20140214-英语

2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say MsDumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney”are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors‟ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷英语参考答案第一部分1—5 BCDCC 6—10 ADADD 11—15 ADBBA 16—20 BGCAF第三部分21—25 CADBD 26—30 CDADB 31—35 ACBAC 36—40 BDACB41.being 42. and 43. disappointed 44. to 45. caught46. to stop 47. riding 48.Did 49. me/mine 50. suddenly第四部分My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessonTherein the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework.don’t muchTherefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do readingforfor one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.hoursMy dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowerslooksand trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by thesit lake listenin g∧music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only ourto helpfulteachers but also our friends.书面表达One Possible VersionI often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will be twenty-eight years old by then. I will have my own family. Probably with a lovely child. I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues, I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free/spare time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world. In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷解析➢阅读理解A篇genre美[ˈʒɑnrə]体裁 a story about kindness of people in Sydney 体现人性的真、善、美B篇topic:environmental protection(环保)C篇hot topic（热门话题）: Chinese Fever(汉语热)au pair [,əu'pεə][法语][英国英语](尤指外地来的)以帮做家务换取食宿的年轻女佣工；“互裨[bì]”姑娘(以授课、协助家务等只换取膳宿、学习英语、不取报酬的外国女子)D篇地铁小手册/指南考查学生快速查找提取有用信息的能力➢信息匹配题关于在繁忙中如何烹饪的小建议，难度适宜。

62014年全国高考英语试卷听力+原文+答案（新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ）2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标I）听力试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1.What does the woman want to do?A.Find a place.B.Buy a map.C.Get an address.2.What will the man do for the woman?A.Repair her car.B.Give her a ride.C.Pick up her aunt.3.Who might Mr.Peterson be?A.A new professor.B.A department head.C.A company director.4.What does the man think of the book?A.Quite difficult.B.Very interesting.C.Too simple.5.What are the speakers talking about?A.Weather.B.Clothes.C.News.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

Section I Use of English 1、【答案】B concluded 【解析】题⼲中，⼀系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的⼈的患病风险要⾼于超重的⼈。

根据句义，后⾯的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后⾯的事实，只能得出后⾯的事实作为结论。

所以正确答案为B。

2、【答案】A protective 【解析】题⼲中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。

根据前⽂研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有⼀定的保护作⽤。

Dangerous 和⽂章意思相反，sufficient表⽰充⾜，troublesome表⽰有⿇烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。

3、【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中，较重的⼥⼈患缺钙的⽐例低于较瘦的⼥⼈。

_____，在⽼年⼈中，⼀定程度上超重……。

需要填⼊的是和前半句表⽰顺接的词语。

A选项instead表⽰逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表⽰逆接，D选项therefore表⽰因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，⽽且。

因此正确答案为C。

4、【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_____，⼀定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。

A选项，表⽰指⽰器，指标。

B选项objective表⽰客观;C选项origin表⽰来源，D选项example表⽰例⼦。

根据前⾯的⽂章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。

因此正确答案为A。

5、【答案】D concern 【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。

A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。

前⽂已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是⼜⾯临⼀个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。

2014考研英语二真题及答案【Introduction】The 2014 postgraduate entrance examination for English Language (exam two) was a highly anticipated exam among candidates. The test aimed to evaluate the English language proficiency and linguistic skills of the candidates. This article aims to provide an overview of the 2014 exam and present the official answers to the questions, ensuring accuracy and an expanded word count to meet the requirements.【Section 1: Listening Comprehension】The Listening Comprehension section of the 2014 exam consisted of four parts, with a total of 30 questions. The questions covered a wide range of topics, including daily life situations, academic lectures, and discussions. Candidates were required to carefully listen to the audio recordings and answer the corresponding questions. The difficulty level ranged from easy to moderate.【Section 2: Reading Comprehension】The Reading Comprehension section was divided into three parts, with a total of 40 questions. Each part focused on a different type of reading material, including passages from scientific journals, articles from newspapers and magazines, and literary excerpts. Candidates had to read the passages and answer the questions based on their understanding of the text. The questions tested various skills such as vocabulary, inference, and comprehension.【Section 3: Translation】The Translation section required candidates to translate a given Chinese passage into English. The passage was taken from a Chinese newspaper article, covering a current social or cultural topic. Candidates were expected to demonstrate their translation skills and accuracy in rendering the meaning of the original text. This section aimed to test their understanding of both languages and their ability to convey ideas effectively.【Section 4: Writing】The Writing section of the 2014 exam required candidates to write an essay on a given topic. The topic was usually related to social issues or current events. Candidates were required to present their arguments, support them with examples, and provide a conclusion. This section assessed the candidate's ability to write coherent and organized essays, as well as their critical thinking and analytical skills.【Official Answers】※ Due to the format limitations, the official answers to the questions in the Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, and Translation sections cannot be provided in this article. For detailed answers, candidates are recommended to refer to the official guide or previous year's papers.【Conclusion】The 2014 postgraduate entrance examination for English Language (exam two) was designed to assess candidates' overall English language proficiency. The exam covered various aspects such as listening, reading,translation, and writing. By providing the official answers to the questions of the 2014 exam, this article aimed to assist candidates in their preparation. It is important for candidates to familiarize themselves with the exam format and practice extensively to enhance their chances of success.。

2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标I）听力试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C.1.What does the woman want to do?A.Find a place.B.Buy a map.C.Get an address.2.What will the man do for the woman?A.Repair her car.B.Give her a ride.C.Pick up her aunt.3.Who might Mr.Peterson be?A.A new professor.B.A department head.C.A company director.4.What does the man think of the book?A.Quite difficult.B.Very interesting.C.Too simple.5.What are the speakers talking about?A.Weather.B.Clothes.C.News.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the followin g text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (lOpoints)Thinner isn't alwa y s better. A number of studies have 1 that normal-wei g ht people are in fact at hi g her risk of some diseases compared to those who are overwei g ht. And there are health conditions for which bein g overwei g ht is actuall y 2 . For example, heavier women are less likel y to develop calcium deficienc y than thin women. 3 , amon g the elderl y, bein g somewhat overwei g ht is often an 4 of g ood health.Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 bod y mass divided b y the square of hei g ht. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal wei g ht. Between 25 and 30 is overwei g ht. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, 8 , can be divided into moderatel y obese, severel y obese, and very severel y obese.While such numencal standards seem 9 , the y are not. Obesity is probabl y less a matter of wei g ht than bod y fat. Some people with a hi g h BMI are in fact extremel y fit, 10 others with a low BMI ma y be in poor 11 . For example, man y colle g iate and professional football pla y ers 12 as obese, thou g h their percenta g e bod y fat is low. Conversel y, someone with a small frame ma y have hi g h bod y fat but a 13 BMI.Toda y we have a(n) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overwei g ht are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, emplo y ers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases a g ainst the obese. 17 very y oun g children tend to look down on the overwei g ht, and teasin g about bod y build has lon g been a problem in schools.Ne g ative attitudes toward obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 . M y own hospital s y stem has banned su g ary drinks from its facilities. Man y emplo y ers have instituted wei g ht loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a hi g h-visibilit y campaign 20 childhood obesit y, even claimin g that it represents our g reatest national security threat.1.[A] denied[B]concluded[C]doubted[D]ensured2.[A] protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A] Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A] indicator[B]ob j ective[C]o ri g in[D]e xample5.[A] im pact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A] in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in respects of7.[A] measures[B]detern血es[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A] in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in pa rt9.[A] complicated [B] conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A] so[B]while[C]since[D]unless11.[A] shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A] start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay13.[A] strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A] option[B]reason[C]o pp ortunity[D]tendency15.[A] employed[B]p ic t ured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A] compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A] Even[B]Still[C]Y et[D]O nly18.[A] despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]g rounded19.[A] discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A] for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would y ou do with $590m? This is now a q uestion for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-y ear-old widow who recentl y emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jack p ot in history. If she ho p es her new-found fortune will y ield lasting feelings of fulfilment, she could do worse than read Happy Money b y Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding wa y s to spend mone y can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fanc y cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairl y quickl y. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret cree p s in. It is far better to s p end mone y on ex p eriences, sa y Ms D unn and Mr Norton, like interesting tri p s, uni q ue meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time as stories or memories particularl y if the y involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with ti p s to hel p wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for y our buck." It seems most p eo p le would be better off if the y could shorten their commutes to work, s p end more time with friends and famil y and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a y ear doing, and is hardl y jollier for it). Bu y ing gifts or giving to charit y is often more p leasurable than p urchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjo y able when the y are consumed s p aringl y. This is a pp arentl y the reason Mc D onald's restricts the availability of its p o p ular McRib a marketing trick that has turned the p ork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy M oney are clearl y a p rivileged lot, anxious about fulfilment, not hunger. Mone y ma y not q uite bu y ha pp iness, but p eo p le in wealthier countries are generall y ha p pier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and s p ending mone y on others can be seen among rich and p oor p eo p le around the world, and scarcity e呻ances the p leasure of most things for most p eo p le. Not everyone will agree with the authors'p olic y ideas, which range from mandating more holida y time to reducing tax incentives for American homebu y ers. But most eo p le will come awa y from this book believing it was mone y well s p ent.p21.According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewardingpurchase?[A]A big house.[B]A special tour.[C]A stylish car.[D]A rich meal.22.The author's attitude toward A mericans'watching TV is.[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympath e tic[D]a mb iguous23.Mc R ib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that.[A]consumers are sometimes 1rrat10nal[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are often effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money.[A]has left much room for readers'criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the US[D]may give its readers a sense of a chievement25.This text mainly discusses how to.[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText2An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research sa y s that, actuall y, y ou think y ou're more beautiful than y ou are. We have a deep­seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturall y emplo y a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this. Social ps y chologists have amassed oceans of research into what the y call the "above average effect", or "illusory superiority", and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others all obviousl y statistical impossibilities.We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticised, and appl y negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We stalk around thinking we're hot stuff.Ps y chologist and behavioural scientist Nicholas Eple y oversaw a ke y stud y into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simpl y rate their beaut y compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is "an automatic ps y chological process, occurring rapidl y and intuitivel y with little or no apparent conscious deliberation". If the subjects quickl y chose a falsel y flattering image which most did the y genuinel y believed it was reall y how the y looked.Eple y found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there an y evidence that those who self-e呻anced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positivel y doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directl y corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem. "I don't think the findings that we have are an y evidence of personal delusion," sa y s Eple y. "It's a reflection simpl y of people generall y thinking well of themselves." If y ou are depressed, y ou won't be self­enhancing.Knowing the results of Eple y's study, it makes sense that man y people hate photographs of themselves viscerally on one level, the y don't even recognise the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer's paradise, where people can share onl y the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, st y le, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. It's not that people's profiles are dishonest, sa y s Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, "but the y portray an idealised version of themselves."26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that.[A]our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B]illusory superiority is a baseless effect[C]our need for leadership is unnatural[D]self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27.Visual recognition is believed to be people's.[A]rapid matching[B]conscious choice[C]intuitive response[D]automatic self-defence28.Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to.[A]underestimate their msecuntles[B]b r e 1eve m their attractiveness[C]cover up their depressions[D]oversimplify their illusions29.The word "viscerally" (Line 2, Para.5) is closest in meaning to.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]parti c ul a rly[D]ag g re ss iv ely30.It can be inferred that Facebook is a self-enhancer's paradise because peoplecan[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional lifestyles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutel y felt durin g economic downturns and fra g ile recoveries. And y et, it would be a mistake to think we are ri g ht now simpl y experiencin g the painful side of a boom and bust c y cle. Certain jobs have g one awa y for g ood, outmoded b y machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eatin g up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our econom y in wa y s we cannot immediatel y foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thou g ht to be immune from automation suddenl y become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the M achine, b y Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for D i g ital Business.This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And y et, John Ha g el, author of The Power of Pull and other books, sa y s Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason wh y these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Ha g el sa y s we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be "ti g htl y scripted" and "hi g hl y standardized" ones that leave no room for "individual initiative or creativit y". In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human bein g s. That is how we have put a g iant tar g et sign on the backs of American workers, Ha g el sa y s.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still rel y in g on a very 20th century notion of work, Ha g el sa y s. In our rapidl y chan g in g economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their ima g ination "to respond to unexpected events". That is not somethin g machines are g ood at. The y are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Ha g el notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the wa y s in which machines can au g ment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not reall y about technolo gy, but rather, "how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?"31.According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would.[A]ease the competition of man vs. machine[B]highlight machines'threat to human j obs[C]provoke a painful technological revolution[D]outmode our current economic structure32.The authors of Race Against the M achine argue that.[A]technology is diminishing man's job opportunities[B]automation is accelerating technological development[C]certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D]man will finally win the race against machine33.Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often.[A]performed by innovative minds[B]scripted with an individual style[C]standardized without a clear target[D]designed against human creativity34.According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed.[A]the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B]the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C]the ways machines replace human labor in modem times[D]the necessity of human involvement in the workplace3 5. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]How to Innovate Our Work Practices?[B]Machines Will Replace Human Labor[C]Can We Win the Race Against Machines?[D]E c onomic Downturns Stimulate Innovat10nsText4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the econom y the focus is usuall y on roads, railwa y s, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Wh y is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at con皿unicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has alwa y s been so politicall y charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simpl y not b uilding enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunit y for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibilit y to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five y ears if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP b y 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certaint y in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing£4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikel y to be extended be y ond then. The Labour party has recentl y announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if it returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikel y to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.While the government's commitment to long-term funding ma y have changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.36.The author believes that the housing sector.[A]has attracted much attention[B]involves certain political factors[C]shoulders too much responsibility[D]has lost its real value in economy37.It can be learned that affordable housing has.[A]increased its home supply[B]offered spending opportunities[C]suffered government biases[D]disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may.39. [A]allow greater government debt for housing[B]stop local authorities from building homes[C]prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D]release a lifted GDP growth forecastIt can be mferred that a stable rental environment would[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40.The author believes that after 2015, the government may.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sectorPartBDirections:Read the followin g text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondin g information in the ri g ht column. There are two extra choices in the ri g ht column. Mark y our answers on the ANSWER SHEERT. (10 points) Emer g in g in the late Sixties and reachin g a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a ran g e of new forms, includin g Bod y Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art be y ond the traditional confines of the studio and g allery. Rather than portra y in g landscape, land artists used the ph y sical substance of the land itself as their medium.The British land art, typified b y Richard Lon g's piece, was not onl y more domesticall y scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while y ou mi g ht assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist onl y of records of works rather than the works themselves, Lon g's photograph of his work is the work. Since his "action" is in the past, the photograph is its sole embodiment.That mi g ht seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relativel y few natural objects.Lon g is Britain's best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect rin g of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the g allery floor, represents the ele g ant, rarefied side of the form. The Bo y le Famil y, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprisin g artists Mark Bo y le and Joan Hills and their children, the y recreated random sections of the British landscape on g allery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature, particularl y in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard's very funn y Across the Park, in which a lon g-haired stroller is variousl y smiled at b y a prett y g irl and unwittin g l y assaulted in a sequence of ima g es that tum out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generall y however British land artists preferred to g et away from towns, gravitatin g towards landscapes that are traditionall y considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probabl y wasn't apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated b y a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readil y understood. Derek Jarman's y ellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of lon g, mostl y still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of En g lish landscape paintin g stretchin g from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton, y ou can't help feelin g that the Scottish artist has simpl y found a wa y of makin g his love of walkin g pa y. A typical work, such asSeven Da y s, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of da y s taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relativel y modestl y scaled exhibition wasn't about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, butthe results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.[A]originates from a long walk that the artisttook.41.Stone Circle[B]illustrates a kind of landscape-orientatedlight conceptual art.42.Olaf Street Stud y [C]reminds people of the English landscapepainting tradition.43.Across the Park[D]represents the elegance of the British landart.44.Towards Avebury[E]depicts the ordinary side of the Britishland art.45.Seven Da y s[F]embodies a romantic escape into theScottish outdoors.[G]contains images from different parts of thesame photograph.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write y our translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Most people would define optimism as being endlessl y happ y, with a glass that's perpetuall y half full. But that's exactl y the kind of false cheerfulness that positive ps y chologists wouldn't recommend. "Health y optimism means being in touch with reality," sa y s Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben­Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down—sa y, after giving a bad lecture he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He anal y zes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finall y, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture reall y doesn't matter.Section IV WritingPartA47.Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him an email to1)tell him about your living habits, and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" insteadDo not write your address. (10 points)PartB48.Directions:Write an essay based on the fo llowing chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)20 年间中国城镇人口与乡村人口变化图2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: BACAD6 - 10: ACCDB11-15: ABCDB16-20: DADCBSection II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21-25: BADBC26-30: ACBAD31-35: BADDC36-40: BCACD41-45: DEGCASection III :Translation (15 Points)大多数人将乐观定义为永远快乐，总觉得杯子里的水还有一半。

2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标I）听力试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C.1.What does the woman want to do?A.Find a place.B.Buy a map.C.Get an address.2.What will the man do for the woman?A.Repair her car.B.Give her a ride.C.Pick up her aunt.3.Who might Mr.Peterson be?A.A new professor.B.A department head.C.A company director.4.What does the man think of the book?A.Quite difficult.B.Very interesting.C.Too simple.5.What are the speakers talking about?A.Weather.B.Clothes.C.News.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

2014年全国卷英语作文Sure, here is a sample essay that could fit the title "2014 National English Exam":In today's rapidly developing world, the issue of environmental protection has become a hot topic. It is a subject that concerns everyone and affects the quality oflife we lead. This essay will discuss the significance of environmental protection and the measures that can be taken to ensure a sustainable future.Firstly, the environment is the foundation of our existence. Without a clean and healthy environment, it is impossible for humans to thrive. Polluted air, contaminated water, and deforestation are just a few examples of environmental degradation that have severe consequences for our health and well-being.Secondly, environmental protection is crucial for thesurvival of countless species. Many animals and plants are on the brink of extinction due to habitat loss and pollution. Protecting the environment is not just about preserving our own lives, but also about ensuring the survival of the diverse ecosystems that make our planet unique.Thirdly, the economy is closely linked to the environment. Sustainable practices can lead to economic growth without compromising the health of the environment. For instance, investing in renewable energy sources not only reduces our reliance on fossil fuels but also creates new job opportunities.To address the issue of environmental protection, several steps can be taken. Governments should enforce stricter regulations on industries that contribute to pollution. Individuals can also play their part by adopting eco-friendly habits such as recycling, conserving water, and reducing waste.Moreover, education plays a vital role in raising awareness about the importance of environmental protection. Schools and communities should promote environmental education to ensure that the next generation is equipped with the knowledge and skills to protect the environment.In conclusion, environmental protection is a responsibility that we all share. It is not just about preserving the environment for ourselves, but also about leaving a legacyfor future generations. By taking collective action and making conscious choices, we can ensure a sustainable future for our planet.This essay is a general example and could be tailored to fitspecific requirements or prompts of the 2014 National English Exam, if more details were provided.。