医学英语文献阅读二曹素贞课后答案

医学英语阅读二分册翻译及答案-参考对人体的简要概述使我们对两个被认为是医学基础的不同学科有了初步认识，这两个学科就是解剖学与生理学。

然而不把病理学包括进去，这种概述是不完整的，因为病理学是研究疾病引起的结构和功能变化的学科。

实际上，现代对疾病的研究方法强调病理学与生理学的密切关系，并强调在治疗任何人体疾病时了解病理学与生理学基础的必要性。

The brief survey of the human body in Chapter One has g iven us a glimpse into two different studies that are consi dered the fundamentals of medical sciences, namely anatomy and physiology. However, the picture is not complete withou t considering pathology, the science that deals with the st ructural and functional changes produced by the disease. In fact, the modern approach to the study of disorder emphasi zes the close relationship of the pathological and physiolo gical aspects and the need to understand the fundamentals o f each in treating any body diseases.那么什么是疾病呢？它可以被定义为正常机能或者部分机能遭受损害时的一种状态。

每一种生物，无论植物还是动物，都会生病。

例如，人类常常被微小的细菌感染，但是细菌又转而可能被更加微小的病毒感染。

Unit 11 Normally, the rate of cell reproduction and the process of cell differentiation are precisely controlled so that both of these mechanisms cease once the appropriate numbers and types of cells are formed.2 Cell walls are very thin so that oxygen and carbon dioxide can easily get through.3 Many cells, especially those of the central nervous system and the heart ,are extremely sensitive to low blood levels of oxygen ,so that lack of oxygen results in serious damage.4 The undifferentiated stem cells that can be triggered to enter the cell cycle are different from the cells that continue to divide and reproduce.5 In the blood there are many red blood cells that serve as vehicles for carrying oxygen.6 Besides neurons, there are other well-differentiated cells that are unable to divide.1细胞的专化程度越高，失去有丝分裂能力的可能性越大。

医学英语文献阅读二上海交通大学课后题答案1、Mary _______ Math. [单选题] *A. is good at(正确答案)B. do well inC. is good forD. is good with2、The language school started a new（）to help young learners with reading and writing. [单选题] *A. course(正确答案)B. designC. eventD. progress3、The bookstore is far away. You’d better _______ the subway. [单选题] *A. sitB. take(正确答案)C. missD. get4、I repeated my question several times. [单选题] *A. 到达B. 惊奇C. 重复(正确答案)D. 返回5、____ father is a worker. [单选题] *A.Mike's and Mary'sB. Mike and Mary's(正确答案)C. Mike's and MaryD. Mike and Marys'6、The students in that university are not fewer than（）in our university. [单选题] *A. the oneB. thatC. themD. those(正确答案)7、--Mom, I will not eat fast food this year. Believe me.--If you make a _______, you must keep it. [单选题] *A. jokeB. noiseC. mistakeD. promise(正确答案)8、Reading（）the lines, I dare say that the government are more worried than they admitted. [单选题] *A. behindB. between(正确答案)C. alongD. among9、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way10、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions11、（）of the twins was arrested because I saw them both at a party last night. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. Neither(正确答案)D. All12、Now people can _______ with their friends far away by e-mail, cellphone or letter. [单选题] *A. keep onB. keep in touch(正确答案)C. keep upD. keep off13、He kept walking up and down, which was a sure（）that he was very worried. [单选题] *A. sign(正确答案)B. characterC. natureD. end14、The news is?_______. We are all _______ at it. [单选题] *A. exciting;?excited(正确答案)B. excited;?excitingC. exciting;?excitingD. excited;?excited15、35．Everyone in China ______ Mid-Autumn Day. [单选题] * A．likes(正确答案)B．likeC．is likingD．are like16、Guilin is _______ its beautiful scenery. [单选题] *A. famous for(正确答案)B. interested inC. fond ofD. careful with17、—______ Tom play the piano?—Yes, very well. （）[单选题] *A. Can(正确答案)B. MayC. MustD. Should18、Many children have to _______ their parents. [单选题] *A. divide intoB. put onC. depend on(正确答案)D. take on19、_____from far away, the 600-meter tower is stretching into the sky. [单选题] *A. SeeB. SeeingC. To seeD. Seen(正确答案)20、During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat _______ as a traditional Chinese food. [单选题] *A. pizzaB. dumplings(正确答案)C. hamburgersD. noodles21、This is not our house. lt belongs to _____. [单选题] *A. the Turners'B. the Turners(正确答案)C. Turner'sD. Turners22、Look! There are some boats ______ the river.（）[单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. overC. betweenD. in23、You are getting too old for football.You had better _____tennis instead. [单选题] *A.take up(正确答案)B.take inC.take forD.take over24、Boys and girls, _______ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp(夏令营)．[单选题] *A. puttingB. to putC. put(正确答案)D. puts25、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect26、We have made a _______ tour plan to Sydney. [单选题] *A. two dayB. two daysC. two-day(正确答案)D. two-days27、2．The villagers want to have a bridge. Can this dream ________? [单选题] *A．come outB．get awayC．come true(正确答案)D．get out28、( ) Do you have any difficulty _____ these flowers？I’d like to help you if you need.[单选题] *A in planting(正确答案)B for plantingC with plantingD to plant29、The family will have _______ good time in Shanghai Disneyland. [单选题] *A. theB. a(正确答案)C. anD. /30、The traffic jams often happen in _______ hours. [单选题] *A. lunchB. workC. leisureD. rush(正确答案)。

四、A型题：1. Identify the errors in the following sentence:That is troubling me is that I don’t have much experience in international commerce.[ 1分] A.That* 2. I don't like the way ______ you laughed at her.[ 1分] B.that* 3. I’m ______ for news about them.[ 1分] C.eager* 4. He mistook me ______ my sister from my receding figure in darkness.[ 1分] A.for* 5. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Bob has mistaken me as Joe.[ 1分] D.as* 6. Identify the errors in the following sentence:She is most eagerly to know where the treasure has been hidden.[ 1分] B.eagerly* 7. He held himself ______ for fear of saying something he would regret.[ 1分] D.in* 8. His mother helped him select the pop music ______ his taste as his birthday gift.[ 1分] C.to* 9. Poor old George has ______ the world since his business failed.[ 1分] e down in* 10. ______ at the meeting that everyone present was convinced.[ 1分] B.So forcefully did he speak* 11. He said he really couldn't ______ to offend such people in those days.[ 1分] D.afford* 12. The boy leaning against the wall ______ and ______ but______ nothing and finally burst into crying.[ 1分]B.listened ... listened, heard* 13. Identify the errors in the following sentence:If one does not work hard, you cannot expect to succeed.[ 1分]C.you* 14. How we______ a chance to visit your great country![ 1分] B.longed for* 15. Only guests of the hotel enjoy the ______of using the private beach.[ 1分] A.privilege* 16. The school bus was _____by a thick fog.[ 1分] A.held up17. The children at the kindergarten ______ from 1 to 100.[ 1分] C.counted out* 18. Jim ______ to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.[ 1分]B.would have preferred* 19. In order to ______ his face, he concealed his real name from us and pretended to be a noble man.[ 1分]D.save* 20. Identify the errors in the following sentence:After making observations for a week, Sam found why Mr. Hobbs’s short factory was so inefficient.[ 1分] C.found* 21. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Jonnie was not barely able to walk without help because of the bad injury in his leg.[ 1分] A.was not* 22. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Not until my mother told me the sad news last night did I knew that our neighbor Dr. Li was killed in a car accident the week before.[ 1分] C.did I knew* 23. The negotiation has already been broken ______.[ 1分] C.off* 24. Identify the errors in the following sentence:On his way to school yesterday morning Prof. Wang met an old friend and stopped talking with him for quite a while.[ 1分] C.stopped talking* 25. She ______ her things into luggage and was in great excitement for the holiday in the West.[ 1分]D.packed26. I don't think ______ he believed my reason because he had turned a deaf ear to me.[ 1分]D.for a moment* 27. Identify the errors in the following sentence:He wanted to know how the way they behaved.[ 1分]B.ow the way* 28. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Since the beginning of this century, more and more scientists have become interested in the way how the human brain works.[ 1分]D.the way how* 29. The ______power of the people in this town has been decreasing because most young people have left for the big cities.[ 1分] B.purchasing* 30. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Mary was shocked to realizing that it was time for tides to come in.[ 1分] B.realizing* 31. I've never heard ______ such a thing.[ 1分] B.of* 32. Identify the errors in the following sentence:I got two vases in China. All of them are expensive.[ 1分]C.All* 33. If only I ______ the English exam without much hard work.[ 1分] C.could pass* 34. When he heard the news that he was selected to study abroad, he jumped _____ joy.[ 1分] A.with* 35. The space-shuttle will land on the 18th of this month, _____ the 25th.[ 1分] B.instead of* 36. Identify the errors in the following sentence:When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I ought to get there earlier.[ 1分] C.ought to get37. “We’ll do what we can to get the goods ____on time,” said the manger of the company.[ 1分]B.delivered* 38. Your remarks are rather ______ because every one stands by her.[ 1分] C.out of place* 39. Identify the errors in the following sentence:No matter whatever he wanted, she would give it to him.[ 1分]B.whatever* 40. Identify the errors in the following sentence:He always acts as if he is the chairman although he is nothing at C.is* 41. The Chairman of the Trade Union suggested ______ to look into the problem.[ 1分]B.setting up a special committee42. The newly-retired old man looked ______ at the article on display before he made a decision to make a purchase.[ 1分] A.closely* 43. Identify the errors in the following sentence:As soon as I showed her the trick, she bursted out laughing[ 1分]C.bursted out44. The police investigation discovered that three young men were ______in the robbery.[ 1分]B.involved* 45. He felt rather______as he was the only person who wore sportswear at the dinner party.[ 1分]D.out of the place* 46. Vickie had most probably ______her for another sort of girl.[ 1分] C.mistaken* 47. What the ______ is that thing on your head?[ 1分] A.hell* 48. It is the boy’s laziness that ______his failure in the exam.[ 1分] C.result in* 49. We must begin testing this instrument, ______ difficult it is.[ 1分] B.no matter how* 50. Identify the errors in the following sentence:After criticizing our proposal in every detail, the director went on telling us that there was nothing personal in his comments.[ 1分] C.telling us* 51. I remember ______ the book to you the other day when I met you on my way to the library.[ 1分]A.returning* 52. I hired a boat ______ I could go fishing.[ 1分] C.so that* 53. Identify the errors in the following sentence:There are many faults in his homework.[ 1分] C.faults* 54. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Alice is the only one of those neighbors who are always willing to help the old.[ 1分] C.are* 55. I like to get up early so that I can get plenty of work _____before lunch.[ 1分] A.done* 56. The general designer was talking to the builders of the Grand Hotel while pointing ______ the map.[ 1分]D.at* 57. There was a long ______ silence between them after his angry words.[ 1分] B.awkward* 58. I received a ______parcel yesterday and I am still wondering who may have sent it.[ 1分]D.mysterious* 59. Children are always longing ______ Christmas because they can be presented with a lot of gifts under the Christmas tree.[ 1分] C.for* 60. Identify the errors in the following sentence:"Excuse me," he said, with more dignity than I would thought of possible considering his appearance.[ 1分] B.thought of五、A型题：* 1. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Of the two lectures, the first was by far the best one, partly because the person who delivered it had such a pleasant voice.[ 1分] B. the best* 2. When their coach came in, all the players stopped watching, whispering and ______.[ 1分]ughing* 3. The movie star ______with your sister, didn’t he?[ 1分] ed to dance* 4. “You’re a liar!” she （exclaimed）.[ 1分] B.cried out* 5. Identify the errors in the following sentence:The old grandmother, dressed in her finest clothes and accompanied by lots of grandchildren,were smiling happily in the living room.[ 1分]B.finest clothes* 6. Identify the errors in the following sentence:She insisted that we gave her thirty minutes for preparation.[ 1分] B.gave* 7. Mother insisted that______.[ 1分] C.they be back before nine in the evening* 8. I answered the letter （immediately）.[ 1分] A.at once* 9. The police are （looking into） the mysterious disappearance of a two-year-old girl from home in Florida.[ 1分] D.investigating* 10. To give up such a chance would be an ______ decision.[ 1分] A.ill-advised* 11. Do you think that these new methods will _____?[ 1分] C.work* 12. The judge （suspected） the truth of the evidence provided by the witness.[ 1分] A.doubted* 13. Identify the errors in the following sentence:I can’t help to think it would be fun to play such an exciting game with them.[ 1分] A.to think* 14. ______, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.[ 1分] B.Whoever you are* 15. Japanese differs ______ Chinese in many respects.[ 1分] A.from* 16. It was in that small room_____ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.[ 1分] D.that* 17. （As long as） you keep trying, you’ll certainly succeed.[ 1分] D.If* 18. The executive art editor planned to be secretly married _____ his beloved girl who had been in love for three years.[ 1分] D.to* 19. They （occasionally） stop by to see us.[ 1分] D.once in a while20. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Because of her sympathy for this poor old man, the shop girl took lesser money than the actual charge for the puddings.[ 1分] B.lesser* 21. Identify the errors in the following sentence:When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I ought to get there earlier.[ 1分] C.ought to get* 22. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Comparing with the corresponding period of last year, the output in the first quarter rose by 10%.[ 1分] paring* 23. ______ the end of the meeting ______ he had made a serious mistake.[ 1分]C.Not until ... did the chairman find* 24. Identify the errors in the following sentence:You may sell the used books to the new students at the university at a cheaper price than youpaid for them.[ 1分] B.a cheaper* 25. Are you （positive） that the boy you saw in the hotel corridor was Peter?[ 1分] C.sure* 26. When will the wedding ______?[ 1分] B.take place* 27. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Having rejected by everybody, the student representative resigned the committee.[ 1分] A.Having rejected* 28. Identify the errors in the following sentence:The foreign tourist said that he was lucky because that was the second time that he visited there.[ 1分] B.that* 29. During the past few months, the young girl has shown great ______ as a good dancer.[ 1分]B.potential* 30. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Entered the room, he took off his hat and coat and hung them up.[ 1分] A.Entered* 31. He has no other interests ______ he is fond of collecting stamps.[ 1分] C.except that* 32. Identify the errors in the following sentence:By reading the directions carefully, some mistakes in the examination cold have been avoided.[ 1分] A.By reading* 33. When the bus arrived at the station, he got off and made _____to go home.[ 1分] A.his way* 34. That opera is based ______ an actual occurrence.[ 1分] D.on* 35. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, ______.[ 1分] D.her linger hair flowing in the breeze* 36. Identify the errors in the following sentence:The chairman proposed that every speaker must limit himself to fifteenth minutes.[ 1分] B.must limit* 37. ______that the left side of the human brain is responsible for logic.[ 1分] C.It is generously believed* 38. We must prevent this disease ______ spreading.[ 1分] B.on* 39. Identify the errors in the following sentence:This visit has remained a deep impression on her mind.[ 1分]B.remained* 40. Identify the errors in the following sentence:He was singing an Anti-Japanese song, as if remembered those unforgettable days.[ 1分] C.remembered* 41. At the age of four, the outstanding champion of the World Cup Athlete Tournament could stand there ______ to watch the game for a few hours.[ 1分] A.silently* 42. Betty was （nervous） whenever she saw her history teacher.[ 1分] D.tense* 43. Identify the errors in the following sentence:John said his mother would buy him a five-speeds racing bicycle for his sixteenth birthday.[ 1分] B.five-speeds* 44. The local police are ______ the fires that have occurred recently[ 1分] C.looking into* 45. Pay special attention to ______ your teacher speaks English.[ 1分] D.the way* 46. You may borrow my book ______ you promise to return it tomorrow.[ 1分] B.as long as* 47. The old couple in this flight took ______ window seats and helped themselves.[ 1分] A.over* 48. Scientists didn’t know much about lung cancer______.[ 1分] B.until recently* 49. Mount Qomolangma, the Roof Ridge of the world is covered______ snow all the year around.[ 1分]D.with* 50. Identify the errors in the following sentence:That is troubling me is that I don’t have much experience in international commerce.[ 1分]A.That* 51. I couldn’t understand why he pretended______ in the bookstore.[ 1分] B.not to see me* 52. The ______ to the house was a narrow path and was often held up by traffic jams.[ 1分]A.approach* 53. Identify the errors in the following sentence:Do you know anybody who had been injured in the accident happened on the street yesterday?[ 1分] B.had been injured in* 54. Identify the errors in the following sentence:It was very late to save the drowning boy as he had gone down for the third time.[ 1分] A.very late* 55. The professor paused as if ______his students to ask question on point he had just made.[ 1分]A.expecting* 56. We waited more than half an hour for Beth but （eventually） we had to leave without her.[ 1分]B.in the end* 57. The tour bus slopped in Times Square, picked up some visitor and______.[ 1分]C.on through* 58. The classroom was almost empty ______a desk or two.[ 1分]B.except for* 59. All her doubts （vanished） after she read the letter from Jimmy.[ 1分]B.disappeared* 60. Identify the errors in the following sentence:It was suggested that we tried to use gas to start a fire.[ 1分]D.start a fire。

职称英语考试/模拟试题2016年职称英语综合类阅读判断练习及答案（2）Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart According to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump(用泵抽水)more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of,the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better.All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction(射血分数).This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle(心室).Healthy people's ejection fraction is about55%.These patients had ejection fraction of under 35%.They all had by-pass surgery(搭桥手术)performed on them.Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1% while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37.2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650,000 people suffer from heart failure every year.As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings areparticularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.1.The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.The experiment proved to be satisfactory.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.The control group patients regretted not having had stem cell injections.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.The study actually proved for the first time the benefit of stem cell therapy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.The ejection fraction rate of the patients with stem cell injections decreasedA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.Heart failure is more common in the UK than anywhere else in the world.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.Stem cell therapy seems to have great prospects.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A2016年职称英语综合类阅读判断练习及答案（2）.doc [全文共1516字] 编号：6136966。

Unit11、Some factors that may lead to the complaint:·Neuron overload·Patients* high expectations·Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patient and the doctor2、Mrs. Osorio’s condition:·A 56-year-old woman·Somewhat overweight·Reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension·Cholesterol on the high side without any medications for it·Not enough exercises she should take·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan3、Good things:·Blood tests done·Glucose a little better·Her blood pressure a little better but not so great Bad things:·Cholesterol not so great·Her weight a little up·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan 44、The situation:·The author was in a moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about Mrs. Osorio’s conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.·Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions.·Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innocent —and completely justified —request”：the form signed by her doctor.·The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patient while completing documentation.5、Similarities:·In computer multitasking, a microprocessor actually performs only one task ata time. Like microprocessors, we human beings carft actually concentrate ontwo thoughts at the same exact time. Multitasking is just an illusion both in computers and human beings.Differences:·The concept of multitasking originated in computer science.·At best, human beings can juggle only a handful of thoughts in a multitasking manner, but computers can do much better.·The more thoughts human beings juggle, the less human beings are able to attune fully to any given thought, but computers can do much better.6、·7 medical issues to consider·5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue·7 x 5 = 35 thoughts·10 patients that afternoon·35 x 10 = 350 thoughts·5 residents under the authors supervision·4 patients seen by each resident·10 thoughts, at least, generated from each patient·5 x 4 x 10 = anther 200 thoughts·350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total·If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves about10 thoughts that might get lost in the process.7、Possible solutions:·Computer-generated reminders·Case managers·Ancillary services·The simplest solution: timeUnit21、The author implies:• Peoples inadequate consciousness about the consequence of neglecting the re- emerging infectious diseases·Unjustifiability of peoples complacency about the prevention and control of the infectious diseases·Unfinished war against infectious diseases2、Victory declarations:·Surgeon General William Stewart's hyperbolic statement of closing “the book on infectious disease”.·A string of impressive victories incurred by antibiotics and vaccines·The thought that the war against infectious diseases was almost overWhat followed ever since:·Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola·Comeback of the old afflictions:» Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union» TB in urban centers like New York City» Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever·The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world3、Elaborate on the joined battle:·WHO established a new division devoted to worldwide surveillance and control of emerging disease in October 1995.·CDC launched a prevention strategy in 1994.·Congress raised fund from $6.7 million in 1995 to $26 million in 1997.4、The borders are meaningless to pathogenic microbes, which can travel from one country to another remote country in a very short time.5、TB:·Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal places for TB spread·Emerging of drug-resistant strain or even multi-drug-resistant strain·A ride on the HIV w^on by attacking the immunocompromisedGroup A strep:·A change in virulence·Mutation in the exterior of the bacteriumFlu:Constant changes in its coat (surface antigens) and resultant changes in its level of virulence6、Examples:·Experiment in England is seeing the waning immunity because of no vaccination.·Du e to poor vaccination efforts, the diphtheria situation in the former Soviet Union is serious. '• The vaccination rates are dropping in some American cities, and it will lead to more diphtheria and whooping cough.7、The four areas of focus:·The need for surveillance·Updated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the field ·Appropriate prevention and control·Strong public health infrastructure8、The infectious diseases such as TB, flu, diphtheria and scarlet fever will never really go away, and the war against them will never end.Unit31、Terry's life before·She loved practicing Tae Kwon Do·She loved the surge of adrenaline that came with the controlled combat of tournaments.·She competed nationally, even won bronze medal in the trials for the Pan American Games.·She attended medical school, practiced as an internal medicine resident, and became an academic general internist.·She got married and got a son and a daughter.2、The symptoms of MS and autoimmune disease:·Loss of stamina and strength·Problems with balance·Bouts of horrific facial pain·Dips in visual acuity3、Terry did the following before she self-experimented:·She started injections.·She adopted many pharmacotherapies.·She began her own study of literature:» She read articles on websites such as PubMed.» She searched for articles testing new MS drugs in animal models.»She turned to articles concerning neurodegeneration of all types —dementia，Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease.»She relearned basic sciences such as cellular physiology, biochemistry, and neurophysiology.4、Approaches Terry mainly used:·Self-experimentation with various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on literature reports on animal models·Self-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation which is not an approved treatment for MS·Online search to identify the sources of micronutrients and having a new diet ·Reduction of food allergies and toxic load5、Cases mentioned in the text:·Increased mercury stores in the brains of people with dental fillings·High levels of the herbicide atrazine in private wells in Iowa·The strong association between pesticide exposure and neurodegeneration ·The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms involving metabolism of sulfur and/or B vitamins·Inefficient clearing of toxins6、With 70% to 90% of the risk for diabetes, heart disease, cancer, andautoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than the genes, we can take many health problems and the health care crisis under our control, for example, optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.Unit41、Two concepts:·Complementary medicine refers to the use of conventional therapies together with alternative treatments such as using acupuncture in addition to usual care to help lessen pain. Complementary and alternative medicine is shortened as CAM.·Alternative medicine refers to healing treatments that are not part of conventional therapies —like acupuncture, massage therapy, or herbal medicine. They are called so because people used to consider practices like these outside the mainstream.2·TCM does not require advanced, complicated, and in most cases, expensive facilities.·TCM employs needles, cups, coins, to mention but a few.·Most procedures and operations of TCM are noninvasive.·The substances used as medicine are raw herbs or abstracts from them, and they are indeed all natural, from nature.·TCM has been practiced as long as the Chinese history, so the efficiency i s proven and ensured.·Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on some of the theories and practices of TCM3、It may be used as an adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program for a number of conditions: post-operative and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative dental pain, addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma.4、A well-justified NO:·More intense research to uncover additional areas for the use of acupuncture ·Higher adoption of acupuncture as a common therapeutic modality not only in treatment but also in prevention of disease and promotion of wellness ·Exploration and perfection of innovative methods of acupuncture point stimulation with technological advancement·Improved understanding of neuroscience and other aspects of human physiology and function by basic research on acupuncture·Greater interest by stakeholders·An increasing number of physician acupuncturists5、·Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance:» Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient» Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulas·Digression from either of the above guidence will lead to misuses of herbs, and will result in complications in patient6、·Randomized controlled trialsAdvantages:»Elimination of the potential bias in the allocation of participants to the intervention group or control group» Tendency to produce comparable groups» Guaranteed validity of statistical tests of significanceLimitations:» Difficulty in generalizing the results obtained from the selected sampling to the population as a whole» A poor choice for research where temporal factors are anissue»Extremely heavy resources, requiring very large samplegroups• Quasi-experimentsAdvantages:» Control group comparisons possible» Reduced threats to external validity as natural environments do notsuffer the same problems of artificiality as compared to awell-controlled laboratory setting.» Generalizations of the findings to be made about population since quasiexperiments are natural experimentsLimitations：» Potential for non-equivalent groups as quasi-experimental designsdo not use random sampling in constructing experimental and controlgroups.» Potential for low internal validity as a result of not using random sampling methods to construct the experimental and control groups• Cohort studiesAdvantages:»Clear indication of the temporal sequence between exposure andoutcome» Particular use for evaluating the effects of rare or unusual exposure» Ability to examine multiple outcomes of a single risk factorLimitations:» Larger, longer, and more expensive» Prone to certain types of bias» Not practical for rare outcomes• Case-control studiesAdvantages:»The only feasible method in the case of rare diseases and those with long periods between exposure and outcome»Time and cost effective with relatively fewer subjects as compared to other observational methodsLimitations：» Unable to provide the same level of evidence as randomized controlled trials as it is observational in nature» Difficult to establish the timeline of exposure to disease outcome• “N=1” trialsAdvantages» Easy to manage» InexpensiveLimitations：» Findings difficult to be generalized to the whole population» Weakest evidence due to the number of the subject7、• Synthesis of evidence is completely dependent on:» The completeness of the literature search (unavailable for foreign studies) » The accuracy of evaluation·There are situations in which no answer can be found for the questions of interest in RCTs and database analyses.·There's the requirement of using less stringent information rather than “hard data”8、·Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in society·Research and education·Political, economic, and social factorsUnit51、·Dis-ease refers to the imbalance arising from：» Continuous stress» Pain» Hardships·Disease is a health crisis ascribable to various dis-eases.·Prompting elimination of dis-eases can alleviate some diseases.2、·Wellness is a state involving every aspect of our being: body, mind and spirit.·Manifestations of a healthy person:» Energy and vitality» A certain zip in gait» A warm feeling of peace of heart seen through behavior3、·Constant messages, positive and negative，are sent to our mind about the health of our body.·Physical symptoms are suppressed by people who go through life on automatic pilot.·Being well equals to being disease- or illness-free in the minds of them. ·They confused wellness with an absence of symptoms.4、·People's minds are infected by spin:» Half-truth» Fearful fictions» Blatant deceit: some as a form of self-deceit·Spin is a result of unconscious living.·The kind of falseness is pandemic.5·Our body intelligence is suppressed or dormant from a lack of use.·There are tremendous amount of stress on a daily basis.·Our bodies are easily ignored for years because of a lack of recreation time. ·Limiting, self-defeating and even self-destructive behaviors undermine our wellbeing and keep them from achieving our full potential.6·We grow more reluctant to take risks.·We lose the ability to feel and acknowledge our deepest feelings and the courage to speak our truth.·We continue to deny and repress our feelings to protect ourselves. ·Fear, denial and disconnection from our bodies and feelings become an unconscious, self-protective habit, a kind of default response to life.7·A multi-faceted process:» Looking for roots of and resolutions for the issues in different dimensions » Building our wellness toolbox slowly» Picturing our whole state of being·Attention to the little stuff:» Examining our lives honestly and setting clear intentions to change» Striving to maintain a balance of our mind, body and spirit» Taking small steps in the way to perceive and resolve conflict8·Try to awaken and evolve in order to live more consciously.·Get in touch with our genuine feelings and emotions.·Come to terms with the toxic emotionsUnit61、In the past, most people died at home. But now, more and more people arecared in hospitals and nursing homes at their end of life, which of course brings a new set of questions to consider.2、·Sixty-four years old with a history of congestive heart failure·Deciding to do everything medically possible to extend his life·Availability of around-the-clock medical services and a full range of treatment choices, tests, and other medical care·Relaxed visiting hours, and personal items from home3、Availability of around-the-clock medical resources, including doctors, nurses,and facility.4、·Taking on a job which is big physically, emotionally, and financially·Hiring a home nurse for additional help·Arranging for services (such as visiting nurses) and special equipment (like a hospital bed or bedside commode)5、·Health insurance·Planning by a professional, such as a hospital discharge plaimer or a social worker·Help from local governmental agencies·Doctor's supervision at home6、·Traditionally, it is only about symptom care.·Recently, it is a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of life for people who are living with potentially fatal diseases.7、·Stopping treatment specifically aimed at curing an illness equals discontinuing all treatment.·Choosing a hospice is a permanent decision.Unit71、·A dying patient·Decision whether to withdraw life-support machines and medication and start comfort measures·The family's refusal to make any decision or withdraw any treatments2、·The doctor as exclusive decision-maker·The patient as participant with little say in the final choice3、·Respect for the patient, especially the patient s autonomy·Patient-centered care·The patient as decision-maker based on the information provided by the doctor4、·Patients are forced to make decisions they never want to.·Patients, at least a large majority of them, prefer their doctors to make final decisions.·Shifting responsibility of decision-making to patients will bring about more stress to patients and their families, especially when the best option for the patient is uncertain.5、Doctors are very much cautious about committing some kind of ethicaltransgression.6、·Shouldering responsibility together with the patient may be better than having the patient make decisions on their own.·Balancing between paternalism and respect for patients autonomy constitutes a large part of medical practice.Unit81、·Research:An activity to test hypothesis, to permit conclusions to be drawn, and thereby to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge·Practice:Interventions solely to enhance the well-being of an individual patient or client and that have a reasonable expectation of success·Blurred distinction:»Cooccurrence of research and practice like in research designed to evaluate a therapy» Notable departures from standard practice being called “experimental”with the terms “experimenta l”and “research” carelessly defined2、·Autonomy：Individuals treated as autonomous agents .·Protection:Persons with diminished autonomy entitled to protection·A case in point:Prisoners involved in research3·“Do no harm” as the primary principle·Maximization of possible benefits and minimization of possible harms . ·Balance between benefits and potential risks involved in every step of seeding the benefits4、·“Do no harm” as a fundamental principle of medical ethics·Extension of it to the realm of research by Claude Bernard·Benefits and risks as a set “duet” in both medical practice and research5、·Unreasonable denial of entitled benefit and unduly imposed burden：Enrolment of patients in new drug trial: Who should be enrolled and who should not?·Equal treatment of equals:Determining factors of equality: age, sex, severity of the condition, financial status, social status6、·Definition:The opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them ·Application:» A process rather than signing a written form» Adequate information as the premise» A well-informed decision as the expected result7、·Requirements for consent as entailed by the principle of respect for persons ·Risk/benefit assessment as entailed by the principle of beneficence·More requirements of fairness as entailed by the principle of justice: » At the individual level: fairness» At the social level: distinction between classesUnit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。

医学英语课后翻译习题答案9-12Unit 91鉴别诊断Differential diagnosis2 流行病学Incidence and epidemiology3 银屑病关节炎Psoriatic arthritis4骨关节炎Osteoarthritis5 寰枢关节Atlantoaxial joint6 齿突Odontoid prcess7 腰椎Lumbar8拇趾外翻Hallux valgus9近端指 (趾) 间关节Proximal interphalangeal joint10 颈椎病Cervical spondylosis11 从出现症状到确诊平均需要6个月到1年The average time from the onset of symtoms to diagnosis is about 6 months to 1 year.12 如果病人保持一个姿势时间过长, 就会出现类似“凝胶”的现象A simillar ”gelling” phenomenon occurs when Patients remain in a single position for a prolonged period of time.13 在类风湿性关节炎中, 腰部疾病是很常见的Waist disease is quite common in RA.14 肩关节炎可引起疼痛, 活动受限, 回旋肌腱的撕裂。

Arthrits in the shoulder joint can cause pain,decrease range of motion,and chronic rotator cuff tears.15 在患有严重肩关节炎的病人中, 疼痛引起的入睡困难是很常见的疾病。

Difficulty in slepping due to pain is a very common complaint in paients with significant shoulder arthritis.Unit 101.阴阳学说建立在对立统一规律的基础上The theory of Yin-Yang is guided by the law of unity of the opposites.2.阴阳之间的关系有阴阳的对立、阴阳的互根、阴阳的消长和阴阳的相互转化The interaction between Yin and Yang can be summed up briefly as: opposition of Yin and Yang, interdependence of Yin and Yang, waning and waxing of Yin and Yang, and inter-transformation of Yin and Yang.3.阴阳消长指阴阳之间的相互作用及其转化waning and waxing of Yin and Yang describes the interaction and potential exchange between Yin and Yang..4.静止、下降、黑暗等属阴The characteristics of stillness, descending, darkness, and, etc. pertain to Yin5. 阳盛阴虚则滋阴潜阳，阴阳两虚则滋阴益阳In case of little Yin deficiency, nourishing Yin and subdue Yang. In case of deficiency of both Yin and Yang, nourishing Yin and tonifying Yang.6. 事物阴阳的属性是相对的The Yin-Yang attribution of the thing is relative7. 阴阳两者之间互为条件，任何一方都不能脱离另一方而存在Yin-Yang are interdependent. One cannot exist without the other. Each of the two aspects is the condition for the other's existence and neither can exist in isolation.8. 量变可以导致质变Quantitative change can lead to qualitative change.9. 功能性疾病、器质性疾病Functional diseases. Organic diseases.10. 维持阴阳平衡是中医学的基本治则The general principle in the treatment of the TCM is “tokeep Yin-Yang in balance”.11. 阴阳可以概括疾病的性质The nature of diseases attributes to either Yin or Yang.12. 在一定条件下，阴阳可以相互转化In certain circumstances, Yin and Yang will transform into each other.13. 五行包括木、火、土、金、水The five elements include wood, fire, earth, metal, and water.14. 五行之间的正常关系包括相生、相克，异常关系有相乘和相侮There are two types of interactions among the five elements, inter-promotion and inter-restriction. In addition, there are two abnormal relationships among the five elements, i.e. over-restriction and reverse-restriction.Unit 111.五脏包括肝、心、脾、肺、肾The heart, lungs, spleen, liver and kidney are termed the five Zang-organs．2.六腑指胆、小肠、大肠、胃、膀胱、三焦等The gallbladder, Stomach, large and small intestines, bladder and tri-Jiao are termed the six Fu-organs．3.奇恒之腑有胆、脑、骨、脉、髓、女子胞等The brain, spine, bones, vessels, gallbladder, and uterus are termed the extraordinary or extra Fu-organs.4.心为君主之官The heart is considered to be the most important of all the internal organs, sometimes described as the “ruler” or “monarch” of the internal organs.5.心主血脉The heart governs blood and blood vessels.6.心藏神，开窍于舌The heart houses the mind opens into the tongue.7.肺主气司呼吸The lungs govern Qi and respiration.8.脾主运化、主统血，为气血生化之源The spleen governs transformation and transportation, controls the blood and is described as “the source of Qi and blood”.9.肝主藏血，主疏泄The liver stores blood, and ensures the smooth flow of Qi.10.肾藏精、主发育与生殖The kidneys store essence and govern birth, growth, reproduction and development.11.肾与膀胱相表里The kidney has interior-exterior relationship with urinary bladder.12.三焦主气化，通行元气、水液等The triple jiao dominates all kinds of Qi, governs the “Qi-varying”of the human body and is pathways of Qi, fluid and foodstuff.13.大肠可以接受食物残渣The large intestine receives food dregs.14.脑为髓海，主管精神活动The brain is consider as the “the sea of the marrow”and governs the mental activities of the human being.15.女子胞可以发生月经和孕育胎儿。

医学英语文献选读部分文章全文翻译Unit1 Text B定义和自然的炎症反应当生活组织都受伤了,一系列的变更,这可能会持续几个小时,几天或几周内,发生在和伤病的周围。

这个反应损伤被称为炎症,术语源自拉丁语inflammare意义燃烧.这受伤异常但身体的反应,炎症,是很正常的,如果复杂的、生理的反应——唯一一个可能的情况下的特殊损伤。

炎症反应的性质是首先被约翰亨特(1794),他在研究战伤后,得出结论:infammation本身是不应被视为一种疾病,但从而有利于机体要么暴力或一些疾病”。

许多不同类型的损伤可能引发炎症。

他们可分为如下:(1)物理因素如过度加热或冷却,紫外线和电离辐射或机械创伤。

(2)化学物质,包括各种细菌毒素。

(3)过敏反应。

反应的抗体或敏感的淋巴细胞和细菌或其他抗原可以释放物质的机制导致过敏炎症反应.(4)微生物感染中是一个非常重要的原因的炎症反应。

微生物在几个方面可能会伤害到组织——的释放将外——或者endo -毒素,通过超敏反应机制或细胞内乘法紧随其后的是细胞死亡中看到许多病毒感染。

(5)坏死的组织几乎任何原因导致释放物质诱发炎症在邻近的生活组织。

(6)反应在受伤后的头几个小时,一般印象和广泛不同的损伤缺陷引起simlilar最初反应-急性炎症反应。

炎性病变的性质通常是suffixitis所表示的。

因此发炎的阑尾是阑尾炎,肝肝炎等。

偶尔会有一些异常历史。

肺部炎症传统上是肺炎,而不是肺炎以及不pleuritis胸膜炎的胸膜。

急性和慢性的术语指响应的时间。

急性炎症持续几天或几周;慢性炎症持续数周、数月甚至数年。

炎性反应通常是有益的,事实上它是根本的在对抗大多数感染和限制的有害影响的许多有毒因子。

但是,事情并非总是有利的。

在许多情况下破坏的组织或其他意料之外的效果是由于不破坏代理,但一个或其他方面的受伤的身体反应。

例如在急性炎症喉部可能有足够的炎性肿胀来阻止气道,导致死亡的窒息。

在阿尔都反应和当地应对某些蜱虫叮咬,坏死的组织是由于物质的解放polymorphonuclear白细胞的累积损伤的部位的炎症反应的一部分:这种坏死并没有出现在动物的血液白细胞剥夺由之前的治疗与骨髓毒药如氮芥。

Translation：Unit one1 医院，在现代意义上，就是由专业人员和专业的设备为病人提供医疗服务的机构，通常但也不总是提供长期的住院治疗。

它的历史意义，直至最近，是给退伍战士提供服务的地方。

2 在现代社会，从广义上说，医院或者由它所处的国家的政府提供资助，或者在私营部门通过竞争在经济上生存下来。

目前，为医院提供赞助的通常有公共部门，医疗机构，赢利或者非赢利的，医疗保险公司或者教会，包括直接由教会提供捐赠。

在历史上，医院通常由宗教机构或者教会的成员或领导来建立和资助。

与此不同的是，现代医院主要由专业的内科医生、外科医生和护士组成，在过去这些工作主要由成立医院的宗教机构或者志愿者来完成。

3 一些病人去医院只是去接受诊断和治疗，然后离开，不在医院过夜（门诊病人）；也有一些病人被收入院，在医院过夜，甚至长达几个星期或几个月（住院病人）。

医院的等级划分通常由它们所提供的医疗设施的类型和为住院病人提供的医疗服务，以及其他的在门诊所提供的医疗服务水平所决定。

（医院与其他医疗机构的区别在于它具有将病人收住院并为住院病人提供医疗服务的能力，而其他一类通常称为诊所。

）Unit two1它们平均是每两位医生为一千位病人提供预防性和初级医疗服务。

下一级别的为城镇医疗中心，这些中心通常主要为一万到三万位病人提供门诊医疗服务。

每一个中心有十到三十个床位，中心的专业医生为医士(助理医师）。

这两个较低级别的医疗机构构成了乡村合作医疗系统，为大多数的乡村病人提供医疗服务。

2强调公共卫生和预防性治疗为主的医疗政策始于50年代早期，在那个时候，共产党开始有大批的人口流动，（动员群众）参与大规模的“爱国卫生运动”，目的在于改进较差的环境卫生，预防某些疾病。

3这一转变对农村医疗卫生产生了一系列重要影响，合作医疗缺乏资金来源，致使赤脚医生数量减少，这就意味着健康教育、初级保健和家庭保健都受挫，在一些村庄，卫生状况和饮用水(水源检测？这个大家自己看哈）很少得到监控。

医学英语文献选读2 Unit4课后习题答案1、 What attitude have great thinkers taken toward the human body?A、 they have been curious about its functions and actions.B、they have been satisfied with the little knowledge known to man.C、 they have shared the same belief with average persons.D、they have regarded knowledge of the human body as taboos.2、The second paragraph implies that_____.A、all people basically take the same approach to the study of the body.B、 all approaches toward the study of body are scientific.C、 a valid study of the body requires a sound knowledge of anatomy and physiology.D、anatomy and physiology are all we need to know to understand the body.3、The studies of the cell probably do not include___.A、its structureB、 its functionsC、its perpetuationD、its origin4、What is true of the cell membrane?A、 it is one of the two main parts of the cell.B、 it is surrounded by the cytoplasm.C、it forms an impassable wall to all materials.D、 it only allows certain materials in and out.5、 Organelles are involved in all of the following cell activities except_____.A、 the changing of food into energyB、 the reproduction of cellsC、 the making of proteinD、 the provision of nutrients6、Which of the following is probably a common characteristic of cells?A、 They are highly mobile.B、They function when basic needs are met.C、 They make special chemicals.D、 They have extremely thin membranes.7、Cells making up one type of tissue _____.A、are identicalB、are similar in appearanceC、share certain features and perform similar functionsD、receive and conduct impulses8、 Different categorizations of organ systems are mentioned to show that_____.A. organ systems are often dependent on each otherB. organ systems operate in different waysC. Gray's Anatomy is no longer used by medical studentsD. organ systems should be organized under new titles答案：ACDDBBCA。

高考英语阅读理解专项训练：医学类（附详解）高考英语阅读理解专项训练——医学类（1）Northern Europeans spend a lot of time in their cold and cloudy winters planning their summer holidays. They are proud of their healthy color when they return home after the holiday. But they also know that a certain amount of sunshine is good for their bodies and general health. In ancient Greece people knew about the healing（治疗）powers of the sun, but this knowledge was lost. At the end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor, Niels Finsen, began to study the effect of sunlight on certain diseases, especially diseases of the skin. He was interested not only in natural sunlight but also in artificially （人造地）produced rays. Sunlight began to play a more important part in curing sick people. A Swiss doctor, Auguste Rollier, made full use of the sun in his hospital at Lysine. Lysine is a small village high up in the Alps. The position is important：the rays of the sun with the greatest healing power are the infra-red （红外线的）and ultra-violet （紫外线的）rays；but ultra-violet rays are too easily lost in fog and the polluted air near industrial towns. Dr. Roller found that sunlight, fresh air and good food cure a great many diseases. He was particularly successful in curing certain forms of tuberculosis with his "sun-cure". There were a large number of children in Dr. Roller's hospital. He decided to start a school where sick children could be cured and at the same time continue to learn. It was not long before his school was full. In winter, wearing only shorts, socks and boots, the children put on their skis after breakfast and left the hospital. They carried small desks and chairs as well as their school books. Their teacher led themover the snow until they reached a slope which faced the sun and was free from cold winds. There they set out their desks and chairs, and school began. Although they wore hardly any clothes, Roller's pupils were very seldom cold. That was because their bodies were full of energy which they got from the sun. But the doctor knew that sunshine can also be dangerous. If, for example, tuberculosis is attacking the lungs, unwise sunbathing may do great harm. T oday there is not just one school in the sun. There are several in Switzerland, and since Switzerland is not the only country which has the right conditions, there are similar schools in other places.1. According to the passage, when did sunlight begin to playa more important part in the treatment of disease？A. From ancient times.B. At the end of the nineteenth century.C. Not until this century.D. Only very recently.2. Why are a Danish doctor and a Swiss doctor mentioned in the second and third paragraphs？A. Because they both made use of sunlight to treat illness.B. Because they were the first people who used sunlight for treatment.C. Because they were both famous European doctors.D. Because they used sunlight in very different ways.3. Dr Roller set up a "sun-cure" school probably for the reason that _______.A. most children could stay in his hospitalB. children could study while being treatedC. the school was expected to be full of pupilsD. the school was high up in the mountains4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage？A. "Sun-cure" schools are becoming popular everywhere.B. Switzerland is the only country where "sun-cure" schools are popular.C. Proper conditions are necessary for the running of a "sun-cure" school.D. "Sun-cure" schools are found in countries where there is a lot of sunshine.【答案解析】本文介绍了利用日光治病的历史与发展。

职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解课后习题及答案第一篇Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor【纳米保健技术走向贫困国家】1.Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?下面的哪一个纳米技术应用在文章中没有提到？答案：B.To produce better and lighter building materials.产生更好的和更轻的建筑材2.How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?如何能使量子点被用来确认疾病？答案：C. Bylighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.通过靶分子发光辨认疾病3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?纳米技术如何提高药物疗效？答案：ABy making a drug target the focus of a disease.使药物对准疾病病灶。

4. The following developingcountries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology EXCEPT以下的发展中国家都做得很好，在科学研究纳米技术方面。

除了哪个？答案：C. Iran 伊朗5. Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano materials mentioned in the passage?下列哪个是使用纳米材料在文中提到的可能的危险？答案： D They may behave differently in the body and the environment.它们可能在体内体外的环境不同第二篇Medical Journals【医学杂志】1. The main readers of medical journals are？医学杂志的主要读者是？答案：B. health professionals.卫生专业人员2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?下面的哪项陈述是不真实的？答案：C. Most medical journals publish only online.大多数的医学杂志仅有网络版。

Chapter 1Passage 1 Human BodyIn this passage you will learn:1. Classification of organ systems2. Structure and function of each organ system3. Associated medical termsTo understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。

研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。

其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。

Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。

中西医英语阅读教程第二册答案一、翻译下列短语。

（每小题1分，共10分）1.恶意攻击：___ [填空题] *空1答案：Bad-mouth2.全力以赴：___ [填空题] *空1答案：Pull out all the stops3.目标受众：___ [填空题] *空1答案：Target audience4.会议套餐：___ [填空题] *空1答案：Meeting package5.目标市场：___ [填空题] *空1答案：Target market6.PMI：___ [填空题] *空1答案：私人不动产抵押贷款保险7.appraised value：___ [填空题] *空1答案：估定价值8.joint return：___ [填空题] *空1答案：夫妻共同申报所得税的申报书9. finished product：___ [填空题] *空1答案：成品10.business philosophy：___ [填空题] *空1答案：经营理念二、选择正确的词的代码填入下列句子中。

（每小题2分，共20分）A. lay offB. reach out toC. identify withD. wear onE. rent outF. on trackG. Not onlyH. frustrateI. come acrossJ. prospects11.___did he complain about the food, but also refused to pay for it. [填空题] *空1答案：G12.What are some of the difficulties one is likely to___in this transformation process. [填空题] *空1答案：I13.They made preparation to___the conspiracy. [填空题] *空1答案：H14.Due to the financial crisis, the company had to___100 men. [填空题] *空1答案：A15.When you’re looking for a job, you could___your network. [填空题] *空1答案：B16.I believe that most readers will___the author. [填空题] *空1答案：C17.As the hours___, the labor representatives became more anxious. [填空题] *空1答案：D18.He had to___his house in Seattle to make mortgage payment. [填空题] *空1答案：E19.We made a great effort to get our company back___. [填空题] *空1答案：F20.The manager held out bright___to me if I accepted the position. [填空题] *空1答案：J三、从选项中选择句子中划线部分的词相对应的词。

职称英语考试卫生类阅读题解析职称英语考试卫生类精选阅读题解析路曼曼其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的职称英语考试卫生类精选阅读题解析，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!Margaret Sanger and Birth ControlMargaret Sanger, an American nurse, was the first to start the modern birth control movement in the United States. In 1912 she (1) publishing information about women's reproductive (生殖的) concerns through articles and books. In 1914 Sanger was charged (2) violation of, the Comstock Law, which federal legislation had passed in 1873 forbidding the mailing of sexy material (3) information about birth control and contraceptive (避孕的) devices. Though she was put in jail for these activities, Sanger(4) to publish and spread information about birth control. She and her sister Ethel Byrne opened the first of several birth control clinics in America on October 16, 1916, in Brooklyn, New York.The Comstock Law was rewritten by Congress in 1936 to (5) birth control information and devices. Many states had laws forbidding distribution or use of contraceptive devices but the constitutionality (合宪性) of these laws was increasingly (6). In 1965, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that married people have the right to practice birth control without government intervention. In 1972, the court (7) that unmarried people have the same right.Today there are more birth control options (8), but overpopulation and unwanted pregnancies remain worldwide (9). Having more children than one can support may lead(10) poverty, illness, and high death rates for babies, children, and women.The problem of teenage pregnancy is (11) worse in the United States (12) in almost any other developed country. Studies show that birth rates for women under 20 are higher in the United States than in 29 other (13) countries. A detailed study suggested that the problem of teenage pregnancy in the United States may be (14) to less sex education in schools and lower availability (可获性) of contraceptive services and supplies to young people. This study (15) the view of people in the United States who argue that sex education or making contraceptive supplies available to school-age children promotes sexual activity.1. A. offered B. refused C. began D. took2. A. with B. of C. for D. to3. A. denying B. including C. linking D. understanding4. A. stopped B. started C. kept D. continued5. A. include B. spread C. forbid D. exclude6. A. questioned B. accepted C. confirmed D. favored7. A. permitted B. knew C. held D. suspected8. A. than never before B. than before everC. than ever beforeD. than before never9. A. problems B. beliefs C. gossips D. doubts10. A. on B. at C. to D. by11. A. more B. adequately C. enough D. considerably12. A. as B. than C. for D. over13. A. developed B. developing C. poor D. acceptable14. A. concerned B. popular C. loyal D. related15. A. regards B. suggests C. counters D. supports【参考答案】1. C2. A3. B4. D5. D6. A7. C8. C9. A 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C。

2019 高考英语二轮阅读理解归类练习—医学知识（详解）First aid is the action of limited care for an illness or injury in theis usually performed by a lay person to a sick or injured patient until definitive medical treatment can be accessed.Certain self-limiting il lnesses or minor injuries may notrequire further medical generally consists of series ofsimple life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained toperform with minimal equipment.While first aid can also be performed on animals ， the termgenerally refers to care of human patients.Certain skills are considered essential to the action of first，the “ABC”s of first aid ， which focus on critical life-saving action ， must be rendered before treatment of less serious injuries.ABC stands for Airway ， Breathing ， and Circulation.The same mnemonic is usedby all emergency health professionals.Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is is a life-threatening first aid atten dant would determine properness of breathing and provide rescue breathing if necessary.Some organizations add a fourth step of “D” for Deadly bleeding ，while others consider this as part of the Circulation step.Variations on techniques to maintain theABCs depend on the skill level of the first the ABCs are secured ， first aiders can begin additional treatments ， as required.Some organizations teach the same orderof priority using the “3Bs”： Breathing ， Bleeding ， and Bones.While the ABCs and 3Bs are taught to be performed continuously ， certain conditions may require the consideration of two steps at the same time.This includes the action of both CPR andchest compressions to someone who is not breathing and has no pulse.Notes ：① lay adj . 外行旳②render vt .实行③priority n．优先权长短句剖析： While first aid can also be performed on animals ， the term generally refers to care of human patients.句法点睛：本句中，while 指引退步状语从句，意思是“只管”.句意：只管抢救能够用在动物身上，但这个术语一般指对病人旳救援.【语篇解读】抢救是指在最后旳医疗救护到来以前对病人实行旳初步旳救援. 在实行抢救过程中，我们要掌握好“ABC”策略，即“气道、呼吸、循环”三因素. 也有人增添了 D 元素，即“流血”旳办理. 不论如何只需我们掌握合理旳抢救知识，病人就能获得救援.1．What does “It ” in the first paragraph refer to?A． First aid.B． Definitive medical treatment.C． Further medical care.D． An injury.答案life-saving A[ 词义猜想题techn iques. 联系第一句作者给that an individualfirst aid下旳定义，以及“ series of simplecan be trained to perform with minimalequipment ”可知，it在这里指抢救.]2． When we talk about first aid we usually mean ________ according to the passage.A． giving professional helpB． giving original help to humansC． treating animalsD． any help to animals and humans答案 B [ 细节理解题. 联系第二段中旳“ the term generally refers to care of humanpatients ”可知，只管抢救能够指对动物旳救援，可是一般来说，只指对人实行旳最先救援.D 有必定旳扰乱性，救援是指对病人实行旳救援，而不是任何帮助都叫“first aid ”.] 3． When giving first aid we must first make sure ________.A． the airway is clearB． the patient must breatheC． we have necessary medical toolsD． the patient is not choked答案 A [ 细节理解题. 从“ Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensureit is clear. ”可知，保证病人气道畅达，这是最重要旳.]4． While a man is choked we should ________.A． begin additional treatmentsB． make sure he has pulseC． make him breathe smoothlyD． take two steps at the same time答案 C [ 细节理解题. 从“ Choking is a life-threatening emergency.A first aidattendant would determine properness of breathing and provide rescue breathing ifnecessa ry. ”可知，对窒息病人而言，保证他呼吸是最重要旳.]BJeremy Wirick,9 ， has been back in school for less than two months ，but he has already had several asthma attacks.A recent attack happened on October 2 ， afterhe pushed himself too hard in ， power walking ， jogging and push-ups took their toll.When Jeremy got home an hour or two later ，he was out of breath.He needed to use a nebulizer ， a machine that helps send medicine quicklyto the lungs ， to get his breathing back to normal.Asthma attacks like Jeremy increase in September and October.More than six timesas many asthma sufferers who are elementary-school age need hospital treatment in thefall as in the summer.get together in close spaces ， they start passing viruses around.A viral infection cancause an asthma are also certain fall allergies that can cause is another common cause of ， the stress of school can make asthma worse.Parents can play a big role in helping kids with asthma start the school yearGee's 10-year-old son， Alexander ， has had asthma sincethe school year starts ， she tells school workers in writing about her son's asthma.The Gees live in Kentucky，which has passed laws allowing students to carry their asthma medication with them at school.Alexander's mommakes sure he has his inhaler with him when he goes to school and that he keeps it on hand at all times.In Delaware ， where Jeremy lives，kids are allowed to carry their inhalers at school.The American Lung Association says that about 6.2 million American children from asthma.Asthma is the chronic illness that causes students to miss the most daysare many things that schools can do to help students control theirsuffer asthma.Notes ：① asthma n．哮喘②allergy n．过敏症③medication n．药物治疗④inhaler n．人工呼吸器⑤chronic adj .慢性旳【语篇解读】本文是说明文. 文章第一经过Jeremy Wirick向我们叙述了哮喘病旳表现方式，接着叙述了它旳因由以及预防举措.1． The passage mainly deals with ________.A． how to prevent and treat asthmaB． what asthma is and its symptomsC．the side-effects asthma has on kidsD． the causes of asthma and its treatment答案 D [ 要旨粗心题. 文章第一段引出要议论旳话题——哮喘病，接着作者介绍了哮喘病旳因由及治疗方法，最后指出父亲母亲和学校应当有责任帮助孩子们治疗和预防哮喘病，故最正确答案为 D.]2． Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the passage?A． Kids are likely to suffer asthma attacks in the fall.B． Stress can add to the risk of asthma attacks.C． Medical officials should be blamed for asthma attacks.D． Asthma attacks will need necessary medical treatment.答案 C [ 推理判断题. 由第二段可判断 A 项正确；由第三段最后一句可判断 B 项正确；由第五段可判断 D 项正确. 而C 项文中没有说起，切合题意.]3． The passage lists many factors that cause asthma attacks EXCEPT ________.A． a viral infection B ． unhealthy habitsC． certain fall allergies D ． physical exercise答案 B [ 细节理解题. 由第三段能够判断A、 C、 D 都是惹起哮喘病旳原由，只有 B 项没有提到 .]4． The following paragraph is probably going to talk about ________.A． tips on asthma for schoolsB． a survey on students with asthmaC． the effects asthma has on studentsD． further understanding of asthma答案 A [ 推理判断题 . 由最后一段中旳“ There are many thin gs that schools can do to help students control their asthma.”能够推断接下来要议论学校帮助学生控制哮喘病旳措施，故 A 项为正确答案.]一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一。