(艺术生专用)高考数学总复习 第三章 三角函数、解三角形 第2节 同角三角函数的基本关系与诱导公式课

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word 1 / 3 第2节 同角三角函数的基本关系与诱导公式

1.(2020·某某市一模)已知sin π2+α=13,α∈(0,π),则 sin (π+2α)等 于( )

A.79 B.-79

C.429 D.-429

解析:D [由sin π2+α=13,可得cos α=13,

∵α∈(0,π),∴sin α=1-cos2α=223,

∴sin (π+2α)=-sin 2α=-2sin αcos α=-13×2×223=-429.故选D.]

2.(2020·某某市一模)已知tan θ=2,则sin θ+cos θsin θ+sin2θ的值为(

)

A.195 B.165

C.2310 D.1710

解析:C [∵tan θ=2,则sin θ+cos θsin θ+sin2θ=1+1tan θ+sin2θsin2θ+cos2θ

=1+12+tan2θtan2θ+1=32+44+1=2310.故选C.]

3.(2020·某某市模拟)1-2sinπ+2cosπ-2等于( )

A.sin 2-cos 2 B.sin 2+cos 2

C.±(sin 2-cos 2) D.cos 2-sin 2

解析:A [1-2sinπ+2cosπ-2

=1-2sin 2cos 2=sin 2-cos 22=|sin 2-cos 2|=sin 2-cos 2.]

4.若1+cos αsin α=3,则cos α-2sin α=( )

A.-1 B.1

C.-25 D.-1或-25

解析:C [若1+cos αsin α=3,则1+cos α=3sin α,又sin2α+cos 2α=1,

∴sin α=35,∴cos α=3sin α-1=45,∴cos α-2sin α=-25,故选C.] word

2 / 3 5.已知sin π2+θ+3cos (π-θ)=sin (-θ),则sin θcos θ+cos 2θ=( )

A.15 B.25

C.55 D.35

解析:D [∵sin π2+θ+3cos (π-θ)=cos θ-3cos θ=-2cos θ=sin (-θ)=-sin θ,∴tan θ=2,则sin θcos θ+cos 2θ=sin θcos θ+cos2θsin2θ+cos2θ=tan θ+1tan2θ+1=35,故选D.]

6.(2020·某某市模拟)已知sin θ+cos θ=15,θ∈π2,π,则tan θ=

________ .

解析:∵已知sin θ+cos θ=15,θ∈π2,π,

∴1+2sin θcos θ=125,∴sin θcos θ=-1225,

∴sin θ=45,cos θ=-35,

则tan θ=sin

θcos θ=-43

答案:-43

7.已知sin x=m-3m+5,cos x=4-2mm+5,且x∈3π2,2π,则tan x= ________ .

解析:由sin2x+cos2x=1,即m-3m+52+4-2mm+52=1,得m=0或m=8.又x∈3π2,2π,∴sin x<0,cos x>0,∴当m=0时,sin x=-35,cos x=45,此时tan x=-34;当m=8时,sin x=513,cos x=-1213(舍去),综上知:tan x=-34.

答案:-34

8.已知cosπ6-θ=a(|a|≤1),则cos5π6+θ+sin 2π3-θ的值是

________ .

解析:cos 5π6+θ=cos π-π6-θ

=-cosπ6-θ=-a. word

3 / 3 sin2π3-θ=sinπ2+π6-θ=cosπ6-θ=a,

∴cos5π6+θ+sin2π3-θ=0.

答案:0

9.求值:22cos 375°+22sin 375°

解:原式=sin(45°+375°)

=sin 420°=sin (360°+60°)

=sin 60°=32.

10.已知sin α=255,求tan(α+π)+sin5π2+αcos5π2-α的值.

解析:∵sin α=255>0,∴α为第一或第二象限角.

tan(α+π)+sin5π2+αcos5π2-α=tan α+cos αsin α

=sin αcos α+cos αsin α=1sin αcos α.

(1)当α是第一象限角时,cos α=1-sin2α=55,

原式=1sin αcos α=52.

(2)当α是第二象限角时,cos α=-1-sin2α=-55,

原式=1sin αcos α=-52.

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