美国文学-The Triumph of the Egg

第13卷第2期安徽理工大学学报（社会科学版）Vol．13No．22011年6月Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology （Social Science ）Jun．2011扭曲的现实真实的人生———论舍伍德·安德森的《鸡蛋的胜利》的叙事特色罗璐1，2（1．华中师范大学外国语学院，武汉430079；2．淮南职业技术学院基础部，安徽淮南232001）摘要：舍伍德·安德森是美国现代文学史上具有引导意义的大师级人物。

其作品鲜明的特色和深刻的主题给后世的美国作家们以深远的影响。

《鸡蛋的胜利》即为其非常重要的代表作之一。

小说中叙事特色尤其值得后人研究。

从叙事结构，叙事者及叙事话语三个方面对这篇小说的写作特点加以分析与评论。

关键词：舍伍德·安德森；叙事结构；叙事者；叙事话语中图分类号：I106．4文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-1101（2011）02-0081-03收稿日期：2011-04-07作者简介：罗璐（1983－），女，安徽淮南人，助教，在读硕士，研究方向：英语语言文学。

True life in distorted reality———on the narrative features in Sherwood Anderson ’s The Triumph of the EggLUO Lu 1，2（1．School of Foreign Languages ，Central China Normal University ，Wuhan 430079，China ；2．The Basis of Ministry ，Huainan Voca-tional and Technical College ，Huainan ，Anhui 232001，China ）Abstract ：As a master of guiding significance in the history of modern American literature ，Sherwood Anderson is characterized by the distinct features of his works and the profundity of their themes ，which exerts a far －reac-hing influence on subsequent American writers．The Triumph of the Egg is one of his crucial masterpieces ，the narrative features of which are especially worth exploring by the successors．This paper analyzes and comments on the writing features of this short story from three aspects of narrative structure ，the narrator and narrative dis-course．Key words ：Sherwood Anderson ；narrative structure ；narrator ；narrative discourse在美国现代文学的历史上，舍伍德·安德森（Sherwood Anderson ）无疑起到了现代小说的导师和先驱者的作用，他鲜明的文风和对美国社会现实的深刻描写及讽刺深深的影响了一代又一代美国作家。

the egg情节分析4个方面【关键词】鸡蛋；象征；美国梦【Abstract】Sherwood Anderson was a short story writer in 1920s.In the short story The Egg from the collection The Triumph of theEgg，Anderson told that one family's fortune related with the egg.In the short story，the egg is the most important symbol.It represented the American dream.But for each character，the dream is different，and the egg has its different understanding.【Key words】egg，symbol，American dream Introduction of The Egg Sherwood Anderson（1876--1941）was an American novelist，short story writer，playwright，essayist，and newspaper editor.He was born in Camden，Ohio.The Egg tells a story about the process of“my”father's twice failure in business.“My"father was nature to be a cheerful man.Afte r marring“my"mother，he gaveup his place as a farm-hand and started raising chicken encouraged by "my"mother for "my"bright future. However, the chicken always got diseases. So taking "my"mother's advice, he gave up chicken raising and moved into a town of Bidwell and embarkedin the restaurant business."My"father tried his best to run the restaurant but it didn't work. Out of desperation,"my"father determined to entertain a guest by using the egg as prop. But the failure came again, and he lost patience and confidence to the core.I. Symbol of "the egg"Sherwood Anderson lived in Midwestern America at the end of the nineteenth century and belonged to those who had watched how people pursued their American Dream and got disappointed before the First World War. American dream implies an opportunity for Americans toachieve prosperity through hard work. According to The Dream, this includes the opportunity for one's children to grow up and receive a good education. It is the opportunity to make individual choices without the prior restrictions that limited people according totheir class, religion or ethnicity. As the most important symbol, the egg assumes association beyond those of the culinary."The egg"is always related with the narrator's family especially his father, but in each period it represents different symbolic meanings.。

一．殖民地时期（约1607-1765）（清教主义思想）Tips：1.1607年约翰史密斯船长带领第一批移民在北美大陆建立第一个英国殖民地。

当时宗教领袖和殖民地区领导人如布雷福德（William Bradford,1590-1657）等人的书籍多半关于讲经布道等有关神学的材料或日记。

有些介绍新大陆的风景和日常生活2. 史密斯船长（Captain John Smith）为英国在北美建立第一个殖民地起重要作用3. 安妮布雷特兹里特（Anne Bradstreet）------第十个缪斯，北美第一位女诗人二．启蒙时期和独立战争时期（1765-18世界末）1. 启蒙运动代表人物：富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）.Self bused /天助自助者。

他著作有《格言历书》（poor Richard’s Almance）,他的《自传》（autobiography）开启了传记文学先河。

富兰克林还是American dream 的代言人。

2. Thomas Paine著有《常识》commen sense 和American crisis三．浪漫主义时期（1800-1865）1. 早期浪漫主义作家：欧文（Washington Irving）和库柏（James Fenimore Cooper）2. 欧文著有：the sketch book,开创美国短篇小说传统。

《睡谷传说》the legend of sleeping hollow 和Rip Van Winkle3. 库柏主要写长篇小说：历史小说historical、冒险小说adventure、边疆小说frontier ，边疆小说有《皮袜子故事》the leather stocking tales4. 布莱恩特Bryant : 《致水鸟》to a waterfowl、《黄色的堇香花》the yellow violet5: 超验主义transcendentalism：崇尚直觉，反对理性和权威，强调人有能力凭直觉认识真理6. 爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson是超验主义奠基人，创办杂志《日晷》the dial ，创作有《论自然》the nature 、《论独立》self reliance7. 梭罗（Henry David Thoreau）：瓦尔登湖Walden 、论公民的不服从civil disobedience8. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 朗费罗：海华沙之歌the song of Hiawatha9. Walt Whitman 惠特曼：free verse 自由主义诗诗人，著有O！Captain, my Captain10. Emily Dickinson 狄金森11. 霍桑Nathaniel Hwathorne 不赞成超验主义，他对社会改革、生产发展和科学进步也表示疑虑和不安，反对清教主义对人的压迫12：霍桑：the minister’s black veil、young good man Brown、the Birthmark 、Rappaccini’s Daughter13. 梅尔维尔Herman Melville: 《白鲸》Mobby Dick14. Edgar Allan poe : the Raven 《乌鸦》、the fall of the house of usher、murders in the Rue Morgue、the Purloined letter、the poetic principle、the philosophy of composition15. 斯托夫人：《汤姆叔叔的小屋》Uncle Tom’s Cabin四．现实主义（1865-1918）1. 朱厄特Jewett: 尖从树之乡the country of pointed Firs2. Bret Harte: The lucky of Roaring Camp3. Mark Twain: 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》the man that corrupted Hadleyburd、《跳蛙》the celebratedJumping Frog of Calaveras Country他的作品特点是local colorist / collocual language (本土色彩和口头化)4.詹姆斯James: the portrait of a lady’s/the wings of the dove/the ambassadors/ the golden bowl5. Stephen Crane: 商场描写战争，著作有《红色英勇勋章》the red badge of courage6. Jack London: Martin Eden The call of wild7. Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie An American Tragedy五．现代主义时期(the lost generation)1. Ezra Pound庞德：The Cantos Hugh Selwyn Mauberley2.Eugene O’neill: 《天边外》Beyond the Horizon Emperor Jones The hairy Ape3. Edith Whaton: 《快乐之家》the house of Mirth 《天真时代》the age of innocence4. Lewis刘易斯：《大街》Main Street 《巴比特》Babbit5. Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio6. John Steinbeck : (大萧条时期) the grapes of Wrath7. 哈莱姆文化：表现黑人悲惨生活8. 休斯Langston Hughs : “哈莱姆桂冠诗人”9. Richard Wright: Native Son10. Jack Kerouac: <on the road>11. Joseph Heller: 黑色幽默作家，《第二十二条军规》catch-2212. Ralph Ellison: invisible man13. Alice Walker: the color purple14. Toni Morrison: 1993,诺贝尔文学奖，著song of Solomon15. Saul Bellow: Herzog Anderson the Rain King16: Bernard Malamud: The assistant17. J.D Salinger: Catcher in the Rye麦田守望者18. Allen Ginsberg: Howl19. Tennessee Williams: A streetcar Named Desire / All my sons / Cat on a Hot Tin Roof20. Arthur Miller米勒：《推销员之死》Death of a salesman第二部分：简答题相关简答部分复习（北信科2013）1.Nathaniel Hawthorne-----the scarlet letter(chapter 2)Works: twice-told tales / Mosses from an old manIdeas 思想:作品涉及人物：妻子白兰（Hester Prynne）、丈夫齐里沃斯(Chillingworth)、迪姆斯台尔(Dimmesdale)作品情节：妻子和牧师私通后遭到丈夫的一系列调查和报复，最后妻子被印上了字母“A”，代表着私通“adultery”，随着剧情发展，妻子白兰用正直和善良的品格打动了社会，赢得了承认，字母A也变成了angel和able的代表，牧师胸膛上也印了字母A，这明显是用道貌岸然的外表去掩饰他躲避责任带来的内心痛苦。

《鸡蛋》美国梦幻灭的象征摘要：舍伍德·安德森（sherwood anderson）是20世纪早期美国著名的小说家，在美国文学史上有很重要的地位。

《鸡蛋》（the egg）是舍伍德的著名短篇小说之一，他成功的塑造了“我”的父亲这样的一个屡遭失败和挫折的一个畸人，尤其是他对象征主义创作手法的运用，娴熟的揭示了美国梦幻灭这一主题。

对美国现代小说的发展产生了一定影响。

关键词：安德森象征美国梦纵观美国文学，大家耳熟能详的作家脱口而出的总会有海明威，福克纳等，而舍伍德安德森则仅有多半人熟知。

然而，舍伍德安德森在美国文学史上的重要地位是不可忽视的。

福克纳在1956年接受采访时候说：“舍伍德安德森是我们一代作家之父。

”海明威曾说：“他是我们所有人的老师。

”[1]舍伍德·安德森（sherwood anderson）1876年9月13日出生在美国中西部俄亥俄州，他的成长时期正是美国文学史由现实主义向现代主义转变。

安德森在1919年发表短篇小说《小镇畸人》从而确立了他在美国文坛的地位。

而他与1921年出版的《鸡蛋的胜利》短篇小说集中《鸡蛋》被视为其最好的作品之一。

这篇短篇小说中“蛋”起着关键的作用，有着多重象征意义。

一.鸡蛋象征生活本身性情开朗的父亲听从母亲的建议，放弃农场帮手的工作，开始了一个独立事业养鸡场。

然而，养鸡场运营的并不乐观。

由于长期和母亲以及小鸡打交道，父亲饱受挫折，从一个天性乐观的人变成一个沉默寡言的人。

第一次创业失败后，父亲开餐馆，但却无人问津。

在试图用鸡蛋娱乐客人失败之后，父亲变得这么绝望，以致他在冲动之下打算毁掉所有的鸡蛋。

这就像一个人失败的时候，容易倾向于毁掉导致他失败的所有东西。

但当他来到母亲面前，他身上发生了一些变化。

在母亲的劝诱下，他说出楼下发生的事情。

然后，他把鸡蛋轻轻放在桌子上，在母亲身边哭得像个孩子。

是的，他很想毁掉所有的鸡蛋，他不想再和它们打交道，他不想再在这个世界上痛苦地活着。

英美小说要素解析指导老师：2013.1.1An analysis of “The Egg”"The Egg", taken from "The Triumph of the Egg", one of Sherwood Anderson's well-known short stories, is a humorous fiction about a farmer who became infected with the American passion for "success" and started to pursue wealth and social position.However, he failed though he made several attempt. This paper tries to analyze the use of the egg as a symbol, the point of view and theme.“The egg ”which used throughout the story symbols three different things. First,“the egg” symbols th e American dream of the father. This story is from Sherwood Anderson's "The Triumph of the Egg", which was published in 1920s when America was experiencing a whole nation transformation from agricultural country into industrial country . At that time, almost the entire nation started the dream of gold rush, pursuing fortune. This man who encouraged by his wife after marrying a country schoolteacher got ambitious. After that, he started his journey of American dream. His first venture of chicken raising turned out badly. Although father made his great effort, chickens became sick and died, which meant the disillusionment of his dream. Second, various monstrous chickens symbols fathers’twisted psychological. Father preserved those grotesques in alchohol and place bottles that chickens was put in on a shelfback of the counter. This behavior indicated that father’ American dream became twisted. Third, the egg symbols cruel reality. Chickens come out of eggs, but they probably born malformed and they can get sick. This equals people who run into obstacles, like the father made his attempt but still could not survive misfortune.The point of view of this artical is the narrrator--the son. It is inevitable that a child’s descpription must be more than the fact.As the narrator wrote：“For some explainable reason I know the story as well as though I had been a witness to my father’s discomfiture.”The narrator did not witness what happened actually, he imaged the part he did not know. This also made the story more real like someonewas telling you about his family story face to face. Furthermore, this point of view began shift at this point for the purpose of flexibly showing different thoughts of father and Joe kane to strenthen the effect of this funny, tragic and hopeless story. What’s more,the humor of narrator brings people a feeling of relax. “I,however, digress”,“I exaggerated a little”, these words shorten the distance between the writer and the reader and give readers more space to think themselves. Besides, this helps figure the son character. Furthermore, narrator’s rhythm of the description controls the structure of story. The narrator uses few words to picture his fathers’ first thirty years. While he uses a number of words to picture the night--the climax.Catabolization is a common theme in modern literature.Because of the coming of industrial age, people can not adjust to the great change from agricultural age, which resulted in catabolization of people.This is exactly what sherwood wanted to show through “The egg”. D riven by American dream, the father made his every attempt. However, various difficulties discouraged his determination and confidence. And gradually, the father became psychologically twist, which is what I mentioned above—catabolization. The pursuit for money is not the best choice, it is the combination of mental and physical aspects that contributes to the real success. In addition, the deceit and falsity of American dream is the other theme of this artical. Chicken eats quantities of corn and meal bou ght by the sweat of the father’s brow but gets diseases; restaurant business gets no great success though the couple work hard; father can not achieve customers’ recognition through his performance. This failure of his performance means his failure of American dream, breaking his hope and illusions. All these disclose that it is difficult to get rid of poverty and low status through hard work in the money-mad metropolis.Sherwood Anderson tells people the value of life and the essence of things through this story. It reveals social crisis that people are meeting with. The author also shows his sympathy for them and his sadness for people who only pursuit money while ignore the rich of mental. The abundant symbolic meanings and unique point of view in the story make it among the classics of American short fiction. It deserves readers deep thought and research.。

the egg赏析《鸡蛋的胜利》被认为是安德森的传世佳作之一。

该小说以第一人称的方式通过一个男孩之口，在回忆和联想中讲述了自己和父母的生活事件，从中我们感受到了美国梦对人们的深刻影响以及人情冷漠。

“父亲是怎样异化”的过程可以从内在因素和和外在因素两个主要方面分析。

\"The Triumph of the Egg\" is considered one of Anderson's masterpieces. Through the mouth of a boy in the first person, the novel tells the life events of himself and his parents in memories and associations, from which we feel the profound influence of the American dream on people and the indifference of human feelings. The process of \"how the father is alienated\" can be analyzed from two main aspects: internal factors and external factors.首先，在异化人性的内在因素方面，要探究父亲是怎样从一个正常人而变成一个畸形人需要从探究父亲本身开始。

结婚前父亲是一个简单快乐的人，具有小镇人的淳朴的善良的品性。

父亲从结婚后开始变得雄心勃勃，美国梦占据了他的心。

父亲首先养鸡，但养鸡非常艰难，父亲失败了；“畸形鸡”出现后，父亲心理开始异化，他希望通过展览畸形鸡的方法获取财富；后来父亲又开始努力经营旅馆，通过娱乐于客人的方法而使生意好转：但是最终他失败了。

从一次次的失败可以看出父亲随着鸡的畸形自己也开始变得异化。

the egg 赏析（双语）短篇科幻小说《蛋》，英文The Egg，由美国程序员安迪·威尔（Andy Weir）创作。

这篇关于宇宙意识、生命、死亡和轮回的小说，也被称为哲学寓言、宗教寓言。

但作者是地道的科幻作家，他的另一部作品就是被拍成电影的《火星救援》。

以下为小说《蛋》译文及英文全文。

《蛋》（宇宙之卵）安迪·威尔你在回家的路上，死了。

是车祸。

没有很离奇，但仍然致命。

你留下了妻子和两个孩子。

你死得并不痛苦。

救护员尽力去抢救，但没有成功。

你的身体惨不忍睹，还不如死了，相信我。

这时候，你遇到了我。

“怎……怎么回事？”你问，“这是哪？”“你死了。

”我实话实说，没必要委婉。

“一辆……一辆卡车，它失控了……”“没错。

”我说。

“我……我死了？”“是的。

但别难过，每个人都会死。

”我说。

你环顾四周，一片虚空，只有你和我。

“这是什么地方？”你问，“死后的世界？”“可以这么说吧。

”我说。

“你是上帝？”你问。

“对，”我回答，“我是上帝。

”“我的孩子们……还有我太太……”你说。

“怎么了？”“他们没事吧？”“这一点我喜欢，”我说，“你死了，还关心你的家人，在这里这是好事。

”你困惑地看着我。

对你而言，我看起来并不像神，更像一个普通男人，亦或一个女人。

一个模糊又权威的形象。

也许，比起万能的神，我更像是一位老师。

“别担心，”我说，“他们都会好起来的。

你在孩子们的记忆中会是完美的，他们还没成长到叛逆你的年龄。

你太太会在人前恸哭，但其实内心里却如释重负。

平心而论，你们的婚姻早已破裂了。

她会对自己松一口气的心情感到内疚，对你来说，这或许算是一点安慰。

”“哦，”你说，“那么，现在呢？我是上天堂还是下地狱，或者去别的什么地方？”“都不是，”我说，“你会重新投胎。

”“啊，”你说，“原来轮回转世是真的？”“所有宗教都以不同的方式合理着，”我说，“跟我走吧。

”你跟着我，在虚空中穿行，“我们去哪里？”“不去哪里，”我说，“边走边聊就好。

一、简述“美国梦”每个具有独特文化传统的民族和国家的文学都有着自己独特的主题。

对于美国文学来说，一个经久不息的主旋律就是“美国梦”（ＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＤｒｅａｍ）。

所谓“美国梦”，或曰“美国理想”，是资产阶级制造的神话，是对平等、自由、进取和成功的理想主义信念，是对机会均等、人人都有成功希望和创造奇迹可能性的乐观自信。

这种深潜于美国人意识深处的美丽梦想有着悠久的历史渊源。

美国“迷惘的一代”（ｔｈｅＬｏｓｔＧｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ）的代言人司各特・菲兹杰拉德在他的著名长篇小说《了不起的盖茨比》（１９２５）里说，当荷兰水手眺望着“那新世界一片清新碧绿的地方”时，“美国梦”便诞生了。

人们幻想着在新世界重建伊甸园，创造新的黄金时代。

从此，玫瑰色的“美国梦”便悄然飘入了神圣的文学殿堂，也飘进了千百万人的心中。

一代又一代的美国人读着成功故事，一代又一代的美国人做着成功梦，笃信心中那颗美丽的种子必定会绽放出绚丽的花朵。

正如纳撒尼尔・韦斯特的小说《难圆发财梦》（１９３４）中的惠普尔（漫画式的柯立芝总统）所说：“美国是一片充满机遇的土地。

这个国家特别袒护那些诚实、勤奋的人们，是绝不会让他们失败的。

这不是看法问题，而是信念问题。

如果有一天美国人失去了这种信念，这个国家也就不存在了”。

直至十九世纪中后期，美国文学，特别是以惠特曼为代表的浪漫主义文学及以霍雷肖・阿尔杰为代表的通俗文“美国梦”的追寻与幻灭———安德森的《鸡蛋》主题评析朱亚兰（阿坝师专外语系，四川汶川６２３０００）【摘要】“美国梦”的幻灭是二十世纪美国文学的主题。

舍伍德・安德森最优秀的短篇小说《鸡蛋》就是深刻地表现这一主题的力作。

小说以诙谐的笔调，通过一个孩子的不懂事的眼光向人们展示了美国中西部一个普通家庭的既悲惨又滑稽的处境，从而深刻地揭露了“美国梦”的虚妄及其对年轻一代的毒害。

【关键词】“美国梦”；《鸡蛋》；主题；虚妄；追寻；幻灭【中图分类号】Ｉ１０６．４【文章编号】Ａ【文献标识码】１００８－４１４２（２００６）０５－００８９－０３ＯｎｔｈｅＰｕｒｓｕｉｔａｎｄＤｉｓｉｌｌｕｓｉｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｆ＂ＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＤｒｅａｍｓ＂———ＲｅｖｉｅｗｉｎｇｔｈｅＴｈｅｍｅｏｆＴｈｅＥｇｇｓｂｙＡｎｄｅｒｓｏｎＺＨＵＹａ－ｌａｎ（ＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＬａｎｇｕａｇｅＤｅｐａｒｔ．ｏｆＡｂａＴｅａｃｈｅｒｓＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ，ＷｅｎｃｈｕａｎＳｉｃｈｕａｎ６２３０００，Ｃｈｉｎａ）【Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ】Ｔｈｅｄｉｓｉｌｌｕｓｉｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｆ＂Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｄｒｅａｍｓ＂ｉｓｔｈｅｔｈｅｍｅｉｎｔｈｅ２０ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ．ＴｈｅｓｈｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｙＴｈｅＥｇｇｓｂｙＳｈｅｒｗｏｏｄＡｎｄｅｒｓｏｎｉｓａｍａｓｔｅｒｐｉｅｃｅｉｎｄｉｇｇｉｎｇｉｎｔｏｔｈｉｓｔｈｅｍｅ．Ｗｉｔｈａｊｏｃｏｓｅｔｏｎｅ，ｔｈｉｓｓｈｏｒｔｓｔｏｒｙｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓａｍｉｓｅｒａｂｌｅａｎｄｆｕｎｎｙｐｒｅｄｉｃａｍｅｎｔｏｆａｎｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙｆａｍｉｌｙｉｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＭｉｄｗｅｓｔｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｅｙｅｏｆａｎａｒｔｌｅｓｓｋｉｄ，ａｎｄｈｅｎｃｅｄｉｓｃｌｏｓｅｓｔｈｅｆａｌｌａｃｙｏｆＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｄｒｅａｍｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｙｏｕｎｇｗｉｔｈｇｒｅａｔｐｒｏｆｕｎｄｉｔｙ．【Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ】Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｄｒｅａｍｓ；ｔｈｅＥｇｇｓ；ｔｈｅｍｅ；ｆａｌｌａｃｙ；ｐｕｒｓｕｉｔ；ｄｉｓｉｌｌｕｓｉｏｎｍｅｎｔ【收稿日期】２００６—０５—２９【作者简介】朱亚兰（１９７０－），女，四川内江人，阿坝师专外语系副教授，主要研究方向：美国文学。