法律英语法律术语

法律英语法律术语

1 / 15 1、TWO MAIN LEGAL FAMILIES

Common/English/English-American Law (Legal) System/Family普通法系

- case law system- Anglo-Saxon case-law system- Anglo-American legal system

Continental/Roman/Civil Law (Legal) System/Family大陆法系

- civilian legal system- civil-law system

2、civil law民法、国内法、罗马法、大陆法

3、substantive Law（实体法）VS procedural Law（程序法）

4、case law（案例法） vs. statutory law（成文法）

statutory / written / codified / enacted law制定法、成文法

5、adversary trial system（对抗制） vs. inquisitorial system （纠问制）

6、jury trial system陪审团制度

7、The reports of the United States Supreme Court联邦最高法院判例汇编

The reports of some States州法院判例汇编

8、legal cases法律案例

9、private law and / vs. public law

10、the statutory law continues to be subject to binding interpretation through case law

（其成文法继续适用通过判例法(注：即先例)进行的有约束力的解释）

11、Common law (in narrow sense):

- common general law

- local law

- itinerant judges of the English royal court

- enforcement of a claim

- special form of action: writ

- classical Roman law

- Provisions of Oxford (1258)牛津条例

- “writ upon the case”本案令状

12、enforcement 强制执行；claim 请求；action 诉讼行为；writ 法院令状； recourse 追索权；追索，追偿

13、Equity law衡平法

- “ equity ”——doing equity

- chancellor

- relief 救济

- judiciary

- Court of Chancery （衡平法院）and / vs. ordinary common law courts

-maxim

- fixed, inflexible

- equitable doctrines (e.g. law of salvage at sea)

- In a conflict between law & equity,equity should prevail.

14、award

compensatory, compensate

damages

specific performance特定履行|实际履行

injunction强制令

real/immoveable property（不动产） and / vs. personal/moveable property （动产）

15、 common law remedy/relief:普通法救济

- (compensatory) damages金钱赔偿 法律英语法律术语

2 / 15 16、 equity/equitable remedies/relief:衡平法救济

- injunction ( a temporary or final order to do or not to do a specific act)强制令

- specific performance (a party to an agreement is ordered by the court to perform his

obligations according to the terms of the agreement)

- restitution

17、judicial

express （明示）vs. implied （默示）

provision, provide

jurisdiction 管辖区域,法域; (司法）管辖权

civil suit民事诉讼

title

the law of property财产法

before the judge在法庭上

17、 apply/applicable/available适用于

be subject to受。。。。的约束

 This case is subject to Chinese law.

受……约束，引申为适用

 Chinese law applies / is applicable to / is available to this case.

适用于

18、precedent先例

judge-made law法官制定的法律

make the law制定法律

usage

term

connote / mean

in contrast to, as contrasted with

subject matter标的

19、Two parallel court systems(Double Track system)双轨制

 Federal Court System联邦法院系统

- U.S. / Federal District Court联邦地区法院

- U.S. / Federal Court of Appeals联邦上诉法院

- U.S. / Federal Supreme Court联邦最高法院

 State Court System州法院系统

- Trial / circuit Court审判法院|巡回法院

- State Appellate Court (Court of Appeals)上诉法院

- State Supreme Court最高法院

20、Separation of powers

- Legislative branch: Congress

- Executive branch: President

- Judicial branch: Courts

Checks and Balances

Judicial Review

- the ability of a court to decide on the constitutionality of legislation

21、美国的法官

 联邦和州最高法院的法官

 ——大法官，justice Chief Justice Associate Justice 法律英语法律术语

3 / 15  上诉法院和审判法院的法官

 ——法官，judge Chief Justice Associate Justice

 基层法院的审判人员

 ——治安法官，justice of the peace

 ——司法官，magistrate

22、The U.S. Supreme Court, compose of nine justices, sits as the final and controlling voice over all

these systems.美国联邦最高法院由9个大法官(1 Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justice)组成，对全部这些法律体系有最终的控制性的发言权。

23、issue 问题，争论点

litigant 诉讼当事人

plead (the case)（向法庭）陈述案情; plead（在法庭）申辩，认罪，辩护 ;申诉; 答辩; 为…辩护, 抗辩

before a court

judgment / decision / holding

appeal, appealable

hear, hearing

in which the court is located

territory

tribunal court/judicial decisions

review / rehear 重审，再审，复审

proceed through

as of right vs. discretionary

discretion

abolish

24、Two-tiered system 两级审判制

25、Since 1988, review by the Supreme Court in civil cases is discretionary; virtually all civil appeals

as of right to the highest court have been abolished.从1988年开始，最高法院对民事案件的复审有决定权；实际上，所有民事案件都可以作为(法定）权利而上诉到最高法院的作法已经被废除了。

26、(compromise) approach - (international conventions)

impose (on / upon sb.)

capital punishment

writ of certiorari

provided for by statute

specific

27、ad hoc

Versus (vs. or v.):

29、允许上诉（grant leave to appeal),

30、审查下级法院判决的诉讼文件移送命令（writ of certiorari)

31、US: Article III, section 2 (UK: Section 3, paragraph 2; CN: Article 3, paragraph 2)

Plaintiff vs. Defendant

applicant / claimant vs. respondent

appellant vs. appellee

court of first / second / last instance

court of last resort / final hearing / final judgment

higher/superior court vs. lower/inferior court

31、 constitutional 1. 宪法规定的,合乎宪法的2. 宪法的

justice 1. 正义; 公正, 合理2. 法律制裁; 司法; 审判3. 法官

judicial 司法的, 法庭的, 审判的,法官的（e.g. judicial acceptance, judicial system，judicial

decisions, judicial interpretation…)

judiciary 司法，司法系统法庭或法庭制度； (总称)法官,审判官; 司法系统，司法部 ; 法院的;