认知词汇

维克多词汇（一）一.重点词形变化1.easy_____________(adv)2.east ____________(adj)3.economy___________(adj,经济的)cate________________(n) _____________(adj)cation ______________(adj)6.effect ________(v.) ________ (adj)7.electricity __________(adj带电的) _________(adj.与电有关的)8.embarrass____________/____________(adj)____________(n) 9.emotion_______________(adj)10.employ__________________(n) 11.encourage______________(n.) 12.endanger ______________(adj.)13. energetic ______________________(adv.) 14.enjoy____________(adj.) _______________(n.)15. large____________(v.) 16.enter ___________(n.) 17.entertain___________(adj) ____________(n.)18.enthusiastic_______________________(adv) 19. environment______________________(adv)20.equal_______________(n.) ______________(adv) 21.equip________(pt/pp) ______________(n)22.able______________(v.) 23.elect_____________(n.) 24. edit________________(n.)二．重点短语1.渴望做某事eager _____________________________2.倾听ear_____________________3.谋生_________________________4.在世界上；究竟___________________________5.使某人放轻松________________________6.不紧张，放松_____________________7.收回前言，承认错误____________________ 8.吃光___________________9.比…占优势edge_______________________ 10.副作用_____________________11.使生效；实施_________________________ 12.实际上;在实施中；有效____________________13.开始生效；有作用_______________________ 14.努力做某事effort________________________15.不遗余力做某事____________________________ 16.忙于做某事（employ）___________________17. 使..能够做某事_____________________ 18.在...的尽头________________19. 最后，最终________________ 20. 连续地_________21.使收支相抵________________________22. 与....为敌__________________________23. 与......相等/能胜任...... __________________24.用...武装，装备___________________ 25.九死一生___________________________三．认知词汇1.earnings _______________2.ease the pain _______________3.echo _____________4.ecology_________________5.economical _________________6.economics__________7.ecosystem_______________ 8.edition__________________ 9.elevator____________10.editor___________________ 11.element_________________ 12.elegant__________13.emperor______________ 14.emphasis (n) emphasize(vt)______________15.empire______________ 16.encounter ______________17.cutting-edge ___________18. enormous____________ 19.inquiry/enquiry ___________ 20 enterprise _____________21. entitle _______________ 22. envy ___________ 23. erupt _____________四．巩固练习1.He is eager _______________(come).2.He died suddenly _____ his early 50s.3.Why _____ earth do you need a phone?4.He lives _______easy life.5.She is a highly ___________________(educate) woman.6.He received _______ good education.7.The medicine has some side ______________(effect).8.Either you or I ________(be) wrong.9.Kelly is __________________(雇佣) as a teacher.10.He _______________(清空) the drawer.11.He________ _________for honesty. 他因诚实而赢得赞扬。

短语动词(25组)l. break away 突然离开，强行逃脱down ①(机器等)损坏，出故障②(谈判等)破裂in(into) ①闯入②打断，插嘴off ①中断②断绝(关系等)out 爆发，发生through 突围，突破2）取得突破性成果up ①打碎，粉碎②终止，结束③散开，驱散2. bring about 导致，引起around ①说服，使信服②使恢复知觉down ①打落，打倒②降低forward 提出，提议②提前out ①1)生产，制造②出版，推出③使显出，显露up 养育，培养3．call for ①叫(某人)来②要求，需求in 叫(某人)进来，招来on ①拜访②号召off 取消up ①打电话(给) ②召集③使人想起4．come about 发生，产生·across 偶然遇见，碰上along ①出现，发生②进步，进展around ①苏醒，复原②顺便来访down 得，患(病，尤指传染性疾病)off 发生，举行②成功，奏效③脱落，分开on (表示鼓励，催促等)快，走吧②进步，进展③发生，开始out ①出现，显露②出版，发表③结果是to ①,总数为②涉及，谈到up 出现，走上前来up against 遇到(困难或反对)up to 等于，比得上up with 提出，想出(计划，答案，回答等)5．cut across 抄近路穿过，对直通过back (尤指规模上)削减，缩减down (尤指数量，数额上)削减，减少in 插嘴，打断②超车抢档off 切断，中断out 割去，删去6．get away ①走开，离开②逃脱across (使……)被了解，讲清楚along ①前进，进展②相处③继续生活at ①够得着，触及②意指，意思是by ①通过，过得去，尚可②(勉强)过活down ①写下，记下down to 开始认真对待，认真着手on with ①与……(友好)相处②(中断后)继续over ①从(疾病，悲伤等)中恢复过来②克服(困难)，解决(问题)through ①干完(工作)，完成(任务) ②度过(时间)③花光(钱等)④(将……)讲清楚⑤打通电话7．give away ①赠送②泄露in ①认输，让步，屈服②交上，呈上off 释放出，散发出out 分发，散发8. go after 追求along with 赞同，支持②陪同前往back on 违背(诺言等)by ①(时间)过去②遵守，遵循for ①去请，去拿②袭击③适用于in for ①从事②爱好into 调查，研究②从事，参加off 爆炸，响起②停止运行，(电等)中断③不再喜欢over 仔细查看，检查②复习through ①遭受，经历(苦难等) ②审查，检查，搜查③(法案)等被通过，(计划等)被批准9．hand down 把……传下来in 交上，递交on 把……传下去out 分发，发给over 交出，移交10．hang about 闲荡，徘徊on 等待片刻，不挂断(电话) ②坚持下去，抓紧不放③有赖于，取决于onto 紧紧抓住up 挂断(电话)11. hold back ①踌躇，退缩不前②阻挡，阻止……发展③保守(秘密等)，隐瞒on ①握住不放②等一会儿onto 紧紧抓住，抓住不放out ①伸出②坚持(要求)，不屈服up 阻挡，使延迟②举起，承载12. keep back 隐瞒，保留②阻止，抑制down ①压缩，抑制②压制，镇压off (使)不接近，(使)让开to 遵守，信守②坚持up ①(使)继续下去，(使)不停止②坚持，保持up with 跟上，不落后13．1ay aside 把……搁置一旁②留存，储存off (临时性)解雇down 放下②规定，制订out 安排，布置，设计②摆出，展示14．1et down ①放下，降低②使失望off ①放(炮，烟火)，开(枪) ②免除(工作，约束，责任等)③宽容，从轻处理15．1ook back ①回头看②回顾，回忆down on 看不起，轻视in 顺便访问，顺便看望into 调查，过问on 观看，旁观out 注意，留神over (简短地)审视，检查，浏览through ①(从头至尾)浏览②详尽核查up (在词典，书籍中)查找16．make for ①走向．．，向．．．前进②有助于，促成out ①看出，辨认出②理解，明白③开列(帐单，收据等)up ①构成②编造③化妆④弥补⑤和解17. pay back 偿还，还钱给(某人) 回报, 向……报复off 还清(计划等)得到好结果,取得成功up 全部付清18．pull down ①拆毁，拉倒②拉下，降低in (车)停下，进站，(船)靠岸out ①拔出，抽出，取出②(车，船等)驶出over 把(车)驶到或驶向路边through 克服困难，度过难关up (使)停下19．put aside 储存，保留across 解释清楚，说明away 拿开，收起down ①记下，放下②镇压，平定forward 提出,提议in ①花费,付出(时间精力等) ②正式提出,申请off ①推迟，推延②阻止，劝阻on ①穿上，戴上②上演，演出③增加(体重)out ①熄灭,关灯②公布,发布③伸出④生产up ①建造,搭起②举起,升起③张贴④提高(价格，速度等)⑤提供食宿，投宿up with 容忍，忍受20．run away with (感情等)战胜,不受.....的约束down (车辆)撞倒2)说......的坏话3)减少,缩减into 1)(车辆)猛力撞到2)遇到(困难) 3)偶然碰见4)共计,达到....out 用完，耗尽over (车辆)碾过through ①贯穿，普遍存在于②浏览21. see about 办理，安排off 给……送行to ①注意，负责，照料through 看穿,识破22．set aside ①拔出，留出②把……置于一旁，不理会about 开始，着手apart ①使分离，使分开②使显得突出back ①推迟，延缓，阻碍②使花费down 写下，记下off ①)出发,起程②)引爆,激起,引起out ①)动身,起程②开始③(整齐地)摆出④陈述,阐明up 创立,建立23．stand by ①做好准备,准备行动②袖手旁观③站在.....一边,支持,帮助④4)坚持(决议等)，遵守(诺言等)for ①代表，象征②主张，支持out ①突出，醒目②杰出，出色up for 拥护，维护，坚持(权利，真理，信念等)up to ①勇敢地面对，抵抗②经得起，顶得住24．take after (在外貌，性格等方面)与(父母)相象away 减去apart (将小型机器等)分解，拆卸，拆开down ①(将大型机器或物件)分解，拆卸，拆开②记下，写下in ①欺骗②领会，理解③接纳，接受，吸收④容纳，包括off ①起飞②脱下on ①承担,从事(工作,责任等) ②呈现,具有(某种外貌特征) 3)雇用over 接受,接管to ①对.....产生好感,喜欢①沉溺于,形成.....的习惯up ①开始从事(某项活动) ②把……继续下去③着手处理④(活动，事件等)占去，占据25．turn down ①拒绝②关小，调低in ①交还，上交②上床睡觉off ①关掉②拐弯，离开……转入另·一条路on 接通，打开out ①结果是，(最后)证明是②制造，生产over ①仔细考虑②翻过来③交，移交to ①变成②求助于，借助于up ①出现，到来②开大，调大短语动词练习(30 题)1. Now that spring is here, you can ________ these fur coats fill you need them again next winter.A) put over B) put off C) put down D) put away2. The continuous rain__________ the harvesting of the wheat crop by two weeks.A) set back B) set off C) set out D) set aside3. She's fainted. Throw some water on her face and she'll__________.A) come round B) come along C) come on D) come out.4. Computer technology will _________ a revolution in business administration.A) bring around B) bring about C) bring out D) bring up5. Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to ________the isolation of life in Alaska.A) break down B) break into C) break out D)break through6. I waited for him half an hour, but he never _________.A) turned in B) turned down C) turned off D) turned up7. Whenever a big company _______ a small one, the product almost always gets worse.A) gets on with B) cuts down C) takes over D) puts up with8. The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally_________.A) pulled out B) pulled through C) pulled up D) pulled over9. There was a big hole in the road which _________the traffic.A) kept down B) stood back C) held up D) set back10. Everything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the body's need for it from natural sources without turning _________ the salt bottle.A) up B) to C) on D) over11. In Disneyland every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to _________ signs asking his "guests" not to step on them.A) put down B) put out C) put up D) put off12. The bed has been _________in the family. It was my great-grandmother's originally.A) handed out B) handed over C) handed down D) handed round13. The early pioneers had to _________ many hardships to settle on the new land.A) go along with B) go back on C) go through D) go into14. Our son doesn't know what to_________ at the university; he can't make up his mind about his future.A) take in B) take up C) take over D) take after15. A lorry ________ Jane's cat and sped away.A) ran over B) ran into C) ran through D) ran down16. When he realized the police had spotted him, the man _________ the exit as quickly as possible.A) made off B) made for C) made out D) made up17. Frequently single-parent children _________ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served.A) take off B) take after C) take in D) take on18. We had to _________ a lot of noise when the children were at home.A) go in for B) hold on to C) put up with D) keep up with19. The car _________ halfway for no reason.A) broke off B) broke down C) broke up D) broke out20. Having decided to rent a flat, we ________ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.A) set about B) set down C) set out D) set up21. One day I _________ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby college.A) came across B) came about C) came after D) came at22. It is not easy to learn English well, but if you _______, you will succeed in the end.A) hang up B) hang about C) hang on D) hang onto23. The store had to ________ a number of clerks because sales were down.A) lay out B) lay off C) lay aside D) lay down24. A well-written composition _________ good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A) calls on B) calls for C) calls up D) calls off25. Y ou're _______ something __________ from me; what is it?A) cutting...off B) cutting...back C) keeping...off D) keeping...back26. She's jealous of your success, that's why she's running you________.A) out B) down C) over D) through27. Will you ask the porter to our luggage?A) see through B) see about C) see off D) see to28. Can you tell me where I can my fireworks?A) let off B) give off C) keep off D) put off29. A new theory is in his latest book.A) put up B) put on C) put off D) put forward30. Tom would what he thought is right no matter what the cost to him.A) stand up for B) stand up to C) stand for D) stand by参考答案: 1-5 DAABD 6-10 DCBCB 11-15 CCCBA16-20 BDCBA 21-25 ACBBD 26-30 BDADA名词短语1. N. + aboutcomplaint about/for 抱怨,不满concern about 关怀,照顾discussion about/on/of 讨论,辩论information about/on 信息,情报opinion about/on 对……意见2. N. + againstcaution against 注意complaint against 控诉,不满insurance against ……的预防措施law against 与……打官司;禁止……的法律protection against 防护spite against 怨恨war against 对……战争3. N. + foraffection for/toward 爱情, 亲情ambition for 有...... 的奢望anxiety for 渴望attraction for 吸引capacity for 有……的能力cause for ……的理由,根据consideration for 考虑,体谅contempt for 对……蔑视cure for 治愈,纠正demand for 要求,强求excuse for 借口explanation for/of 对……做解释longing for 对……向往,渴望love for 爱……necessity for 为...... 所需need for 需要,要求passion for 对……的热爱,热衷preference for 偏爱mason for ……的理由regret for 对……歉意reputation for 名声request for 请求,要求requirement for 要求respect for 对……的尊敬,敬意responsibility for 对……负有责任substitute for 代替sympathy for 同情,怜悯talent for 有……天赋wish for 希望,愿望4. N. + fromabsence from 缺席,离开divorce from 离婚freedom from (限制,不安)的解放, 免除relief from(痛苦的)减轻, (暂时的)解除resignation from 离职retirement from 退休shelter from 遮蔽,避开5. N.+inaim in 目标,目的belief in 相信,信仰confidence in信赖，信任difficulty in难题，难事delight in喜欢，乐于faith in信仰fall in降低increase in增长，增加pride in以……自豪progress in在……有进步rise in增长success in在……成功，有好结果trust in相信，信任6．N．+ofabstract of摘要attack of患……病，为……侵袭burst of一阵突发的……care of忧虑(的事)，照料choice of选择，任选density of密集，稠密doubt of／about怀疑，不确定echo of回声，附和者，应声虫extent of程度，范围glimpse of一瞥，瞥见hint of暗示，迹象identity of身份intention of意图，意向involvement of参与lack of缺乏，不足love of爱好，喜好neglect of对……的疏忽possibility of可能性proof of 证据，证物prospect of前景roar of轰鸣声rush of迅速运动，匆忙sight of看见symbol of象征way of方法，方式，手段7．N．+onattack on攻击authority on权威(者)comment on意见，评说congratulation on祝贺dependence on依赖，依靠effect on对……有效果，影响emphasis on强调，重视impression on对(某人)有印象impact on对……有影响influence on对……有影响judgment on根据……作判断lecture on讲授mercy on／to慈悲，同情operation on手术outlook on见解，见地pressure on对……的压力rliance on依赖，依靠remark on意见，评论8．N．+toaccess to进入(权)，通道admission to入学，入场(券)answer to回答approach to方法，(思)路attention to注意barrier to障碍：障碍物blindness to对……不知道clue to线索end to结束entrance to入口，大门(口)exception to例外exposure to暴露gratitude to对……感谢guide to指南honour to……之光荣indifference to对……无兴趣，不关心key to关键，答案marriage to与……结婚objection to反对opposition to反对reply to回答response to回答resistance to抵制，反抗，反对right to有……权利solution to解决(方法)9．N．+withacquaintance with／of认识，结识alliance with与……联盟bargain with 与……订约chat with与……闲谈common with与……有共同点connection with与……有关consultation with与……协商conversation with与……谈话familiarity with与……熟悉fault with……的问题，毛病sympathy with/for同情，同感talk with与……交谈the matter with有……事10．N．+overadvantage over利益，优势anxiety over担忧，忧虑control over控制priority over比……在先，优先权superiority over比……有优势名词短语练习(30题)1. There is a _________ of impatience in the tone of his voice.A) dot B) hint C) notion D) phrase2. Deserts and high mountains have always been a __________to the movement of people from place to place.A) jam B) barrier C) fence D) prevention3. Nancy is only a sort of ________ of her husband's opinion and has no ideas of her own..A) shadow B) sample C) reproduction D) echo4. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a _________ for smoking.A) succession B) substitute C) revival D) relief5. Every culture has developed ________ for certain kinds of food and drink, and equally strong negative attitudes toward others.A) preferences B) expectations C) fantasies D) fashions6. The author was required to submit an _________ of about 200 words together with his research paper.A) edition B) editorial C) article D) abstract7. British government often says that furnishing children with _________to the information superhighway is a top priority.A) access B) procedure C) allowance D) protection8. Researchers at the University of Illinois determined that the _________ of a father can help improve a child' s grades.A) involvement B) communication C) interaction D) association9. The _________ of finding gold in California attracted a lot of people to settle down there.A) prospects B) speculations C) stakes D) provisions10. The ________ of airplane engines announced a coming air raid.A) whistle B) exclamation C) roar D) scream11. It was in the United States that I made the_________ of Professor Jones.A) acknowledgement B) acquaintance C) recognition D) association12. His wife is constantly finding _________ with him, which makes him very angry.A) errors B) shortcomings C) fault D) flaw13. The police are trying to find out the _______ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A) evidence B) recognition C) status D) identity14. The film provides a deep ________ into a wide range of human qualities and feelings.A) insight B) imagination C) fancy D) outlook15. Britain has the highest __________of road traffic in the world - over 60 cars for every mile of road.A) popularity B) density C) intensity D) prosperity16. Many people like white color as it is a _________ of purity.A) symptom B) sign C) symbol D) signal17. In a sudden of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A) attack B) burst C) split D) blast18. Does everyone on earth have an equal right __________ an equal share of its resources?A) by B) at C) to D) over19. Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong _________ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.A) motivation B) perspective C) impression D) impact20. A _________ to this problem is expected to be found before long.A) result B) response C) settlement D) solution21. The newspaper did not mention the _________ of the damage caused by the fire.A) range B) level C) extent D) quantity22. After the robbery, the shop installed a sophisticated alarm system as an insurance further losses.A) for B) from C) against D) towards23. Lightning is a __________ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.A) rush B) rainbow C) rack D) ribbon24. I caught a _______ of the taxi before it disappeared around the comer of the street.A) vision B) glimpse C) look D) scene25. The _________ of blood always makes him feel sick.A) sight B) view C) look D) form26. The doctor told Penny that too much _________ to the sun is bad for the skin.A) exposure B) extension C) exhibition D) expansion27. She's got the job because she had the advantages _________ others of knowing manylanguages.A) against B) to C) with D) over28. In order to avoid students' utter ________ on teachers, students should be taught how to learn instead of what to learn.A) independence B) dispensation C) reliance D) confidence29. This can lead to unnecessary _________ over a child's quite Norman behavior.A) emotion B) feeling C) pressure D) anxiety30. The Prime Minister refused to ________ on the rumor that he had planned to give up his position.A) relate B) treat C) comment D)state参考答案: 1-5 BBDBA 6-10 DAAAC 11-15 BCDAA16-20 CBCDD 21-25 CCABA 26-30 ADCDC形容词短语1．adj．+aboutdoubtful about对……怀疑excited about因……而激动enthusiastic about对……热心happy about因……而高兴indifferent about对……不在意mad about对……着迷；因……而生气optimistic about对……乐观，有信心particular about对……很讲究，挑剔uneasy about对……忧虑，担心2．adj.+atamazed at对……感到惊奇bad at不善于clever at擅长于expert at精通于furious at对……感到愤怒good at擅长于indignant at对……感到愤慨quick at对……敏捷skillful at对……熟练slow at对……迟缓，笨拙startled at对……感到吃惊strange at对……生疏3．adj.+forcompetent for胜任……convenient for对……便利，方便eager for渴望……fit for对……适合hungry for渴求……late for参加……迟到了，未赶上qualified for对……合格，有资格responsible for对……负责；是造成…的原因suitable for对……适合4．adj.+fromabsent from从……缺席distinct from与……有差别inseparable from与……不可分开safe from没有遇到……危险5．adj．+inabsorbed in专心于engaged in忙于，从事于experienced in在……有经验lacking in缺乏……proficient in精通……rich in在……富有6．adj．+ofaware of意识到……，知道……ashamed of对……感到羞愧characteristic of ……的特色，特征confident of确信，相信considerate of体谅……，替……着想的conscious of意识到……critical of对……苛求，不满fearful of为……而担心fond of喜爱……guilty of犯有……罪ignorant of对……无知，不知independent of不受……的支配jealous of嫉妒……short of缺乏……typical of……的典型worthy of值得……7．adj．+toagreeable to欣然同意……alive to对……敏感，感觉到applicable to适用于awake to意识到……beneficial to有利于，有益于blind to对……不明，没有察觉contrary to 同……相反deaf to不听……equivalent to相当于，等同于essential to对……重要fundamental to对……非常重要indifferent to对……漠不关心inferior to低于，次于loyal to忠于necessary to对……必要的opposed to反对opposite to与……相反，在……对面peculiar to限于，是……特有的preferable to比……更可取，比……更好relevant to与……有关second to仅次于sensitive to对……敏感subject to易遭受……，易受……的支配superior to优于，高于8．adj．+withacquainted with对……精通，了解．associated with联系到……，联想到……consistent with与……一致，与……相符content with满足于disappointed with对……失望firm with对……严格frank with对……坦率generous with用……很慷慨gentle with对……和蔼gifted with具有……的天赋identical with与……完全相同ill with患……病level with与……同水平，同高度patient with对……有耐心popular with受……欢迎satisfied with满足于，对……满意形容词段与练习（30题）1. It's very _______ of you not to talk aloud while the baby is asleep.A) concerned B) careful C) considerable D) considerate2. Some plants are very ________ to light; they prefer the shade.A) sensible B) flexible C) objective D) sensitive3. Color and sex are not relevant _________ whether a person is suitable for the job.A) to B) on C) for D) with4. You will not be _________ about your food in time of great hunger.A) special B) particular C) peculiar D) specific5. A dark suit is _________ to a light one for evening wear.A) favourable B) suitable C) preferable D) proper6. Their products are frequently overpriced and ______ in quality.A) influential B) inferior C) superior D) subordinate7. The author of the report is well _________ with the problems in the hospital because he has beenworking there for many years.A) informed B) enlightened C) acquainted D) acknowledged8. It is said that the math teacher seems __________ towards bright students.A) partial B) beneficial C) preferable D) liable9. He is ________ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding D) obvious10. The director was critical, ___________the way we were doing the work.A) at B) in C) of D) with11. Tom is very disappointed ________ the result of the exam.A) with B) for C) toward D) on12. The committee is totally opposed __________ any changes being made in the plans.A) of B) on C) to D) against13. Our new house is very ________for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.A) adaptable B) comfortable C) convenient D) available14. Y ou should have been more patient ________ that customer; I'm sure that selling him the watch was a possibility.A) of B) with C) for D) at15. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _________ for living expense.A) acceptable B) available C) advisable D) applicable16. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _________ children as Coca-Cola.A) for B) in C) to D) with17. Physics is__________ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.A) alike B) equivalent C) likely D) uniform18. A healthy life is frequently thought to be _________ with the open countryside and homegrown food.A) tied B) bound C) involved D) associated19. Cancer is second only _________ heart disease as a cause of death.A) of B) to C) with D) from20. It does not alter the fact that he was the man __________ for the death of the little girl.A) accounting B) guilty C) responsible D) obliged21. I've been truly astonished __________ the number of people who believe it.A) in B) at C) with D) of22. We believe that the younger generation will prove _________ of our trust.A) worth B) worthless C) worthy D) worthwhile23. Mr. Tong is proficient _________ his work.A) in B) at C) with D) of24. We are all very grateful ________ you for your help.A) in B) to C) with D) at25. She is blind his defects.A) to B) for C) at D) in26. Everything on earth is subject ________ the laws of nature.A) with B) of C) for D) to27. What you have done is _________the doctor's advice.A) attached to B) contrary to C) resistant to D) responsible to28. He is an honest person. His actions are always ___________ his words.A) contrary to B) contradicted by C) agreed on D) consistent with29. This is not typical _________ Chinese, but a feature of the Thai language.A) to B) of C) for D) about30. He was _______ of his brother because he could afford to give so much.A) generous B) content C) envious D) frustrated参考答案：1-5 DAABC 6-10 BCAAC 11-15 ACCBB16-20 DBDBC 21-25 BCABA 26-30 DBDBCCET-4 中的介词短语试题介词短语是历年词汇和语法结构试题的一个常考点，每年都有一至两道试题。

Unit 1 School and NumbersLesson 1一、知识目标：1.掌握词汇及短语：My name is …What’s your/her/his name?2.认知词汇及短语：hello, hi,meet,and,China,Canada3.句型：What’s your/her/his name? My /His/Her name is . I live in .二、重点知识详解：1.my,your,his,her,its这些都是形容词性物主代词，用在名词前，作定语。

例如：his name,her mother,my teacher2.What’s your name ?是询问对方某某的特殊疑问句，后面可以加上please,以表示客气、礼貌。

该句多见于入学报名时老师问学生；求职时老板问求职人员；登记住宿时，服务员问顾客等场合。

也可以直接说：your name ,please?询问对方某某时还多用May I have your name,please?3.Meet Li Ming and Jenny.认识一下李明和詹妮。

此句相当于”Please e and meet Li M ing and Jenny./Let’s meet Li Ming and Jenny.”。

句中的meet用作及物动词，是“结识，引见”的意思。

Lesson 2一、知识目标1.掌握词汇及短语：you, I,am.2.认知词汇及短语：thank, too3.表达法：How are you? I’m fine. Nice to meet you..二、重点知识详解：Have a lovely day.（愿你，祝你）玩的愉快！(度过快乐的一天！)此句是表示祝福的用语，相当于“May you have a lovely day!” (may用于祈使句的句首，表示“祝愿”。

）Lovely是形容词，意思是“愉快的”。

例如：Have a lovely afternoon.原你度过一个愉快的下午。

认知词汇111.colon n.结肠2.colonel n.上校3.colossal a.巨大的a n.昏迷bustion n.燃烧，氧化mittee n.委员会，全体委员7. communism n.共产主义8. communist n. 共产党员a.共产主义的9. companion n.同伴，伴侣pass n.罗盘，指南针，圆规petence n.能力，胜任，权限plexion n. 肤色，情况，局面，气质，性格position n.组成，构成，作文14.concave a.凹面的15.conceivably 可想到地16.concentric a.有同一中心的17. concerted a.协同的，一致的18. concerto n. 协奏曲19. concomitant a.伴随的20. condenser n.冷凝器，电容器21.conduit n. 管道，导管22.configuration n. 布置，布局，构造23.Confucianism n.儒教，儒家25.congenital a. 先天的，天生的26. conjectural a.推测的，猜测的27.conjugate v.结合，成对28.conjunctiva n.结膜29. conjuncture n.结合，紧要关头30. connoisseur n.鉴赏家，行家31.consort v.结交，配对n.配偶32.consortium n.集团，财团，社团，协会33.conspiratorial a.阴谋家的，阴谋的34.constellation n.星座，星群35. constipation n.便秘36. constrict v. 压缩，收缩，阻塞。

《综合英语》课程标准课程代码：2212001适用专业：商务英语专业一、课程概述1．课程性质《综合英语》课程是英语专业基础阶段一二年级学生的专业主干课程。

根据《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》的“英语专业课程描述”，《综合英语（基础英语）》课程是一门综合英语技能课，主要培养学生英语听说读写的基本功，使学生熟练掌握以英语为工具进行交流。

同时它是《大学英语四/六级强化训练》课程、《商务英语阅读与写作》课程的基础，为学生顺利通过CET4/6打下基础。

2．课程设计思路针对《综合英语》的课程性质和任务，该课程的设计思路是以提高学生的英语基础知识为中心，切实的为学生打好英语基础，并为其大二、大三的专业英语的学习奠定坚实基础。

根据我校英语专业学生特点，其设计思路是：以就业为导向，以学生为中心，培养高技能的英语人才。

“高技能”一般指良好的听、说、读、写、译能力，由于我校学生专业背景的特殊性，《综合英语》还需关注英语文化知识的渗透。

(1)教学理念的改革。

突破以往的以英语语言知识的输入训练为指导的教学观念，将课程教学与学生的能力培养，特别是创新素质的培养有机地结合起来，将课程教学作为素质教育的有效载体；利用语言与文化间的纽带关系，在语言教学的同时，引导学生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观；突出学生主体，尊重个体差异，确立为“学”而“教”的指导思想；培养学生拥有良好的学习能力；将教书育人的过程转化为学生扎实的基本功，综合的知识结构，创新精神、创新能力和创新人格形成和发展的过程。

(2)教学内容的改革①摒弃“教教材”，采用“用教材”。

改革传统的以语言为目的的教学内容和方法，充分调动学生的原有知识，活化课堂讲授的学习内容。

即将课本“为我所用”，而不是“我跟着课本走”。

②综合英语是一门理论联系实际，实践性很强的课程。

因此，综合英语课的教学内容由课堂教学和第二课堂教学两个部分组成。

我系引进了一套英语网络学习平台，包括课文参考资料供学生预习、复习，更多的是课外的资料，如：英语词汇点滴；英语文化拾取；英语小说集锦；美国电视欣赏等等，丰富学生的英语文化知识，扩展眼界，缩小与母语国家文化的距离。

认知词汇语义学的主要理论及其运用周启强 谢晓明(湖南科技大学,湘潭411201;华中师范大学,武汉430079)提 要:词汇语义研究是认知语言学的基础和最重要的组成部分。

本文旨在简要阐述认知词汇语义学主要研究内容基础上,诠释并讨论认知词汇语义学主要理论的基本观点及其在词义描写和解释中的具体运用,指出认知词汇语义学关注的并非对语言内部词义特征作出孤立的解释,而是力图通过词义分析以揭示和解释人类认知活动本质与机制。

关键词:认知词汇语义学;主要理论;运用中图分类号:H0-05 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-0100(2009)03-0052-4Cognitive Lexical Se m antics:Important Theories and Their ApplicationsZhou Q i q i a ng X ie X iao m ing(H unan U ni v ers it y of Science and T echno l ogy,X i ang tan411201,China;H uazhong N or m a lU n i versity,W uhan430079,Ch i na)Lex ical se m antic research is the foundati on and the most i m po rtant part of cogn iti ve lingu i sti cs.T his paper,after a br i e f re v ie w o f the m a j o r top i cs cogn iti ve l ex ica l se m anti cs is concerned w ith,g ives an account of the m a i n i deas of several i m portant the o ries i n t h is fie l d and t he ir ro l e i n the descripti on and exp l ana ti on o f lex icalm eani ng.It is po i n ted tha t lex i ca l se m antics a i m s not to g i ve an i so lated explana ti on o fw ord meaning,but to reveal the nature and m echan i s m of human cogn ition on the basi s o f word m ean i ng ana l ys i s.K ey word s:cogniti v e lex i ca l se m anti cs;i m po rtant theor i es;app licati on1 引言我们对20年来认知语言学涉及词义研究的重要文献进行了梳理,认为20年来的认知词汇语义研究主要包括以下4个方面的核心内容:(1)词义的范畴结构及其产生的认知背景;(2)多义词、词义的历时变化及语法化背后的认知机制;(3)对范畴化、认知模型、隐喻和意象图式等认知机制本身的理论探讨;(4)对词义本质的探讨。

量词认知认识常用的量词词汇在日常生活中，我们经常会用到各种各样的量词来描述事物的数量。

了解并正确使用量词是提高语言表达准确性的重要一步。

本文将介绍一些常用的量词词汇，帮助读者提升量词的认知认识。

一、基础量词1. 个：用于一般事物的计数，如一个苹果、两个杯子等。

2. 只：一般用于动物或有双腿的事物的计数，如一只猫、三只鞋子等。

3. 张：用于平面物体的计数，如一张桌子、两张纸等。

4. 辆：用于车辆的计数，如一辆汽车、三辆自行车等。

5. 根：用于细长物体的计数，如一根铅笔、两根火柴等。

6. 杯：用于质量和容量的计量，如一杯水、两杯咖啡等。

7. 支：用于长条状物体的计数，如一支笔、两支筷子等。

8. 匹：用于马匹的计数，如一匹马、三匹骡子等。

二、时间量词1. 秒：表示时间的最小单位，如一秒钟、三秒钟等。

2. 分：表示时间的较小单位，如一分钟、半小时等。

3. 时：表示一小时的时间，如一小时、两小时等。

4. 天：用于表示一天的时间，如一天、三天等。

5. 周：用于表示一周的时间，如一周、两周等。

6. 月：用于表示一个月的时间，如一个月、三个月等。

7. 年：用于表示一年的时间，如一年、五年等。

三、空间量词1. 米：用于表示长度的计量，如一米长、两米高等。

2. 公里：用于较长的长度计量，如一公里、三公里等。

3. 千米：用于表示较远距离的计量，如一千米、五千米等。

4. 平方米：用于表示面积的计量，如一平方米、三平方米等。

5. 立方米：用于表示体积的计量，如一立方米、两立方米等。

6. 克：用于表示重量的计量，如一克、三克等。

7. 千克：用于表示较大重量的计量，如一千克、五千克等。

四、货币量词1. 元：表示中国货币的基本单位，如一元、五元等。

2. 角：表示人民币的较小面值，如五角、六角等。

3. 毛：表示人民币的较小面值，相当于角，如一毛、二毛等。

4. 分：表示人民币的最小面值，如一分、三分等。

五、抽象量词1. 次：用于表示动作的频率，如一次、三次等。

一年级学习认读简单的词语一、认读动物名词动物是孩子们最熟悉的事物之一，通过认读简单的动物名词，可以拓展孩子们的词汇量及对动物世界的认知。

1. 狗(gǒu)：狗是人类的朋友，它忠诚友好，是许多家庭的宠物。

2. 猫(māo)：猫是一种温顺的动物，许多人喜欢养它作为宠物。

3. 鸟(niǎo)：鸟儿会在天空中飞翔，它们有美丽的羽毛和悦耳的叫声。

4. 鱼 (yú)：鱼生活在水中，它们有鳞片和鳍，可以游得很快。

5. 虎(hǔ)：虎是世界上最大的猫科动物之一，它们有强壮的身体和锋利的牙齿。

二、认读水果名词水果是孩子们喜爱的食物之一，通过认读简单的水果名词，可以培养孩子们对健康饮食的意识。

1. 苹果(píngguǒ)：苹果是一种常见的水果，它既美味又营养，有很多不同的品种。

2. 香蕉(xiāngjiāo)：香蕉是一种形状弯曲的水果，它含有丰富的维生素和矿物质。

3. 葡萄 (pútao)：葡萄可以生吃，也可以用来制作葡萄酒，它有许多不同的颜色和品种。

4. 草莓(cǎoméi)：草莓是小巧可爱的水果，它有鲜艳的颜色和甜美的味道。

5. 橙子(chéngzi)：橙子是一种柑橘类水果，它含有丰富的维生素C，可以提高免疫力。

三、认读日常用品名词认读日常用品名词有助于孩子们熟悉身边物品，并能正确表达自己的需求。

1. 笔(bǐ)：笔是用来写字或者画画的工具，有不同颜色和形状的笔。

2. 书(shū)：书是一种记录知识和故事的载体，阅读书籍可以丰富我们的知识。

3. 衣服(yīfu)：衣服是我们穿在身上的物品，有各种各样的样式和材质。

4. 鞋子 (xiézi)：鞋子是保护我们脚部的物品，有不同的款式和适用于不同场合的鞋子。

5. 手表(shǒubiǎo)：手表用来显示时间的装置，让我们能够掌握时间并合理安排日程。

四、认读数字名词认读数字名词是培养孩子们对数学概念的认识的重要途径，通过简单的数字认读，可以提升孩子们的数学能力。

开阔视野,增长见识的英文高级词汇智识拓展的深刻词汇宝库认知锐化Erudite: 博学多识，拥有广泛的知识Sagacious: 明智，具有敏锐的判断力Discerning: 敏锐，能够辨别细微差别观念拓展Paradigm: 一个框架或模型，塑造着我们对世界的理解 Weltanschauung: 世界观，个人或群体的基本信念体系 Hegemony: 一种思想或观念的支配性影响理解深度Exegesis: 对文本或观点的详细解释Hermeneutics: 解释学，理解文字或符号的原则Cognition: 认知，获取、处理和存储信息的思维过程知识获取Serendipity: 意外发现或发现，通常是通过好奇和偶然 Epiphany: 突然的顿悟，带来新的理解Illumination: 一种开悟或洞察力，照亮了先前的黑暗智力敏捷Inquisitive: 好奇，渴望学习Astute: 机智，能迅速理解情况Versatile: 多才多艺，能够轻松适应不同的环境批判性思维Dialectic: 一种通过对话和辩论来探索思想和论点的过程Skepticism: 对主张持怀疑态度，要求证据Cogitation: 深思熟虑，对问题进行深入思考观念交融Syncretism: 不同信仰或观点的融合Intertextuality: 文本之间相互关联和影响Cross-fertilization: 不同学科或知识领域的思想和方法的相互影响视野开阔Cosmopolitan: 世界主义，具有对不同文化的理解和欣赏Polymath: 博学，精通多个领域Eclectic: 兼收并蓄，从多种来源汲取思想和灵感知识的演变Zeitgeist: 时代精神，一个特定时代占主导地位的思想和观念Paradigm shift: 范式转变，一种旧思维方式向新思维方式的根本性转变Intellectual revolution: 智力革命，思想和知识的重大转变智力探险Exploration: 探索，寻求新知识或经验Discovery: 发现，获得以前未知的信息或事实Illumination: 一种洞察力或启示，照亮了先前的黑暗智识的回报Enlightenment: 开化，从无知或迷信中解放出来 Empowerment: 赋权，通过知识获得力量和控制权 Fulfillment: 充实，通过智力追求获得满足感。