前缀、后缀、词根总结英语单词构词法——前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀(1)纯否定前缀前缀举例a-, an- asymmetry (不对称), anhydrous (无水的)dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il-, im-, ir- incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n- none, neither, nevernon- nonsenseun- unable, unemployment(2) 表示错误的意义前缀举例male-, mal- malfunction, maladjustment (失调)mis- mistake, misleadpseudo- pseudonym (假名), pseudoscience(3) 表示反动作的意思前缀举例de- defend, demodulation (解调)dis- disarm, disconnectun- unload, uncover(4) 表示相反、相互对立的意思前缀举例anti-, ant- antiknock (防震), antiforeign (排外的)contra-, contre-, contro- contradiction, controflow (逆流)counter- counteraction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith- withdraw, withstand2.表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀前缀含义举例a- 在……之上、向……aboard, asideby- 附近、邻近、边侧bypath, bypasscircum-, circu- 周围、环绕、回转circumstance, circuitde- 在下、向下descend, degradeen- 在内、进入encage, enbedex-, ec-, es- 外部、外exit, eclipse, expand, export extra- 额外extractionfore- 在前面forehead, foregroundin-, il- im-, ir- 向内、在内、背于inland, invade, inside, import inter-, intel- 在……间，相互international, interaction, intro- 向内、在内、内侧introduce,medi-, med-, mid- 中，中间Mediterranean, midpositionout- 在上面，在外部，在外outline, outside, outwardover- 在上面，在外部，向上overlook, overhead, overboard post- 向后，在后面，次postscript (附言), postgraduate pre- 在前，在前面prefix, preface, prepositionpro- 在前、向前progress, proceedsub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus- 在下面，下subway, submarine, suffix,suppress, supplementsuper-, sur- 在……之上superficial, surface, superstructure trans- 移上，转上，在那一边translate, transform, transoceanic under- 在……下面，下的underline, undergroundup- 向上，向上面，在上upward, uphold, uphill3.表示时间、序列关系的前缀前缀含义举例ante-, anti- 先前，早于，预先antecedent, anticipateex- 先、故、旧ex-president, ex-husbandfore- 在前面、先前、前面foreword, foretellmid-, medi- 中，中间midnight, midsummerpost- 在后，后postwarpre-, pri- 在前、事先、预先preheat, prewar, prehistorypro- 在前、先、前prologue (序幕), prophetre- 再一次、重新retell, rewrite4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀前缀含义举例by- 副、次要的byproductextra- 超越、额外extraordinaryhyper- 超过、极度hypersonic, hypertensionout- 超过、过分outdo (超过), outbidover- 超过、过度、太overeat, overdress, oversleepsub-, suc- 次、低、副、亚subeditor, subordinate, succession super-, sur- 超过supernatural, superpower, surplus under- 低劣、低下undersize, undergrownvice- 副、次vice-president, vice-chairman5.表示共同、相等意思的前缀前缀含义举例com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 共同、一起combine, connect, coexistsyn-, syl-, sym- 同、共、和、类synthesis, sympathy6.表示整个完全意思的前缀前缀含义举例al- 完整、完全alone, almostover- 完全、全overall, overflow (充满)pan- 全、总、万panentheism (泛神论), panorama(全景、概论)7.表示分离、离开意思的前缀前缀含义举例a-, ab-, abs- 分离、离开away, apart, abstract, abstainde- 离去、除去depart, decolourdis-, di-, dif- 分离、离开disarm, divorceex-, e- 离开、分离expel, exclude, expatriatefor- 离开、脱离forgive, forgetre- 离开release, resolvese- 分离、隔离separate, seduce, select8.表示通过、遍及意思的前缀前缀含义举例dia- 通过、横过diameter, diagramper-, pel- 通、总、遍perfect, perform, pervade (浸透) trans- 横过、贯通transparent, transmit, transport 9.表示加强意思的前缀前缀举例a- arouse, ashamedad- adjoin, adhere (粘着)10.表示变换此类作用的前缀前缀举例be- befriend (帮助、扶助)en- enslave, enable, enrichad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign11.表示数量关系的前缀前缀含义举例mono-, mon- 单一、一monotone, monopoly, monarch ambi-, bi-, di- twi- 二、两、双ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle,diode, twilightdeca-, deco-, dec-, deci- 十decade, decimalshecto-, hect-, centi- 百，百分之一hectometer, centimeterkilo- 千、千分之一kilometermyria-, myri-, mega, meg,micro-万、万分之一myriametre, megabyte, microvolt multi-, mult-, poly- 许多、复、多数multipmetre, polysyllablehemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-, pen- 半、一半hemisphere, demiofiicial,semiconductor, semitransparent,peninsula12.表示特殊意义的前缀前缀含义举例arch- 首位、第一的、主要的architect, archbishopauto- 自己、独立、自动automobile, autobiography bene- 善、福benefiteu- 优、美好eugenics (优生学), euphemism male-, mal- 恶、不良maltreatment, malodormacro- 大、宏大macroscopic (宏观)magni- 大magnificentmicro- 微microscope13.表示术语的前缀前缀含义举例aud- 听、声audiencebio- 生命、生物biographyge- 地球、大地geographyphon- 声、音调phonographtele- 远离television, telephone英语单词构词法——后缀1.名词后缀(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人后缀含义举例-an, -ian ……地方的人，精通……的人American, historian-al 具有……职务的人principal-ant, -ent ……者merchant, agent, servant, student -ar ……的人scholar, liar-ard, -art 做……的人coward, laggard, braggart-arian ……派别/主义的人，humanitarian, vegetarian-ary 从事……的人secretary, missionary-ate 具有……职责的人candidate, graduate-ator 做……的人educator, speculator-crat 某种政体、主义的支持者democrat, bureaucrat-ee 动作承受着employee, examinee-eer 从事于……的人engineer, volunteer-er 从事某职业的人，某地区、地方的人banker, observer, Londoner, villager-ese ……国人，……地方的人Japanese, Cantonese-ess 阴性人称名词actress, hostess, manageress -eur ……家amateur, litterateur-ian ……地方人，信仰……教的人，从事……职业的人Christian, physician, musician -ician 精通者，……家electrician, magician, technician -icist ……家，……者，……能手physicist, phoneticist, technicist -ic ……者，……师mechanic, critic-ie 爱称，指小diaries, auntie, lassie-ier 从事……职业cavalier, clothier, brazier-ine, -ina 阴性人称heroine, ballerina-ist 从事……研究者，信仰……主义者pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist-ive 动作者，行动者native, captive-logist ……学家，研究者biologist, geologist-or ……者author, doctor, operator-ster 做……事情的人youngerster, gamester, songster -yer 从事……职业者lawyer(2)构成具有抽象名词的含义后缀含义举例-acy 性质、状态、境遇accuracy, diplomacy-age 状态、行为、身份及结果、总称courage, storage, marriage-al 事物的动作、过程refusal, arrival, survival, denial表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal-ance, -ence 性质、状态、行为、过程、总量、程度endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience-ancy, -ency 性质、状态、行为、过程frequency, urgency, efficiency -bility 动作、性质、状态possibility, feasibility-craft 工艺、技巧woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft -cracy 统治、支配bureaucracy, democracy-cy 性质、状态、职位、级别bankruptcy, supremacy-dom 等级、领域、状态freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ery, -ry 行为、状态、习性bravery, bribery, rivalry-ety 性质、状态variety, dubiety-faction, -facture 作成，……化、作用satisfaction, manufacture-hood 资格、身份、年纪、状态childhood, falsehood-ice 行为、性质、状态notice, justice, service-ine 带有抽象概念medicine, discipline, famine-ing 动作的过程，结果building, writing, learning-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition 行为的过程、结果、状况action, solution, conclusion,destruction, expression, correction-ise 性质、状态exercise, merchandise-ism 制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism-ity 性质、状态、程度purity, reality, ability, calamity-ment 行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument-mony 动作的结果、状态ceremony, testimony-ness 性质、状态、程度goodness, kindness, tiredness-or, -our 动作、性质、状态favor, error-osity 动作、状态curiosity-ship 情况、性质、技巧、技能及身份、职业hardship, membership, friendship-th 动作、性质、过程、状态depth, wealth, truth, length, growth -tude 性质、状态、程度latitude, altitude-ure 行为、结果exposure, pressure, failure-y 行为的结果、状态、性质glory, history, inquiry(3)带有场所、地方的含义后缀含义举例-age 住所、地点village, cottage-ary 住所、场地library, granary-ery, -ry 工作场所、饲养地、地点laundry, nursery, surgery-ory 工作场所、住处factory, dormitory, laboratory (4)表示学术、科技含义后缀含义举例-grapy ……学，写法biography, calligraphy, geography -ic, -ics ……学，……法logic, mechanics, optics-ology ……学，……论biology, zoology, technology-nomy ……学，……术astronomy, economy-ery 学科、学术chemistry, cookery, machinery-y ……学，术，法photography, philosophy(5)表示人和事物的总和，集合含义后缀举例-age baggage, tonnage-dom newspaperdom-hood neighbourhood, womanhood-ry cavalry, ministry-ure legislature, judicature(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义后缀举例-ant, -ent solvent, constant-al signal, pictorial-ar collar, pillar-er boiler, computer, washer, cooker-ery drapery-ing clothing, matting-ment instrument, equipment, attachment(7)表示“细小”的意思后缀举例-cle particle-cule molecule-el parcel-en chicken, maiden-et pocket, ticket-etta, -ette, -etto cigarette-kin napkin-ling duckling-let booklet-y baby, doggy2.形容词后缀(1)带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义后缀举例-able, -ible movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible -al natural, additional, educational-an, -ane urban, suburban, republican-ant, -ent distant, important, excellent-ar similar, popular, regular-ary military, voluntary-ic, -atic, -ical politic, systematic, physical-ine masculine, feminine, marine-ing moving, touching, daring-ish foolish, bookish, selfish-ive active, impressive, decisive-ory satisfactory, compulsory-il, -ile, -eel fragile, genteel(2)表示“相像，类似”的含义后缀举例-ish boyish, childish-esque picturesque-like manlike, childlike-ly manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly-some troublesome, handsome-y milky, pasty(3)表示“充分的”含义后缀举例-ful beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ous dangerous, generous, courageous, various-ent violent(4)表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义后缀举例-en wooden, golden, woolen-ous gaseous-fic scientific(5)表示方向的含义后缀举例-ern eastern, western-ward downward, forward(6)表示“倍数”的含义后缀举例-ble double, treble-ple triple-fold twofold, tenfold(7)表示“数量关系”的含义后缀举例-teen thirteen-ty fifty-th fourth, fiftieth(8)表示国籍、语种、宗教的含义后缀举例-an Roman, European-ese Chinese-ish English, Spanish(9)表示“比较程度”的含义后缀举例-er greater-ish reddish, yellowish-est highest-most foremost, topmost(10)其他的含义后缀含义举例-less 否定countless, stainless, wireless3.动词后缀后缀含义举例-ize, -ise 做成，变成，……化modernize, mechanize, organize -en 是成为，引起，使有quicken, weaken, soften, harden -fy 使……化，使成beautify, purify, intensify, signify -ish 使，令finish, abolish, diminish, establish -ate 成为……，处理，作用separate, operate, indicate4.副词后缀后缀举例-ly possibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wards downward, inwards, upward-ways always, sideways-wise otherwise, clockwise英语单词构词法——词根词根含义举例aer, ar 空气，大气aeroplane, aerialag, act, ig 做，动作active, agent, reactionalt 高altitudealter, altern, altr 其他，变更alternatebio, bi, bion 生物，生命biology, bionicsbrev, bri, brief 短brief, abbreviation, abridgecap, capt, cept, cip 取，获capture, except, concept, capacity ced, ceed, cess 行，让步proceed, succeed, excesscentr 中心concentrate, eccentricclain, clam 呼喊claim, proclaim, exclaimclos, clud 闭合conclude, enclose, includecol, cult 耕耘colony, cultivate, agriculturecor, cord 心cordial, record, accordcurr, cur, cour 跑，动作current, occur, concurrencedic, dict 说，示dictate, edit, indicate, predict doc, doct 教doctor, documentduc, duct 引导、传导introduce, produce, conductfact, fac, fect, dic, dit 做，创造factory, effect, profit, faculty fend, fens 打，击defense, offencefer 搬运，转移ferry, transfer, deferfin, finit 终、极final, finish, confinefirm 坚固firm, confirm, affirmfix 固定prefix, affixflect, flex 弯曲flexible, reflexflor, flour, flower 花flower, flourishform 形uniform, formula, transform, reform forc, fort 力，强度force, enforce, effortgen, genit 生产，发生generate, generationgram, graph 书写，记录telegram, diagram, photograph grad, gress, gred, gree 步，阶段gradually, degree, progresshab, habit, hibit 保持，住inhabit, exhibit, prohibither, hes 粘附adhere, cohesionject, jet 抛射project, injectjour 日，一天journal, adjourn, journeyjug, junct 结合，连合conjunction, junctionlabour, labor 劳动，工作labourer, elabourate, collaborate lect, leg, lig 挑选，采集collect, select, lecturelif, liv 生活，生存life, aliveloc 场所，位置location, dislocatelong, leng, ling 长的length, prolong, lingerloqu, locut 说话colloquial, eloquentmand, mend 命令command, demand, recommend man, manu 手，手法manage, manualmemor, member 记忆memory, remember, memorial mind, ment 心mind, remind, mentalmerc, merch 贸易commerce, merchant测量，度量measure, meter, diametermeas, mens, meter,metrmin 小diminish, minoritymiss, mit 派遣，送mission, dismiss, transmit, missile mob, mot, mov 动movement, motion, mobile, remove nect, nex 捆扎connect, disconnect, annexnot 记号，注意note, denote, annotationonom, onym 名字synonym, autonym, anonymouspair, par 相同，对等compare准备preparepel, puls 追逐expel, impelpend, pens, poud 悬挂depend, independent, expensephon 声音symphony, telephone, microphoneplac 位置，场所place, replacepeopl, popul, publ 人民，民众public, republic, popular, peopleport 搬运export, import, deportpress 压，压制pressure, express, oppress, impression prob, proof, prov 实验，验证prove, approvequer, quest, quir, quis 寻找，探问inquiry, question, inquisitionrang, rank 排列arrange, rankrect, right, rig 正，直correct, direct, erectriv 河流，流远river, arrive, deriverupt 破坏，毁坏eruption, bankrupt, corruptionsci 认识，知识science, consciousscrib, script 书写，记录describe, scriptsens, sent 感觉，情感sensation, sentimentsign 标记，符号signal, signature, designsembl, simil 相似，类似similar, resemble, assimilatesoci 结合，社交social, associationspec, spect, spitc, spis 看，视inspect, spectator, conspicuousstruct 建筑，构造structure, construct, instructtect, teg 遮蔽，掩盖detect, protecttemp, tens 时间，时机tense, contemporary, temporaltend, tes, tent 倾向，伸张tendency, intension, extend, intendtest 证明，证实testify, protest, contesttext 编织，构成textile, texture, contexttract, trail 拖拉，吸引attract, tractor, abstract, contracttribut 给予contribution, distributeus, ut 用，使用usable, utilize, abusevac, van 空，虚vacancy, vanity, evacuatevad, vas, wad 走，去invade, wade, evadevers, vert 旋转，反转convert, inversion, reverse, divertvid, vis, vey, view 观看，看见television, visible, evident, interview,surveyviv, vit 生，活vivid, vital, survivalwar, ward 注意，保护aware, wary, wardway 路way, away, subway, always。
