1初中英语名词用法精讲精练公开课
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初中英语名词用法精讲精练A.名词的意义从英语语法角度来讲,表示人物、时间、地点、事物或抽象概念的词,我们通常称为名词。
例如:teacher,desk,Japanese,milk,physics等。
B.名词的种类总的来说,英语中的名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。
A.专有名词:表示人、地方、组织、事物、机构、等专有名称的名词。
专有名词的第一个字母要大写。
例如:Lucy,Shanghai,the Communist Party of China,the United States等。
B.普通名词:表示某一类人或事物或表示一个抽象概念的名称的名词。
例如:worker,boy,machine等。
普通名词又可分为以下四类:1.个体名词:表示个体的人或事物的名词。
例如:man ,pencil,chair,cat 等。
2.集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的总称的名词。
例如:class,police,family, furniture, team等。
3.物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名词。
例如:rice,glass,grass, water,porridge等。
4.抽象名词:表示状态、品质、动作、情感等抽象概念的名词。
例如:life,love, safety,happiness等。
C.名词的数名词的数是数量概念的语法表现,具体说来,是指名词的单数和复数两种形式,名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词两种。
个体名词和大多数集体名词一般是可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词,表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数两种形式;表示不可以计数的事物的名词叫不可数名词,一般不分单数和复数,初中阶段学过的不可数名词有:news,paper,milk,orange(桔子汁),bread,chalk (粉笔),truth(事实),water,rice(米),work,housework,homework,luck,ink,meat,money ,sugar,grass,ice等等。
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,不可以个数计算,要表示这类名词的个体性质应用单位词。
1.例如:a piece of bread/cake/chalk/ice/meat/music/news /paper/work/sugar; a bit of bread/grass/news/trouble/wood ; a bottle of ink/milk/orange juice; a glass of beer/milk,a cup of tea等。
D. 名词的复数可数名词由单数变为复数形式,其构成方法分为规则和不规则两种。
A)规则变化:(1)一般情况下,在词尾加-s,例如:boy-boys ,car- cars,book- books, train-trains,girl- girls.(2)以s,x, ch, sh结尾的单词,在词尾加-es,例如:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,wish-wishes.(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,把y变成i再加-es,例如:country-countries,factory-factories.(4)以元音字母加y结尾的单词,直接在词尾加-s,例如:day-days ,boy-boys.(5)以f或fe结尾的单词,把f或fe变为v,然后再加-es, 例如,leaf-leaves,life-lives.(6)以o结尾表示有生命食物的名词,加-es,例如potato-potatoes,hero-heroes.(7)以o结尾表示无生命事物的名词,加-s,例如,radio-radios,piano-pianos.B)不规则变化:1.单数、复数形式相同如:deer—deer(鹿),sheep—sheep(羊),fish—fish,Chinese—Chinese,people—people,Japanese-Japanese。
2.改变单数名词中的元音字母如:foot—feet,tooth—teeth,man—men ,woman—women。
3.含有man,woman的复合名词的变化如:Englishman—Englishmen,policewoman—policewomen,Frenchwoman— Frenchwomen,fisherman—fishermen。
4.其他变化如:child—children ,mouse—mice (老鼠),Russian—Russians,Canadian—Canadians,Australian—Australians,German—Germans。
Indian—Indians。
当名词做定语时数的变化当名词做定语修饰名词时,该修饰词永远都是单数,除了man ,woman. 例如; a girl student—five girl students, a shoe shop —shoe shops; a man doctor—two men doctors, a woman teacher—women teachers.C) 名词的所有格在英语中有些名词可以加's来表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者、动作承受者等意义,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。
1.一般在名词的词尾加“'s”这种形式来表示。
例如:the girl's chair,my sister's pen ,today's paper。
如果复数名词词尾以s结尾,一般加“'”。
例如:The boys' kites,the workers' factory,two hours' walk不以s结尾的复数名词要加“'s”这种形式来表示。
例如:women's shop,the children's study。
2.表示无生命的东西的名词(除了时间、距离、国家、城市、团体等无生命的东西)或不能加's的名词,通常都采用“of+名词”的结构表示所有关系。
例如:the gate of the school,the windows of the classroom.3.表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of词组表示所有格,特别是在名词较长,名词有较多或较长的定语的时候,常采用of词组表示所有关系。
例如:the story of M.Smith,the dog of the eight-year-old girl。
5. 若一样东西为两人共有,则后一个人名用所有格;如果不是两人共有,而是各有各的,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。
例如:Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露丝的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父亲和露丝的父亲都是工人。
(一)写出下列名词的复数形式。
1.bag _______ 2.orange _______ 3.factory _______ 4.wish _______ 5.leaf _______ 6.knife _______ 7.key _______ 8.baby _______ 9.tooth _______ 10.foot _______ 11.woman _______ 12.sheep _______ 13.Indian _______ 14.Japanese _______ 15.potato _______ 16.radio _______ 17.child _______ 18.fish _______ 19.Frenchman _______ 20.man doctor _______(二)选择填空。
1.The day before yesterday she told me _______ news.A.a good B.such a good C.so good a D.a piece of good2.I won't go there with you,for I have a lot of _______ to do.A.works B.job C.work D.working3._______ will conquer(征服)nature.A.The man B.A man C.The men D.Man4.Li Lei is a friend of _______ .A.I sister B.my sister's C.me sister D.my sister of 5.Have you read _______ ?A.today's B.today paperC.the today's paper D.today's paper6.The old woman feeds four _______ .A.piggs B.piges C.pigs D.pig7.There are seven _______ in a week.A.dayes B.days C.daies D.day8.Grade Three is divided into seven _______ in our school.A.class B.classes C.class's D.class'9.How many _______ are there in the room ?A.boxes B.box C.boxs D.boxxes10.There _______ all kinds of _______ in this shop.A.are;watches B.be;watchesC.is;watch's D.are;watchs11.His mother bought two _______ yesterday.A.brushs B.brushse C.brushes D.brush12.Many _______ have been built in our city since 1987.A.factorys B.factories C.factoryes D.factory 13.There are lots of _______ in the basket on the table.A.tomatos B.tomato C.tomatoss D.tomatoes 14.Whose _______ are these?A.photo B.photoes C.photos D.photoss15.The cat caught two _______ last night.A.mouses B.mice C.mouse D.mices16.Jack went to have two _______ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A.tooths B.tooth C.teeth D.toothes17.The leaning tower is about 180 _______ high.A.feet B.foot's C.foots D.feets18.There are many _______ on the hill.A.sheeps B.sheep C.sheepes D.sheep's19.There are six _______ and fifteen _______ in this workshop.A.mans;womans B.men;womenC.men;womans D.mans;women20.In our school there are fifty-five _______ .A.women teachers B.woman teachersC.women teacher D.woman 's teacher21. Come on, children. Help yourselves to some ______if you like.A.fish and chickenB. fish and chickenC.fish and chickensD. Fishes and chickens22.The woman over there is_____mother.A. Tom and JackB. Tom and Jack'sC.Tom's and JackD. Tom's and Jack's23._____ Day is on September 10th.A. TeacherB. TeachersC.Teacher'sD.Teachers'24. These are ________ books. Li Lin bought some at the Sun Bookstore and Jill bought some at the Blue Sky Bookstore.A. Li Lin's and JillB. Li Lin and Jill'sC. Li Lin's and JillD. Li Lin's and Jill's25.March 8th is _____Day.A.Woman'sB. Women'sC.Wmans'D.Womens'26.Today is ______Day.A.Mothers' DayB.Mother DayC. Mother's DayD.Mothers dayKey:I.1.bags 2.oranges 3.families。