2013 MCM 题目及翻译

介绍今年的焦点问题是如何实现质量和数量的平衡。

在质量方面，尽可能使热量均匀地分布。

目标是降低或避免矩形烤盘四个边角发生热量聚集的情况。

所以解决热量均匀分布这方面的问题，使用圆形烤盘是最佳的选择。

在数量方面，应该使烤盘充分的占据烤箱的空间。

所以我们的目的是使用尽可能多的烤盘来充分占据烤箱的空间，此时矩形烤盘是最佳选择。

对于这方面的问题的解决，就要考虑烤盘在烤箱水平截面上所占的比率。

在这个评论中，我们首先描述判断步骤，然后再讨论队伍对于三个问题的求解。

下一个话题就是论文的灵敏度和假设，紧随其后讨论确定一个给定方法的优势和劣势。

最后，我们简短的讨论一下参考和引用之间的区别。

过程第一轮的判别被称为“分流轮”。

这些初始轮的主要思想是确定论文应被给予更详细的考虑。

每篇论文应该至少阅读两次。

在阅读一篇论文的时候，评审的主要问题是论文是否包含所有必要的成分,使它成为一个候选人最详细的阅读。

在这些初始轮中，评审的时间是有限制的，所以我们要尽量让每一篇论文得到一个好的评判。

如果一篇论文解决了所有的问题，就会让评审觉得你的模型建立是合理的。

然后评审可能会认为你的论文是值得注意的。

有些论文在初轮评审中可能会得到不太理想的评论。

特别值得注意的是，一篇好的摘要应该要对问题进行简要概述，另外，论文的概述和方法，队员之间应该互相讨论，并且具体的结果应该在某种程度上被阐述或者表达出来。

在早期的几轮中，一些小细节能够有突出的表现，包括目录，它更便于评委看论文，同时在看论文的时候可能会有更高的期待。

问题求解也很重要。

最后，方法和结果要清晰简明的表达是至关重要的。

另外，在每个部分的开始，应该对那个部分进行一个概述。

在竞赛中，建模的过程是很重要的，同时也包括结论的表达。

如果结果没有确切和充分的表达，那么再好的模型和再大努力也是没有用的。

最后的回合最后一轮阅读的第一轮开始于评委会会议。

在这个会议中，评委将进行讨论，他们会分享他们各自认为的问题的关键方面。

2013 竞赛题目
MCM
问题A：
当在矩形平底锅上烘烤食物时，热量集中在四个角，因此食物在四个角上容易烤焦（边上焦的程度较轻一点）。

在圆形平底锅内烘烤时，热量均与地分布于整个外部边缘，食物的边缘部分不会烤焦。

然而，由于大部分烤炉形状为矩形，就利用烤炉中的空间而言，使用圆形平底锅并不是最有效率的做法。

开发一个模型来展现平底锅外边缘热量分布，该平底锅的形状可为矩形或圆形，也可能是其它形状。

假设
1．矩形烤炉长宽比W/L
2．每个平底锅面积为A
3．初始烤炉中的两个架子在空间上平均分布。

开发一模型可用于在下列条件下挑选最佳类型的平底锅（形状）：
1．最大限度提高放入烤炉中的平底锅数量（N）
2．最大限度均匀分布在平底锅上的热量分布（H）
3．最优组合条件（1）和（2），其中指定权值p和（1-p）来解释这些结果如何随W/L和p 的不同值变动。

除了MCM格式化的解决方案，为新的《布朗尼美食家杂志》准备一至两页的广告，表达你的思路。

问题B：水，水，到处都是水
新鲜的水对于世界各地的发展是一个限制性因素。

建立一个数学模型用于决定一个有效、可行且成本效益最大的2013水战略来应对投射出来的2025年水需求[从下列国家中挑选一个国家]，并确认最佳水资源战略。

尤其要注意的是，你的模型必须强调存储量和水的运动；去盐渍及保水。

如果可能的话，使用你的模型来讨论你拟定战略的经济、物理和环境影响。

向政府官员提供一个非技术性意见书，阐述你的方法、可行性和成本，以及你的战略之所以为“最佳水资源战略选择”的原因。

国家：美国，中国，俄国，埃及或沙特阿拉伯。

2013 NationalEnglish ContestforCollegeStudents(LevelC - Final)参考答案及作文评分标准PartIListening Com prehension (30 marks)Section A (5 marks)1—5 ACBBCSection B (10 marks)6—10 CCABA11—15 BCBCASection C (5 marks)16—20 ACBACSection D (10 marks)21.prescription22.drugaddiction23.lenientapproach24.distinguished between25.arelicensed to 26.singletransaction27.Proponents28.legitimate29.campaigns30.therebyPartIIVocabulary and Structure(15 marks)31—35 DBBCB36—40 CABAD41—45 ABACAPartIIICloze(10 marks)46.height47.both48.surprising49.mistakenly50.through51.hungry52.scientific53.Sleepiness54.connection55.evilPartIV Reading Com prehension (40 marks)Section A (10 marks)56.risks57.innocentrmation59.gang60.requestingSection B (10 marks)61.F62.T63.F64.Itprovidesstudentswith an onlinelearningenvironment.65.Theyreceivetheindividualsupportandadvicetheyneedtosucceed in theirstudy.Section C (10 marks)66.enduring 67.starved68.moredramatically69.D70.CSection D (10 marks)71.BecausetheEgyptiansworshipedcatsasholyanimalsandtherewerelawsprotectingthem.72.TheDarkAgesin Europe.1--73.About10 percent.74.猫惯有“巫师的助手”之称。

2013 Contest ProblemsMCM PROBLEMSPROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven.Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced.Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions:1. Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize a combination of conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1- p) are assigned to illustrate how the results vary with different valuesof W/L and p.In addition to your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting your design and results.PROBLEM B: Water, Water, EverywhereFresh water is the limiting constraint for development in much of the world. Build a mathematical model for determining an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient water strategy for 2013 to meet the projected water needs of [pick one country from the list below] in 2025, and identify the best water strategy. In particular, your mathematical model must address storage andmovement; de-salinization; and conservation. If possible, use your model to discuss the economic, physical, and environmental implications of your strategy. Provide a non-technical position paper to governmental leadership outlining your approach, its feasibility and costs, and why it is the “best water strategy choice.”Countries: United States, China, Russia, Egypt, or Saudi Arabia。

Problem c:背景：社会正致力于运用和开发模型来预测地球的生物和环境情况。

很多科学研究总结了逐渐增长的地球环境和生物系统压力，但很少有人用全球范围的模型来检测这些观点。

联合国发表的千年生态系统评估综合报告发现：近三分之二的地球生命支持生态系统——包括净水，洁净的空气，稳定的气候——正在因非可持续性使用而逐渐衰减。

其中大部分破坏归咎于人类行为。

暴增的对于食物，淡水，燃料，木材的需求导致了剧烈的环境变化；从森林砍伐到空气，土壤和水污染。

尽管已存在大量关于局部习惯和地区因素的研究，目前的模型还不能告知决定人他们的局部策略是如何影响整个地球的健康的。

许多模型忽略了复杂的全球因素，这些模型无法判断重大政策的长期影响。

尽管科学家们意识到巨大环境和生物系统中存在的复杂关系和交叉作用，当前的模型通常忽略这些管理或限定了系统间的影响。

系统的复杂性体现在多元交互（多个元素的相关性），反馈，突发行为，即将发生的状态变化或触发点。

最近的自然杂志中一篇由22位国际知名科学家撰写的题为“迫近地球生物圈的状态变化”的文章讨论了许多有关科学模型对于预测行星健康系统潜在状态变化的重要性与必需性。

文章提供了两种具体定性的模型，并寻求更好的预测模型：1）通过在全球模型中加入相关系统的复杂性（包括局部情况对全球系统的影响，反之亦然）来优化生物状态预测。

2）辨别不同因素在产生非健康全球状态变化中的作用并展示如何运用有效的生态系统管理来预防或限制这些即将发生的状态变化。

研究最终归结于问题：我们是否能利用全球健康的局部或地区性组成部分预测潜在状态变化来帮助决策者制定基于对全球健康状况潜在影响的，有效的策略。

尽管有越来越多的警示信号出现，没人知道地球是否确实在接近全球性的转折点（极端状态），这种极端的状态是否是不可避免的。

自然杂志等研究指出了地球生态系统中的一些重要工作元素。

（例如：局部因素，全球变化，多维元素与关系，变化的时间与空间范围）。

2013 National English Contest for College Students(Level C - Preliminary)(总分：150分答题时间：120分钟)Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a twenty-second pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.1.Why didn’t the man go to see Macbeth last week?A.He didn’t manage to get a ticket.B.He had to attend a conference.C.He had a better production to watch.2.What does “Fill Me In” refer to in this conversation?A. A type of upgraded mobile phone.B. A well-selling magazine.C. A writer’s new book series.3.Why doesn’t the woman like the bag?A.She doesn’t like the pattern.B.It’s not easy to carry.C.It’s too big for her.4.What makes a bad CV according to the man?A.Fake information.B. Terrible writing.C. Undesirable length.5.How will Cathy continue her Spanish learning?A.She’s going to make a friend in Spain.B.She’ll communicate with a Spanish friend in Spain.C.She’ll practice speaking Spanish with an English friend.Section B (10 marks)In this section, you will hear two long conversation. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.Conversation One6.What traffic accident are the speakers talking about?A. A kid was knocked down by a car.B.Two cars crashed into a shop.C. A car ran into a wrong place.7.Why did the accident happen according the woman?A.There were many shops around.B.The crossing is in a wrong place.C.There was no crossing here.8.Which of the following is the suggestion they made?A.More traffic lights should be installed.B. A speed camera should be mounted.C.More policemen should patrol that area.9.Where, as the woman mentioned, has got improved traffic?A.Her own neighborhood.B.Her big brother’s neighborhood.C.Her parents’ neighborhood.10.How was the man punished for his traffic offence?A.He was fined 100 pounds with extra penalty points.B.He had to pay 150 pounds and got 6 penalty points.C.He finally paid 600 pounds without any penalty points.Conversation Two11.Why is the expert opposed to the view that memory aids make your memory worse?A.There is no evidence showing that memory aids are invalid.B.Human beings’ brain functions mainly through memory aids in an effective way.C.Memory aids encourage an organized approach which helps the brain functioneffectively.12.What is interview’s attitude towards the idea that visual image help the memoryA.It is hard to believe.B.It is nothing strange.C.It is obviously nonsense.13.Who developed the system of memory aids centuries ago?A.Inhabitants on an isolated island.B.The Ancient Greeks.C. A great psychologists.14.How does mapping out notes affect the brain?A.It is helpful in reflecting the way people link information in the brain.B.It prevents people from arranging things logically.C.It makes people’s brain f unction the opposite way.15.What tends to affect people’s ability to think clearly?A.Upbringing and innate differences.B.Worry and anxiety.C.Their aptitudes.Section C (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short news items. After each item, which will be read only once, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B andC, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.16.How can social media influence the presidential election in the USA according to thelatest research?A.It can help voters to choose their president.B.It can help to ensure the fairness of the elections.C.It can help to increase the number of voters.17.What honorary title has Yaya Toure been granted?A.The African Player of the Year.B.212 Star of the Confederation of African Football.C.The Ivory Coast star.18.Why did Reshma Saujani set up the organization “Girls Who Code”?A.To raise women’s status in the field of science.B.To improve girls’ aptitude and performance in STEM.C.To arouse girls’ interest in science and technology.19.Which tablet computer’s hardware inside is more powerful?A.The CNET Kum.B. The Google Nexus 7.C. The Apple iPad mini.20.What does the company announce that it can do for the United States?A.It can reduce the amount of plastic waste.B.It can help to recycle the plastic waste.C.It can increase the amount of exports.Section D (10 marks)In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are 10 missing words or phrases. Fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. The passage will be read twice. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.If you (21) ____ smooth skin that glows with youth, the chances are that at some point you will have heard the exhortation to drink lots of water in order to (22) ____ those evil toxins and keep your skin healthy.The exact amount people suggest varies. US – based advice (23) ____ eight glasses a day, while in hotter climates people are advised to drink to more to (24) ____ higher rates of sweating. But regardless of the exact volume of water suggested, the principle behind the advice remains the same --- taking extra water on board will keep your skin hydrated. In other words, water acts like a moisturizer, but from the inside out.This is such a common idea you might be surprised at the (25) ____ to back up. You might expect there to be countless studies where people are (26) ____ two groups, one assigned to sip water all day, the other to drink a normal amount. Then the smoothness of the skin could be (27) ____ a month or so later to establish whether sipping more lead to smoother skin.In fact such studies are rare, partly because water can’t be patented, so it is hard to find anyone to fund such research when there will be no new (28) ____ or cosmetic to sell that could repay the costs. A review by the dermatologist Ronni Wolf at the Kaplan Medical Center in Israel found just one study looking at the effect of long-term water intake on the skin. But the resultswere (29) ____. After four weeks, the group who drank mineral water showed a decrease in skin density, which some believe suggests the skin is retaining more moisture, while those who drank tap water showed an increase in skin density. But regardless of the type of water they drank, it made no difference to their (30) ____ or to the smoothness of their skin.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (15 marks)There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.31. The new star said to the journalists that she _C___ the opportunity to show that she could playa serious film role.A. greetedB. rejoicedC. welcomedD. cheered32. We haven’t really __D__ a solution to the problem yet, which makes the boss really frustrated.A. built upB. fallen back onC. brought overD. come up with33. Personally, I am __C__ banning cigarette smoking completely, especially in public areas.A. in touch withB. apart fromC. in favor ofD. regardless of34. Until a firm agreement has been reached, I am not __C__ to accepting the offer.A. accustomedB. dedicatedC. committedD. entitled35. The government is making every effort to __B__ an economic crisis, but it seems nothing could help.A. eliminateB. avertC. impedeD. swerve36. __B__ a serious crime, what exactly should you do?A. Unless you witnessB. If you were to witnessC. If only you witnessD. since you witness37. During examinations candidates are always supposed to stay in seats, keep their eyes on the work, _A___ to anyone.A. and not speakB. but could not speakC. rather than speakD. instead of speaking38. Realizing that he hadn’t got enough money and _D___ to borrow any from his parents, he decided to sell his house.A. wanted notB. not to wantC. wanting notD. not wanting39. There’s no point waiting here any longer. We _C___ go and have something to eat.A. can hardlyB. are bound toC. might as wellD. will have to40. While many people may refer to up-to-minute news, it is unlikely that television and the Internet _A___ the newspapers completely.A. will replaceB. replaceC. are replacingD. have replaced41. She married a very nice young architect from Belfast, _A___ she met on a bus during her journey to Northern Ireland.A. whoB. whenC. whichD. where42. It is a kind of illness that can result in total blindness if __D__A. to leave untreatedB. is left untreatedC. leaving untreatedD. left untreated43. ----I’m so disappointed with my son! He just wouldn’t practice the piano!----Take it easy. You can lead ___B_ to water, but you can’t make it drink.A. a duckB. a horseC. a cowD. a dog44. ----Good morning, Madam! I’d like some information about the course.----Certainly. _B___A.I’m afraid I don’t know more than you either.B.Is there anything I can do for you?C.What exactly would you like to know?D.How much information did you know?45. ---- How do you feel about countries that don’t try to reduce global warming?---- __A__, those countries care more about money than saving the planet.A.As far as I’m concernedB. It’s none of our busi nessC. We’re not to blameD. Things are under controlPart III Cloze (10 marks)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the correct word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letters of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.According to recent surveys, 72% of all Americans believe that the United States government is (46) hiding____ information about UFOs. Almost 68% of people think that the government has secret knowledge of extraterrestrial life. It is not (47) _surprising__ (surprise) that the government has come under more and more (48) pressure____ to declassify its UFO records and make them public. A variety of different groups have been involved in these efforts.One group to become involved is called CFI, the Coalition for Freedom of Information, John Podesta, who was White House Chief of Staff during Bill Clinton’s (49)presidency____(president), is one of the many high-powered people active in this group. CFI’s aim is not to prove the (50) _existence___(exist) of extraterrestrial life, but to make it easier for scientists in general to study unexplained aerial phenomena. Podesta and his group has asked the Pentagon to declassify its UFO records and therefore provide scientists (51) with____ data that will help in the study of UFOs.CFI has requested the release of information on several UFO cases, starting with the Kecksburg, Pennsylvania, incident. This incident took (52) __place__ in 1965 when a large acorn-shaped object, the size of a small car, crashed in Pennsylvania. Some analysts say it could have been the spacecraft Kosmos 96 that had been launched towards Venus by the Soviet Union, but failed to escape Earth’s (53) gravity____. Others say the object did not look anything like spacecraft built on Earth in 1965.(54) Additionally___, the people of Kecksburg want to know what happened. On that (55) afternoon____, hundreds of eyewitnesses watched a fiery streak of light descend from the sky towards Earth. Officials explained that nothing was found or recovered and that maybe the fireball in the sky was a meteor. But many witnesses say they saw a number of military personnel from the Army and the Air Force search the woods, and later that evening, saw a large militarytractor-trailer coming from the area carrying a large object under a tarp.Part IV Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by several questions. Respond to the questions using information from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Section A (10 marks)Questions 56-60 are based on the following passage.The average automatic teller machine (ATM) is not very smart. It will give money to anyone who has the right card and punches four or five keys in the right order. Some analysts estimate that as many as 30% of ATM transaction worldwide are cases of theft. To increase security at cash machines, some banks have tried to make their ATMs a little smarter. A small camera on the machine looks directly into the eye of every customer. It scans one iris and compares the tiny patterns of ridges, dots, and other features to a code in its computer. If there is a match, the ATM will start counting out cash. If not, a message is automatically sent to the nearest police station.Iris-scanning is one fast-growing form of biometric identification --- determining who someone is by examining features the body. One of the earliest biometric techniques was fingerprinting. The line on fingerprints are unique to each person, so not even identical twins have the same fingerprints. Fingerprinting has become famous as a way of finding out who committed a crime, but it very often fails. A careful criminal can swear gloves, avoid touching thing, or even alter his fingerprints by burning, cutting, or scraping them. In the search for a more reliable system, security experts have focused on the eye.Like a fingerprint, every iris is, for all practical purposes, unique. Each person’s right iris is even different from his or her left one. A low-cost digital camera, like the kind installed at ATM machines, can easily detect hundreds of different features in the iris. The chance of two irises having the same features is close to zero. Tests have shown that iris-scanners are very hard to fool. They can tell the difference between a real iris and a false one. They can see right through colored contact lenses, eyeglasses, and even mirrored sunglasses. Although many criminal are willing to burn or cut their fingers in pursuit of the perfect crime, few would be willing or able to alter their irises.T o make iris-scanning work, a computerized database has to match certain iris features with certain people. This means that each A TM customer has to allow a bank to photograph his or her iris and keep that highly personal information in a computer. Some people have worried, however, that an increased use of iris-scanning will lead to a dangerous loss of privacy. By mountingiris-scan cameras in public places, governments could track a private citizen all day long without the person’s knowledge. This would be a great advantage to the police, but it could also give corrupt officials a new way to control their opponents. The military’s development of tiny robots suggests that government iris-scanners could even invade private homes!Questions 56-60Complete the summary with words from the passage, changing the form where necessary, with only one word for each blank.Section B (10 marks)Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.Seed catalogues feature hundreds of flowering species. For the persons just beginning garden this can be bewildering, and below are the details of some popular choices, nearly all of which should be sown in the spring. With the exception of busy lizzies, which need a little care, they are all very easy to grow from seed.DahliasThese are sturdy plants bearing showy flowers in a wide range of rather gaudy colors. Sow in a frame in April and plant the seedlings out when frosts are over. Dahlias flower throughout the summer and into the autumn. When autumn frosts begin to make them look unhappy, you should dig up the tuberous roots and save them. A frost -free loft, shed or garage is the ideal place. The following spring you plant the tubers instead of sowing seed again.LupinsLupins are hardy perennials. This means that the plants will stay in your garden and carry on flowering year after year. Seed sown in April will usually give you some spikes of colors in the first summer, and year by year the plants get bigger and the flowering stems get taller and grander. Selective breeding has led to the introduction of some fine, bicolored varieties in some dazzling shades. The short -lived flowers make a real misunderstanding spectacle.Busy lizziesLike dahlias, busy lizzies need to be started offunder glass, as they cannot stand frost, and pantingout is best done in May. Outdoor flowering ends inSeptember, so beat the frosts and bring your favoritespecimens indoors to give your home some sintercolor! Indoors they will carry on floweringindefinitely, though you may like to plant them outagain when spring returns. Like pansies (below) they do very well in sun or shade, but the soil must be moist. Most varieties grow to be a height of only 20 cm or so.PotentillasPotentillas are hardy shrubs. In other words, the woody branches spring from groundlevel—there is no central trunk. Seed is probably best sown in autumn, in which case you should keep the plants in a sheltered spot until April offers favorable conditions for planting out. Once flowering begins in early summer the best varieties (such as Melton Fire) will stay in bloomATM transactions are often cases of theft, where an unauthorized user takes (56) __money_. To decrease insecurity, some banks have installed iris -scanning machines at ATMs. These small cameras scan the user’s iris, recording its features and (57) _comping___ them to a digital file. Every person has a (58) _ unique ___ iris, making iris identification highly reliable. Earlier efforts at biometric identification often relied on fingerprints. However, fingerprints can easily be (59) altered____ through cutting, burning or scrapping. Iris scanners are so effective that they can even see through contact lenses and mirrored sunglasses. Use of iris scanners would provide great advantages to the police. However, others worry about a loss of (60) ____.almost ceaselessly for years on end while at the same time spreading out to provide ground cover or a low hedge.PansiesPansies have a good long flowering season year after year, and some varieties can be sown in spring to give truly splendid results the first autumn. Unlike dahlias and lupins, which can easily grow a meter tall, pansies grow no higher than 10 or 20 cm. Their soil, position and moisture requirements are just like those of busy lizzies but pansies differ in being hardy. Give them a try!Questions 61-63Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.61. Both dahlias and lupins, which are sown in April, need protecting from frost.62. Brought indoors in autumn, dahlias, busy lizzies and potentillas will carry on flowering almost non-stop.63. Among all the flowers busy lizzies are not very easy to grow from seed.Section C (10 marks)Questions 66-70 are based on the following passage.When looking for love, people may go to some extreme lengths. They might go on blind dates set up by family and friends. They might write personal ads to place in newspapers. Or they might use a computer to help them in their search for a soul mate by joining an online dating services. Some people have even tried to find their perfect match through game shows on television. Many of these TV dating shows, including The Bachelor and Who Wants to Marry a Millionaire? have proved to be ratings blockbusters, with millions of viewers watching each week to find out which of the contestants will find true love.Of all these game shows, perhaps the one with the most unexpected ending was Mr. Right, which was shown in England in 2002. On the show, a bachelor, thirty-five-year-old Lance Gerrard-Wright, dated fifteen women to find the one who was his ideal partner. The host of the show was Ulrika Johnson, an English celerity originally from Sweden. For seven weeks on the show, Gerrard-Wright took turns going on dates with each of the women, taking them to expensive restaurants and exotic locations. He even met the women’s families and introduced them to his own. Then at the end of each episode, he would choose between one and three of the contestants with whom he had felt the least compatible, and say goodbye to them.At one point during the series, one contestant volunteered to leave because she said she didn’t find him attractive. After two dates she said she had had enough, and she couldn’t see it working. “He wasn’t my cup of tea.” In another episode the woman he was on a date with burst into tears when he called her by another contestant’s name. “You called me by another girl’s name. I can’t believe you did that. I really liked you,” she sobbed.But in the final episode, the woman he eventually chose decided she didn’t want to marry him after all. “I think you’ve chosen me because you have to choose someone,” she said. Maybe this was because she already knew he had fallen in love---with the show’s host!After leaving the show, Gerrard-Wright and Johnson were seen dining together and attending parties around London more and more often. Finally, on May 1, 2003, Gerrard-Wright proposed to Johnson on the steps of St. Paul’s Cathedral. And she accepted his proposal right away, although it was a conditional acceptance. Johnson has two children from previous relationships—aneight-year-old son, Cameron, and a two-year-old daughter, Bo. She had to make sure that they agreed to the marriage. Luckily, they did. Gerrard-Wright said, “In the end the show did work for me. I grabbed an opportunity to get a girlfriend and I did. Ulrika’s gorgeous.”Questions 66-68Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage in a maximum of 2 words for each blank.66. Lance Gerrard-Wright went to ____ to go on the show Mr. Right in order to find his perfect match.67. On the show, Lance had the opportunity to date many gorgeous women among whom there might be one that he was almost ____.68. Ulrika accepted Lance’s proposal ____ that her children agreed to their marriage as well. Questions 69-70Choose the best answer according to the passage.69. Which of the following did NOT happen on the show?A. Lance went on dates with several women.B. The candidates went to some very good restaurants.C. Ulrika consulted her parents before she made her decision.D. The women met Lance’s family.70. What happened after seven weeks of doing the show?A. All of the women found their beloved.B. Lance started to date with the show’s host.C. One of the women on the show couldn’t help crying.D. Ulrika asked Lance to marry her.Section D (10 marks)Questions 71-75 are based on the following passage.Alaska is disappearing slowly but surely. Since the 1950s, it is estimated that as much as 15 percent of Alaska’s area has disappeared. But how can a whole state be disappearing?One reason for Alaska’s gradual disappearance is the melting its glaciers. According to one geologist at the US Geological Survey, about 98 percent of Alaska’s glaciers are either unmoving or diminishing. This diminishing seems mainly due to the increase in global temperatures. Since the 1960s, the average year-round temperature has increased by 5℉. Furthermore, the average winter temperature has increased by 8℉. Presently, an estimated 24 cubic miles of ice is disappearing from Alaskan glaciers every year. It may be even more in the near future, as some scientists predict that the average world temperature could go up 2.5 to 10℉by the year 2010.Another problem contributing to Alaska’s gradual disappearance is its permafrost. (74) Much of the land in Alaska was permanently frozen, or frozen for most of the year, thus maintaining its integrity. Now, the thawing permafrost is causing a number of problems on land. Roads and utility poles are collapsing. Also, the hard permafrost which originally prevented beaches from eroding during violent storms is now melting. Affected villages are forced to relocate. For villages on small low islands, one terrible storm could wipe out the entire community.The melting permafrost and increasing temperature are also having a negative impact on the forests of Alaska. As the permafrost under the forests melts, insects that normally don’t turn upuntil the warmer seasons are appearing sooner. The spruce-bark beetle, for example, is increasing in numbers as a result of global warming. It usually takes about two years for these beetles to grow and reproduce in a very cold weather. However, due to the increase in temperatures, spruce-bark beetles are damaging as many trees in one year as they previously damaged in two. At this rate, Alaska’s forest won’t survive the turn of the century.Some scientists believe that human activity is linked to a global increase in weather temperature. Whether the rising temperature are caused by human activity or natural changes, the fact remains that Alaska is warming. Some others argue that global warming may be a normal trend on the Earth’s temperature chart. (75) One theory argues that we are near the end of aso-called “Little Ice Age”, and the return of the glaciers is natural result of this cycle. Whether natural or produced by humans, there is little hope for the immediate future of glaciers as we know them. Horribly, this could be a preview of what will happen to the rest of the world in the next century.Questions 71-73Answer the following questions briefly according to the passage.71. What are disappearing in Alaska actually?72. How much ice is melting each year according to the survey?73. Why do insects damage more trees than before?Questions 74-75Translate the underlined sentences in the passage into Chinese.74. Much of the land in Alaska was permanently frozen, or frozen for most of the year, thus maintaining its integrity75. One theory argues that we are near the end of a so-called “Little Ice Age”, and the return of the glaciers is natural result of this cycle. Whether natural or produced by humans, there is little hope for the immediate future of glaciers as we know them.Part V Translation (10 marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the hints given in brackets. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.76. 宴会时间就要到了，但她仍纠结于是否应该去。

Teams (Student or Advisor) are now required to submit an electronic copy (summary sheet and solution) of their solution paper by email too solutions@ as a Word or PDF attachment. Your email MUST be received at COMAP by the submission deadline of 8:00 PM EST, February 4, 2013.Subject lineCOMAP your control numberExample: COMAP 11111Click here to download a PDF of the complete contest instructions.Click here to download a copy of the Summary Sheet in Microsoft Word format. *Be sure to change the control number and problem selected before printing out the page.Teams are free to choose between MCM Problem A, MCM Problem B or ICM Problem C.COMAP Mirror Site: For more in:/undergraduate/contests/mcm/MCM: The Mathematical Contest in ModelingICM: The Interdisciplinary Contest in Modeling2013 Contest ProblemsMCM PROBLEMSPROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient withrespect to using the space in an oven.Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced.Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions:1. Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize a combination of conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1- p) are assigned to illustrate how the results vary with different values of W/L and p.In addition to your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting your design and results.当用矩形锅烘烤时，热集中在4个角落，食物就会在角落里被过度烘焙。

2013 Contest Problems
MCM PROBLEMS
今天美赛成绩也出来了，想起去年年前在学校准备竞赛的苦日子，心里也算有了一丝丝的安慰。

这是去年竞赛时候学校请的两位美女外援英语老师帮忙做的题目翻译。

贡献出来了，呵呵，不能埋没了她们的才华。

——francis_hao
A题：
用矩形的烤盘烤东西，盘子四角加热不均，容
用圆形盘子烤东西，热量分配均匀，食物的边缘不容易被烤焦。

但是，大多数的烤箱都是矩形的，使用圆形的盘子没有将烤箱的空间充分的利用
建模型：分别说明矩形、圆形和其他介于两者之间形状的盘子在热量分布上的区别
假设：
1.烤箱的长宽比是W/L
2.盘子的面积是A
3.烤箱中的两个架子是平均分布的。

建模型：按照以下条件，选择最优形状
1、在满足烤箱大小的限度下使盘子数量N最大化
2、使盘子均匀受热最大化
3、将1和2结合，说明W/L以及p的变化对结果有什么影响
B题
淡水资源对于世界上大多国家都是限制性的资源。

建一个数学模型确定2013年一个有效、可行、成本低的水利战略，满足2025年的水需求，并制定最好的水利战略（国家如下表）。

数学模型必须能存储、运输、去盐碱化和利于保存。

如果可能，你的模型会讨论水利战略关于经济、物理上以及对环境的后果。

给政府领导提供一个非技术性论文概括你的方法，包括可行性、花销以及此方法是最优水利战略的原因。

国家：美国、中国、俄罗斯、埃及、沙特阿拉伯。

1985 年美国大学生数学建模竞赛MCM 试题1985年MCM:动物种群选择合适的鱼类和哺乳动物数据准确模型。

模型动物的自然表达人口水平与环境相互作用的不同群体的环境的重要参数,然后调整账户获取表单模型符合实际的动物提取的方法。

包括任何食物或限制以外的空间限制,得到数据的支持。

考虑所涉及的各种数量的价值,收获数量和人口规模本身,为了设计一个数字量代表的整体价值收获。

找到一个收集政策的人口规模和时间优化的价值收获在很长一段时间。

检查政策优化价值在现实的环境条件。

1985年MCM B:战略储备管理钴、不产生在美国,许多行业至关重要。

(国防占17%的钴生产。

1979年)钴大部分来自非洲中部,一个政治上不稳定的地区。

1946年的战略和关键材料储备法案需要钴储备,将美国政府通过一项为期三年的战争。

建立了库存在1950年代,出售大部分在1970年代初,然后决定在1970年代末建立起来,与8540万磅。

大约一半的库存目标的储备已经在1982年收购了。

建立一个数学模型来管理储备的战略金属钴。

你需要考虑这样的问题:库存应该有多大?以什么速度应该被收购?一个合理的代价是什么金属?你也要考虑这样的问题:什么时候库存应该画下来吗?以什么速度应该是画下来吗?在金属价格是合理出售什么?它应该如何分配?有用的信息在钴政府计划在2500万年需要2500万磅的钴。

美国大约有1亿磅的钴矿床。

生产变得经济可行当价格达到22美元/磅(如发生在1981年)。

要花四年滚动操作,和thsn六百万英镑每年可以生产。

1980年,120万磅的钴回收,总消费的7%。

1986 年美国大学生数学建模竞赛MCM 试题1986年MCM A:水文数据下表给出了Z的水深度尺表面点的直角坐标X,Y在码(14数据点表省略)。

深度测量在退潮。

你的船有一个五英尺的草案。

你应该避免什么地区内的矩形(75200)X(-50、150)?1986年MCM B:Emergency-Facilities位置迄今为止,力拓的乡牧场没有自己的应急设施。

2013 Contest ProblemsMCM PROBLEMSPROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven.Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced.Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions:1. Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize a combination of conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1- p) are assigned to illustrate how the results vary with different valuesof W/L and p.In addition to your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting your design and results.终极蛋糕烤箱当用矩形烤盘烘焙时，热量集中在4个角落，在角落的食物容易被烤糊（边上的热量较少），在一个圆形烤盘上，热量均匀的分布在盘的整个边缘，而且分布在边缘的食物不会被过度加热。

2013 National English Contest forCollege Students(Level C – Preliminary)(总分：150分时间：120分钟)Part I listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once .After each conversation, there will be a twenty-second pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer .Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.1.Why did n’t the man go to see Macbeth last week ?A.He didn’t manage to get a ticket.B.He had to attend a conference.C.He had a better production to match.2.What does “Fill Me In” refer to in this conversation?A.A type of upgraded mobile phone.B. A well-selling magazine.C. A writer’s new book series.3.Why does n’t the woman like bag?A.She doesn’t like the pattern.B.It’s not easy to carry.C. A writer’s new book series.4.What makes a bad CV according to the man?A. Fake informationB. Terrible writingC. Undesirable length5. How will Cathy continue her Spanish learning/A. She’s going to make a friend in Spain.B. She’ll communicate with a Spanish friend in Spanish.C. She’ll practice speaking Spanish with an English friend.Section B (10 marks)In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the questions and the three choices marked A, Band C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centreConversation One6. What traffic accident are the apeaker talking about?A. A kid was knocked down by a carB. Two cars crashed into a shopC. A car ran into a wrong place7. Why did the accident happen according to the woman?A. There were many shops aroundB. The crossing is in a wrong placeC. There was no crossing there8. Which of the following is the suggestion they made?A. More traffic lights should be installedB. A speed camera should be mountedC. More policeman should patrol that area9. Where was the woman mentioned , has got improved traffic?A. Her own neighbourhoodB. Her big brother’s neighbourhoodC. Her parents’ neighbourhood10. How was the man punished for his traffic offence?A. He was fined 100 ponds with extra penalty pointsB. He had to pay 150 pounds and got 6 penalty pointsC. He finally paid 600 pounds without any penalty pointsConversation Two11. Why is the expert opposed to the view that memory aids make your memory wrose?A. There is no evidence showing that memory aids are invalidB. Human beings’ brain functions mainly through memory aids in an effective wayC. Memory aids encourage an organised approach which helps yhe brain unctioneffectively12. What is the interviewer’s attitude towards the idea visual images help the memory?A. It is hard to believeB. It is nothing strangeC. It is obvious nonsense13. Who developed the system of memory aids centuries ago?A. Inhabitants on an isolated islandB. The Ancient GreeksC. A great psychologist14. How does mapping out notes affect the brain?A. It is helpful in reflecting the way people link information in the brainB. It prevents people from arranging things logicallyC. It makes people’s brain function the opposite way15. What tends to affects people’s ability to link clearly?A. Upbringing and innate differencesB. Worry and anxietyC. Their aptitudeSection C (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short news items. After each item, which will be read only once, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.16. How can social media influence the presidential elections in the USA according to thelatest research?A. It can help voters choose their presidentB. It can help to ensure the fairness of the clectionsC. It can help to increase the number of voters17. What honorary title ha Yaya Toure been granted?A. The African Player of the YearB. 2012 Star of the Confederation of African FootballC. the Ivory Coast star18. Why did Reshma Saujni set up the organization “ Girls Who Code”?A. to raise women’s status in the field of scienceB. To improved girls’ aptitude and performance in STEMC. To arouse girls’ interest in science and technology19. Which tablet computer’s hardware inside is more powerful?A. The CNET KunB. he Google Nexus 7C. The Apple iPad Mini20. What does the company announce that it can do for the United States?A. It can reduce the amount of plastic wasteB. It can help to rely the plastic wasteC. It can increase the amount of oil exportsSection D (10 marks)In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are 10 missing words or phrases. Fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. The passage will be read twice. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.If you (21)_______smooth skin that glows with youth, the chances are that at some point you will have heard the exhortation to drink lost ofwater in order to(22)_______those evil toxins andkeep your skin healthy.The exact amount people suggest varies.US-based advice advice (23)_______eight glass aday, while in hotter climates people are advised todrink more to (24)______higher rates of sweating.But regardless of the exact volume of watersuggested, the principle behind the advice remains the same-taking extra water on board will keep your skin hydrated. In other words , water acts like a moisturizer , but from the inside out.This is such a common idea you might be surprised at the (25)______to back up. You might expect there to be countless studies where people are(26)_________two groups , one assigned to sip water all day , the other to drink a normal amount . Then the smoothness of the skin could be (27)______a month or so later establish whether sipping more led to smoother skin.In fact such studies are rare, partly because water can’t be patented , so it is hard to find anyone to fund such research when there will be no new (28)_______or cosmetic to sell that could repay the cost . A review by the dermatologist Ronni Wolf at the Kaplan Centre in Israel found just one study looking at the effect of long-term water intake on the skin. But the result were (29)________. After four weeks , the group who drink extra mineral water showed a decrease I nskin density , which some believe suggests skin is retaining more moisture , while those who frank tap water showed an increase in skin density. But regardless of the type of water they drank , it made no difference to their (30)_______or to the smoothness of their skin.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (15 marks)There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.31. The new star said to the journalists that she _________the opportunity to show she could play a serious film role .A. greetedB. rejoicedC. welcomeD. cheered32. We haven’t really ________a solution to the problem yet, which makes the boss really frustrated.A. built upB. fallen back onC. brought overD. come up with33. Personally , I am ______banning cigarette smoking completely , especially in public areas .A. in touch withB. apart fromC. in favor ofD. regardless of34. Until a firm agreement has been reached, I am not ____to accepting the offer.A. accustomedB. dedicatedC. committedD. entitled35.The government is making every effort to ________an economic crisis , but it seemsnothing could help.A. eliminateB. avertC. impedeD. swerve36. _________a serious crime, what exactly should you do?A. Unless you witnessB. If you were to witnessC. If only you witnessD. Since you witness37. During examinations candidates are always supposed to stay in seats , keep their eyes onthe work, _________to anyone.A. and not speakB. but could not speakC. rather than speak C. instead of speaking38. Realising that he hadn’t got enough money and _________to borrow any feom parents , he decided to sell his house.A. wanted notB. not to wantC. wanting notD. not wanting39. There’s o point waiting here any longer. we ______ go and have something to eat .A. can hardlyB. are bound toC. might as wellD. will have to40.While many people any refer to up-to-minute news , it is unlikely television and the internet _______the Northern Ireland .A. will replaceB. replaceC. are replacingD. have replaced41. She married a very nice young architect from Belfast, _______she met on a bus during her journey to Northern Ireland.A. whoB. whenC. whichD. where42. It is a kind of illness that can result in total blindness if __________.A. to leave untreatedB. is left untreatedC. leaving untreatedD. left untreated43.-----I’m so disappointed with my son ! He just wouldn’t practice piano!-----Take it easy . You can lead ______to water , but you can’t make it drink.A. a duckB. a horseC. a cowD. a dog44. ----Good morning , madam! I’d like some information about the course.A. I’m afraid I don’t know more than you editorB. Is there anything I can do for you?C. What exactly would you like to know?D. How much information did you know?45. ----How do you feel about countries that don’t try to reduce global waring ?----__________, those countries care more about money than saving the planet.A. As far as I’m concernedB. It’s none of our businessC. We’re not to blameD. Things are under controlPart III Cloze (10 marks)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the correct word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letters of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.According to recent surveys, 72% of all Americans believe that the United States governments is (46)_________information about UFOs . Almost 68% of people think that thegovernment has secret knowledge of extraterrestrial life. It is not (47) ___________(surprise) that the government has come under more and more (48)__________to declassify its UFO records and make them public. A variety of different groups have been involved in these efforts.One group become involved is called CFI, the Coalition for Information . John Podesta , who was White House Chief of Staff during Bill Clinton’s (49)___________(president), is one of the many high-powered people active in this group . CFI’s aim is not to prove (50)__________(exist) of extraterrestrial life , but to take it easier for scientists in general to study unexplained aerial phenomena . Podesta and his group have asked the Pentagon to declassify its UFO records and therefore provide scientist (51)_________data that will help in the study UFOs.CFI has requested the of information on several UFO cases , staring with the Kecksburg , Pennsylvania , incident . This incident took(52)_____________in 1965 when a large acornshaped object , the size of a small ca , crashed in Pennsyivania . Some analysts say it could have been the apacecraft Ksomos 96 that had been lauched towards Venus by the Soviet Union , but failed to spacecraft Earth’s (53)g_________. Others say the oject didi not look anything like spacecraft built on Erath in 1965.(54)Add ___________, the people of Kecksburg want to know what happed .On that(55) af________________, hundreds of eyewitness watched a fiery streak of light descend from the sky towards Earth . Officials explained that nothing was found or recovered and that maybe the fireball in the sky was a metor . But many witness say they saw a number of military personnel from the Army and the Air Force search the woods , and later that evening , saw a large military tractor-tralier coming from the area carrying a large object under a trap.Part IV Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. Respond to the questions using information from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Section A (10 marks)Questions 56—60 are based on the following passage.The average automatic teller machine (ATM) is not very smart . It will give money to anyone who has the right card and punches four or ive keys in the right order . Some analysts estimate that as many 30% of ATM trasactions wordwide are case of theft . To increase security at cash manches , some banks have tried to make their ATMs a little smarts . A small camera on the manches loks directly into the eye of every customer . It scans one iris and compares the tiny patterns of ridges , dots , and other features to a code in its computer .If there is a match , the ATM will start counting out cash . If not, a message is automatically sent to the nearest police station.Iris-scanning is one fast-growing form of biomentric identification-determining who someone is by examing features of the body. One of the earliest biometric techniques was fingerprinting. The lines on fingertips are unique to each person , so not even identical twins have the same fingerprints. Fingerprinting has become famous as a way of finding out whocommitted a crime , but it very often fails .A careful criminal can wear gloves , avoid touching things , or even alter his fingerprints by burning , cutting , or scraping them . In the search for a more reliable system , security experts have focused on the eye.Like a fingerprint, every iris is , for all practical perpos e , unque .Each person’s right iris is even different from hie or er left one . A low-cost digital camera , like the kind installed at ATM machines , can easily detect hundreds of different features in the iris. The chance of two irises having the same features is close to zero. Test have shown that iris-scanners are very hard fool. They can tell the difference between a real iris and a false ne. They can see right through coloured contact lenses, eyeglasses , and even mirroed sunglasses .Although many criminals are willing to burn or cut their fingers in pursuit of the perfect crime ,few would be willing or able to alter their irises.To make iris-scanning work, a computerized database has to match certain iris featyres with certain people.This means that each ATM customer has to allow a bank to photograph his or her iris and keep that highly personal information in a computer .Some people have worried, however ,that a increased use of iris-scanning will lead to a dangerous loss of privacy. By mounting iris-scan cameras in public places, governments could track a private citizen all day long without the person’s knowledge .This would be a great advantage to the police ,but it could also give corrupt officials a new way to control their opponents. The military’s development of tiny robots suggests that government iris-scanners could even invade private homes!Questions 56—60Conplete the summary with words from the message , changing the form where necessary , with only one word for each blank.ATM transactions are often cases of theft, where an unauthorized user takes(56)________.To decrease insecurity , some banks have installed iris-scanning machines at ATMs. These small cameras scan the user’s iris, recording its features and(57)________them to a digital file Every person has a (58)________iris, making iris identificationnhighly reliable . Earlier efforts at biometric identification often relied on fingerprints. However, fingerprints can easily be(59)________through cutting , burning or scraping . Iris scanners are so effective that they can even see through contact lenses and mirrored sunglasses. Use of iris scanners would provide great advantages to the police . However , others worry about a loss of (60)___________.Section B (10 marks)Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.Seed catalogues feature hundreds of different flowering species. For the person just beginning a garden this can be bewildering ,and below are the details of some popular choices, nearly all of which should be sown in the spring . With the exception of busy lizzies , which need a little car, they are all very easy to grow from seed.DahliasThese are sturdy plants bearing showy flowers in a wide range of rather gaudy colours .Sow in a frame in April and plant the seedling out when frosts are over . Dahlias flowerthroughout the summer and into the autumn .When autumn frosts begin to make them lookunhappy , you should dig up the tuberous roots and save them . A frosts-free loft, shed orgarage is the ideal place. The following spring you plant the instead of seed again.LupinsLupins are hardy perennials. This means that the plants will stay in your garden andcarry on flowering year after year. Seed sown in April will usually give you some spikes ofolours in the first summer, and year by year the plants get bigger and flowering stems gettaller and grander . Selective breeding has led to the introduction of some fine, bicolouredvarieties in some dazzling shades . The short-lived flowers make a real midsummer spectacle.Busy lizziesLike dahlias , busy lizzes need to be started offunder glass, as they cannot stand frost , and plantingout is the best done in May. Outdoor flowering endsin September , so beat the frost and bring yourfavourite specimens indoors to give your homesome sinter colour! Indoors they will carry onflowering indefinitely , though you may like to plantthem out again when spring returns. Likepansies(below) they do very well in sun or shade ,but the soil must be moist. Most varieties grow to aheight of only 20 cm or so.PotenillasPotenillas are hardy shrubs. In other words , the woody branches spring from groudlevel-there is no central trunk. The seed is probabky best sown in autumn, in which case youshould keep the plants in a sheltered spot until April offers favourable conditions for plantingout. One flowering begins in early summer the best varieties (such as Melton Fire) will stay inblom almost ceaselessly for years on end while at the same time spreading out to provideground cover or a low hedge.PansiesPansies have a good long flowering season year after year , and some varieties can besown in spring to give truly splendid the first autumn . Unlike dahlias and lupins , which caneasily grow a metre tall , pansies grow no higher than 10 or 20 cm. Their soil , position andmoisture requirements are just like those of busy lizzes but differ in bring hardy. Give them atry!Questions 61—63Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.61. Both dahlias and lupins, which are sown in April , need protecting from frost.62. Brought indoors in autumn , dahias , busy lizzies and peotentillas will carry on flowering almost non-stop.63.Among all the flowers busy lizzies are not very easy to grow from seed..Questions 64—65Answer the following questions briefly according to the passage.64. What is the difference between busy lizzies and pansies?65. Which plant has the longest gap between sowing and flowering?Section C (10 marks)Questions 66—70 are based on the following passage.When looking for love , people may go to some extreme lengths. They might go on blind dates set up by family and friends . They might write personal ads to p;ace in newspapers. Or they might use a computer to help them in their search for a soul mate by joining an online dating service. Some people have been tried to find their perfect match through game shows on television. Many of these TV dating shows, including the Bachelor and Who to Marry a Multimllionaire ? Have proved to be rating blockbusters, with millions of viewers watching each week to find out which the contestants will find true love.Of all these game shows , perhaps the one with the most unexpected ending was Mr. Right , which was shown in England in 2002 . On the show , a bachelor , thirty-five-year-old Lance Gerrard-Wright , dated fifteen women to find the one who was his ideal partner. The host of the show was Ulrika Jonsson, an English celebrity originally from Sweden. For seven weeks on the show, Gerrard-Wright took turns going on dates with each of the women , taking them to expensive and exotic locations. He even met women’s families and introduced them to his own. Then at the end of episode , he would choose between one and three of the contestants with whom he had felt the least compatiable , and say goodbye to them.At one point during the series , one contestant volunteered to leave because she said she didn’t find him attractive . After two dates she said she had had enough , and she couldn’t see it working , “He wasn’t my cup of tea.” In another episode the woman he was on a date with burst into tears when he called her by another constant’s name. “you called me by another girl’s name. I can’t believe you did that. I really liked you ,” she sobbed.But in the final episode , the woman he eventually chose decided she didn’t want to carry him after all . “I think you’ve chosen me because you have to chose someone ,” she said. Maybe this was because she already knew he had fallen in love—with the show’s host!After leaving the show , Gerrard—Wright and Jonsson were seen dining together and attending parties around London more and more often. Finally , on May 1, 2003, Gerrard—Wright proposed to Jonsson on the steps of St. Paul’s Cathedral. And she accept his proposal right away , although it was a conditional acceptance. Jonsson has two children from previous relationships----an eight –year-old son , Cameron , and a two-year-old daughter , Bo. She had to make sure that they agreed to the marriage . Luckily, they did. Gerrard-Wright said ,”In the end the show did work for me . I grabbed an opportunity to get a girlfriend and I did . Ulrika’s gorgeous.”Questions 66—68Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage in a maximum of 4 words for each blank.66. Lance Gerrard-Wright went to________ to go on the show Mr. Right in order to find his perfect match.67. On the show, Lance had the opportunity to date many gorgeous women among whom there might be one that he was most___________.68. Ulrika accepted Lance’s proposal________ that her children agreed to their marriage aswell.Questions 69—70Choose the best answer according to the passage.69. Which of the following did NOT happen on the show?A. Lance went on dates with several women.B. The acndidates went to some very good restaurants.C. Ulrika consulted her parents before she made her decision.D. The women met Lance’s family70. What happened after seven weeks of doing the shows?A. All of the women found their belovedB. Lance started to date the show’s hostC. One of the women on the show couldn’t help cryingD. Ulrika asked Lance to marry herSection D (10 marks)Questions 71—75 are based on the following passage.Alaska is disappearing slowly but surely. Since the 1950s, it is estimated that as much as 15 percent of Alaska’s area has disappeared. But how can a whole state be disappearing?One reason for Alaska’s gradual disappearance is the melting of its glaciers. According to one geologist as the US Geological Survey, about 98 percent of Alaska’s glaciers are either unmoving or diminishing. This diminishing seems mainly due to the increase in global temperatures. Since the 1960s, the average year-round temperature has increased by 5F. Furthermore, the average winter temperature has increased by 8F. Presently, an estimated 24 cubic miles of ice is disappearing from Alaskan glaciers every year. It may be more in the near future, as some scientists predict that the average word temperature could go up 2.5 to 10F by the year 2100.Another problem contributing to Alaska’s gradual disappearance is its thawing permafrost. (74)Much of the land in Alaska was permanently frozen, or frozen for most of year, thus maintaining its integrity. Now, the thawing permafrost is causing a number of problems on the land. Roads and utility poles are collapsing. Also , the hard permafrost which originally prevented beaches from eroding during violent storms is now melting. Affected villages are forced to relocate. For villages on small low islands, one terrible storms could wipe out the entire community.The melting permafrost and increasing temperature are laso having a native impact on the forest of Alaska. As the permafrost under the forests melts , increase that normally don’t turn up until the warmer season are appearing sooner. The spruce-bark beetle, for example , is increasing in number as a result of global warming. It usually takes about two years for these beetles to grow and reoroduce in very could weather. However , due to the increase in temperatures , spruce-bark are damaging as many trees in one year as they previously damaged in two. At this rate, Alaska’s forest won’t survive the turn of the century.Some scientists believe that human activity is linked to a global increase in wether temperature. Whether the rising temperatures are caused by human activity or nature changes, the fact remains that Alaska is warming . Some others argue that global warming may be a mormal trend on the Earth’s chart. (75) One theory argues that we are the end of a so-called “Little Ice Age”, and the retreat of the glaciers is a nature result of this cycle. Whether natural or produce by humans, there is little hope for immediate future of glaciers as we know them. Horribly , this could be a preview of what will happen to the rest of the world in the next cenury.Questions 71—73Answer the following questions briefly according to the passage.71. What are disappearing in Alaska actually?72. How much ice is melting each year according to the survey?73. Why do insects damage more trees than before?Questions 74—75Translate the underlined sentences in the passage into Chinese.74. Much of the land in Alaska was permanently frozen, or frozen for most of year, thus maintaining its integrity75. One theory argues that we are the end of a so-called “Little Ice Age”, and the retreat of the glaciers is a nature result of this cycle. Whether natural or produce by humans, there is little hope for immediate future of glaciers as we know them.Part V Translation (10 marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the hints given in brackets. Remember to write the answer on the answer sheet.76. 宴会时间就要到了，但她仍纠结于是否应该去。

PROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven.Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced.Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions:1. Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize a combination of conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1- p) are assigned to illustrate how the results vary with different values of W/L and p.In addition to your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting your design and results.Problem A: 终极布朗尼锅当在一个矩形的锅里烹煮食物时，受热集中在锅的4个角落里，因此食品在这4个拐角处被过度烹饪（在边缘程度会稍微轻点）。

2013 Contest ProblemsMCM PROBLEMSPROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven.Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced.Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions:1. Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize a combination of conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1- p) are assigned to illustrate how the results vary with different values of W/L and p.In addition to your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting your design and results.PROBLEM B: Water, Water, EverywhereFresh water is the limiting constraint for development in much of the world. Build a mathematical model for determining an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient water strategy for 2013 to meet the projected water needs of [pick one country from the list below] in 2025, and identify the best water strategy. In particular, your mathematical model must address storage and movement; de-salinization; and conservation. If possible, useyour model to discuss the economic, physical, and environmental implications of your strategy. Provide a non-technical position paper to governmental leadership outlining your approach, its feasibility and costs, and why it is the “best water strategy choice.”Countries: United States, China, Russia, Egypt, or Saudi ArabiaICM PROBLEMPROBLEM C: Network Modeling of Earth's HealthClick the title below to download a PDF of the 2013 ICM Problem. Your ICM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet and your solution cannot exceed 20 pages for a maximum of 21 pages.Network Modeling of Earth's Health© 2013 COMAP, The Consortium for Mathematics and Its Applications May be reproduced for academic/research purposesFor More information on COMAP and this projectvisit 。

2013National English Contestfor College Students(Level C-Preliminary)参考答案及作文评分标准Part I Listening Comprehension(30marks)Section A(5marks)1—5ABCCBSection B(10marks)6—10ABBCB11—15CABABSection C(5marks)16—20CACBBSection D(10marks)21.yearn for22.flush out23.tends to pensate forck of evidence26.separated into27.assessed28.medication29.contradictory30.wrinklesPart II Vocabulary and Structure(15marks)31—35CDCCB36—40BADCA41—45ADBCAPart III Cloze(10marks)46.hiding47.surprising48.pressure49.presidency50.existence51.with52.place53.gravity54.Additionally55.afternoonPart IV Reading Comprehension(40marks)Section A(10marks)paring58.unique59.altered60.privacySection B(10marks)61.F62.F63.T64.Pansies are more hardy than busy lizzies.65.Potentillas.Section C(10marks)66.extreme lengths/great patible with68.on condition69.C70.B Section D(10marks)71.Glaciers and forests.72.24cubic miles of ice.73.They have increased in numbers.74.阿拉斯加的大部分土地曾经是常年冰冻，或是一年中多数时间都保持冰冻状态，以此保持它的完整。

2013 Contest ProblemsMCM PROBLEMSPROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven.Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced.Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions:1. Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize a combination of conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1- p) are assigned to illustrate how the results vary with different valuesof W/L and p.In addition to your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting your design and results.PROBLEM B: Water, Water, EverywhereFresh water is the limiting constraint for development in much of the world. Build a mathematical model for determining an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient water strategy for 2013 to meet the projected water needs of [pick one country from the list below] in 2025, and identify the best water strategy. In particular, your mathematical model must address storage andmovement; de-salinization; and conservation. If possible, use your model to discuss the economic, physical, and environmental implications of your strategy. Provide a non-technical position paper to governmental leadership outlining your approach, its feasibility and costs, and why it is the “best water strategy choice.”Countries: United States, China, Russia, Egypt, or Saudi Arabia。

2013 MCM ProblemsPROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven. Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced.Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions:1. Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize a combination of conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1- p) are assigned to illustrate how the results vary with different values of W/L and p.In addition to your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting your design and results.PROBLEM B: Water, Water, EverywhereFresh water is the limiting constraint for development in much of the world. Build a mathematical model for determining an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient water strategy for 2013 to meet the projected water needs of [pick one country from the list below] in 2025, and identify the best water strategy. In particular, your mathematical model must address storage and movement; de-salinization; and conservation. If possible, use your model to discuss the economic, physical, and environmental implications of your strategy. Provide a non-technical position paper to governmental leadership outlining your approach, its feasibility and costs, and why it is the “best water strategy choice.”Countries: United States, China, Russia, Egypt, or Saudi Arabia。

Requirement 1:Build a dynamic global network model of some aspect of Earth's health (you develop the measure) by identifying local elements of this condition (network nodes) and appropriately connecting them (network links) to track relationship and attribute effects.Since the dynamic nature of these effects is important, this network model must include a dynamic time element that allows the model to predict future states of this health measure. For example, your nodes could be nations, continents, ocea ns, habitats, or any combination of these or other elements which together constitute a global model. Your links could represent nodal or environmental influences, or the flow or propagation of physical elements (such as pollution) over time. Your health measure could be any element of Earth's condition to include demographic, biological, environmental, social, political, physical, and/or chemical conditions. Be sure to define all the elements of your model and explain the scientific bases for your modeling decisions about network measures, nodal entities, and link properties. Determine a methodology to set any parameters and explain how you could test your model if sufficient data were available. What kinds of data could be used to validate or verify the efficacy of your model? (Note: If you do not have the necessary data to determine parameters or perform verification, do not throw out the model. Your supervisor realizes that, at this stage, good creative ideas and theories are as important as verified data-based models.) Make sure you include the human element in your model and explain where human behavior and government policies could affect the results of your model.通过识别在这种情况下的本地元素（网络节点）建立一个地球健康方面的（发展的措施）动态全球网络模型，适当连接它们（网络链接）来跟踪关系和属性效果。

2013 National English Contest for College Students(Level C - Preliminary)(总分：150分答题时间：120分钟)Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a twenty-second pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.1.Why didn’t the man go to see Macbeth last week?A.He didn’t manage to get a ticket.B.He had to attend a conference.C.He had a better production to watch.2.What does ―Fill Me In‖ refer to in this conversation?A. A type of upgraded mobile phone.B. A well-selling magazine.C. A writer’s new book series.3.Why doesn’t the woman like the bag?A.She doesn’t like the pattern.B.It’s not easy to carry.C.It’s too big for her.4.What makes a bad CV according to the man?A.Fake information.B. Terrible writing.C. Undesirable length.5.How will Cathy continue her Spanish learning?A.She’s going to make a friend in Spain.B.She’ll communicate with a Spanish friend in Spain.C.She’ll practice speaking Spanish with an English friend.Section B (10 marks)In this section, you will hear two long conversation. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.Conversation One6.What traffic accident are the speakers talking about?A. A kid was knocked down by a car.B.Two cars crashed into a shop.C. A car ran into a wrong place.7.Why did the accident happen according the woman?A.There were many shops around.B.The crossing is in a wrong place.C.There was no crossing here.8.Which of the following is the suggestion they made?A.More traffic lights should be installed.B. A speed camera should be mounted.C.More policemen should patrol that area.9.Where, as the woman mentioned, has got improved traffic?A.Her own neighborhood.B.Her big brother’s neighborhood.C.Her parents’ neighborhood.10.How was the man punished for his traffic offence?A.He was fined 100 pounds with extra penalty points.B.He had to pay 150 pounds and got 6 penalty points.C.He finally paid 600 pounds without any penalty points.Conversation Two11.Why is the expert opposed to the view that memory aids make your memory worse?A.There is no evidence showing that memory aids are invalid.B.Human beings’ brain functions mainly through memory aids in an effective way.C.Memory aids encourage an organized approach which helps the brain functioneffectively.12.What is interview’s attitude towards the idea that visual image help the memoryA.It is hard to believe.B.It is nothing strange.C.It is obviously nonsense.13.Who developed the system of memory aids centuries ago?A.Inhabitants on an isolated island.B.The Ancient Greeks.C. A great psychologists.14.How does mapping out notes affect the brain?A.It is helpful in reflecting the way people link information in the brain.B.It prevents people from arranging things logically.C.It makes people’s brain function the opposite way.15.What tends to affect people’s ability to think cle arly?A.Upbringing and innate differences.B.Worry and anxiety.C.Their aptitudes.Section C (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short news items. After each item, which will be read only once, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B andC, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.16.How can social media influence the presidential election in the USA according to thelatest research?A.It can help voters to choose their president.B.It can help to ensure the fairness of the elections.C.It can help to increase the number of voters.17.What honorary title has Yaya Toure been granted?A.The African Player of the Year.B.212 Star of the Confederation of African Football.C.The Ivory Coast star.18.Why did Reshma Saujani set up the organization ―Girls Who Code‖?A.To raise women’s status in the field of science.B.To improve girls’ aptitude and performance in STEM.C.To arouse girls’ interest in science and technology.19.Which tablet computer’s hardware inside is more powerful?A.The CNET Kum.B. The Google Nexus 7.C. The Apple iPad mini.20.What does the company announce that it can do for the United States?A.It can reduce the amount of plastic waste.B.It can help to recycle the plastic waste.C.It can increase the amount of exports.Section D (10 marks)In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are 10 missing words or phrases. Fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. The passage will be read twice. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.If you (21) ____ smooth skin that glows with youth, the chances are that at some point you will have heard the exhortation to drink lots of water in order to (22) ____ those evil toxins and keep your skin healthy.The exact amount people suggest varies. US – based advice (23) ____ eight glasses a day, while in hotter climates people are advised to drink to more to (24) ____ higher rates of sweating. But regardless of the exact volume of water suggested, the principle behind the advice remains the same --- taking extra water on board will keep your skin hydrated. In other words, water acts like a moisturizer, but from the inside out.This is such a common idea you might be surprised at the (25) ____ to back up. You might expect there to be countless studies where people are (26) ____ two groups, one assigned to sip water all day, the other to drink a normal amount. Then the smoothness of the skin could be (27) ____ a month or so later to establish whether sipping more lead to smoother skin.In fact such studies are rare, partly because water can’t be patented, so it is hard to find anyone to fund such research when there will be no new (28) ____ or cosmetic to sell that could repay the costs. A review by the dermatologist Ronni Wolf at the Kaplan Medical Center in Israel found just one study looking at the effect of long-term water intake on the skin. But the resultswere (29) ____. After four weeks, the group who drank mineral water showed a decrease in skin density, which some believe suggests the skin is retaining more moisture, while those who drank tap water showed an increase in skin density. But regardless of the type of water they drank, it made no difference to their (30) ____ or to the smoothness of their skin.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (15 marks)There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.31. The new star said to the journalists that she _C___ the opportunity to show that she could playa serious film role.A. greetedB. rejoicedC. welcomedD. cheered32. We haven’t really __D__ a solution to the problem yet, which makes the boss really frustrated.A. built upB. fallen back onC. brought overD. come up with33. Personally, I am __C__ banning cigarette smoking completely, especially in public areas.A. in touch withB. apart fromC. in favor ofD. regardless of34. Until a firm agreement has been reached, I am not __C__ to accepting the offer.A. accustomedB. dedicatedC. committedD. entitled35. The government is making every effort to __B__ an economic crisis, but it seems nothing could help.A. eliminateB. avertC. impedeD. swerve36. __B__ a serious crime, what exactly should you do?A. Unless you witnessB. If you were to witnessC. If only you witnessD. since you witness37. During examinations candidates are always supposed to stay in seats, keep their eyes on the work, _A___ to anyone.A. and not speakB. but could not speakC. rather than speakD. instead of speaking38. Realizing that he hadn’t got enough money and _D___ to borrow any from his parents, he decided to sell his house.A. wanted notB. not to wantC. wanting notD. not wanting39. There’s no point waiting here any longer. We _C___ go and have something to eat.A. can hardlyB. are bound toC. might as wellD. will have to40. While many people may refer to up-to-minute news, it is unlikely that television and the Internet _A___ the newspapers completely.A. will replaceB. replaceC. are replacingD. have replaced41. She married a very nice young architect from Belfast, _A___ she met on a bus during her journey to Northern Ireland.A. whoB. whenC. whichD. where42. It is a kind of illness that can result in total blindness if __D__A. to leave untreatedB. is left untreatedC. leaving untreatedD. left untreated43. ----I’m so disappointed with my son! He just wouldn’t practice the piano!----Take it easy. You can lead ___B_ to water, but you can’t make it drink.A. a duckB. a horseC. a cowD. a dog44. ----Good morning, Madam! I’d like some information about the course.----Certainly. _B___A.I’m afraid I don’t know more than you either.B.Is there anything I can do for you?C.What exactly would you like to know?D.How much information did you know?45. ---- How do you feel about countries th at don’t try to reduce global warming?---- __A__, those countries care more about money than saving the planet.A.As far as I’m concernedB. It’s none of our businessC. We’re not to blameD. Things are under controlPart III Cloze (10 marks)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the correct word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letters of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.According to recent surveys, 72% of all Americans believe that the United States government is (46) hiding____ information about UFOs. Almost 68% of people think that the government has secret knowledge of extraterrestrial life. It is not (47) _surprising__ (surprise) that the government has come under more and more (48) pressure____ to declassify its UFO records and make them public. A variety of different groups have been involved in these efforts.One group to become involved is called CFI, the Coalition for Freedom of Information, John Podesta, who was White House Chief of Staff during Bill Clinton’s (49)presidency____(president), is one of the many high-powered people active in this group. CFI’s aim is not to prove the (50) _existence___(exist) of extraterrestrial life, but to make it easier for scientists in general to study unexplained aerial phenomena. Podesta and his group has asked the Pentagon to declassify its UFO records and therefore provide scientists (51) with____ data that will help in the study of UFOs.CFI has requested the release of information on several UFO cases, starting with the Kecksburg, Pennsylvania, incident. This incident took (52) __place__ in 1965 when a large acorn-shaped object, the size of a small car, crashed in Pennsylvania. Some analysts say it could have been the spacecraft Kosmos 96 that had been launched towards Venus by the Soviet Union, but failed to escape Earth’s (53) g ravity____. Others say the object did not look anything like spacecraft built on Earth in 1965.(54) Additionally___, the people of Kecksburg want to know what happened. On that (55) afternoon____, hundreds of eyewitnesses watched a fiery streak of light descend from the sky towards Earth. Officials explained that nothing was found or recovered and that maybe the fireball in the sky was a meteor. But many witnesses say they saw a number of military personnel from the Army and the Air Force search the woods, and later that evening, saw a large militarytractor-trailer coming from the area carrying a large object under a tarp.Part IV Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by several questions. Respond to the questions using information from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Section A (10 marks)Questions 56-60 are based on the following passage.The average automatic teller machine (ATM) is not very smart. It will give money to anyone who has the right card and punches four or five keys in the right order. Some analysts estimate that as many as 30% of ATM transaction worldwide are cases of theft. To increase security at cash machines, some banks have tried to make their ATMs a little smarter. A small camera on the machine looks directly into the eye of every customer. It scans one iris and compares the tiny patterns of ridges, dots, and other features to a code in its computer. If there is a match, the ATM will start counting out cash. If not, a message is automatically sent to the nearest police station.Iris-scanning is one fast-growing form of biometric identification --- determining who someone is by examining features the body. One of the earliest biometric techniques was fingerprinting. The line on fingerprints are unique to each person, so not even identical twins have the same fingerprints. Fingerprinting has become famous as a way of finding out who committed a crime, but it very often fails. A careful criminal can swear gloves, avoid touching thing, or even alter his fingerprints by burning, cutting, or scraping them. In the search for a more reliable system, security experts have focused on the eye.Like a fingerprint, every iris is, for all practical purposes, unique. Each person’s right iris is even different from his or her left one. A low-cost digital camera, like the kind installed at ATM machines, can easily detect hundreds of different features in the iris. The chance of two irises having the same features is close to zero. Tests have shown that iris-scanners are very hard to fool. They can tell the difference between a real iris and a false one. They can see right through colored contact lenses, eyeglasses, and even mirrored sunglasses. Although many criminal are willing to burn or cut their fingers in pursuit of the perfect crime, few would be willing or able to alter their irises.T o make iris-scanning work, a computerized database has to match certain iris features with certain people. This means that each A TM customer has to allow a bank to photograph his or her iris and keep that highly personal information in a computer. Some people have worried, however, that an increased use of iris-scanning will lead to a dangerous loss of privacy. By mountingiris-scan cameras in public places, governments could track a private citizen all day long without the person’s knowledge. This would be a great advantage to the police, but it could also give corrupt officials a new way to control their opponents. The military’s development of tiny robots suggests that government iris-scanners could even invade private homes!Questions 56-60Complete the summary with words from the passage, changing the form where necessary, with only one word for each blank.Section B (10 marks)Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.Seed catalogues feature hundreds of flowering species. For the persons just beginning garden this can be bewildering, and below are the details of some popular choices, nearly all of which should be sown in the spring. With the exception of busy lizzies, which need a little care, they are all very easy to grow from seed.DahliasThese are sturdy plants bearing showy flowers in a wide range of rather gaudy colors. Sow in a frame in April and plant the seedlings out when frosts are over. Dahlias flower throughout the summer and into the autumn. When autumn frosts begin to make them look unhappy, you should dig up the tuberous roots and save them. A frost-free loft, shed or garage is the ideal place. The following spring you plant the tubers instead of sowing seed again.LupinsLupins are hardy perennials. This means that the plants will stay in your garden and carry on flowering year after year. Seed sown in April will usually give you some spikes of colors in the first summer, and year by year the plants get bigger and the flowering stems get taller and grander. Selective breeding has led to the introduction of some fine, bicolored varieties in some dazzling shades. The short-lived flowers make a real misunderstanding spectacle.Busy lizziesLike dahlias, busy lizzies need to be started offunder glass, as they cannot stand frost, and pantingout is best done in May. Outdoor flowering ends inSeptember, so beat the frosts and bring your favoritespecimens indoors to give your home some sintercolor! Indoors they will carry on floweringindefinitely, though you may like to plant them outagain when spring returns. Like pansies (below) they do very well in sun or shade, but the soil must be moist. Most varieties grow to be a height of only 20 cm or so.PotentillasPotentillas are hardy shrubs. In other words, the woody branches spring from groundlevel —there is no central trunk. Seed is probably best sown in autumn, in which case you should keep the plants in a sheltered spot until April offers favorable conditions for planting out. Once flowering begins in early summer the best varieties (such as Melton Fire) will stay in bloomATM transactions are often cases of theft, where an unauthorized user takes (56) __money_. To decrease insecurity, some banks have installed iris-scanning machines at ATMs. These small cameras scan the user’s iris, recording its features and (57) _comping___ them to a digital file. Every person has a (58) _ unique ___ iris, making iris identification highly reliable. Earlier efforts at biometric identification often relied on fingerprints. However, fingerprints can easily be (59) altered____ through cutting, burning or scrapping. Iris scanners are so effective that they can even see through contact lenses and mirrored sunglasses. Use of iris scanners would provide great advantages to the police. However,others worry about a loss of (60) ____.almost ceaselessly for years on end while at the same time spreading out to provide ground cover or a low hedge.PansiesPansies have a good long flowering season year after year, and some varieties can be sown in spring to give truly splendid results the first autumn. Unlike dahlias and lupins, which can easily grow a meter tall, pansies grow no higher than 10 or 20 cm. Their soil, position and moisture requirements are just like those of busy lizzies but pansies differ in being hardy. Give them a try!Questions 61-63Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.61. Both dahlias and lupins, which are sown in April, need protecting from frost.62. Brought indoors in autumn, dahlias, busy lizzies and potentillas will carry on flowering almost non-stop.63. Among all the flowers busy lizzies are not very easy to grow from seed.Section C (10 marks)Questions 66-70 are based on the following passage.When looking for love, people may go to some extreme lengths. They might go on blind dates set up by family and friends. They might write personal ads to place in newspapers. Or they might use a computer to help them in their search for a soul mate by joining an online dating services. Some people have even tried to find their perfect match through game shows on television. Many of these TV dating shows, including The Bachelor and Who Wants to Marry a Millionaire? have proved to be ratings blockbusters, with millions of viewers watching each week to find out which of the contestants will find true love.Of all these game shows, perhaps the one with the most unexpected ending was Mr. Right, which was shown in England in 2002. On the show, a bachelor, thirty-five-year-old Lance Gerrard-Wright, dated fifteen women to find the one who was his ideal partner. The host of the show was Ulrika Johnson, an English celerity originally from Sweden. For seven weeks on the show, Gerrard-Wright took turns going on dates with each of the women, taking them to expensive restaurants and exotic locations. He even met the women’s families and introduced them to his own. Then at the end of each episode, he would choose between one and three of the contestants with whom he had felt the least compatible, and say goodbye to them.At one point during the series, one contestant volunteered to leave because she said she didn’t find him attractive. After two dates she said she had had en ough, and she couldn’t see it working. ―He wasn’t my cup of tea.‖ In another episode the woman he was on a date with burst into tears when he called her by another contestant’s name. ―You called me by another girl’s name. I can’t believe you did that. I re ally liked you,‖ she sobbed.But in the final episode, the woman he eventually chose decided she didn’t want to marry him after all. ―I think you’ve chosen me because you have to choose someone,‖ she said. Maybe this was because she already knew he had fallen in love---with the show’s host!After leaving the show, Gerrard-Wright and Johnson were seen dining together and attending parties around London more and more often. Finally, on May 1, 2003, Gerrard-Wright proposed to Johnson on the steps of St. Paul’s Cathedral. And she accepted his proposal right away, although it was a conditional acceptance. Johnson has two children from previous relationships—aneight-year-old son, Cameron, and a two-year-old daughter, Bo. She had to make sure that they agreed to the marriage. Luckily, they did. Gerrard-Wright said, ―In the end the show did work for me. I grabbed an opportunity to get a girlfriend and I did. Ulrika’s gorgeous.‖Questions 66-68Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage in a maximum of 2 words for each blank.66. Lance Gerrard-Wright went to ____ to go on the show Mr. Right in order to find his perfect match.67. On the show, Lance had the opportunity to date many gorgeous women among whom there might be one that he was almost ____.68. Ulrika accepted Lance’s proposal ____ that her children agreed to their marriage as well. Questions 69-70Choose the best answer according to the passage.69. Which of the following did NOT happen on the show?A. Lance went on dates with several women.B. The candidates went to some very good restaurants.C. Ulrika consulted her parents before she made her decision.D. The women met Lance’s family.70. What happened after seven weeks of doing the show?A. All of the women found their beloved.B. Lance started to date with the show’s host.C. One of the women on the show couldn’t help crying.D. Ulrika asked Lance to marry her.Section D (10 marks)Questions 71-75 are based on the following passage.Alaska is disappearing slowly but surely. Since the 1950s, it is estimated that as much as 15 percent of Alaska’s area has disappeared. But how can a whole state be disappearing?One reason for Alaska’s gradual disappearance is the melting its glaciers. According to one geologist at the US Geological Survey, about 98 percent of Alaska’s glaciers are either unmoving or diminishing. This diminishing seems mainly due to the increase in global temperatures. Since the 1960s, the average year-round temperature has increased by 5℉. Furthermore, the average winter temperature has increased by 8℉. Presently, an estimated 24 cubic miles of ice is disappearing from Alaskan glaciers every year. It may be even more in the near future, as some scientists predict that the average world temperature could go up 2.5 to 10℉by the year 2010.Another problem contributing to Alaska’s gradual disappearance is its permafrost. (74) Much of the land in Alaska was permanently frozen, or frozen for most of the year, thus maintaining its integrity. Now, the thawing permafrost is causing a number of problems on land. Roads and utility poles are collapsing. Also, the hard permafrost which originally prevented beaches from eroding during violent storms is now melting. Affected villages are forced to relocate. For villages on small low islands, one terrible storm could wipe out the entire community.The melting permafrost and increasing temperature are also having a negative impact on the forests of Alaska. As the permafrost under the forests melts, insects that normally don’t turn upuntil the warmer seasons are appearing sooner. The spruce-bark beetle, for example, is increasing in numbers as a result of global warming. It usually takes about two years for these beetles to grow and reproduce in a very cold weather. However, due to the increase in temperatures, spruce-bark beetles are damaging as many trees in one year as they previously damaged in two. At this rate, Alaska’s forest won’t survive the turn of the century.Some scientists believe that human activity is linked to a global increase in weather temperature. Whether the rising temperature are caused by human activity or natural changes, the fact remains that Alaska is warming. Some others argue that global warming may be a normal trend on the Earth’s temperature chart. (75) One theory argues that we are near the end of aso-called ―Little Ice Age‖, and the return of the glaciers is natural result of this cycle. Whether natural or produced by humans, there is little hope for the immediate future of glaciers as we know them. Horribly, this could be a preview of what will happen to the rest of the world in the next century.Questions 71-73Answer the following questions briefly according to the passage.71. What are disappearing in Alaska actually?72. How much ice is melting each year according to the survey?73. Why do insects damage more trees than before?Questions 74-75Translate the underlined sentences in the passage into Chinese.74. Much of the land in Alaska was permanently frozen, or frozen for most of the year, thus maintaining its integrity75. One theory argues that we are near the end of a so-called ―Little Ice Age‖, and the return of the glaciers is natural result of this cycle. Whether natural or produced by humans, there is little hope for the immediate future of glaciers as we know them.Part V Translation (10 marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the hints given in brackets. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.76. 宴会时间就要到了，但她仍纠结于是否应该去。