基础英语复习--语法

when（时间）, where（地点）, why（原因） 指代先行词， 引导定语从句， 在从句中做句子成分
Beijing, which is the capital city of China, is a very beautiful city.
选词填空 which, that, who, whose, whom, as, when, where, why
5. Ancient China was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
6. The reason why Ancient China is marvellous lies in its extraordinary
7.
philosophers and their thought.
that lay in the house. 5.This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the
1 1
Lea>rn>目in录g Objectives:
定语从句定义
大关系词重难点复习
定语从句在写作中的应用
1
定语从句的定义
Guess who
她是一个滑雪者sh。e is?
Confucious 孔子
Appreciation
He is one of the most famous
educators in chinese history,
并
who comes from the state of Lu,
联
whom his students think highly of,
关系代词vs关系副词 Step 1 ：缺否 Step 2： 先行词特点 注意顺序，缺一不可

英语基础语法第一节词类和句子成分英语句子成分（8种）主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语、同位语1、主语是句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词、代词、动名词充当。

English is a foreign language. I like learning English. Learning English is interesting.2、谓语说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

I learn English every day.3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如：My name is Ping ping . I am happy. The book is mine.连系动词分类：（1）状态系动词：用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词。

He is a teacher. He is ill.(2) 感官系动词：look,feel, smell, sound, tasteYour mother looks young. This kind of cloth feels soft. The flower smells good.This song sounds great.. The soup tasted delicious.（3）表像系动词:seem, look 看起来好像He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.（4）持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况，主要有keep, stay keep和stay义为“保持”, remain 义为“仍然是，依然是”keep/stay healthy（5）变化系动词：变得become, turn, get, fall, go，grow等.become /get angry, famous, fat, ill, old, strong(人)become/ get cold ,dark, cloudy（天气）go 主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化(可用于人或事物)go bad, hungry, wrongHer face turned red/ green.fall ill/ silentgrow impatient6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"之意.The theory proved (to be ) wrong.His plan turned out (to be ) successful （turn out表终止性结果）4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

后 缀
数 词
-teen -ty -th
例
词
fourteen, fifteen, eighteen forty, fifty, eighty fourth, fifth, eighth
Practice (I):
从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词. 从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词
book lookers new far first trouble ten baby over empty
Practice (III):
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
development With the (1)____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is and getting more (2)________ more serious. In Beijing, many people of suffer different kinds of illnesses because (3)_______ air pollution. by Air pollution is caused (4)_____ the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, out buses on the roads, and they give (5)______ poisonous gases. 25%of factor air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)________ (fact) is the harm but smokers. Smoking not only does (7) ______ to their health(8)____ pollution also to others. Besides these, about 10% of air (9) ________ is caused by other reasons. against We should take some measures to fight(10)________ pollution. New fuel can be used to replace gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop the problem will be solved.

英语基础语法知识整理目录一、词的分类 (1)1、名词 (1)2、代词 (2)3、冠词 (3)4、数词 (3)5、形容词、副词 (4)6、介词 (5)二、基本句型 (5)1、主语+谓语 (5)2、主语+谓语+宾语 (5)3、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 (6)4、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 (6)5、主语+系动词+表语 (6)三、英语主要时态 (6)1、一般现在时 (6)2、一般过去时 (7)3、现在进行时 (7)4、过去进行时 (7)5、一般将来时 (7)四、从句句型 (8)1、宾语从句 (8)2、状语从句 (9)3、定语从句 (9)一、词的分类1、名词（1）名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。

不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。

物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。

不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。

要表示“一个……”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。

要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。

如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news 等。

（2）名词复数的规则变化A.一般情况下加-s。

B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-esC.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-esD.以f，fe结尾的，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es（3）名词的所有格A. 单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’s。

如：the worker's bike，the Children’ s ballB. 表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后’ s。

如：This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。