tododoing和done作补语的比较

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to do、doing和 done 作补语的比较1. w ith +宾+done,表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系,且意味着该动作已经完成或无时间性;2. w ith +宾+doing,表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示动作的持续进行;3. w ith +宾+to do,则表示将来的动作, 宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系,注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。

如:1. The murderer was brought in,with his hands _________ ehind his back.(全国卷)A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied【分析】答案选D。

his hand与tie 是被动关系,且带进时应己捆绑好了,表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作宾补。

2. With a lot of difficult prob lems , the newly-elected p resident is having a hard time. (上海春)A. settledB. settingC. to s ettleD. being settled【分析】答案选C。

由语境可知,问题还没有解决,用不定式指将来的动作。

3. Peter soon fell asleep withthe light still ______ (burn).二、其宾语后可用分词或不定式的4 个动词在leave, want, get, have 等动词的宾语后面可接doingdone或to do。

现分述如下:①leave…doing让--- 一直(主动、持续进行);leave…todo让…去做(主动、将来);leave・・・don被动)。

女口:1) Don t leave the water _____ wh ile you brush your teeth.(天津卷) A. run B. running C. bei ng run D. to run2) Leave the door firmly ______ (f asten)让门紧闭着;3) Leave her _____ (do) as she like s让她去做她喜欢做的事。

②want sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定);want sb. to do要某人做某事;want sth. done=want sth. to be done被动)。

女口:1) I don" twant you ________ arri ve) late.2) I want the letter _________ (op en) now.3) The boss wanted his workers ____ (finish) the job by Friday.③get sb. to do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来);get…doing使… 处于某一状态中(主动、持续);get …done=havesth. done 请人做/ 遭受(被动)。

如:1)_______________________ I ' ltlry to get her _____________ the doctor. (上海卷)A. seeB. seeingC. to seeD. for seeing【分析】答案选C。

get sb. todo sth. 使某人做某事。

请比较:2)T he teacher got the children tal king.让孩子说起话来;get the comp uter repaired 将电脑送去修理;get his wrist broken 折断了手腕。

④ have sth. done=get sth. don e请人做某事;have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人/某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态;have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(见使役动词);have sth. to do 有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部分)。

如:1. She had her audience listen ing attentively. 他使观众听得入神。

2. He didn 'kt eep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch . (上海卷)A. to repairB. repairedC. r epairingD. repair【分析】答案选B。

his watch 与repair是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补。

三、可用分词但不用to do作补语的5个动词keep, find等后可用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)作补语,一般不用to do。

在catch(撞见),smell(闻到),start(使)等后通常只接现在分词作补语,不用不定式或过去分词。

女口:1. It was so cold that they ke pt the fire ___________ a ll night.(全国卷)A. to burnB. burntC. burni ngD. burned【分析】答案选C。

keep…doin g 让…一直保持某种状态:让那盆火整夜燃着。

2. A cook will be immediatelyfired if he is found _________ in the kitchen. (全国卷)A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked【分析】答案选B。

find 后一般不能用to do 作补语。

he 与smoke 是主动的,用ing 形式作主语补语。

3. He looked around and cau ght a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger』安徽卷)A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting【分析】答案选D。

后通常只接现在分词作补语,catch sb. doing st h.撞见某人在做某事。

4. The salesman scolded the girl caught ________ and let her of f.(全国卷)A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing【分析】答案选D。

caught stea ling=who was caught stealing 本句相当于:The salesman caught the girl stealing. He scolded her and t hen let her off.在表示认为”的think, consider, believe, suppose, prove, find, und erstand, judge, imagine 等动词后,可跟to be作补语(认为…是…)一一般不跟to do;但在think, consider,believe等之后可跟to have done作补语(认为…做了…)女口:Charles Babage is generally c onsidered _______ the first comp uter.(全国卷)A.to have invented B・inventing C.t o invent D .having invented【分析】答案选A。

本题是consider sb. to have done 的被动式。

make oneself 后常用understood等过去分词作宾补make oneself understood / heard / seen / known 让别人明白自己的意思/ 让自己讲的话被别人听到/ 让自己被别人看到/ 让自己被别人认识。

如:1. The speaker raised his voic e but still couldn 'mt ake himself _ . (全国卷)A. hearB. to hearC. hea ringD. heard【分析】答案选D。

make hims elf heard 让他讲的话被别人听到。

2. Helen had to shout ______ __ above the sound of the music. (广西卷)A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. t o make herself heard【分析】答案选D。

使自己讲的话被别有听到,用make oneself hea rd ,排除A和B;作目的状语用不定式,排除C。

在be said / reported等后用不定式在be said, be reported, be believe d, be supposed,be thought 等后面,以及要求接不定式。

1. He was reported to have b roken the world record・据报道他打破了世界纪录。

(=lt is reported that he has b roken the world record・)2. The flu is believed ________ _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human no se and throat. (上海卷)A. causeB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused【分析】答案选C。

be believed后要接动词不定式,排除A和B;又因为the flu与cause是被动关系,所以要用不定式的被动式。

The flu is believed to be caus ed…=It is believed / People believ ethat the flu is caused ••人们认为…3. Robert is said ________ ab road, but I don' tknow what coun try he studied in. (全国卷)A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying【分析】答案选A。