-bush, thicket, and shrub for much of the same broad tracts that others have grouped as wooded savanna (treeless grassy plain) and steppe (grassy plain with few trees).This is best seen in the nomenclature, naming of plants, adopted by two of the most comprehensive and authoritative maps of Africa’s vegetation that have been published: R. W. J. Keay’s Vegetation Map of Africa South of the Tropic of Cancer and its more widely based successor, The Vegetation Map of Africa,compiled by Frank White.In the Keay map the terms“savanna”and“steppe” were adopted as precise definition of formations, based on the herb layer and the coverage of woody vegetation; the White map, however, discarded these two categories as specific classifications.Yet any rapid absence of savanna as in its popular and more general sense is doubtful.(45).However,some100specific types of vegetation identified on the source map have been compressed into14broader classifications.[A] As more has become known of the many thousands of African plant species and their complex ecology, naming, classification,and mapping have also become more particular, stressing what was actually present rather than postulating about climatic potential.[B] In regions of higher rainfall, such as eastern Africa, savanna vegetation is maintained by periodic fires. Consuming dry grass at the end of the rainy season,the fires burn back the forest vegetation, check the invasion of trees and shrubs, and stimulate new grass growth.[C] Once, as with the scientific treatment of African soils, a much greater uniformity was attributed to the vegetation than would have been generally accepted in the same period for treatments of the lands of western Europe or the United States.[D] The vegetational map of Africa and general vegetation groupings used here follow the White map and its extensive annotations.[E] African vegetation zones are closely linked to climatic zones, with the same zones occurring both north and south of the equator in broadly similar patterns.As with climatic zones, differences in the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation constitute the most important influence on the development of vegetation.[F]Nevertheless,in broad terms,climate remains the dominant control over vegetation.Zonal belts of precipitation,reflection latitude and contrasting exposure to the Atlantic and Indian oceans and their currents,give some reality to related belts of vegetation.[G]The span of human occupation in Africa is believed to exceed that of any other continent. All the resultant activities have tended, on balance, to reduce tree cover and increase grassland; but there has been considerable dispute among scholars concerning the natural versus human-caused development of most African grasslands at the regional level.答案41.F 42.A 43.C 44.G 45.D总体分析本文是一篇介绍非洲植被讨论的科普性文章。
2024届新高考九省联考模拟仿真卷（四）语文本卷满分：150分，考试时间：150分钟。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，18分）阅读下面的文字，完成1—5题。
材料一：如今，“玩梗”成为年轻人的流行文化。
我们既要鼓励语言创新，尊重年轻人的创新表达方式，重视网络用语对现代汉语发展的促进，理解流行词语无可替代的表达功能，也要高度警惕消极的玩梗文化，防范玩梗背后的传播迷思和价值取向偏差。
梗文化已经形成了鲜明的特质，其依赖的是将逻辑推至极致带来的荒诞，并借助于这一荒诞性去完成一次笑点的制造。
梗的诞生发展可以分为语音变异和词汇变异两大源头。
语音变异是指将各地方言或者外来语言转化成汉语中的同音字或近音字，以达到通俗易懂和生动有趣的目的。
词汇变异是指词汇的变化以某一词汇作为基础进行延伸。
梗，通过对某事或某物在不同情境的解码编码，构建了一种全新的话语体系。
玩梗，作为年轻人一种新的生活方式，其流行离不开媒介技术、符号意义、生产风格和社交隐喻的共同作用。
造梗者漫不经心地自创或者引用某些具有流行潜质的词句或场景充当梗的语料，用以表达、评论、分享，成为梗的首发角色；玩梗者受个人经历、生活经验或性格偏好的影响与造梗者的输出一拍即合，对梗进行理解、解读、定义、回应、修正、延伸和再造。
当下许多“梗”的更新速度快、包含意义多样。
由于没有明确的定义和指向，“梗”的能指和所指都很丰富，在编码和解码过程中都存在着流动性。
大众在使用“网络流行梗”时，不会追求一个确定的意义，更多的是通过“梗”来确立自身的位置，获得群体认同和情感共鸣。
2023届高考新题型语言文字运用——成语填空专训四【模拟训练】阅读下面的文字，完成下题。
自己不易对付，因为对付自己的道理有一个模棱性。
从一方面看，一个人不可无自尊心，不可无人格。
从另一方面看，他不可有________心，不可执着，不可任私心成见支配。
总之，他自视不宜太小，却又不宜太大，难处就在调剂安排，________。
自己不易对付，(因为不容易认识)，正如有力不能自举，有目不能自视。
当局者迷，旁观者清。
对于自己我们是当局者而不是旁观者，我们自囿于“我”的小圈子，不能跳开“我”来看世界，来看“我”，没有透视所必需的距离，不能取正确观照所必需的冷静的客观态度，也就要执迷，认不清自己，只任私心、成见、虚荣、幻觉种种势力支配，把自己的真实面目弄得完全颠倒错乱。
我们像蚕一样，________。
真正有自知之明的人实在不多见。
“知人则哲”，自知或许是哲以上的事。
“知道你自己”这句古训所以被称为希腊人最高智慧的结晶。
1．请在文中横线处填入恰当的成语。
（3分）答案：阅读下面的文字，完成下题。
进入新年，一段时长3分钟的“乡村版迪迦奥特曼”短视频在社交媒体上“火”了起来。
这条短视频由五名“90后”费时半个月拍摄，获得了网友大量转发支持。
近年来，此类“土味文化”，已经成为网络上一股重要的文化风潮。
我们知道，趣味低下、搞怪猎奇、内容浮浅的感官刺激之作必然。
但“乡村版迪迦奥特曼”的跨国大热，以及去年华农兄弟“竹鼠系列”视频的全民火爆，与过往的“土味文化”有着巨大区别。
擅长用优质的创作表现真实的生活，这也代表着“土味文化”开始走向成熟。
我们乐见这种乡村文化的繁盛。
文化产品要做到特定时代的“社群生活的表达”。
二十世纪西方出现的众多艺术流派，与曾经的艺术表现形式大相径庭。
事实上艺术家需要不断探索新的感知世界的方式方法。
扎根时代、扎根生活，这是文化产品创作的。
而今，全民文化时代正在徐徐拉开大幕，优秀的“土味文化”无疑将是其中重要的角色。
2022届新高考二轮复习新题型专项练习4——读后续写(人际沟通)1. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Several years ago I worked in an international company selling computer devices. At the time I had to travel around the country as a part of my work. I remember clearly that I was at a stage of my life where I only cared about how to earn more money.Once, I went to the airport to take a bus to downtown as usual. The routine was as follows; get into the city, take the bus to the hotel, visit the customer, work late, take the bus back to the airport and fly back... Somehow, that day I decided to take the stairs down to a different exit, where I found a beautiful garden I had never seen before. I waited there and enjoyed the scenery until the bus came.I was used to the seat behind the driver. However, that day I sat on a seat in the middle and a boy was seated next to me and he was carrying a great many suitcases. He turned to me suddenly and gave me one of the most sincere smiles I had ever seen from a stranger. He said warmly, "Hi, the perfect day is in the perfect place, isn't it?"I remember saying to myself—this must be one of the typical people who were young and just thought everything in the world was beautiful and easy. Why was he annoying me when I just wanted to enjoy the bus ride? But out of politeness, I answered, "Really perfect! Did your dear parents pay for you to have some vacations on the beach?" "No, I don't have parents and I'm not here for vacation." He shook his head instantly, "I'm here to achieve my biggest dream. Actually, I'm on the way to the army school where my grandfather studied a long time ago."注意:续写词数应为150左右。
TEM 4 新题型练习1Part I DICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read to you sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will be given 1 minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Passage 1Passage 2Passage 3PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A TalkIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.Mastering the Art of Conversation1. Make eye contact•Give a (1) _______ smiling look•Avoid forcing interaction on uninterested people•Be outgoing instead of (2)_____•Have a sense of boundary•Know (3) _______ to approach others2. Ask (4) ________•More than “Yes” or “No”•Encourage people to (5) _________•Suggested ideas•Thoughts about a book/magazine•(6) ________ to do around here•Where to shop for clothes3. Search for a(an) (7) ________•Probe for things in common•Same workplace, (8) ________ friends•Start with scenario with strangers:•Ask for (9) ________ in a bookstore•Make jokes when waiting in line•Offer a compliment•Avoid (10) _______ commentsStop Being a People Pleaser1. Say “no”•Give reasons instead of (1)_______ excuses•Examples•It’s stressful to (2) _______ a large family•Say “(3) _______” when declining a party invitation•Start small and say it firmly and (4) _______2. (5) _______ your boundaries•Compare your boundaries to limits you set on others•Decide what is unacceptable, (6) ________, abnormal•How it feels to be treated with (7) ________3. Re-examine your (8) _________•Help other because of willingness•Kindness: by choice, not because of (9) _________•Am I wise when helping others yet neglecting myself?•Is my action (10) ________?Ban on Public Smoking1. Goal in speaking•A ban of smoking from (1) __________2. Cause of illnesses and (2) _________•Risk of heart disease increased by 25-35%•Chance of lung cancer increased by (3) _________•Risk of colds, and (4) __________ problems increased among kids3. Cause of (5) _________•Releasing gases harmful for environment•High content of fine particulate matter or (6) _________4. (7) ________ environments for quitting smoke•(8) _________ smokers surveyed want to quit5. Other (9) __________ to receive nicotine•(10) _________: nicotine gum, nicotine patchesSECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C, and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have thirty seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Ex. 1Conversation One1. A. He needs to transfer to another university.B. He wants the woman to make a decision.C. He needs advice about school transfer.D. He wants to know about Central University.2. A. He can’t choose Business Administration as his major.B. He can’t transfer his credits to Central University.C. He didn’t make any friends in the past year.D. He is far away from his family and friends.3. A. Keep the same major.B. Attend the business school.C. Restart from the beginning.D. Study for an extra year.4. A. She missed her home very much in the first year.B. She wanted to pack bags after the first two weeks.C. She felt most comfortable in her second year.D. She chose to stay in school in her senior year.5. A. Stay in Prince University for one more year.B. Learn to live away from family and friends.C. Check into the exact transfer requirements.D. Come back and talk with the woman again.Conversation Two6. A. It is a heavy box-type.B. There is a big scratch at the front.C. The color is golden.D. Its brand name is on the back.7. A. Her wallet, pens and a novel.B. Papers and computers.C. Her wallet, papers and a novel.D. Papers, pens and a novel.8. A. In the train.B. On the platform.C. On campus.D. In a classroom.9. A. At five twenty.B. At five twenty-five.C. At five thirty five.D. At half past five.10. A. Come to the train station.B. Buy a new briefcase.C. Go to the police station.D. Change her telephone number.Ex. 2Conversation One1. A. She failed the two quizzes.B. She wants to drop the class.C. She doesn’t do well in statistics.D. She is sensitive to numbers.2. A. The end of the first week.B. The end of the second semester.C. The end of the first month.D. The end of the second week.3. A. Because she is very good at mathematics.B. Because she likes the professor’s lecture.C. Because it is very easy to pass the exam.D. Because it helps her to take another class.4. A. She wants to make some money.B. She likes to meet different people.C. She needs some teaching experience.D. She hasn’t got student loan yet.5. A. Drop the class.B. Get the private tutor.C. Buy a voice recorder.D. Take notes and think.Conversation Two6. A. At ten o’clock.B. At ten past ten.C. At ten to ten.D. At a quarter to ten.7. A. She never had her eyes tested before high school.B. She had difficulty with distance vision in high school.C. Her eyesight was fine after she entered university.D. Her eyes became worse when she was at college.8. A. When driving.B. When reading books.C. When drawing.D. When writing.9. A. Light.B. Popular.C. Cheapest.D. Beautiful.10. A. By check.B. In cash.C. By credit card.D. By debit card.Ex. 3Conversation One1. A. Police officer.B. Housing adviser.C. Travel consultant.D. University student.2. A. She plans to stay here for four months.B. She thinks her English is advanced.C. She’s going to have the permit extended.D. She’ll teach English as a part-time job.3. A. In the centre.B. In the north.C. In the southwest.D. In the northwest.4. A. Because she hopes to keep a pet there.B. Because she wants to watch TV there.C. Because she would like to relax there.D. Because she can grow vegetables there.5. A. In about 14 days.B. On March 10th.C. After one week.D. Within two days.Conversation Two6. A. Receive information on TMA’s.B. Join and stay with her parents.C. Hand in her work in advance.D. Stay in school and study.7. A. Word length.B. Information sources.C. Quotations.D. Typed work.8. A. To record the time when students come and leave the campus.B. To track students’ whereabouts when they are on campus.C. To transmit students’ information to a central station.D. To help teachers with roll-calls when checking attendance.9. A. They can participate in their child’s condition at school.B. They will be aware of their child’s daily school activities.C. They will no longer worry about their children at school.D. They can provide security and discipline for the children.10. A. They will be less devoted to roll-calls.B. They will have perfect class attendance.C. They will teach better with the ID card.D. They can concentrate more on teaching.。
Part1REQUIRED QUESTIONS必考题1.Study1)Do you work or are you a student?2)What major/subject(s)are you studying?Do you like it?3)Is it very interesting?4)Do many students in your country study that subject?5)Why did you choose to study those subjects?6)Do you like your major/subjects?Why or why not?7)Are you looking forward to working?8)What do you plan to do after you finish your studies?9)Do you prefer to study in the mornings or in the afternoons?10)What technology do you use when you study?2.Hometown1)Where is your hometown?2)Is that a big city or a small place?3)Please describe your hometown a little.4)How long have you been living there?5)Do you like your hometown?6)What do you like about your hometown?7)Is there anything you dislike about it?8)Do you think you will continue living there for a long time?9)What’s your hometown famous for?10)Did you learn about the history of your hometown at school?3.Home/Accommodation1)Do you live in a house or a flat?2)Can you describe the place where you live?3)Who do you live with?4)How long have you lived there?5)Please describe the room you live in.6)What part of your home do you like the most?7)Which room does your family spend most of the time in?8)What do you usually do in your house/flat/room?9)Do you plan to live there for a long time?10)Do you prefer living in a house or a flat?11)Are the transport facilities to your home very good?12)What kind of house or flat do you want to live in in the future?13)What makes you feel pleasant in your home?14)What’s the difference between where you are living now and where you have lived inthe past?15)Do you think it is important to live in a comfortable environment?The area you live in16)Do you like the area that you live in?17)What are some changes in the area recently?18)Do you know any famous people in your area?19)Where do you like to go in that area?20)Do you know any of your neighbours?1.Art1)Do you like art?2)Do you like visiting art galleries?3)Do you want to be an artist?4)Do you like modern art or traditional art?2.Chocolate1)Do you like eating chocolate?Why or why not?2)How often do you eat chocolate?3)Did you often eat chocolate when you were a kid?4)Why do you think chocolate is popular around the world?5)What is your favorite flavor?6)Do you think it is good to use chocolate as gifts to others?3.Happy things1)Is there anything that has made you feel happy lately?2)What made you happy when you were little?3)What do you think will make you feel happy in the future?4)When do you feel happy at work?Why?5)Do you feel happy when buying new things?6)Do you think people are happy when buying new things?4.Jewelry1)Do you often wear jewelry?2)What type of jewelry do you like?3)Do you usually buy jewelry?4)Why do you think some people wear a piece of jewelry for a long time?5.Keys1)Do you always bring a lot of keys with you?2)Have you ever lost your keys?3)Do you often forget the keys and lock yourself out?4)Do you think it’s a good idea to leave your keys with a neighbor?6.Library1)Do you often go to library?2)What do you usually do in the library?3)Did you go to library when you were a kid?4)Do Chinese kids often go to library?7.Music1)What music do you like and dislike?2)Do you often listen to one type of music?3)What music do your friends like?Do you enjoy the same type of music?4)What’s the most popular type of music where you live?5)Which singer or musician would you like to see in person?8.Outer space and stars1)Have you ever learnt about outer space and stars?2)Do you like science fiction movies?Why?3)Do you want to know more about outer space?4)Do you want to go into outer space in the future?9.School1)Where do you go to school?2)Do you go to a good school?3)Do you like your teachers?4)Do you like your current learning atmosphere?5)What are the differences between your school and other schools?6)Is there anything you want to change about your school?10.Small business1)Do you know many small businesses where you live?2)Do you prefer buying things in big companies or small businesses?3)Have you ever worked in small businesses?4)Have you ever thought about starting your own business?11.Staying up late1)Do you often stay up late?2)Did you stay up late when you were a kid?3)What do you do when you stay up late?4)What does it feel like the next morning if you stay up late?12.T-shirt1)Do you like wearing T-shirt?2)How often do you wear T-shirt?3)Do you like T-shirt with pictures or prints?4)Do you think older people who wear T-shirts are fashionable?5)Would you buy T-shirts as souvenirs on vacation?13.Weekends1)Do you like weekends?2)What do you usually do on weekends?Study or work?3)What did you do last weekends?4)Do you make plans for you weekends?Part2+Part3People1.Describe a person you met at a party who you enjoyed talking with.You should say:Who the person isWhat party it wasWhat you talked aboutAnd explain why you enjoyed talking with him/herPart31)In what situations would people be willing to get to know new people?2)Where do people go to meet new people?3)How do people start a conversation?4)Is it difficult for Chinese people to communicate with people from othercountries?5)Why are some people unwilling to have conversations with others?6)Is it difficult for adults to talk with children?2.Describe a person you have met who you want to work/study with.You should say:Who the person isHow you met this personHow long you have known him/herAnd explain why you want to work/study with him/herPart31)Why should children be kind to their classmates?2)Can children choose their desk mates?3)What matters most about a colleague’s personality?4)Are good colleagues important at work?5)What kind of people are popular at work?6)Are knowledgeable people popular at work?3.Describe an interesting old person you have met.You should say:Who the person isWhen/where you met this personWhat you did with this personAnd explain why you think this person is interestingPart31)Do you think old people and young people can share interest?2)What can old people teach young people?3)Is it easy for young people and old people to make friends with each other?4)Do you think people are more selfish or self-centered now than in the past?5)What benefits can people get if they are self-centered?4.Describe a film character played by an actor or actress whom you adm ireYou should say:Who this actor/actress isWhen you saw the filmWhat the character was like in this filmAnd explain why you admire this actor/actressPart31)Are actors or actresses very interested in their work?Why?2)Is being a professional actor or actress a good career?3)What can children learn from acting?4)Why do children like special costumes?5)What are the differences between actors or actresses who earn much and thosewhoearn little?6)What are the differences between acting in a theater and that in a film?Place1.Describe a noisy place you have been to.You should say:Where it isWhen you went thereWhat you did thereAnd explain why you feel it’s noisyPart31)Do you think it is good for children to make noise?2)Should children not be allowed to make noise under any circumstances?3)What kinds of noises are there in our lives?4)Which area is exposed to noise more,the city or the countryside?5)How would people usually respond to noises in your country?6)How can people consider other’s feelings when chatting in public?2.Describe your favorite place in your house where you can relax.You should say:Where it isWhat it is likeWhat you enjoy doing thereAnd explain why you feel relaxed at this placePart31)Why is it difficult for some people to relax?2)What are the benefits of doing exercise?3)Do people in your country exercise after work?4)What is the place where people spend most of their time at home?5)Do you think there should be classes for training young people and children howto relax?6)Which is more important,mental relaxation or physical relaxation?3.Describe a new development in the area where you live.(e.g.shopping mall,park)You should say:What the development isWhen/where you noticed itHow long it took to complete itAnd explain how you feel about itPart31)What transportation do you use the most?2)Is public transportation popular in China?3)What can be done to improve public transport services in your hometown?4)What leisure facilities can be used by people of all ages?5)Do you think young people in your country like going to the cinema?6)How is the subway system developing in your country?4.Describe a place you visited where the air was polluted.You should say:Where the place isWhen you visited itWhy the air was not goodAnd explain how you feel about the placePart31)Is there more pollution now than in the past?2)In what ways can air pollution be reduces effectively?3)Do you think the city is cleaner or dirtier than the countryside?Why?4)What can factories and power plants do to reduce pollutants?5)Do you think many companies have been forced to reduce pollutants?6)Do you think the wind has any effect on pollution?How?5.Describe another city you would like to stay for a short time. You should say:Where the city isWhy you want to go thereWhom you will go there withWhat you will do thereAnd explain why you will stay there just for a short timePart31)Why do people sometimes go to other cities or other countries to travel?2)Why are historical cities popular?3)Why do places with historical sites develop tourism industry more actively?4)Do you think tourists may come across bad things in other cities?5)Do most people like planned traveling?6)Why is the noise pollution worse in tourism cities than in other cities?1.Describe an unusual meal you had.You should say:When you had itWhere you had itWhom you had it withAnd explain why it was unusualPart31)What are the advantages and disadvantages of eating in restaurants?2)What fast food are there in your country?3)Do people eat fast food at home?4)Why do some people choose to eat out instead of ordering takeout?5)Do people in your country socialize in restaurants?Why?6)Do people in your country value food culture?2.Describe a piece of technology you own that you feel is difficult to use. You should say:When you got itWhat you got it forHow often you use itAnd explain how you feel about itPart31)What technology do people currently use?2)Why do big companies introduce new products frequently?3)Why are people so keen on buying iPhones even though they haven’t changedmuch from one iPhone to the next?4)Why do technology companies keep upgrading their products?5)What changes has the development of technology brought about in our lives?6)Does the development of technology affect the way we study?How?1.Describe a piece of good news that you heard about someone you kno w well.You should say:What it wasWhen you heard itHow you knew itAnd explain how you felt about itPart31)Is it good to share something on social media?2)Should the media only publish good news?3)How does social media help people access information?4)What kind of good news do people often share in the community?5)Do most people like to share good news with others?6)Do people like to hear good news from their friends?2.Describe an advertisement you have seen but you did not like.You should say:Where and when you saw itWhat the advertisement was forWhat you could see in the advertisementAnd explain why you did not like the advertisementPart31)What are the most advertised products in your country?2)Which one is more effective,newspaper advertising or inline advertising?3)What are the benefits of advertising?4)What do you think of celebrity endorsements in advertising?5)Does advertising encourage us to buy things we don’t need?6)What role does social media play in advertising?3.Describe a website you often visitYou should say:What it is aboutHow you found out about itHow often you visit itAnd explain why you often visit itPart31)What are the most popular and least popular apps in China?2)What’s the difference between the internet and television?3)Why do some people like to read the news on the Internet instead of getting it from TV?4)Is the library still necessary?Why?5)What kinds of people would still go to the library to read and study?6)What are the differences between old people and young people when they use theInternet?Event1.Describe something you would like to learn in the future.You should say:What it isHow you would like to learn itWhere you would like to learn itWhy you would like to learn itAnd explain whether it’s difficult to learn itPart31)What’s the most popular thing to learn nowadays?2)At what age should children start making their own decisions?Why?3)Which influences young people more when choosing a course,income or interest?4)Do young people take their‘parents’advice when choosing a major?5)Besides parents,who else would people take advice from?6)Why do some people prefer to study alone?2.Describe a daily routine that you enjoy.You should say:What it isWhere and when you do itWho you do it withAnd explain why you enjoy itPart31)Should children have learning routines?2)What are the advantages of children having a routine at school?3)Does having a routine make kids feel more secure at school?4)How do people’s routines differ on weekdays and weekends?5)What daily routines do people have at home?6)What are the differences between people’s daily routines now and in the last15years?3.Describe a complaint that you made and you were satisfied with the re sult.You should say:When it happenedWho you complained toWhat you complained aboutAnd explain why you were satisfied with the resultPart31)When are people more likely to make complaints?2)What do people often complain about?3)Which one is better when making a complaint,by talking or by writing?4)Who are more likely to make complaints,older people or younger people?5)How would you react if you received a poor service at a restaurant?6)How do people often respond to poor customer service?4.Describe a time when you missed or were late for an important meetin g/event.You should say:When it happenedWhat happenedWhy you missed/were late for itAnd explain how you felt about this experiencePart31)Are you a punctual person?2)Do you think it is important to be on time?3)Do you always avoid being late?4)Why are people often late for meetings or appointments?5)Are people in your country often late for meetings?6)Do you think people are born with time management skills or they can develop them?5.Describe something that you did with someone/a group of people.You should say:What it wasWho you did it withHow long it took you to do thisAnd explain why you did it togetherPart31)How do you get along with your neighbors?2)How do neighbors help each other?3)Do you think neighbors help each other more often in the countryside than in the city?4)How do children learn to cooperate with each other?5)Do you think parents should teach children how to cooperate with others?How6)Do you think it’s important for children to learn about cooperation?6.Describe a time when you taught a friend/relative something.You should say:Who you taughtWhat/how you taughtWhat the result wasAnd explain how you felt about the experiencePart31)What practical skill can young people teach old people?2)What skills can young people teach old people besides technology?3)How can young people teach old people skills?4)How can we know what to do when we want to learn something new?5)Do you think‘showing’is a better way than‘telling’in education?6)Do people in your country like to watch videos to learn something?7.Describe your first day at school that you remember.You should say:Where the school wasHow you went thereWhat happened that dayAnd how you felt on that dayPart31)What would parents prepare when their kids go to school on the first day?2)How do children socialize with each other?3)Is socialization important for children?4)What are the reasons for job change?5)Are big companies better than small companies?Why?6)What are the advantages and disadvantages coming along with changing jobs?8.Describe a historical period/moment you would like to learn more abo ut.You should say:What you are interested inWhen it happenedWhat you know about itAnd why you would like to learn morePart31)Should everyone know history?2)In what ways can children learn history?3)What are the differences between learning history from books and from videos?4)Is it difficult to protect and preserve historic buildings?5)Who should be responsible for protecting historic buildings?6)Who should pay for the preservation of historic buildings?9.Describe something you did that made you feel proud.You should sayWhat it wasHow you did itWhat difficulty you hadHow you dealt with the difficultyAnd explain why you felt proud of itPart31)Which one is more important,personal goals or work goals?2)Have your life goals changed since your childhood?3)Does everyone set goals for themselves?4)What kinds of rewards are important at work?5)Do you think material rewards are more important than other rewards at work?6)What makes people feel proud of themselves?10.Describe a time when someone gave you something that you really w anted.You should say:What it wasWhen you received itWho gave it to youAnd explain why you wanted it so muchPart31)Should employees have their own goals?2)How should bosses reward employees?3)What kinds of gifts do young people like to receive as rewards?4)How should children spend their allowance money?5)Why do people like shopping more now than in the past?6)Do you think shopping is good for a country’s economy?11.Describe an activity you enjoyed in your free time when you were you ng.You should say:What it wasWhere you did itWho you did it withAnd explain why you enjoyed itPart31)Is it important to have a break during work or study?2)What sports do young people like to do now?3)Are there more activities for young people now than20years ago?4)Can most people balance work and life in China?5)What activities do children and adults do nowadays?6)Do adults and children have enough time for leisure activities nowadays?。
高考语文语言表达运用新题型练习班级考号姓名总分一、阅读下面的文字，完成小题。
①张家口的根，其实在堡子里。
②堡子里，隐居在张家口市区繁华商业街——武城街的偏西一隅，穿越六百年时光。
③当人们开始寻根，开始关注张家口的历史源头，堡子里便再也掩藏不住自己的光泽。
④只有看过堡子里，才能了解这座城的 A ，看懂这座城的地域性格。
始建于明万历九年的玉皇阁，乃当年堡子里的最高建筑，雄踞北城墙正中。
玉皇阁飞檐画壁，烽火相连，融精神信仰与军事防御于一体。
特别．．是塞外晴空掩映着日暮斜阳时，驻足玉皇阁下抬头仰望，愈发显出人如 B 般微小。
文昌阁，则与玉皇阁南北相对，始建于明万历四十六年，位于堡子里的中心地段。
墩台高8米，四门洞穿越墩台通向东西南北四条街。
堡子里的居民，或步行，或骑自行车，或开汽车，带着老人孩子，载着四季果蔬，从春到夏，从秋到冬，在四门洞中 C 。
昔日的神圣庄严，终究敌不过芸芸众生的热烈生活，在漫长的时光中，染上最民间的味道，愈发亲和可爱。
62.请在文中横线处填入恰当的成语。
63.“小隐于野，大隐于市。
”这两句话出现的位置，最恰当的是（）A.①处B.②处C.③处D.④处64.下列句子中的“特别”与文中加点的“特别”，意义和用法相同的一项是（）A.老张刚刚跟我说，他这次过年回家，特别带了很多黑龙江特产来送给我们。
B.哈尔滨冰雪大世界那些美丽的冰雕背后，有一群特别的人，他们就是冰雕师傅。
C.2月24日，在釜山世乒赛女团决赛中，中国队3：2险胜日本队，赢得特别艰难。
D.跑步需要掌握正确的技巧，特别是跑步之前要适当热身，以降低对身体的伤害。
二、阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
济南的三大名胜，名字都起得好：千佛山，趵突泉，火明湖，都多么响亮好听！一听到“火明湖”这三个字，便联想到春光明媚和湖光山色等等，而心中浮现出一幅美景来。
事实上，可是，它既不大，又不明，也不湖。
湖中现在已不是一片清水，而是用坝划开的多少块“地”。
部编版一年级语文上册第一单元测试卷基础百花园(50分)主题训练营(9分)读写展示台(41分)参考答案：第一单元达标检测卷二、①③②①②三、四、1.2. B A A B3.五、1.日三禾 2. 口十日六、动物：①④⑦天气：③⑥⑨器官：人称：七、1. B A 2. B九、1. B 2.3．C4．示例：我认识的动物有公鸡、兔子、小狗、猫、鸭等。
我最喜欢的动物是公鸡，因为它每天打鸣催人们早起。
十、1. 手足口耳目2. 天天3．目口足手耳4.十一、1. B 2. A 3. A部编版一年级语文上册第二单元达标检测卷基础百花园(41分)主题训练营(17分)读写展示台(42分)参考答案：第二单元达标检测卷一、ɑo e i u ü二、略三、ōáèǚ四、kuòǔmǒqiǎkèjūshuōǔ五、六、ǐp ǔm uā七、八、1. A B 2. C B A九、略十、略十一、1.2．(1) B (2) A3．(1)× (2)√4．示例：同学做作业十二、1. d d d q q q3．n m4.略。
十三、1. cā zhuō zi 2. dā jī mù部编版一年级语文上册第三单元达标检测卷时间：60分钟满分：100分第三单元达标检测卷一、1.声母：w n y f zh d c b韵母：ou ui u iu ɑo e ei i ü ie üe ɑi整体认读音节：ye zhi si yue ci ri2．cǎo(√) pí(√) chē(√)zǒu(√) shì(√) nǎi(√)3．ye yin yu yue yun yuɑn4．chǒu áng d iūnüèóng r òu k u ān j üān 5．sōnɡ shǔwū guīxióng māo lún chuán tài yáng fēng zheng6. 白月雪皮奶亮云奶花毛7．动物：①④⑦○11水果：②⑤⑨⑩文具：③⑥⑧○128．shù yètóng xuédà qiáo kǒng quèhóng huājīn y ú.二、10.√mào zi √shǒu juàn √píng guǒ√bǐng gān三、11.②12.②①④③四、13.师仔知识14．上课要听老师话。
2021新高考新题型——数学多选题专项练习（4）一、多选题1． 我们将横、纵坐标均为整数的点称为整点，则直线:(l y kx b =+ ) A ．存在k ，b R ∈使得直线l 上无整点B ．存在k ，b R ∈使得直线l 上恰有一个整点C ．存在k ，b R ∈使得直线l 上恰有两个整点D ．存在k ，b R ∈使得直线l 上有无数个整点2． 已知实数a ，b 满足0a >，0b >，1a ≠，1b ≠，且lgb x a =，lga y b =，lga z a =，lgb w b =，则( )A ．存在实数a ，b ，使得x y z w >>>B ．存在a b ≠，使得x y z w ===C ．任意符合条件的实数a ，b 都有x y =D ．x ，y ，z ，w 中至少有两个大于13． 已知函数()[]f x x x =-，其中[]x 表示不大于x 的最大整数，下列关于函数()f x 的性质，描述正确的是( ) A ．()f x 是增函数 B ．()f x 是周期函数 C ．()f x 的值域为[0，1)D ．()f x 是偶函数 4． 正方体截面的形状有可能为( ) A ．正三角形B ．正方形C ．正五边形D ．正六边形5． 已知集合{|32A x x a b ==+，a ，}b Z ∈，{|23B x x a b ==-，a ，}b Z ∈，则( ) A ．A B ⊆B ．B A ⊆C ．A B =D ．AB =∅6． 设全集{0U =，1，2，3，4}，集合{0A =，1，4}，{0B =，1，3}，则( ) A ．{0A B =，1} B ．{4}UB =C ．{0AB =，1，3，4}D ．集合A 的真子集个数为87． 定义“正对数”： 0011x ln x lnx x +<<⎧=⎨⎩若0a >，0b >，则下列结论中正确的是( )A ．()b ln a bln a ++=B ．()ln ab ln a ln b +++=+C ．()aln ln a ln b b+++-D ．()ln a b ln a ln b +++++E ．()2ln a b ln a ln b ln ++++++8． 如图，PA 垂直于以AB 为直径的圆所在的平面，点C 是圆周上异于A ，B 的任一点，则下列结论中正确的是( )A ．PB AC ⊥ B ．PC BC ⊥C ．AC ⊥平面PBCD ．平面PAB ⊥平面PBCE ．平面PAC ⊥平面PBC 9． 下面说法中错误的是( )A ．经过定点0(P x ，0)y 的直线都可以用方程00()y y k x x -=-表示B ．经过定点0(P x ，0)y 的直线都可以用方程00()x x m y y -=-表示C ．经过定点(0,)A b 的直线都可以用方程y kx b =+表示D ．不经过原点的直线都可以用方程1x ya b+=表示 E ．经过任意两个不同的点11(P x ，1)y ，22(P x ，2)y 的直线都可以用方程121121()()()()y y x x x x y y --=--表示10． 已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>23，右顶点为A ，以A 为圆心，b为半径作圆A ，圆A 与双曲线C 的一条渐近线交于M 、N 两点，则有( ) A ．渐近线方程为3y x = B ．渐近线方程为3y x = C ．60MAN ∠=︒D ．120MAN ∠=︒11． 设有一组圆224:(1)()(*)C x y k k k N -+-=∈，下列四个命题正确的是( )A ．存在k ，使圆与x 轴相切B ．存在一条直线与所有的圆均相交C ．存在一条直线与所有的圆均不相交D ．所有的圆均不经过原点12． 一几何体的平面展开图如图所示，其中四边形ABCD 为正方形，E 、F 分别为PB 、PC 的中点，在此几何体中，给出的下面结论中正确的有( )A ．直线AE 与直线BF 异面B ．直线AE 与直线DF 异面C ．直线//EF 平面PADD ．直线DF ⊥平面PBC13． 已知函数()2sin(2)13f x x π=-+，则下列说法正确的是( )A ．()2()6f x f x π-=-B ．()6f x π-的图象关于4x π=对称C ．若1202x x π<<<，则12()()f x f x <D ．若123,,[,]32x x x ππ∈，则123()()()f x f x f x +>14． 已知函数()2x x e e f x --=，()2x xe e g x -+=，则()f x 、()g x 满足( )A ．()()f x f x -=-，()()g x g x -=B ．(2)f f -<（3），(2)g g -<（3）C ．(2)2()()f x f x g x =D ．22[()][()]1f x g x -=15． 现有一段长度为n 的木棍，希望将其锯成尽可能多的小段，要求每一小段的长度都是整数，并且任何一个时刻，当前最长的一段都严格小于当前最短的一段长度的2倍，记对n 符合条件时的最多小段数为()f n ，则( ) A ．f （7）3=B ．f （7）4=C ．(30)6f =D ．(30)7f =16． 已知O ，A ，B ，C 为平面上两两不重合的四点，且(0)xOA yOB zOC O xyz ++=≠，则( )A ．当且仅当0xyz <时，O 在ABC ∆的外部B ．当且仅当::3:4:5x y z =时，4ABC OBC S S ∆∆= C ．当且仅当x y z ==时，O 为ABC ∆的重心D ．当且仅当0x y z ++=时，A ，B ，C 三点共线 17． 下列说法，正确的有( )A ．函数()36f x lnx x =+-的零点只有1个且属于区间(1,2)B ．若关于x 的不等式2210ax ax ++>恒成立，则(0,1)a ∈C ．函数y x =的图象与函数sin y x =的图象有3个不同的交点D ．函数sin cos sin cos ,[0,]4y x x x x x π=++∈的最小值是118． 已知x ，y ，z R ∈，且x y z π++=，则cos cos cos f x y z =++的最值情况为( ) A ．最大值为3B ．最小值为3-C ．最大值为32D ．最小值为32-19． 在数列{}n a 中，*n N ∈，若211(n n n na a k k a a +++-=-为常数），则称{}n a 为“等差比数列”，下列对“等差比数列”的判断正确的为( ) A ．k 不可能为0B ．等差数列一定是“等差比数列”C ．等比数列一定是“等差比数列”D ．“等差比数列”中可以有无数项为02021新高考新题型——数学多选题专项练习（4）答案解析一、多选题1． 我们将横、纵坐标均为整数的点称为整点，则直线:(l y kx b =+ ) A ．存在k ，b R ∈使得直线l 上无整点B ．存在k ，b R ∈使得直线l 上恰有一个整点C ．存在k ，b R ∈使得直线l 上恰有两个整点D ．存在k ，b R ∈使得直线l 上有无数个整点 【解析】解：根据题意，依次分析选项： 对于A ，当1k =，13b =时，直线l 的方程为13y x =+，直线l 上无整点，A 正确；对于B ，当k 0b =时，直线l 的方程为y =，直线l 上恰有一个整点(0,0)，B 正确；对于C ，假设直线l 上恰有两个整点为1(m ，1)n 和2(m ，2)n ，则有0k ≠， 此时直线l 存在第三个整点：21(2m m -，212)n n -，C 错误；对于D ，当0k =，1b =时，直线l 的方程为1y =，直线l 上有无数个整点； 则ABD 正确； 故选：ABD ．2． 已知实数a ，b 满足0a >，0b >，1a ≠，1b ≠，且lgb x a =，lga y b =，lga z a =，lgb w b =，则( )A ．存在实数a ，b ，使得x y z w >>>B ．存在a b ≠，使得x y z w ===C ．任意符合条件的实数a ，b 都有x y =D ．x ，y ，z ，w 中至少有两个大于1【解析】解：设lga p =，lgb q =．则有10p a =，10q b =，则(10)10lgb p q pq x a ===，(10)10q p pq y ==，2(10)10p p p z ==，2(10)10q q q w ==． 所以任意符合条件的a ，b 都有x y =．C 正解，A 错误． 若a b ≠，则p q ≠，则x z ≠，B 错误．因为1a ≠，1b ≠，所以0p ≠，0q ≠，所以20p >，20q >，故1z >，且1w >，D 正确． 故选：CD ．3． 已知函数()[]f x x x =-，其中[]x 表示不大于x 的最大整数，下列关于函数()f x 的性质，描述正确的是( ) A ．()f x 是增函数 B ．()f x 是周期函数 C ．()f x 的值域为[0，1)D ．()f x 是偶函数【解析】解：当21x -<-时，[]2x =-，此时()[]2f x x x x =-=+． 当10x -<时，[]1x =-，此时()[]1f x x x x =-=+． 当01x <时，[]0x =，此时()[]f x x x x =-=． 当12x <时，[]1x =，此时()[]1f x x x x =-=-． 当23x <时，[]2x =，此时()[]2f x x x x =-=-． 当34x <时，[]3x =，此时()[]3f x x x x =-=-．⋯由此可得函数[][0y x x =-∈，1)，故C 正确； 函数[]y x x =-为非奇非偶函数，故A ，D 错误； 函数[]y x x =-是周期为1的周期函数，故B 正确；函数[]y x x =-在区间[0，1)上为增函数，但整个定义域为不具备单调性，故A 错； 故选：BC ．4． 正方体截面的形状有可能为( ) A ．正三角形B ．正方形C ．正五边形D ．正六边形【解析】解：画出截面图形如图：可以画出正三角形但不是直角三角形（如图1)； 可以画出正方形（如图2)经过正方体的一个顶点去切就可得到五边形．但此时不可能是正五边形（如图3)；正方体有六个面，用平面去截正方体时最多与六个面相交得六边形，且可以画出正六边形（如图4)； 故选：ABD ．5． 已知集合{|32A x x a b ==+，a ，}b Z ∈，{|23B x x a b ==-，a ，}b Z ∈，则( ) A ．A B ⊆B ．B A ⊆C ．A B =D ．AB =∅【解析】解：已知集合{|32A x x a b ==+，a ，}b Z ∈，{|23B x x a b ==-，a ，}b Z ∈， 若x 属于B ，则：233*(2)2*(2)x a b a b a =-=-+-； 2a b -、2a -均为整数，x 也属于A ，所以B 是A 的子集；若x 属于A ，则：322*(3)3*x a b a b =+=+-（a ）； 3a b +、a 均为整数，x 也属于B ，所以A 是B 的子集；所以：A B =， 故选：ABC ．6． 设全集{0U =，1，2，3，4}，集合{0A =，1，4}，{0B =，1，3}，则( ) A ．{0A B =，1} B ．{4}UB =C ．{0AB =，1，3，4}D ．集合A 的真子集个数为8【解析】解：全集{0U =，1，2，3，4}，集合{0A =，1，4}，{0B =，1，3}， {0AB ∴=，1}，故A 正确，{2UB =，4}，故B 错误， {0AB =，1，3，4}，故C 正确，集合A 的真子集个数为3217-=，故D 错误 故选：AC ．7． 定义“正对数”： 0011x ln x lnx x +<<⎧=⎨⎩若0a >，0b >，则下列结论中正确的是( )A ．()b ln a bln a ++=B ．()ln ab ln a ln b +++=+C ．()aln ln a ln b b+++-D ．()ln a b ln a ln b +++++E ．()2ln a b ln a ln b ln ++++++【解析】解：对于A ，由定义，当1a 时，1b a ，故()()b b ln a ln a blna +==，又bln a blna +=， 故有()b ln a bln a ++=；当01a <<时，1b a <，故()0b ln a +=，又1a <时0bln a +=，所以此时亦有()b ln a bln a ++=． 由上判断知A 正确；对于B ，此命题不成立，可令2a =，13b =，则23ab =，由定义()0ln ab +=，2ln a ln b ln +++=， 所以()ln ab ln a ln b +++≠+；由此知B 错误； 对于C ，当0a b >时，1a b ，此时()aln ln b+= ()0a b ，当1a b 时，()aln a ln b lna lnb ln b++-=-=，此时命题成立；当1a b >>时，ln a ln b lna ++-=，此时aa b>，故命题成立； 同理可验证当10a b >>时，()aln ln a ln b b++-+成立；当1ab<时，同理可验证是正确的，故C 正确； 对于D ，若01a b <+<，0b >时，左0=，右端0，显然成立； 若1a b +>，则()22a bln a b ln a ln b ln ln ln a ln b ++++++++++⇔+，成立，故D 错误，E 正确．故选：ACE ．8． 如图，PA 垂直于以AB 为直径的圆所在的平面，点C 是圆周上异于A ，B 的任一点，则下列结论中正确的是( )A ．PB AC ⊥ B ．PC BC ⊥C ．AC ⊥平面PBCD ．平面PAB ⊥平面PBCE ．平面PAC ⊥平面PBC【解析】解：由题意，BC AC ⊥，若PB AC ⊥，则AC ⊥平面PBC ，可得AC PC ⊥，与AC PA ⊥矛盾，故A 、C 错误；BC AC ⊥，又PA ⊥底面ABC ，PA BC ∴⊥，则BC ⊥平面PAC ，则BC PC ⊥，故B 、E 正确；平面PAC ⊥平面PBC ，若平面PAB ⊥平面PBC ，而平面PAB ⋂平面PAC PA =，则PA ⊥平面PBC ，可得PA PC ⊥，与AC PA ⊥矛盾，故D 错误． 故选：BE ．9． 下面说法中错误的是( )A ．经过定点0(P x ，0)y 的直线都可以用方程00()y y k x x -=-表示B ．经过定点0(P x ，0)y 的直线都可以用方程00()x x m y y -=-表示C ．经过定点(0,)A b 的直线都可以用方程y kx b =+表示D ．不经过原点的直线都可以用方程1x ya b+=表示 E ．经过任意两个不同的点11(P x ，1)y ，22(P x ，2)y 的直线都可以用方程121121()()()()y y x x x x y y --=--表示【解析】解：当直线的斜率不存在时，经过定点0(P x ，0)y 的直线方程为0x x =，不能写成00()y y k x x -=-的形式，故A 错误．当直线的斜率等于零时，经过定点0(P x ，0)y 的直线方程为0y y =，不能写成00()x x m y y -=- 的形式，故B 错误．当直线的斜率不存在时，经过定点(0,)A b 的直线都方程为0x =，不能用方程y kx b =+表示，故C 错误．不经过原点的直线，当斜率不存在时，方程为(0)x a a =≠的形式，故D 错误．经过任意两个不同的点11(P x ，1)y ，22(P x ，2)y 的直线，当斜率等于零时，12y y =，12x x ≠，方程为1y y =，能用方程121121()()()()y y x x x x y y --=--表示；当直线的斜率不存在时，12y y ≠，12x x =，方程为1x x =，能用方程121121()()()()y y x x x x y y --=--表示，故E 正确，故选：ABCD ．10． 已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>，右顶点为A ，以A 为圆心，b为半径作圆A ，圆A 与双曲线C 的一条渐近线交于M 、N 两点，则有( ) A．渐近线方程为y = B．渐近线方程为y x = C ．60MAN ∠=︒ D ．120MAN ∠=︒【解析】解：由题意可得c e a =2c t =，a ，0t >，则b t =，A ，0)， 圆A的圆心为，0)，半径r 为t ，双曲线的渐近线方程为by x a=±，即y =，圆心A到渐近线的距离为3|3t d ==， 弦长||MN t b ===，可得三角形MNA 为等边三角形， 即有60MAN ∠=︒． 故选：BC ．11． 设有一组圆224:(1)()(*)C x y k k k N -+-=∈，下列四个命题正确的是( ) A ．存在k ，使圆与x 轴相切 B ．存在一条直线与所有的圆均相交 C ．存在一条直线与所有的圆均不相交 D ．所有的圆均不经过原点【解析】解：对于A ：存在k ，使圆与x 轴相切2*()k k k N ⇔=∈有正整数解0k ⇔=或1k =，故A 正确；对于B ：因为圆心(1,)k 恒在直线1x =上，故B 正确；对于C ：当k 取无穷大的正数时，半径2k 也无穷大，因此所有直线与圆都相交，故C 不正确；对于D ：将(0,0)代入得241k k +=，即221(1)k k =-，因为右边是两个相邻整数相乘为偶数，而左边为奇数，故方程恒不成立，故D 正确． 故选：ABD ．12． 一几何体的平面展开图如图所示，其中四边形ABCD 为正方形，E 、F 分别为PB 、PC 的中点，在此几何体中，给出的下面结论中正确的有( )A ．直线AE 与直线BF 异面B ．直线AE 与直线DF 异面C ．直线//EF 平面PADD ．直线DF ⊥平面PBC【解析】解：如图，把几何体恢复原状，显然AE ，BF 异面，可知A 正确； //EF BC ，//BC AD ， //EF AD ∴，//EF ∴平面PAD ，可知C 正确；易知AEFD 为等腰梯形，可知B ，D 错误． 故选：AC ．13． 已知函数()2sin(2)13f x x π=-+，则下列说法正确的是( )A ．()2()6f x f x π-=-B ．()6f x π-的图象关于4x π=对称C ．若1202x x π<<<，则12()()f x f x <D ．若123,,[,]32x x x ππ∈，则123()()()f x f x f x +>【解析】解：()2sin(2)13f x x π=-+，对:()2sin[2()]12sin 212()663A f x x x f x πππ∴-=--+=-+≠-，故A 错误；对B ：当4x π=时，()2sin 1162f x ππ-=-+=-，故()6f x π-关于4x π=对称，故B 正确； 对:()C f x 在(0,)2π上不单调，∴1202x x π<<<，不一定12()()f x f x <，故C 错误；对:()D f x 在5(,)312ππ上单调递增，在5(,)122ππ上单调递减，∴当123,,[,]32x x x ππ∈，由()f x 的图象知123()()()f x f x f x +>，故D 正确． 故选：BD ．14． 已知函数()2x x e e f x --=，()2x xe e g x -+=，则()f x 、()g x 满足( )A ．()()f x f x -=-，()()g x g x -=B ．(2)f f -<（3），(2)g g -<（3）C ．(2)2()()f x f x g x =D ．22[()][()]1f x g x -=【解析】解：()()22x x x x e e e e f x f x -----==-=-，()()2x xe e g x g x -+-==．故A 正确，()f x 为增函数，则(2)f f -<（3），成立，22(2)2e e g -+-=，g （3）33(2)2e e g -+=>-，故B 正确，222()()222(2)222x x x x x xe e e e e ef xg x f x ----+-=⨯=⨯=，故C 正确，22[()][()][()()]f x g x f x g x -=+．[()()]()1x x f x g x e e --=-=-，故D 错误， 故选：ABC ．15． 现有一段长度为n 的木棍，希望将其锯成尽可能多的小段，要求每一小段的长度都是整数，并且任何一个时刻，当前最长的一段都严格小于当前最短的一段长度的2倍，记对n 符合条件时的最多小段数为()f n ，则( ) A ．f （7）3=B ．f （7）4=C ．(30)6f =D ．(30)7f =【解析】解：当7n =时，最多可锯成3段：734322=+=++，f ∴（7）3=，故A 正确，B 不正确；当30n =时，最多能锯6段，具体如下：301218121086610866558665544=+=++=+++=++++=+++++．下证大于6段是不可能成立的：若可锯成7段，设为1x ，2x ，⋯，7x （其中127)x x x ⋯，显然14x >，若14x ，则74x ，而4673130⨯+=>，矛盾，因此15x =或16x =， 当16x =时，只能是6444444++++++，退一步必出现6410+=，或448+=， 8与4共同出现在等式中，由题意知这是不可能的，矛盾同理，当15x =时，∴情况为5544444++++++，或5554443++++++，或5555433++++++，针对以上情形采取还原的方法都可得出矛盾，综上，30n =时最多能锯成6段，即(30)6f =，故C 正确，D 不正确． 故选：AC ．16． 已知O ，A ，B ，C 为平面上两两不重合的四点，且(0)xOA yOB zOC O xyz ++=≠，则( )A ．当且仅当0xyz <时，O 在ABC ∆的外部B ．当且仅当::3:4:5x y z =时，4ABC OBC S S ∆∆= C ．当且仅当x y z ==时，O 为ABC ∆的重心D ．当且仅当0x y z ++=时，A ，B ，C 三点共线【解析】解：对于A ，如图1，若x ，y ，z 只有一个为负时，不妨设0y <，0x >，0z >， 则有xOA yOC +与OB 同向．则O 在ABC ∆的外部， 若x ，y ，z 均为负时，不妨取1x y z ===-，可得0OA OB OC ++=，显然O 为ABC ∆的重心，则O 在ABC ∆的内部， 综上，A 错．对于B ．::3:4:5x y z =时，不妨取3x =，4y =，5z =．分别作3OD OA =，4OE OB =，5OF OC =．则点O 为DEF ∆的重心．11112020360OBC OEF DEF DEF S S S S ∆∆∆∆==⨯=， 111545OAC ODF DEF S S S ∆∆∆==， 111236OAB ODE DEF S S S ∆∆∆==， 1111()60453615ABC DEF DEF S S S ∆∆∆∴=++= 113204155OEF OBC OBC S S S ∆∆∆=⨯=⨯=，正确． 对于C ．当且仅当x y z ==时，且(0)xOA yOB zOC O xyz ++=≠，⇔0OA OB OC ++=O ⇔为ABC ∆的重心，正确．对于D ．0x y z ++=时，且(0)xOA yOB zOC O xyz ++=≠，()0xOA yOB x y OC ⇔+-+=，化为：xCA yBC =，可得A ，B ，C 三点共线． 综上可得：BCD 都正确． 故选：BCD ．17． 下列说法，正确的有( )A ．函数()36f x lnx x =+-的零点只有1个且属于区间(1,2)B ．若关于x 的不等式2210ax ax ++>恒成立，则(0,1)a ∈C ．函数y x =的图象与函数sin y x =的图象有3个不同的交点D ．函数sin cos sin cos ,[0,]4y x x x x x π=++∈的最小值是1【解析】解：①对于选项A ，由函数()36f x lnx x =+-在(0,)+∞为增函数，又f （1）f （2）0<，即函数()36f x lnx x =+-的零点只有1个且属于区间(1,2)，即A 正确，②对于选项B ，关于x 的不等式2210ax ax ++>恒成立，则10a ︒=时，满足题意，202440a a a >⎧︒⎨-<⎩，解得：01a <<，综上可得：[0a ∈，1)，即B 错误，③对于选项C ，设()sin g x x x =-，则()1cos 0g x x '=-，即()y g x =在R 上为增函数，又(0)0g =，即()g x 只有一个零点，即函数y x =的图象与函数sin y x =的图象有1个不同的交点，即C 错误，④对于选项D ，设sin cos )4t x x x π=+=+，因为[0x ∈，]4π，所以[1t ∈，所以211()22h t t t =+-，[1t ∈，，所以()min h t h =（1）1=，即D 正确，综合①②③④得： 正确的有A ，D ， 故选：AD ．18． 已知x ，y ，z R ∈，且x y z π++=，则cos cos cos f x y z =++的最值情况为( ) A ．最大值为3B ．最小值为3-C ．最大值为32D ．最小值为32-【解析】解：x ，y ，z R ∈，且x y z π++=，可得x y π==，z π=-时，oosx ，cos y ，cos z 取得最小值1-，即f 取得最小值3-； 当cos x ，cos y ，cos 0z >，可得f 取得最大值， 由cos y x =，02x π<，sin y x '=-，cos 0y x ''=-<，即有函数cos y x =在[0，)2π为凸函数，由()y f x =为区间I 上的凸函数，可得 1212()()()()n nf x f x f x x x x f n n++⋯+++⋯+，可得3cos cos cos 3cos 3cos 332x y z f x y z π++=++==， 即有f 的最大值为32． 故选：BC ．19． 在数列{}n a 中，*n N ∈，若211(n n n na a k k a a +++-=-为常数），则称{}n a 为“等差比数列”，下列对“等差比数列”的判断正确的为( ) A ．k 不可能为0B ．等差数列一定是“等差比数列”C ．等比数列一定是“等差比数列”D ．“等差比数列”中可以有无数项为0 【解析】解：对于A ，k 不可能为0正确；对于B ，1n a =时，{}n a 为等差数列，但不是等差比数列； 对于C ，若等比数列11n n a a q -=，则2110n n n na a k q a a +++-==≠-，所以{}n a 为等差比数列；对于D ，数列0，1，0，1，0，1，⋯，0，1．是等差比数列，且有无数项为0， 故选：ACD ．。
绝密★启用前2024年高考考前信息必刷卷（新高考新题型）01数 学（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）全国新高考卷的题型会有所调整，考试题型为8（单选题）＋3（多选题）＋3（填空题）＋5（解答题），其中最后一道试题是新高考地区新增加的题型，主要涉及整除与算术基本定理、同余与著名数论定理、高阶等差数列与线性递推数列、函数迭代与数列不动点、函数方程、多项式理论与代数基本定理、常用不等式、矩阵与变换、极点极线与射影几何、曲线系模块，以解答题的方式进行考查。
2023年全国新高考地区解答题中，结构中规中矩。
但预测2024年新高考地区将以结构不良型方式整除与算术基本定理、同余与著名数论定理、高阶等差数列与线性递推数列、函数迭代与数列不动点、函数方程、多项式理论与代数基本定理、常用不等式、矩阵与变换、极点极线与射影几何、曲线系模块中的一个，出现在19题的可能性较大，难度中等偏上，例如本卷第19题。
第I 卷（选择题）一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的。
1．某车间有两条生产线分别生产5号和7号两种型号的电池，总产量为8000个．质检人员采用分层抽样的方法随机抽取了一个样本容量为60的样本进行质量检测，已知样本中5号电池有45个，则估计7号电池的产量为（ ）A ．6000个B ．5000个C ．3000个D ．2000个2．如图所示，四边形ABCD 是正方形，,M N 分别BC ，DC 的中点，若,,AB AM AN λμλμ=+∈R，则2λμ-的值为（ ）A ．43B ．52C ．23-D ．1033．已知n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和，4920224a a a ++=，则20S =（ ）A ．60B ．120C ．180D ．2404．设,αβ是两个不同的平面，,m n 是两条不同的直线，下列命题为假命题的是（ ）A ．若,m m n α⊥⊥，则n α或n ⊂αB ．若,,⊥⊥⊥m n αβαβ，则m n⊥C ．若,,m l n αββγαγ⋂=⋂=⋂=，且n β，则//l m D ．若,,m n m n αβ⊥⊂⊂，则αβ⊥5．第19届亚运会于2023年9月28日至10月8日在杭州举行，本届亚运会的吉祥物是一组名为“江南忆”的机器人：“琮琮”“莲莲”和“宸宸”，分别代表世界遗产良渚古城遗址、西湖和京杭大运河．某同学买了6个不同的吉祥物，其中“琮琮”“莲莲”和“宸宸”各2个，现将这6个吉祥物排成一排，且名称相同的两个吉祥物相邻，则排法种数共为（ ）A ．48B ．24C ．12D ．66．已知函数1()e 2x f x x a x ⎛⎫=-+ ⎪⎝⎭恰有2个不同的零点，则实数a 的取值范围为（ ）A ．1,e e ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭B ．(4e,)⎛∞ ⎝UC ．2e ⎫⎪⎭D ．(2e,)⎛∞ ⎝U 7．我们把平面内与直线垂直的非零向量称为直线的法向量，在平面直角坐标系中，过点()3,4A -的直线l 的一个法向量为()1,2-，则直线l 的点法式方程为：()()()13240x y ⨯++-⨯-=，化简得2110x y -+=.类比以上做法，在空间直角坐标系中，经过点()1,2,3M 的平面的一个法向量为()1,4,2m =-，则该平面的方程为（ ）A ．4210x y z -++=B ．4210x y z --+=C ．4210x y z +-+=D ．4210x y z +--=8．已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>的左，右焦点分别为12,F F ，过1F 的直线与双曲线C 分别在第一、二象限交于,A B 两点，2ABF △内切圆的半径为r ，若1||2BF a =，r =，则双曲线C 的离心率为（ ）A B C D二、选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分．在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分．9．已知函数()()sin 0,0,22f x A x A ππωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>>-<< ⎪⎝⎭的部分图象如图所示，则（ ）A ．()f x 的最小正周期为πB ．当π0,2⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦x 时，()f x 的值域为11,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦C ．将函数()f x 的图象向右平移π6个单位长度可得函数()sin 2g x x =的图象D ．将函数()f x 的图象上所有点的横坐标伸长为原来的2倍，纵坐标不变，得到的函数图象关于点5π,06⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭对称10．已知12,z z 是两个虚数，则下列结论中正确的是（ ）A ．若12z z =，则12z z +与12z z 均为实数B ．若12z z +与12z z 均为实数，则12z z =C ．若12,z z 均为纯虚数，则12z z 为实数D ．若12z z 为实数，则12,z z 均为纯虚数11．已知函数()y f x =在R 上可导且(0)2f =-，其导函数()f x '满足：22()21()e xf x f x x -=-'，则下列结论正确的是（ ）A ．函数()f x 有且仅有两个零点B ．函数2()()2e g x f x =+有且仅有三个零点C ．当02x ≤≤时，不等式4()3e (2)f x x ≥-恒成立D ．()f x 在[1,2]上的值域为22e ,0⎡⎤-⎣⎦第II 卷（非选择题）三、填空题：本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分．12．已知集合{}{}2,0,2,4,3A B x x m =-=-≤，若A B A = ，则m 的最小值为．13．已知M ，N 是抛物线()2:20C x py p =>上两点，焦点为F ，抛物线上一点(),1P t 到焦点F 的距离为32，下列说法正确的是 ．（把所有正确结论的编号都填上）①1p =；②若OM ON ⊥，则直线MN 恒过定点()0,1；③若MOF △的外接圆与抛物线C 的准线相切，则该圆的半径为12；④若2MF FN = ，则直线MN 的斜率为14．如图，在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -，中，M ，N 分别为线段11A D ，1BC 上的动点.给出下列四个结论:①存在点M ，存在点N ，满足MN ∥平面11ABB A ；②任意点M ，存在点N ，满足MN ∥平面11ABB A ；③任意点M ，存在点N ，满足1MN BC ⊥；④任意点N ，存在点M ，满足1MN BC ⊥.其中所有正确结论的序号是.四、解答题：本题共5小题，共77分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．15．（13分）已知函数31()ln 222f x ax x x x=--+.(1)当1a =时，求()f x 的单调区间；(2)对[1,)x ∀∈+∞，()0f x ≥恒成立，求a 的取值范围.16．（15分）我国老龄化时代已经到来，老龄人口比例越来越大，出现很多社会问题．2015年10月，中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第五次全体会议公报指出：坚持计划生育基本国策，积极开展应对人口老龄化行动，实施全面二孩政策．随着国家二孩政策的全面放开，为了调查一线城市和非一线城市的二孩生育意愿，某机构用简单随机抽样方法从不同地区调查了100位育龄妇女，结果如下表．非一线一线总计愿生40y 60不愿生x 2240总计5842100(1)求x 和y 的值．(2)分析调查数据，是否有95%以上的把握认为“生育意愿与城市级别有关”？(3)在以上二孩生育意愿中按分层抽样的方法，抽取6名育龄妇女，再选取两名参加育儿知识讲座，求至少有一名来自一线城市的概率．参考公式：22()()()()()n ad bc a b c d a c b d χ-=++++，()2P k χ≥0.0500.0100.001k3.8416.63510.82817．（15分）在直角梯形ABCD 中，//AD BC ，22BC AD AB ===90ABC ∠=︒，如图（1）．把ABD△沿BD 翻折，使得平面ABD ⊥平面BCD ．(1)求证：CD AB ⊥；(2)在线段BC 上是否存在点N ，使得AN 与平面ACD 所成角为60°？若存在，求出BNBC的值；若不存在，说明理由．18．（17分）已知椭圆22:143x y C +=的左右焦点分别为12,F F ，点()00,P x y 为椭圆C 上异于顶点的一动点，12F PF ∠的角平分线分别交x 轴、y 轴于点M N 、．(1)若012x =，求1PF ；(2)求证：PMPN为定值；(3)当1F N P 面积取到最大值时，求点P 的横坐标0x ．19．（17分）已知数列12:,,,n A a a a L 为有穷正整数数列.若数列A 满足如下两个性质，则称数列A 为m 的k减数列：①12n a a a m +++= ；②对于1i j n ≤<≤，使得i j a a >的正整数对(,)i j 有k 个.(1)写出所有4的1减数列；(2)若存在m的6减数列，证明：6m ；(3)若存在2024的k减数列，求k的最大值.绝密★启用前2024年高考考前信息必刷卷（新高考新题型）01数 学（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）全国新高考卷的题型会有所调整，考试题型为8（单选题）＋3（多选题）＋3（填空题）＋5（解答题），其中最后一道试题是新高考地区新增加的题型，主要涉及整除与算术基本定理、同余与著名数论定理、高阶等差数列与线性递推数列、函数迭代与数列不动点、函数方程、多项式理论与代数基本定理、常用不等式、矩阵与变换、极点极线与射影几何、曲线系模块，以解答题的方式进行考查。
苏教版四年级数学上册新题型专项训练一、填空。
(每空3 分，共21 分)1．往返于青岛、济南的某列火车，途经3 个站点，火车站共需准备( )种车票。
2．李叔叔从某城市乘火车去北京用了12 小时，火车每小时行驶145千米，根据下面的竖式填空。
3．把一张圆形纸对折两次后，沿折痕剪开，得到的四个角的和是( )°。
二、选择。
(每小题5 分，共15 分)1．【新情境】C919 大型客机是中国首款按照最新国际适航标准、具有自主知识产权的干线民用飞机，最大载客量为190座。
飞机标志中，用一副三角尺可以画出的角是( )。
A．∠1B．∠2C．∠32．李阿姨带了800元钱去买巧克力，每盒巧克力30 元，可以买多少盒？还剩多少元？下面用竖式计算的过程中，虚线框内的部分表示买( )盒巧克力用去的钱。
A．2B．6C．20D．263．下面的说法中，正确的有( )个。
①小明做抛硬币游戏，前3次中，有2 次正面朝上，1 次反面朝上，那么他第 4 次抛这枚硬币，正面朝上的可能性大。
②有 6 包货物，平均每包货物重25 千克，但其中有一包货物重30 千克，一包货物却只有18 千克。
③在同一平面内，直线a 与直线b 互相平行，直线c 与直线b互相垂直，那么直线a与直线c 互相垂直。
④观察一个长方体纸箱，一次最多能看到4 个面。
A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4三、操作题。
(15 分)从点M起，向不同的方向画射线，并填一填。
画两条射线，有( )个角，再画一条射线，增加了( )个角，再画一条射线，又增加了( )个角，现在共有( )个角。
四、解决问题。
(共49 分)1．一辆货车上午8:00 从收费站入口驶入高速公路，途中在服务区休息了10 分钟，共行驶了366千米后，从收费站出口驶出高速公路。
这辆货车是在当天中午12:00之前到达收费站出口的吗？( 圆圈内数的单位：千米/时) (14 分)2．有280 人外出游玩。
(1)如果全部乘大客车，可以坐满几辆大客车？(10 分)(2)如果全部乘小客车，至少需要几辆小客车？(10 分)3．【说理题】市民乘坐地铁的支付方式在这几年发生了很大的变化。
冀教版五年级数学下册4.新题型一、填空。
（每空4分，共20分） 1.35 ＞0.，里最大填数字（ ）；10＞0.4，里最小填数字（ ）。
2.一个无水的观赏玻璃鱼缸中放着一块高为30厘米，体积为3000立方厘米的假山石。
如果水管以每分钟7立方分米的流量向鱼缸中注水，至少需要（ ）分钟才能使假山石完全浸没在水中。
3.精致坚硬的贝壳总是受到人们的喜爱。
红红在沙滩上捡到一些贝壳，她发现：4个4个地数，最后多1个；5个5个地数，最后多2个；6个6个地数，最后多3个，那么红红至少捡了（ ）个贝壳。
4.垃圾分类就是新时尚。
最近，莎莎居住的小区单元楼下放置了4个分类垃圾桶，如果把这四个垃圾桶摆成一排，其中“可回收物”不能摆在最右边，这样的摆法一共有（ ）种。
二、选择。
（每小题5分，共30分）1.实验小学三年级有学生240人，其中外地打工子女的人数是三年级学生人数的18，是全校学生总人数的150，实验小学一共有学生（ ）。
A.1500人 B.1050人 C.1005人 D.5100人2.8+a 15是最简真分数，则自然数a 的取值有（ ）个。
A.6B.5C.4D.33.下列展开图中，（ ）不可能是如图所示正方体的展开图。
ABCD4.两个自然数都是两位数，它们的最大公因数是6，最小公倍数是90，这两个数的和是（ ）。
A.48B.60C.96D.1205.下列线段图可列式为60×(1+13)的是（ ）。
A.B.C.D.6.某种计算机病毒会“吃掉”硬盘空间。
第一天“吃掉”某个硬盘空间的15，第二天“吃掉”余下硬盘空间的12，此时这个硬盘还剩下16G （G 是硬盘容量单位）的空间。
这个硬盘本来有（ ）G 的空间。
A.20B.30C.40D.50三、脱式计算，能简算的要简算。
（20分） 713×72＋58÷137 715×617×528×1712023×2022＋12023 78×139＋139÷8 四、解决问题。
第一部分积累与运用情境练4主题10 以和为贵（对接教材：八下第六单元综合性学习）班级开展“以和为贵”学习活动，小雨和小雯特邀你参与。
1.(2分)请帮小雨找出下面语段中加点字注音有误的一项 ( )中华文明历史悠久、经历坎坷．、传承完整、内涵．丰富，一大核心理念就是“和”。
“和”文化所蕴．含的天人合一宇宙观、协和万邦国际观、和而不同社会观、人心喜善道德观以及“以和为贵”“和而不同”等理念深深镌．刻在中国人的精神中、深深体现在中国人的行为上。
A.坎坷．(kě)B.内涵．(hán)C.蕴．(yùn)含D.镌．(juàn)刻1.(2分)D 【解析】D项中“镌刻”的“镌”应读作“juān”。
2.(2分)小雯在活动中对“和而不同”的思想很感兴趣，于是他围绕“同”字探究字形中的“和而不同”，请你帮他分别为“同”字加上偏旁组成新的汉字，填入相应方框内。
A.隧B.梧树C.墙铁壁D.手电2.(2分)A.洞B．桐C．铜D．筒3.(2分)为了让同学们深入理解“和”文化，老师拟写了对联的上联，请同学拟写下联，下面是小雨同学拟写的下联，请你选出最合适的一项( )上联：知书达理和为贵A.富贵平安福满堂B.温文尔雅礼当先C.以和为贵万事顺3.(2分)B 【解析】A项与“和”文化这一主题不符，C项开头为“以和为贵”，与上联的结尾“和为贵”语义重复，且不符合仄起平收的要求。
4.(3分)下面是小雨拟写的活动计划，你发现其中有三处用词不当，请你找出来并改正。
4.(3分)①活动一的设计意图中“感应”用词不当，可改为“感悟”。
②活动二的设计意图中“赏识”用词不当，可改为“欣赏”。
③活动三的设计意图中“演变”用词不当，可改为“演绎”。
【解析】“感应”指因受外界影响而引起相应的感情或动作等，此处用来表示感触并领悟“和”文化的具体表现，用词不当，可改为“感悟”。
“赏识”指认识到别人的才能或作品的价值而予以重视或赞扬(多用于上对下)，此处用来表示享受朗诵表演，用词不当，可改为“欣赏”。
语言运用训练新题型一：用语得体［考情分析］语言表达得体题是2018 年中考新增题型,重点考查的是运用日常用语进行交际的能力,特别是谦辞、敬辞、雅辞的运用. 题型是四选一的选择题。
[技法点拨］解答用语得体题把握“4 点"。
1．看对象即从对象的年龄、职业、思想、性格等不同特点出发，说恰当的话。
2．分场合场合包括时间、地点、话题，有关对象的身份、职业、地位、教养、性格,以及对象之间的关系等。
3．明谦敬（1 ）对别人称自己的长辈和年长的平辈时用“家”. 如家严(父)、家慈（母)、家兄等。
（2)对别人称比自己辈分低或年纪小的亲属时用“舍”。
如舍侄、舍弟、舍妹等。
(3）用“小”“犬”“拙”“浅”“鄙"“寒”“愚"等字表谦辞。
如小女、犬子、拙见、拙作、浅见、鄙人、鄙见、寒舍、愚见、愚兄等。
（4)用“贵"“大”“尊”“贤”“拜”“赐”等表敬辞. 如贵庚、贵校、贵公司、大作、尊姓、贤弟、拜托、赐教等。
（5)称呼对方的亲属或有关系的人时用“令”。
如令尊、令堂、令郎、令爱、令亲等。
4．讲语体语体有口头语体和书面语体两种。
不同的语体，往往会运用不同的语言材料，适应各自不同的语境和交际需要，形成各自不同的语言特点。
在运用语言交际时,要依据具体情况把握其或直白、或委婉、或严肃、或幽默、或讽刺的语言风格.1.下列语境中，用语不得体的一项是（）(3 分)教育界泰斗余老今天光临我校，校长亲自到校门口恭迎。
余老在大礼堂为全校师生作了学术报告.校长听完报告，很高兴地进行总结发言：“余老的讲座很全面，很透彻，真算得上是抛砖引玉！下面我来补充几点,权当狗尾续貂。
” A.光临B。
恭迎 C.抛砖引玉 D.狗尾续貂2。
下面的语境中,用语不得体的一项是（）（3分）学校举行书法展示活动，同学们邀请你当场挥毫，你推让不过，说:“好吧，那我只好献丑了。
”作品完成后，你谦虚地对大家说：“写得不好，见笑了!”组织活动的老师奖给你一件礼物,你对老师说：“谢谢老师，这礼物我就笑纳了”。
第一章有理数能力提升卷班级___________ 姓名___________ 学号____________ 分数____________（考试时间：60分钟试卷满分：100分）第Ⅰ卷（选择题共30分）一、选择题：本题共10个小题，每小题3分，共30分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.规定10吨记为0吨，11吨记为+1吨，则下列说法错误的是()A. 8吨记为−8吨B. 15吨记为+5吨C. 6吨记为−4吨D. +3吨表示重量为13吨答案:A解析：A、10−8=2(吨)所以8吨记为−2吨，而不是−8吨，故A说法错误；B、15−10=5(吨)，所以15吨记为+5吨说法正确；C、10−6=4(吨)，所以−4吨表示重量为6吨说法正确；D、13−10=3(吨)，所以+3吨表示重量为13吨说法正确；故选：A．2.如图所示，若点A是数a在数轴上对应的点，则关于a，−a，1的大小关系表示正确的是()A. a<1<−aB. a<−a<1C. 1<−a<aD. −a<a<1答案:A解析：∵实数a在数轴上原点的左边．∴a<0，但|a|>1，−a>1，则有a<1<−a．故选A．3.数轴上点A表示的数是−3，将点A在数轴上平移7个单位长度得到点a.则点B表示的数是()A. 4B. −4或10C. −10D. 4或−10答案：D解析：点A表示的数是−3，左移7个单位，得−3−7=−10，点A表示的数是−3，右移7个单位，得−3+7=4．所以点B表示的数是4或−10．故选：D．4.若|a−1|=1−a，则a的取值范围为()A. a≥1B. a≤1C. a>1D. a<1答案:B解析：∵|a−1|=1−a，1−a=−(a−1)，即|a−1|=−(a−1)，所以a−1≤0，a≤1.故选B．5.我国自主研发的“北斗系统”现已广泛应用于国防、生产和生活等各个领域，多项技术处于国际领先地位，其星载原子钟的精度，已经提升到了每3000000年误差1秒．数3000000用科学记数法表示为()A. 0.3×106B. 3×107C. 3×106D. 30×105答案:C解析：3000000=3×106，故选：C．6.若|a|=3，|a|=4，且aa>0，则式子a+a的值是()A. 7B. 1C. 1或−1D. 7或−7答案:D解析：∵|a|=3，|a|=4，∴a=±3，a=±4，∵aa>0，∴当a=3时，a=4，则a+a=7，当a=−3时，a=−4，则a+a=−7．综上所述，a+a的值是7或−7；故选：D7.计算1357×316最简便的方法是()A. (13+57)×316B. (14−27)×316C. (10+357)×316D. (16−227)×316答案:D解析：1357×316=(16−227)×316．故选D．8.计算(−2)11+(−2)10的值是()A. −2B. (−2)21C. 0D. −210答案:D解析：原式=(−2)10×(−2+1)=(−2)10×(−1)=−210．故选D．9.若aa≠0，则|a|a +|a|a的值不可能是()A. 0B. 1C. 2D. −2答案:B解析：当a>0，a>0时，原式=1+1=2；当a>0，a<0时，原式=1−1=0；当a<0，a>0时，原式=−1+1=0；当a<0，a<0时，原式=−1−1=−2，综上，原式的值不可能为1．故选B．10.按如图所示的程序计算，若a1=a，则a2020的结果为()A. aB. 1−aC. 11−a D.−a1−a答案:D解析：由题意知，a1=a，a=1时，a2=1−a1=1−a，a=2时，a3=1a2=11−a，a=3时，a4=1−a3=1−11−a =−a1−a，a=4时，a5=1a4=1−1a，a=5时，a6=1−a5=1−(1−1a )=1a，a=6时，a7=1a6=a；……发现规律：每6个结果为一个循环，所以2020÷6=336…4，所以a2020=a4=−a1−a，故选：D．第II卷（非选择题共70分）二、填空题（共20分）11.点A，B在数轴的位置如图所示，其对应的数分别是a和b，对于以下结论：①a−a<0②|a|<|a|③a+a>0④aa>0，其中正确是______．答案:②③解析：根据图示，可得−3<a<0，a>3，则①a−a>0，原来的说法错误；②|a|<|a|正确；③a+a>0正确；④aa<0，原来的说法错误．故答案为：②③．12.数轴上A点表示−3，B、C两点表示的数互为相反数，且点B到点A的距离是2，则点C 表示的数应该是________．答案:1或5解析：∵点B到点A的距离是2，∴点B表示的数为−1或−5，∵a、C两点表示的数互为相反数，∴点C表示的数应该是1或5．故答案为1或5．13.若有理数a，b满足|a−6|+(a−15)2=0，则aa=______．答案:90解析：∵a，b满足|a−6|+(a−15)2=0，∴a−6=0，a−15=0，解得a=6，a=15，∴aa=6×15=90．故答案为：90．14.某市今年参加中考的学生人数大约9.89×104人，这个近似数精确到_______位．答案:百解析：9.89×104=98900，所以有3个有效数字：9、8、9，精确到百位．故答案为百．15.如图，按图中的程序进行计算，如果输入的数是−2，那么输出的数是________．答案:−50解析：−2×(−5)=10，10×(−5)=−50.故答案为−50三、解答题（共50分）16.（8分）计算①．25×34−(−25)×12+25×(−14)；②.−22+[18−(−3)×2]÷4．③.(−12556)÷(−5)；④.−22−(−8)÷(−2)3−(−2)×(−4)．答案及解析：①.25×34−(−25)×12+25×(−14)=25×(34+12−14)=25×1=25；②.−22+[18−(−3)×2]÷4=−4+(18+6)÷4=−4+24÷4=−4+6 =2．③.(−12556)÷(−5)=2516；④.−22−(−8)÷(−2)3−(−2)×(−4)=−4−(−8)÷(−8)−8=−4+1−8=−11．17. （8分）一辆货车从百货大楼出发送货，向东行驶4千米到达小明家，继续向东行驶1.5千米到达小红家，然后向西行驶8.5千米到达小刚家，最后返回百货大楼．(1)以百货大楼为原点，向东为正方向，1个单位长度表示1千米，请你在数轴上标出小明、小红、小刚家的位置．(小明家用点A表示，小红家用点B表示，小刚家用点C表示) (2)小明家与小刚家相距多远？答案及解析：(1)如图所示：(2)小明家与小刚家相距：4−(−3)=7(千米)．答：小明家与小刚家相距7千米远．18.（8分）已知a与−3互为相反数，b与−12互为倒数．(1)a=______；a=______．(2)已知|a−a|+(a+a)2=0，求a a．答案解析：(1)∵−3与3互为相反数，∴3是−3的相反数，∵−12×(−2)=1，∴−2与−12互为倒数．故答案为：3，−2；(2)由题意得，|a−3|+(−2+a)2=0，∴a=3，a=2，∴a a=23=8，19.（8分(1)已知a>a>0>a，化简|a−a|+|a+a|−|a−a|+|a−a|．(2)若|a|=21，|a|=27，且|a+a|=a+a，求a−a的值．答案及解析：(1)|a−a|+|a+a|−|a−a|+|a−a|=(a−a)+(a+a)−[−(a−a)]+(a−a)=a−a+a+a+a−a+a−a=a+a．(2)：∵|a|=21，|a|=27，∴a=±21，a=±27，∵|a+a|=a+a，∴a+a≥0，∴①a=21，a=27，则a−a=21−27=−6；②a=−21，a=27，则a−a=−21−27=−48．综上，a−a的值为−6或−48．20.（8分）轮胎的直径是否符合标准，是判断轮胎质量的好与差的重要依据之一．东风轮胎厂某批轮胎的标准直径是600mm，质量检验员从这批产品中抽取10个轮胎进行检查，超过标准直径的毫米数记为正，不足的毫米数记为负，检查记录如下(单位：aa)：(1)若与标准直径比较相差不超过5mm的为合格品，请用所学的数学知识说明第几号轮胎不合格？不合格轮胎的实际直径是多少毫米？(2)若与标准直径比较相差不超过5mm的为合格品，请根据抽查的结果估算一下这批轮胎的合格率大约是多少？(3)求这10个轮胎的平均直径(精确到1aa)答案及解析：(1)∵|−6|=6>5，|+8|=8>5，∴第8号和第10号轮胎不合格；第8号轮胎的实际直径是：600−6=594aa，第10号轮胎的实际直径是：600+8=608aa；(2)810×100%=80%答：批轮胎的合格率大约是80%；(3)(+5−2+2+0−3−4+3−6+3+8)÷10+600=6÷10+600=600.6≈601aa．答：这10个轮胎的平均直径约为601mm21.（10分）如图，在数轴上A点表示数a，B点表示数b，且a、b满足|a+12|+(a−6)2=0．(1)求A、B两点之间的距离；(2)点C、D在线段AB上，AC为14个单位长度，BD为8个单位长度，求线段CD的长；(3)在(2)的条件下，动点P以3个单位长度/秒的速度从A点出发沿正方向运动，同时点Q 以2个单位长度/秒的速度从D点出发沿正方向运动，求经过几秒，点P、点Q到点C的距离相等．答案及解析：(1)∵|a+12|+(a−6)2=0．∴a+12=0，a−6=0，即：a=−12，a=6；∴aa=6−(−12)=18；(2)点C、D在线段AB上，∵aa=18，aa=14，aa=8，∴aa=18−14=4，aa=aa−aa=8−4=4；(3)设经过t秒，点P、Q到点C的距离相等，aa=aa−aa=18−8=10，aa=3a，aa=2a，①当点P、Q重合时，aa−aa=aa，即：3a−2a=10，解得，a=10，②当点C是PQ的中点时，有aa=aa，即，aa−aa=aa−aa，14−3a=2a−4，解得，a=185，答：经过185或10秒，点P、点Q到点C的距离相等．第二章正式的加减能力提升卷班级___________ 姓名___________ 学号____________ 分数____________（考试时间：60分钟试卷满分：100分）第Ⅰ卷（选择题共30分）一、选择题：本题共10个小题，每小题3分，共30分。
人教版四年级数学上册4．新题型一、我会选。
(每小题3分，共15分)1．福州西湖公园是福州保留最完整的一座古典园林，总面积约45( )。
A．千米B．平方米C．公顷D．平方千米2．一个平行四边形剪成两部分，一部分是梯形，另一部分是( )。
A．梯形B．平行四边形C．三角形D．梯形或三角形3．如图，有( )个平行四边形。
A．6 B．8C．9 D．104．□÷25＝60……□，余数最大时，被除数是( )。
A．1524 B．1501C．1526 D．1506 5．王伯伯的果园里共收香蕉626千克，______，最多能装满多少箱？横线上应增加的信息是( )。
A．每千克8元B．每箱装28千克C．运走了400千克D．先卖了12箱二、我会填。
(每空4分，共20分)1．一辆洒水车，每分钟行驶500米，洒水的宽度是10米，每分钟洒过的面积是( )平方米，行驶40分钟洒过的面积是( )公顷。
2．荣老师1分钟打字98个，这个速度可以写成( )，他半小时打字( )个。
3．五一假期，同同一家自驾车去黄山旅行。
他们8：30 从家出发，汽车的速度是60千米/时，他们( )能到达黄山。
三、我会算。
(共16分)1．根据“6000 < 208×□□<8000”，编写两道乘法算式，写出你编写算式的思考过程，再计算验证。
(8分)2．简算2400÷25，可以怎样算？请至少用两种不同的方法进行简算。
(8分)四、我会画。
(共13分)1．画一个底角是50°的等腰梯形。
(7分)2．在下面的平行线之间画一个有一条边的长是1厘米的平行四边形。
(6分)五、我会用。
(共36分)1．一块长方形土地的长减少2千米，就成了一个正方形，这样面积减少了8平方千米，原来这块长方形土地的面积是多少公顷？(9分)2．长汀豆腐干是福建省龙岩市长汀县的特色美食，某电商销售信息：李叔叔购买100包这样的豆腐干，他准备支付450元，够吗？(9分)3．有280人外出游玩(1)如果乘大客车，可以坐满几辆大客车？(9分)(2)如果全部乘小客车，至少需要几辆小客车？(9分)答案一、1．C2．D3．C4．A 【提示】根据余数比除数小，可知余数最大是24，再根据被除数＝商×除数＋余数来计算。
一根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier（收银台）in her general store． 1 I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you．”At first I was paid in candy． 2 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a．m．to 7 p．m．My father helped me set up a bank account． 3By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics（化妆品）．I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye．Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear?”I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup（化妆）ideas．4The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a Rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener．_ 5__ expect they are NO longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed．A．Later I received 50 cents an hour．B．Before long , she let me sir there by myself．C．I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics．D．Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers．E．My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility．F．Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before．G．Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought．二短文填词People often don’ t do what they really want to for fear of failure. You don't apply for a job 1. case you don't get it. You don't perform at the school concert 2.b others might laugh at you. A lack of confidence can 3.1 to a lot of suffering. The key to 4. （overcome）this problem is to believe in yourself. This might be 5. (容易)said than done, but there are many 6. w to help you do this. Talk about your problem with a friend or look 7. advice on the Internet. Imagine yourself being 8. (success）and practice breathing techniques to keep you calm when you get nervous. And the 9. important thing is ：believe you can do it. When you’ve 10. (学会）to do that, you are well on your way.三文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。
错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：缺词处加上一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Christine was just a girl in my class．I never knew much about her except for that she was strong．She didn’t talk many．Her hair was black and purple, and she worn black sports shoes and a black sweater, although in summer．She was, in fact, rather attractively, and she never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her, like the rest of my classmate．I didn’t really want to get closest to her．It was only when we did their chemistry project together that I begin to understand why Christine dressed the way she did．一根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
I am on holiday here in Switzerland with my parents and I am having a fantastic time. 1It is the first time I have ever been to the mountains and I love it. 2 . My father isn’t very happy though. He isn’t allowed to smoke in the hotel so he has to go outside!We have been on lots of walks in the mountains but we always go with a guide. 3 . You can easily get lost—it’s so remote.Yesterday we went for a boat trip around the lake but we had to come home early. 4 . It was fun but a bit frightening.5 The worst thi ng is that I can’t go out at night. Not because my parents won’t let me but because there’s nowhere to go.A. It’s safe to go out aloneB. You don’t have to go with a guide but it’s safer.C. It started to rain heavily and we couldn’t even see the shore.D. It’s also the first time I’ve ever stayed in a hotel and I really like itE. It’s the second time I’ve been to SwitzerlandF. We’re staying in a hotel near a lake and I can see snowy mountain peaks from my bedroom windowG. The best thing of all is the beautiful scenery.二阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2)首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上。
所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。
Dear editor,I am Evan from Canada. Being the eldest child in the family has its disadvantages. First of all, I have to share all my 1.______ (toy) with my younger sisters. Of course, they don’t 2.n to return the favor because I’m total ly uninterested in their things. 3. _______（除……之外）that, they are always hanging around me. I just can’t get a moment’s 4. _________(安宁).At meals, I have to eat whatever is 5._________the plate regardless of the taste. My sisters only try one bite if it’s not 6.________favorite food. In addition, 7.w______ it comes to practicing our musical instruments, I have to practice 8.______ than double the time. Worst of all, I get a larger quantity of homework, 9.__________(compare)to them.I’m feeling rather annoyed. Can you please 10.g________ me some advice?Yours trulyEvan Smith三文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。
