高考英语常考词词性转换.ppt
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高中英语词汇词性转换第一组:1. ability (n. )能力;才能---able (a.)---unable (a..)—disability (n. ) —disabled(a.)be able to do…=be capable of doing2.absence (n.) 缺席;不在--- absent (a.)---present (a..)–pres ence(n.)be absent from;be presentat3. absolute(a.)绝对的;完全的---absolutely(adv.)4.ﻩabundant(a.) 丰富的;充裕的---abundance (n.) be abundant in5.ﻩacademic(a.)学院的,理论的(n.)大学教师---academy(n.)学院6. accept(v.)接受---acceptable (a.)可接受的- –refuse (opp.) 拒绝7.access(n.) 通路,入门;(v.)接近;存取---accessible(a.)have access to(to为介词)可以使用;可以接触8. accurate (a.)正确的,精确的--- accuracy (n.)–accurately (adv.)-- (opp.)i naccurate 不准确9.ﻩachieve (v.) 取得,达到--- achievement(n.)10. acquire(v.) 获得,学到--- acquisition (n.)11. act(n.) 法令,条例;(v.)表演;行动---action(n.) –active(a.)主动的—inactive(a.)—actively(adv.)—activity(n. ) 活动--passive (a.) 被动的---actor (n.) –actress (n.)12.ﻩactual(a.) 实际的;现实的–actually (adv.) = as a matter of fact13. adapt(v.) 使适应;改编---adaptation(n.) 适应,顺应;改编,改编本---adaptable (a.) 有适应能力的adaptoneself to适应于;adapt…(for sth.)from sth. 改编14.add (v.)添加,增加;补充说- --addition (n.) ---additional (a.) –additionally (adv.)add…to将…(添)加到… add to 增加,加强add up加起来add up to共计达in addition (to)另外,除此之外15.ﻩaddict (n.) 成瘾的人---addicted(a.)–addition (n.) ---addictive (a.)使成瘾的;上瘾的;易令人沉溺的be addicted to (to为介词)对…上瘾16.ﻩadjust (v.) 调整,使适应---adjustment (n.)---adjustable (a.)17. admire (v.)钦佩,羡慕---admiration (n.)--- admirable(a.)18.ﻩadmit (v.)承认,准许( admitted, admitted) --- admission(n.)19.ﻩadopt(v.) 收养,采用---adoption (n.)---adopted (a.)20. advance (v.) 推进,促进;前进(n.)前进,提升—advanced (a.)先进的;高等的21.ﻩadvantage(n.)有点;好处---disadvantage (n.)takeadvantage of利用;欺骗,占…的便宜22. adventure(n.) 冒险,奇遇---adventurous(a.)23.ﻩadvertise (v.) 为…做广告---advertisement (n.)24. advise (v.) 建议,劝告----adviser (n.) 顾问,忠告者--- advice (n.) apiece of advice25.ﻩaffect(v.)影响--- affection(n.) 影响,感情=havean effect on 26.ﻩAfrica (n.)非洲--- African(a.)(n.)27.ﻩage(n.) 年纪---aged (a.)老年的—elderly (a.)28. agree(v.)同意--- agreement (n.) --- disagree(opp)—disagreement(n.) 29.ﻩagriculture (n.) 农业– agricultural (a.)30.ﻩallow (v.) 准许,允许---allowance (n.)允许;紧贴,补助31. amaze(v.) 惊奇,震惊--- amazement(n.)---amazed (a.)–amazing(a.)to one’s amazement32.ﻩambition (n.)抱负,雄心---ambitious(a.)33. amuse (v.) 使…快乐---amusement(n.)–amused (a.)--- amusing (a.)to one’samusement34.ﻩanalyze (v.)分析---analysis(n.) 35. anger (n.)愤怒--- angry (a.)36. announce(v.)宣布, 宣告--- announcement (n.) --- announcer(n.)37.ﻩannoy (v.)使烦恼–annoyed(a.) --- annoying (a.)--- annoyance (n.)toone’s annoyance38. annual(a. )一年一次的,每年的(n.) 年刊--- annually(a.)39.anxious (a.) 忧虑的,焦急的---anxiety (n.)40.apologize (v.)道歉---apology(n.)apologize to sb. for sth.; makeanapologytosb. for sth.因…事向某人道歉41.ﻩappear(v.) 出现---appearance(n.)外貌,外观;出现,露面42.ﻩapply (v.)申请, 应用--- application(n.) 申请表--- applicant(n.) 申请人--- applied(a.)应用的43. appoint(v.)约定,任命–appointment(n.) -----make an appointment约会44.ﻩappreciate(v.)欣赏,感激--- appreciation(n.)45. approve(v.)批准,同意--- approval (n.)approveof…赞成(opp.) disapprove(v.) 不赞成disapprove of…46.ﻩargue(v.) 争辩,辩论—argument(n.)47. arrange(v.)安排---ar rangement(n.)48.ﻩarrive (v.) 到达–arrival(n.) 49. Asia (n.) 亚洲---Asian (a.)(n.)50.ﻩassess (v.) 评价,估价--- assessment (n.)51.ﻩassist (v.) 帮助,协助--- assistance (n.) 帮助,援助---assistant(n.)助手,助理52.associate (v.) 联系,交往--- association (n.) --- associated (a.)53.ﻩassume(v.)假定,采取---assumption(n.)54.ﻩastonish(v.) 使惊讶---astonished (a.)---astonishing(a.) –astonishment(n.)55.astronaut (n.)宇航员---astronomy (n.)天文学--- astronomer(天文学家)56.ﻩathlete(n.)运动员--- athletic(a.) 运动员的;运动的;体格健壮的;行动敏捷的57.ﻩattend (v.)参加,照料--attendance (n.)出席,参加- -attender (n.) 出席者;参加者58.attention (n)注意,专心--- attentive(a)–attentively(ad v.)59. attract (v.)吸引– attraction (n.) --- attractive (a.)60.ﻩaware (a.) 知道的,明白的---awareness (n.)be aware of61. bacterium(n.)细菌---(pl. )bacteria62. bad (a.)坏的--- badly (adv.) (worse, worst) ---good (a.) –well (a.) (adv.)(better, best)63. base(n.)基地,根据地(v.) 以…为基地-- basic (a.)--- basically 大体上64.ﻩbasis(n.) 基础,要素--- (pl.) bases65.ﻩbath (n.)洗澡,浴室—bathe(v.) – bathroom (n.) --- bathtub (n.) 澡盆66.bear(v.) 忍受(bore,borne)--- bearable(a.)可忍受的--- u nbearable (opp.) 不可忍受的67.ﻩbeat(v.)敲打,跳动,打赢(beat, beaten)68. beautiful(a.) 美丽的--- beauty (n. ) --- beautify (v.)69.ﻩbehave (v.) 行为,守规矩--- behavior (n.)70.ﻩbelief (n) 信条,信念---(pl.)beliefs--believe(v.) --- believable(a.)---(op p.) unbelievable71.ﻩbegin (v.)开始,着手(began, begun)---beginning(n.)第二组:72. bend v.使弯曲(bent, bent)be benton doing 一心想,决心要做…73.benefit n.利益,好处vt.有益于, 有助于--- beneficial adj.有益的, 受益的benefit from…从…中受益;be beneficialto对…有益74. bitteradj.苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的---–unpleasantadj不愉快的;讨厌的75.ﻩboring adj. 无聊的,乏味的(修饰物)—---bored adj.无聊的, 无趣的, 烦人的(用于人)76. botany n.植物学-------botanicaladj.植物学的77.ﻩbraveadj.勇敢的---bravery n.勇敢------coward n.懦弱的人, 胆小的人78.ﻩboycott n./vt. 联合抵制, 排斥79. breath n. 呼吸, 气息-----breathev.呼吸,发出----breathlessadj. 气喘吁吁的80.bringvt. 拿来,带来---brought(分去式)---brought(过去分词)81.ﻩbury vt.埋葬, 掩埋, 隐藏---buried(过去式或过去分词) beburied insth埋头做某事82. business n.商业, 买卖, 交易,生意---businessman----businesswoma n83. calculate v.计算, 考虑, 计划,打算----calculationn.计算,考虑----calculator n.计算机, 计算器84. calm adj.(天气、海洋等)静的, 平静的, 镇静的, 沉着的v. (使)平静,(使)镇定,平息calmnessn.平静, 冷静, 镇静85.ﻩcare n.注意,照料,vi.关心, 顾虑,照顾,喜爱vt.在意----careful(a.)----careless (a.)86. catchv.捕获, 赶上(车船等),发觉,感染(疾病)---(caught,caught)87. cautionn.小心,谨慎, 警告vt.警告----cautious adj. 小心的,谨慎的88. celebrationn.庆祝, 庆典-----celebrate v.庆祝89.ﻩcertain adj.确定的, 某一个----certainly adv. -----certainty n. -----uncertainty n.无常, 不确定90.ﻩchallengen.挑战vt.向...挑战----challenging adj.具有挑战性的91.changen.改变, 变化,找回的零钱vt.改变, 变革----changeable adj.可改变的92.ﻩcharactern. 人物,特点,性格,品质----characteristic n.特性,特征93.ﻩchemicaladj.化学的n.化学制品,化学药品----chemistn.化学家, 药剂师-chemistry n.化学94.ﻩchoice n.选择, 抉择,精选品----choose v.选择, 选定(chose, chosen)95. cloth n.布, 织物,衣料------clothes n.衣服, [总称]被褥,各种衣服----clot hing n.(总称)衣服96.ﻩcollect vt. 收集----collection n.收藏, 征收,搜集品, 捐款----collective adj.集体的n.集体97. comfort n.安慰,舒适vt.安慰----comfortableadj.舒适的98. communicate v.沟通, 交流,传达-----communication n.99.ﻩcompete vi.比赛, 竞争----competition n.竞争,竞赛----competitor n.竞争者---competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的;(指人)好竞争的100. conclude v.作出结论vt.推断-----conclusionn. 结论101. confident adj.自信的,确信的----confidencen.信心----confidently adv.信赖地,安心地102.ﻩconduct n.行为, 操行v. 组织,实施,管理-----conductor n. (乐队)指挥第三组:1.crazy adj.疯狂的----crazen.狂热,疯狂;风行一时的东西;be crazy about对…疯狂/着迷;like crazy拼命地;发疯似地2.create vt.创造,产生(syn.)----produce creative adj- -creation n. 创造,创建----creativity n.创造力----creator n.创造者;创作者----createjobs/opportunities/agoodimage/wealth3. crime n.罪犯----criminal n.罪犯----commit a crime 犯罪4. crossvt.穿过----crossingn.十字路口----crossroads n.交叉路口----at the crossroads5. crowdn.人群vt. 拥挤----crowdedadj.拥挤的----crowdedness n.6.cruel adj.残忍的,残酷的---be cruelto sb----cruellyadv.----cruelty n.残忍7. culture n.文化---culturaladj. ----cultural difference(shock)文化差异;文化冲击-----multi-culture多元文化8. cure n&v.治疗;医好---a cure for cancer ----cure sb of one’s disease/one’s habit9.curious adj.好奇的;奇异的(about/to do sth) --curiosity n.好奇心;求知欲satisfy one’scuriosity 满足好奇心-----out ofcuriosity 出于好奇10. cycle vi骑自行车;循环----recycle v.再循环,回收再用----cyclist n.骑自行车的人11.damagen&vt 毁坏,损害-----do /cause damage to(the earth)对...造成损害12danger n.危险dangerous adj.危险的endanger vt 使……濒临危险----endangered animals 濒危动物be in danger/beat risk处于危险中13. dead. adj. 死的the dead/living ----death n. 死亡----cause many deathsandinjuries造成很多伤亡deadly adj.致命的die v. 死亡dying adj.垂死的,渴望的be dyingfor sth./to do sth14. decide n.决定decisive adj. 决定性的decisionn. make adecision15. declare vt.声明;断言--- declaration n. declarewaronJapan 像日本宣战16.decorate vt.装饰,修饰---- decoration n.be decoratedwith17. decline n&v.下降,婉拒I offeredto give them alift bu tthey declined.18.decrease/increase n&v. 减少/增加--- increase/decrease to/by20%19. defend vt. 防守,保卫---defensein defense of为保护某人为……辩护20.deliberateadj. deliberately adv.故意地---on purpose21.delight n 快乐;乐事delightedadj.bedelighted with/by/atsb/sthtake delight in 喜欢,以……为乐delight sb 使某人高兴to one’s delight使某人高兴的是22. deliver vt.投递,接生,发表讲话deliverparcels/ a baby/a speech delivery n.23.depend vi依赖;依靠depend on sb dependent adj. 依赖的bed ependentonsb independentadj.独立的beindependent from/o fsbindependence n.独立24. deep adj/adv.深的--deeply adj.深深的-- depth n.深度-- deepen v.加深far/deepinto the night深夜be deeply moved/touched/affected---Still waterruns deep.静水流深/大智若愚25. describe vt.描述,描写description n. give a description ofsth26.designvt.设计n.图案,图样designer设计师bedesignedto设计的目的是,计划是27.desperate adj.不顾一切的;绝望的---be desperate for/to dosth极渴望--- desperationn.绝望28.destroy vt.破坏,毁坏-- destroyed buildings被毁的建筑物destruction n.cause destruction to sth29.determine vt.决定,决心be determinedto do决心做determina tion n. 决心30. develop v.发展,使发达,开发冲洗(照片)development--- withthe development ofdeveloping world/developed world--- develop an in terest in sth ----develop a newproduct31.devotevt.把……奉献于; devote oneself/one’s life/one’s energy/time tosth/doing sthdevotion n.忠心,奉献精神be devotedto sb挚爱某人,对……全心全意32.differ vi.differfromsthin …在什么方面不同于…different ad j.difference n.--tell the difference betweenA and B --- make a difference (to) 有影响,改变;大有作为33. difficult adj.difficulty n.困难with/without difficulty, havedifficulty withsth./(in) doing sth做某事有困难34. direct adj.直接的--(反)indirect speech间接引语----direct v.指挥,指导,导演directorn. 导演----directionn.方向inthedirection of朝…方向35. disable v.使……残疾---disabled adj.残疾的---help thedisabled帮助残疾人---disabilityn.---Thetrafficaccident disabled him.36.disappearvi.消失(反)--appear ---disappearance n. (反) appe arance37.disagree with sb on/about/over sth ---disagreement ----beindisagre ementwith38. disappoint vt.使……失望disappointment n. to one’sdisappointment令某人失望的是makesb disappointed;sb. be/feel disappointed with sb./atsth.某人对…感到失望39.discover vt.发现discoveryn. make a discovery40.discriminationn.歧视discriminate vt.歧视,区分discriminate Afrom B把…区分开来discriminate againstwomen 歧视妇女41.discuss vt discussion n.讨论42.distancen.距离distantadj.远的,遥远的in the distance 在远方keep sb atadistance疏远某人,与某人保持距离43.distinguish v.辨别distinguishAfrom B/distinguishbetween A andB 区别/辨别…distinctionn 差别;名声44.distribute v.分布,分配distributionn. 分配distributesth to /among sb把…分发/分配给…45. disturbvt.打扰;扰乱Don’tdisturb thepaperson mydesk. ----d isturbed adj.心神不宁的,心烦意乱的---disturbing adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的adisturbing piece of news.46.donate v.捐赠donatesthto sb将…捐给… donation n.He donated 10,000$totheearthquake disaster area. a donation of200$ 二百美元的捐款47.educate v.教育educator教育者education n.---receivea good edu cation受到良好的教育48. effectn.效果,作用effectiveadj.有效果的affect v. 影响have an effect on---take effect起到作用,有效果---come into effect 生效;奏效49.electv.election n.选举He waselected president ofthe USA in 1986.50. electricityn.电electricadj.电的electric wire 电线electrical adj.电气的electricalengineering电气工程electronic adj.电子的electronic equipment51. embarrass v.使……尴尬embarrassed adj. be embarrassed about对…感到尴尬---embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的,难为情的---embarrassmentn.52. employ v.雇佣employer n.雇主,老板employee n. 雇工,雇员employment n.雇用,使用,职业unemploymentn.失业53.encourage v.鼓励encourage sbto do sth 鼓励某人做某事discoura ge vt. 使……泄气discourage sb fromdoing劝阻某人不做某事enco uragement n.鼓励couragen.勇气54. energy n.精力,能量energetic adj.精力旺盛的befullofenergy=be energetic55.enjoyvt. 欣赏,喜欢;享受……之乐趣enjoy equality (freedom,peace) enj oydoingenjoyable adj.愉快的;有趣的enjoyment n.享受;令人愉快的事物Childrenlike toshare interests and enjoyments withtheirparents. 56.entertainv.招待,款待;使有兴趣;使快乐entertainmentn.娱乐活动entertaining adj.有趣的,使人愉快的57. environment n.环境environmental adj. environmentalprotection/conservation/preservation环境保护environmentalist n.环境学家58. equal adj.平等的vt.等于be equalto等同;胜任equally adv. treat sb equallyequalityn. the principleof equalitybefore thelaw 法律面前人人平等的原则59. equipvt.提供设备;装备equipment (UC) n. a pieceofequipmentbe equippedwithOur officeis equippedwith modern equipment.60.escape n/vi逃跑;被忘掉escape frombeing punished (punishment)a narrow escape九死一生anescaped prison 一名逃跑的犯人61. Europen.欧洲European adj.欧洲的n.欧洲人aEuropean 一名欧洲人62.evident adj.明显的evidence n.证据,迹象Thepolice haven’t foundout the convincing evidence.63. exam(examination) n.考试, 测验-----examinev. 检查, 调查, 考试Withtheapproach ofthecollege entrance examination, I study ha rderand harder.64. excellent adj.卓越的, 极好的-----excellence n.优秀,卓越, 优点,美德65. exhibit vt.展览; n.展品Visitors are requestednotto touch exhibits in themuseum.exhibitionn.展览,展览会There will be an exhibition on nextweek inthe sciencemuseum.65.existvi.存在existencen.生存,存在comeintoexistence 开始存在existing adj现存的,现行的existing laws现行法律Does life existon other planets?66. expect vt.预料,盼望;认为expect sbtodo I’m expecting your early reply.Don’t expect toomuchfromyourchild.不要对你的孩子期望太高。
词性转换(构词法)
英语构词法主要有三种:合成、转化和派生。
合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词;转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性;派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。
前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性,后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。
形容词转换为副词
动词、形容词转换为名词1.动词变名词的后缀
[特别注意]ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态,意为“感到……的”,通常修饰人;ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征,意为“令人……的”,通常修饰物或事。