基于遗传算法的matlab源代码

基于遗传算法的BP神经网络MATLAB代码以下是基于遗传算法的BP神经网络的MATLAB代码，包括网络初始化、适应度计算、交叉运算、突变操作和迭代训练等。

1.网络初始化:```matlabfunction net = initialize_network(input_size, hidden_size, output_size)net.input_size = input_size;net.hidden_size = hidden_size;net.output_size = output_size;net.hidden_weights = rand(hidden_size, input_size);net.output_weights = rand(output_size, hidden_size);net.hidden_biases = rand(hidden_size, 1);net.output_biases = rand(output_size, 1);end```2.适应度计算:```matlabfunction fitness = calculate_fitness(net, data, labels)output = forward_propagation(net, data);fitness = sum(sum(abs(output - labels)));end```3.前向传播:```matlabfunction output = forward_propagation(net, data)hidden_input = net.hidden_weights * data + net.hidden_biases;hidden_output = sigmoid(hidden_input);output_input = net.output_weights * hidden_output +net.output_biases;output = sigmoid(output_input);endfunction result = sigmoid(x)result = 1 ./ (1 + exp(-x));end```4.交叉运算:```matlabfunction offspring = crossover(parent1, parent2)point = randi([1 numel(parent1)]);offspring = [parent1(1:point) parent2((point + 1):end)]; end```5.突变操作:```matlabfunction mutated = mutation(individual, mutation_rate) for i = 1:numel(individual)if rand < mutation_ratemutated(i) = rand;elsemutated(i) = individual(i);endendend```6.迭代训练:```matlabfunction [best_individual, best_fitness] =train_network(data, labels, population_size, generations, mutation_rate)input_size = size(data, 1);hidden_size = round((input_size + size(labels, 1)) / 2);output_size = size(labels, 1);population = cell(population_size, 1);for i = 1:population_sizepopulation{i} = initialize_network(input_size, hidden_size, output_size);endbest_individual = population{1};best_fitness = calculate_fitness(best_individual, data, labels);for i = 1:generationsfor j = 1:population_sizefitness = calculate_fitness(population{j}, data, labels);if fitness < best_fitnessbest_individual = population{j};best_fitness = fitness;endendselected = selection(population, data, labels);for j = 1:population_sizeparent1 = selected{randi([1 numel(selected)])};parent2 = selected{randi([1 numel(selected)])};offspring = crossover(parent1, parent2);mutated_offspring = mutation(offspring, mutation_rate);population{j} = mutated_offspring;endendendfunction selected = selection(population, data, labels) fitnesses = zeros(length(population), 1);for i = 1:length(population)fitnesses(i) = calculate_fitness(population{i}, data, labels);end[~, indices] = sort(fitnesses);selected = population(indices(1:floor(length(population) / 2)));end```这是一个基于遗传算法的简化版BP神经网络的MATLAB代码，使用该代码可以初始化神经网络并进行迭代训练，以获得最佳适应度的网络参数。

基于遗传算法（粒子群算法、人工鱼群算法等）的投影寻踪模型MATLAB源代码投影寻踪是一种处理多因素复杂问题的统计方法，其基本思路是将高维数据向低维空间进行投影，通过低维投影数据的散布结构来研究高维数据特征，可用于聚类、分类、综合评价、预测等。

投影寻踪模型最终可归结为一个非线性连续函数优化模型，可以采用遗传算法、粒子群算法、人工鱼群算法或人工免疫克隆优化算法等进行求解，得到最优的投影向量。

%% 第一步：仿真参数设置clcclearclose allload data1.txtD=data1。

%导入D矩阵[n,p]=size(D)。

K=300。

%迭代次数N=100。

%种群规模Pm=0.3。

%变异概率LB=-ones(1,p)。

%决策变量的下界UB=ones(1,p)。

%决策变量的上界Alpha=0.1。

%窗口半径系数，典型取值0.1b%% 调用遗传算法[BESTX,BESTY,ALLX,ALL Y]=GAUCP(K,N,Pm,LB,UB,D,Alpha)。

% GreenSim团队——专业级算法设计&代写程序% 欢迎访问GreenSim团队主页→%% 整理输出结果Best_a=(BESTX{K})'。

%方向向量d=zeros(n,p)。

Djmax=max(D)。

Djmin=min(D)。

for i=1:nd(i,:)=(D(i,:)-Djmin)./(Djmax-Djmin)。

endZ=zeros(n,1)。

for i=1:nZ(i)=abs(sum(Best_a.*d(i,:)))。

endZ=abs(Z)。

figure%投影散布图plot(abs(Z),'bd','LineWidth',1,'MarkerEdgeColor','k','MarkerFaceColor','b','MarkerSize',5)。

基于遗传算法的机器人路径规划MATLAB源代码基本思路是：取各障碍物顶点连线的中点为路径点，相互连接各路径点，将机器人移动的起点和终点限制在各路径点上，利用最短路径算法来求网络图的最短路径，找到从起点P1到终点Pn的最短路径。

上述算法使用了连接线中点的条件，因此不是整个规划空间的最优路径，然后利用遗传算法对找到的最短路径各个路径点Pi (i=1,2,…n)调整，让各路径点在相应障碍物端点连线上滑动，利用Pi= Pi1+ti×(Pi2-Pi1)（ti∈[0,1] i=1,2,…n）即可确定相应的Pi，即为新的路径点，连接此路径点为最优路径。

function [L1,XY1,L2,XY2]=JQRLJGH(XX,YY)%% 基于Dijkstra和遗传算法的机器人路径规划% GreenSim团队——专业级算法设计&代写程序% 欢迎访问GreenSim团队主页→/greensim%输入参数在函数体内部定义%输出参数为% L1 由Dijkstra算法得出的最短路径长度% XY1 由Dijkstra算法得出的最短路径经过节点的坐标% L2 由遗传算法得出的最短路径长度% XY2 由遗传算法得出的最短路径经过节点的坐标%程序输出的图片有% Fig1 环境地图（包括：边界、障碍物、障碍物顶点之间的连线、Dijkstra的网络图结构）% Fig2 由Dijkstra算法得到的最短路径% Fig3 由遗传算法得到的最短路径% Fig4 遗传算法的收敛曲线（迄今为止找到的最优解、种群平均适应值）%% 画Fig1figure(1);PlotGraph;title('地形图及网络拓扑结构')PD=inf*ones(26,26);for i=1:26for j=1:26if D(i,j)==1x1=XY(i,5);y1=XY(i,6);x2=XY(j,5);y2=XY(j,6);dist=((x1-x2)^2+(y1-y2)^2)^0.5;PD(i,j)=dist;endendend%% 调用最短路算法求最短路s=1;%出发点t=26;%目标点[L,R]=ZuiDuanLu(PD,s,t);L1=L(end);XY1=XY(R,5:6);%% 绘制由最短路算法得到的最短路径figure(2);PlotGraph;hold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY1(i,1);y1=XY1(i,2);x2=XY1(i+1,1);y2=XY1(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k');hold onendtitle('由Dijkstra算法得到的初始路径')%% 使用遗传算法进一步寻找最短路%第一步：变量初始化M=50;%进化代数设置N=20;%种群规模设置Pm=0.3;%变异概率设置LC1=zeros(1,M);LC2=zeros(1,M);Yp=L1;%第二步：随机产生初始种群X1=XY(R,1);Y1=XY(R,2);X2=XY(R,3);Y2=XY(R,4);for i=1:Nfarm{i}=rand(1,aaa);end% 以下是进化迭代过程counter=0;%设置迭代计数器while counter<M%停止条件为达到最大迭代次数%% 第三步：交叉%交叉采用双亲双子单点交叉newfarm=cell(1,2*N);%用于存储子代的细胞结构Ser=randperm(N);%两两随机配对的配对表A=farm{Ser(1)};%取出父代AB=farm{Ser(2)};%取出父代BP0=unidrnd(aaa-1);%随机选择交叉点a=[A(:,1:P0),B(:,(P0+1):end)];%产生子代ab=[B(:,1:P0),A(:,(P0+1):end)];%产生子代bnewfarm{2*N-1}=a;%加入子代种群newfarm{2*N}=b;for i=1:(N-1)A=farm{Ser(i)};B=farm{Ser(i+1)};newfarm{2*i}=b;endFARM=[farm,newfarm];%新旧种群合并%% 第四步：选择复制SER=randperm(2*N);FITNESS=zeros(1,2*N);fitness=zeros(1,N);for i=1:(2*N)PP=FARM{i};FITNESS(i)=MinFun(PP,X1,X2,Y1,Y2);%调用目标函数endfor i=1:Nf1=FITNESS(SER(2*i-1));f2=FITNESS(SER(2*i));if f1<=f2elsefarm{i}=FARM{SER(2*i)};fitness(i)=FITNESS(SER(2*i));endend%记录最佳个体和收敛曲线minfitness=min(fitness);meanfitness=mean(fitness);if minfitness<Yppos=find(fitness==minfitness);Xp=farm{pos(1)};Yp=minfitness;endif counter==10PPP=[0.5,Xp,0.5]';PPPP=1-PPP;X=PPP.*X1+PPPP.*X2;Y=PPP.*Y1+PPPP.*Y2;XY2=[X,Y];figure(3)PlotGraph;hold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY2(i,1);y1=XY2(i,2);x2=XY2(i+1,1);y2=XY2(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k');hold onendtitle('遗传算法第10代')hold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY1(i,1);y1=XY1(i,2);x2=XY1(i+1,1);y2=XY1(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k','LineWidth',1);hold onendendif counter==20PPP=[0.5,Xp,0.5]';PPPP=1-PPP;X=PPP.*X1+PPPP.*X2;Y=PPP.*Y1+PPPP.*Y2;XY2=[X,Y];figure(4)PlotGraph;hold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY2(i,1);y2=XY2(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k');hold onendtitle('遗传算法第20代')hold onx1=XY1(i,1);y1=XY1(i,2);x2=XY1(i+1,1);y2=XY1(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k','LineWidth',1);hold onendendif counter==30PPP=[0.5,Xp,0.5]';PPPP=1-PPP;X=PPP.*X1+PPPP.*X2;Y=PPP.*Y1+PPPP.*Y2;XY2=[X,Y];figure(5)PlotGraph;hold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY2(i,1);y1=XY2(i,2);x2=XY2(i+1,1);y2=XY2(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k');hold onendtitle('遗传算法第30代')hold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY1(i,1);y2=XY1(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k','LineWidth',1);hold onendendif counter==40PPP=[0.5,Xp,0.5]';PPPP=1-PPP;X=PPP.*X1+PPPP.*X2;Y=PPP.*Y1+PPPP.*Y2;XY2=[X,Y];figure(6)PlotGraph;hold onx1=XY2(i,1);y1=XY2(i,2);x2=XY2(i+1,1);y2=XY2(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k');hold onendtitle('遗传算法第40代')hold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY1(i,1);y1=XY1(i,2);x2=XY1(i+1,1);y2=XY1(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k','LineWidth',1);hold onendendif counter==50PPP=[0.5,Xp,0.5]';PPPP=1-PPP;X=PPP.*X1+PPPP.*X2;Y=PPP.*Y1+PPPP.*Y2;XY2=[X,Y];figure(7)PlotGraph;hold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY2(i,1);y1=XY2(i,2);x2=XY2(i+1,1);y2=XY2(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k');hold onendtitle('遗传算法第50代')hold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY1(i,1);y1=XY1(i,2);x2=XY1(i+1,1);y2=XY1(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k','LineWidth',1);hold onendendLC2(counter+1)=Yp;LC1(counter+1)=meanfitness;%% 第五步：变异for i=1:Nif Pm>rand&&pos(1)~=iAA=farm{i};AA(POS)=rand;farm{i}=AA;endendcounter=counter+1;disp(counter);end%% 输出遗传算法的优化结果PPP=[0.5,Xp,0.5]';PPPP=1-PPP;X=PPP.*X1+PPPP.*X2;Y=PPP.*Y1+PPPP.*Y2;XY2=[X,Y];L2=Yp;%% 绘制Fig3figure(8)PlotGraph;hold onhold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY1(i,1);y1=XY1(i,2);x2=XY1(i+1,1);y2=XY1(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k','LineWidth',1);hold onendfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY2(i,1);y1=XY2(i,2);x2=XY2(i+1,1);y2=XY2(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k');hold onendtitle('遗传算法最终结果')figure(9)PlotGraph;hold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY1(i,1);y1=XY1(i,2);x2=XY1(i+1,1);y2=XY1(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k','LineWidth',1);hold onendhold onfor i=1:(length(R)-1)x1=XY2(i,1);y1=XY2(i,2);x2=XY2(i+1,1);y2=XY2(i+1,2);plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k','LineWidth',2);hold onendtitle('遗传算法优化前后结果比较')%% 绘制Fig4figure(10);plot(LC1);hold onplot(LC2);xlabel('迭代次数');title('收敛曲线');源代码运行结果展示。

function youhuafunD=code;N=50;%Tunablemaxgen=50;%Tunablecrossrate=0.5;%Tunablemuterate=0.08;%Tunablegeneration=1;num=length(D);fatherrand=randint(num,N,3);score=zeros(maxgen,N);while generation<=maxgenind=randperm(N-2)+2;%随机配对交叉A=fatherrand(:,ind(1:(N-2)/2));B=fatherrand(:,ind((N-2)/2+1:end));%多点交叉rnd=rand(num,(N-2)/2);ind=rnd tmp=A(ind);A(ind)=B(ind);B(ind)=tmp;%%两点交叉%for kk=1:(N-2)/2%rndtmp=randint(1,1,num)+1;%tmp=A(1:rndtmp,kk);%A(1:rndtmp,kk)=B(1:rndtmp,kk);%B(1:rndtmp,kk)=tmp;%endfatherrand=[fatherrand(:,1:2),A,B];%变异rnd=rand(num,N);ind=rnd[m,n]=size(ind);tmp=randint(m,n,2)+1;tmp(:,1:2)=0;fatherrand=tmp+fatherrand;fatherrand=mod(fatherrand,3);%fatherrand(ind)=tmp;%评价、选择scoreN=scorefun(fatherrand,D);%求得N个个体的评价函数score(generation,:)=scoreN;[scoreSort,scoreind]=sort(scoreN);sumscore=cumsum(scoreSort);sumscore=sumscore./sumscore(end);childind(1:2)=scoreind(end-1:end);for k=3:Ntmprnd=rand;tmpind=tmprnd difind=[0,diff(t mpind)];if~any(difind)difind(1)=1;endchildind(k)=scoreind(logical(difind));endfatherrand=fatherrand(:,childind);generation=generation+1;end%scoremaxV=max(score,[],2);minV=11*300-maxV;plot(minV,'*');title('各代的目标函数值');F4=D(:,4);FF4=F4-fatherrand(:,1);FF4=max(FF4,1);D(:,5)=FF4;save DData Dfunction D=codeload youhua.mat%properties F2and F3F1=A(:,1);F2=A(:,2);F3=A(:,3);if(max(F2)>1450)||(min(F2)<=900)error('DATA property F2exceed it''s range(900,1450]')end%get group property F1of data,according to F2value F4=zeros(size(F1));for ite=11:-1:1index=find(F2<=900+ite*50);F4(index)=ite;endD=[F1,F2,F3,F4];function ScoreN=scorefun(fatherrand,D)F3=D(:,3);F4=D(:,4);N=size(fatherrand,2);FF4=F4*ones(1,N);FF4rnd=FF4-fatherrand;FF4rnd=max(FF4rnd,1);ScoreN=ones(1,N)*300*11;%这里有待优化for k=1:NFF4k=FF4rnd(:,k);for ite=1:11F0index=find(FF4k==ite);if~isempty(F0index)tmpMat=F3(F0index);tmpSco=sum(tmpMat);ScoreBin(ite)=mod(tmpSco,300);endendScorek(k)=sum(ScoreBin);endScoreN=ScoreN-Scorek;遗传算法实例:%下面举例说明遗传算法%%求下列函数的最大值%%f(x)=10*sin(5x)+7*cos(4x)x∈[0,10]%%将x的值用一个10位的二值形式表示为二值问题，一个10位的二值数提供的分辨率是每为(10-0)/(2^10-1)≈0.01。

遗传算法多目标优化matlab源代码遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm，GA)是一种基于自然选择和遗传学原理的优化算法。

它通过模拟生物进化过程，利用交叉、变异等操作来搜索问题的最优解。

在多目标优化问题中，GA也可以被应用。

本文将介绍如何使用Matlab实现遗传算法多目标优化，并提供源代码。

一、多目标优化1.1 多目标优化概述在实际问题中，往往存在多个冲突的目标函数需要同时优化。

这就是多目标优化(Multi-Objective Optimization, MOO)问题。

MOO不同于单一目标优化(Single Objective Optimization, SOO)，因为在MOO中不存在一个全局最优解，而是存在一系列的Pareto最优解。

Pareto最优解指的是，在不降低任何一个目标函数的情况下，无法找到更好的解决方案。

因此，在MOO中我们需要寻找Pareto前沿(Pareto Front)，即所有Pareto最优解组成的集合。

1.2 MOO方法常见的MOO方法有以下几种：（1）加权和法：将每个目标函数乘以一个权重系数，并将其加和作为综合评价指标。

（2）约束法：通过添加约束条件来限制可行域，并在可行域内寻找最优解。

（3）多目标遗传算法：通过模拟生物进化过程，利用交叉、变异等操作来搜索问题的最优解。

1.3 MOO评价指标在MOO中，我们需要使用一些指标来评价算法的性能。

以下是常见的MOO评价指标：（1）Pareto前沿覆盖率：Pareto前沿中被算法找到的解占总解数的比例。

（2）Pareto前沿距离：所有被算法找到的解与真实Pareto前沿之间的平均距离。

（3）收敛性：算法是否能够快速收敛到Pareto前沿。

二、遗传算法2.1 遗传算法概述遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA)是一种基于自然选择和遗传学原理的优化算法。

它通过模拟生物进化过程，利用交叉、变异等操作来搜索问题的最优解。

遗传算法MATLAB完整代码（不用工具箱）遗传算法解决简单问题%主程序：用遗传算法求解y=200*exp(-0.05*x).*sin(x)在区间[-2,2]上的最大值clc;clear all;close all;global BitLengthglobal boundsbeginglobal boundsendbounds=[-2,2];precision=0.0001;boundsbegin=bounds(:,1);boundsend=bounds(:,2);%计算如果满足求解精度至少需要多长的染色体BitLength=ceil(log2((boundsend-boundsbegin)'./precision));popsize=50; %初始种群大小Generationmax=12; %最大代数pcrossover=0.90; %交配概率pmutation=0.09; %变异概率%产生初始种群population=round(rand(popsize,BitLength));%计算适应度，返回适应度Fitvalue和累计概率cumsump[Fitvalue,cumsump]=fitnessfun(population);Generation=1;while Generation<generationmax+1< p="">for j=1:2:popsize%选择操作seln=selection(population,cumsump);%交叉操作scro=crossover(population,seln,pcrossover);scnew(j,:)=scro(1,:);scnew(j+1,:)=scro(2,:);%变异操作smnew(j,:)=mutation(scnew(j,:),pmutation);smnew(j+1,:)=mutation(scnew(j+1,:),pmutation);endpopulation=scnew; %产生了新的种群%计算新种群的适应度[Fitvalue,cumsump]=fitnessfun(population);%记录当前代最好的适应度和平均适应度[fmax,nmax]=max(Fitvalue);fmean=mean(Fitvalue);ymax(Generation)=fmax;ymean(Generation)=fmean;%记录当前代的最佳染色体个体x=transform2to10(population(nmax,:));%自变量取值范围是[-2,2],需要把经过遗传运算的最佳染色体整合到[-2,2]区间xx=boundsbegin+x*(boundsend-boundsbegin)/(power((boundsend),BitLength)-1);xmax(Generation)=xx;Generation=Generation+1;endGeneration=Generation-1;Bestpopulation=xx;Besttargetfunvalue=targetfun(xx);%绘制经过遗传运算后的适应度曲线。

遗传算法matlab程序代码遗传算法是一种优化算法，用于在给定的搜索空间中寻找最优解。

在Matlab中，可以通过以下代码编写一个基本的遗传算法：% 初始种群大小Npop = 100;% 搜索空间维度ndim = 2;% 最大迭代次数imax = 100;% 初始化种群pop = rand(Npop, ndim);% 最小化目标函数fun = @(x) sum(x.^2);for i = 1:imax% 计算适应度函数fit = 1./fun(pop);% 选择操作[fitSort, fitIndex] = sort(fit, 'descend');pop = pop(fitIndex(1:Npop), :);% 染色体交叉操作popNew = zeros(Npop, ndim);for j = 1:Npopparent1Index = randi([1, Npop]);parent2Index = randi([1, Npop]);parent1 = pop(parent1Index, :);parent2 = pop(parent2Index, :);crossIndex = randi([1, ndim-1]);popNew(j,:) = [parent1(1:crossIndex),parent2(crossIndex+1:end)];end% 染色体突变操作for j = 1:NpopmutIndex = randi([1, ndim]);mutScale = randn();popNew(j, mutIndex) = popNew(j, mutIndex) + mutScale;end% 更新种群pop = [pop; popNew];end% 返回最优解[resultFit, resultIndex] = max(fit);result = pop(resultIndex, :);以上代码实现了一个简单的遗传算法，用于最小化目标函数x1^2 + x2^2。

方案一的程序编码函数主文件：function[Xp,LC1,LC2,LC3]=CLBGA8(M,Pm) %%%陈璐斌编程，解决VRP问题（带时间窗）%%输入参数%M遗传进化迭代次数%Pm变异概率%%输出参数%Xp最优个体%LC1目标收敛曲线%LC2平均适应度收敛曲线%LC3最优适应度收敛曲线%%%变量初始化Xp=zeros(1,5);LC1=zeros(1,M);LC2=zeros(1,M);LC3=zeros(1,M);Best=inf;%%编码方式-第一步：产生初始种群N=10;%N 种群规模farm=cell(1,N);%存储种群的细胞结构k=1;while (N-k>=0)G=randperm(5);%产生5个客户的全排列farm{k}=G;k=k+1;end%%%进化迭代计数器counter=1;while counter<=M%%第二步：交叉%交叉采用双亲双子单点交叉N=10;%种群规模newfarm=cell(1,2*N-4);%存储子代的细胞结构Ser=randperm(N);%两两随机配对表生成for i=1:(N-2)%避免交叉概率为1 A=farm{Ser(i)};B=farm{Ser(i+1)};%取出父代P0=unidrnd(5);%随机选择交叉点aa=zeros(1,5);bb=zeros(1,5);A_=A;B_=B;for ii=1:5-P0aa(ii)=B(P0+ii);endfor ii=1:5-P0for iiii=1:5if(B(P0+ii)==A_(iiii))A_(iiii)=0;endendendfor iii=6-P0:5for iiii=1:5if(A_(iiii)~=0)aa(iii)=A_(iiii);A_(iiii)=0;breakendendendfor ii=1:5-P0bb(ii)=A(P0+ii);endfor ii=1:5-P0for iiii=1:5if(A(P0+ii)==B_(iiii))B_(iiii)=0;endendendfor iii=6-P0:5for iiii=1:5if(B_(iiii)~=0)bb(iii)=B_(iiii);B_(iiii)=0;breakendendend%产生子代newfarm{2*i-1}=aa;newfarm{2*i}=bb;endFARM=[farm,newfarm];%新旧种群合并%%第三步：选择复制%%计算当前种群适应度并存储N=10;SYZ=zeros(1,3*N-4);syz=zeros(1,3*N-4);for i=1:(3*N-4)x=FARM{i};SYZ(i)=clb8(x);end%%选择复制，较优的N个个体复制到下一代k=1;while k<=(3*N-4)maxSYZ=max(SYZ);posSYZ=find(SYZ==maxSYZ);POS=posSYZ(1);k=k+1;farm{k}=FARM{POS};syz(k)=SYZ(POS);SYZ(POS)=0;end%记录和更新，更新最优个体，记录收敛曲线数据maxsyz=max(syz);meansyz=mean(syz);pos=find(syz==maxsyz);LC2(counter+1)=meansyz;if maxsyzBest=maxsyz;Xp=farm{pos(1)};endLC3(counter+1)=Best;d=[0,6.4,3.2,3.9,3.7,2;6.4,0,2.9,2.1,4.5,4.1;3.2,2.9,0,1.5,3.3,1.2;3.9,2.1,1.5,0,3.6,2.6;3.7,4.5,3.3,3.6 ,0,3.8;...2.0,4.1,1.2,2.6,3.8,0;];%距离矩阵t=[0,0.16,0.08,0.1,0.09,0.05;0.16,0,0.07,0.05,0.11,0.1;0.08,0.07,0,0.04,0.08,0.03;...0.1,0.05,0.04,0,0.09,0.07;0.09,0.11,0.08,0.09,0,0.10;0.05,0.1,0.03,0.07,0.1,0;];%行驶时间矩阵w=[0.15,0.2,0.18,0.25,0.22];%服务时间矩阵%%时间窗向量early=[0.15,0.3,0.7,0.4,0.7];xx=x;%取出染色体j=1;%分工点初始化%%取距离向量d1,d2d1=zeros(1,6);d1(1)=d(1,xx(1)+1);for i=1:4d1(i+1)=d(xx(i)+1,xx(i+1)+1);endd1(6)=d(xx(5)+1,1);%%时间窗计算T=t(1,xx(1)+1);pun1=0;if T<early(xx(1))pun1=early(xx(1))-T;T=early(xx(1));endT=T+w(xx(1));for i=2:5T=T+t(xx(i-1)+1,xx(i)+1);if T<early(xx(i))pun1=pun1+early(xx(i))-T;T=early(xx(i));endT=T+w(xx(5));endF=sum(10.*d1)+sum(10.*d2)+20*pun1; LC1(counter+1)=F;%%第四步：变异N=10;for i=1:Nif Pm>randAA=farm{i};POS1=unidrnd(5);POS2=unidrnd(5);temp=AA(POS1);AA(POS1)=AA(POS2);AA(POS2)=temp;farm{i}=AA;endendcounter=counter+1;end%%第五步：绘制收敛曲线图figure(2);plot(LC1);xlabel('迭代次数');ylabel('目标的值');title('目标的收敛曲线');figure(3);plot(LC2);xlabel('迭代次数');ylabel('适应度函数的平均值');title('平均适应度函数的收敛曲线');plot(LC3);xlabel('迭代次数');ylabel('适应度函数的最优值');title('最优适应度函数的收敛曲线');适应度文件：%%计算载重量和时间窗%%适应度函数计算function Fitness=clb8(x)d=[0,6.4,3.2,3.9,3.7,2;6.4,0,2.9,2.1,4.5,4.1;3.2,2.9,0,1.5,3.3,1.2;3.9,2.1,1.5,0,3.6,2.6;3.7,4.5,3.3,3.6 ,0,3.8;...2.0,4.1,1.2,2.6,3.8,0;];%距离矩阵t=[0,0.16,0.08,0.1,0.09,0.05;0.16,0,0.07,0.05,0.11,0.1;0.08,0.07,0,0.04,0.08,0.03;...0.1,0.05,0.04,0,0.09,0.07;0.09,0.11,0.08,0.09,0,0.10;0.05,0.1,0.03,0.07,0.1,0;];%行驶时间矩阵w=[0.15,0.2,0.18,0.25,0.22];%服务时间矩阵%%时间窗向量early=[0.15,0.3,0.7,0.4,0.7];xx=x;%取出染色体j=1;%分工点初始化%%取距离向量d1,d2d1=zeros(1,6);d1(1)=d(1,xx(1)+1);for i=1:4d1(i+1)=d(xx(i)+1,xx(i+1)+1);endd1(6)=d(xx(5)+1,1);%%时间窗计算T=t(1,xx(1)+1);pun1=0;if T<early(xx(1))pun1=early(xx(1))-T;T=early(xx(1));endT=T+w(xx(1));T=T+t(xx(i-1)+1,xx(i)+1);if T<early(xx(i))pun1=pun1+early(xx(i))-T;T=early(xx(i));endT=T+w(xx(5));endF=sum(10.*d1)+sum(10.*d2)+20*pun1;Fitness=1/F;计算时间文件：function[T]=TOTALT(Xp1)Xp=Xp1;t=[0,0.16,0.08,0.1,0.09,0.05;0.16,0,0.07,0.05,0.11,0.1;0.08,0.07,0,0.04,0.08,0.03;...0.1,0.05,0.04,0,0.09,0.07;0.09,0.11,0.08,0.09,0,0.10;0.05,0.1,0.03,0.07,0.1,0;];%行驶时间矩阵w=[0.15,0.2,0.18,0.25,0.22];%服务时间矩阵%%时间窗向量early=[0.15,0.3,0.7,0.4,0.7];T=t(1,Xp(1)+1);if T<early(Xp(1))T=early(Xp(1));endT=T+w(Xp(1));for i=2:5T=T+t(Xp(i-1)+1,Xp(i)+1);if T<early(Xp(i))T=early(Xp(1));endT=T+w(Xp(i));endT=T+t(1,Xp(5)+1);方案二的程序编码主函数文件：function[Xp,LC1,LC2,LC3]=CLBGA9(M,Pm)%%%陈璐斌编程，解决VRP问题（带时间窗）%%输入参数%M遗传进化迭代次数%Pm变异概率%%输出参数%Xp最优个体%LC1子目标2收敛曲线%LC2平均适应度收敛曲线%LC3最优适应度收敛曲线%%%变量初始化Xp=zeros(1,6);LC1=zeros(1,M);LC2=zeros(1,M);LC3=zeros(1,M);Best=inf;%%编码方式-第一步：产生初始种群N=10;%N 种群规模%Q=[2.4,3.3,2.1,2.7,2.3,1.6,2.0,1.2,3.6,1.9];%需求矩阵farm=cell(1,N);%存储种群的细胞结构k=1;while (N-k>=0)G=randperm(6);%产生6个客户的全排列farm{k}=G;k=k+1;end%%%进化迭代计数器counter=1;while counter<=M%%第二步：交叉%交叉采用双亲双子单点交叉N=10;%种群规模newfarm=cell(1,2*N-4);%存储子代的细胞结构Ser=randperm(N);%两两随机配对表生成for i=1:(N-2)%避免交叉概率为1A=farm{Ser(i)};B=farm{Ser(i+1)};%取出父代P0=unidrnd(6);%随机选择交叉点aa=zeros(1,6);bb=zeros(1,6);A_=A;B_=B;for ii=1:6-P0aa(ii)=B(P0+ii);endfor ii=1:6-P0for iiii=1:6if(B(P0+ii)==A_(iiii))A_(iiii)=0;endendendfor iii=7-P0:6for iiii=1:6if(A_(iiii)~=0)aa(iii)=A_(iiii);A_(iiii)=0;breakendendendfor ii=1:6-P0bb(ii)=A(P0+ii);endfor ii=1:6-P0for iiii=1:6if(A(P0+ii)==B_(iiii))B_(iiii)=0;endendendfor iii=7-P0:6for iiii=1:6if(B_(iiii)~=0)bb(iii)=B_(iiii);B_(iiii)=0;breakendendend%产生子代newfarm{2*i-1}=aa;newfarm{2*i}=bb;endFARM=[farm,newfarm];%新旧种群合并%%第三步：选择复制%%计算当前种群适应度并存储N=10;SYZ=zeros(1,3*N-4);syz=zeros(1,3*N-4);for i=1:(3*N-4)x=FARM{i};SYZ(i)=clb9(x);end%%选择复制，较优的N个个体复制到下一代k=1;while k<=(3*N-4)maxSYZ=max(SYZ);posSYZ=find(SYZ==maxSYZ);POS=posSYZ(1);k=k+1;farm{k}=FARM{POS};syz(k)=SYZ(POS);SYZ(POS)=0;end%记录和更新，更新最优个体，记录收敛曲线数据maxsyz=max(syz);meansyz=mean(syz);pos=find(syz==maxsyz);LC2(counter+1)=meansyz;if maxsyzBest=maxsyz;Xp=farm{pos(1)};endLC3(counter+1)=Best;d=[0,6.4,3.2,3.9,3.7,35,2;6.4,0,2.9,2.1,4.5,32.5,4.1;3.2,2.9,0,1.5,3.3,35.7,1.2;3.9,2.1,1.5,0,3.6,34.5,2.6;...3.7,4.5,3.3,3.6,0,37,3.8;35,32.5,35.7,34.5,37,0,38.5;2,4.1,1.2,2.6,3.8,38.5,0];%距离矩阵t=[0,0.16,0.08,0.1,0.1,0.88,0.05;0.16,0,0.07,0.05,0.11,0.81,0.1;0.08,0.07,0,0.04,0.08,0.9,0.03;...0.1,0.05,0.04,0,0.09,0.86,0.07;0.1,0.11,0.08,0.09,0,0.92,0.1;0.88,0.81,0.9,0.86,0.92,0,0.96;...0.05,0.1,0.03,0.07,0.1,0.96,0;];%行驶时间矩阵w=[0.15,0.2,0.18,0.25,0.2,0.22];%服务时间矩阵%%时间窗向量early=[0.15,0.3,0.7,0.4,0.7,0.6];xx=x;%取出染色体j=1;%分工点初始化%%取距离向量d1,d2d1=zeros(1,7);d1(1)=d(1,xx(1)+1);for i=1:5d1(i+1)=d(xx(i)+1,xx(i+1)+1);endd1(7)=d(xx(6)+1,1);%%时间窗计算T=t(1,xx(1)+1);pun1=0;if T<early(xx(1))pun1=early(xx(1))-T;T=early(xx(1));endT=T+w(xx(1));for i=2:6T=T+t(xx(i-1)+1,xx(i)+1);if T<early(xx(i))pun1=pun1+early(xx(i))-T;T=early(xx(i));endT=T+w(xx(6));endF=sum(10.*d1) +20*pun1;LC1(counter+1)=F;%%第四步：变异N=10;for i=1:Nif Pm>randAA=farm{i};POS1=unidrnd(6);POS2=unidrnd(6);temp=AA(POS1);AA(POS1)=AA(POS2);AA(POS2)=temp;farm{i}=AA;endendcounter=counter+1;end%%第五步：绘制收敛曲线图figure(2);plot(LC1);xlabel('迭代次数');ylabel('目标的值');title('目标的收敛曲线');figure(3);plot(LC2);xlabel('迭代次数');ylabel('适应度函数的平均值');title('平均适应度函数的收敛曲线');figure(4);plot(LC3);xlabel('迭代次数');ylabel('适应度函数的最优值');title('最优适应度函数的收敛曲线');适应度文件：%%计算载重量和时间窗%%适应度函数计算function Fitness=clb9(x)d=[0,6.4,3.2,3.9,3.7,35,2;6.4,0,2.9,2.1,4.5,32.5,4.1;3.2,2.9,0,1.5,3.3,35.7,1.2;3.9,2.1,1.5,0,3.6,34.5,2.6;...3.7,4.5,3.3,3.6,0,37,3.8;35,32.5,35.7,34.5,37,0,38.5;2,4.1,1.2,2.6,3.8,38.5,0];%距离矩阵t=[0,0.16,0.08,0.1,0.1,0.88,0.05;0.16,0,0.07,0.05,0.11,0.81,0.1;0.08,0.07,0,0.04,0.08,0.9,0.03;...0.1,0.05,0.04,0,0.09,0.86,0.07;0.1,0.11,0.08,0.09,0,0.92,0.1;0.88,0.81,0.9,0.86,0.92,0,0.96;...0.05,0.1,0.03,0.07,0.1,0.96,0;];%行驶时间矩阵w=[0.15,0.2,0.18,0.25,0.2,0.22];%服务时间矩阵%%时间窗向量early=[0.15,0.3,0.7,0.4,0.7,0.6];late=[2.5,3.4,3.3,2.7,2.5,4.5];xx=x;%取出染色体j=1;%分工点初始化%%取距离向量d1,d2d1=zeros(1,7);d1(1)=d(1,xx(1)+1);for i=1:5d1(i+1)=d(xx(i)+1,xx(i+1)+1);endd1(7)=d(xx(6)+1,1);%%时间窗计算T=t(1,xx(1)+1);pun1=0;if T<early(xx(1))pun1=early(xx(1))-T;T=early(xx(1));endT=T+w(xx(1));for i=2:6T=T+t(xx(i-1)+1,xx(i)+1);if T<early(xx(i))pun1=pun1+early(xx(i))-T;T=early(xx(i));endT=T+w(xx(6));endF=sum(10.*d1) +20*pun1;Fitness=1/F;计算时间文件：function[T]=TOTALT2(Xp1)Xp=Xp1;t=[0,0.16,0.08,0.1,0.1,0.88,0.05;0.16,0,0.07,0.05,0.11,0.81,0.1;0.08,0.07,0,0.04,0.08,0.9,0.03;...0.1,0.05,0.04,0,0.09,0.86,0.07;0.1,0.11,0.08,0.09,0,0.92,0.1;0.88,0.81,0.9,0.86,0.92,0,0.96;... 0.05,0.1,0.03,0.07,0.1,0.96,0;];%行驶时间矩阵w=[0.15,0.2,0.18,0.25,0.2,0.22];%服务时间矩阵%%时间窗向量early=[0.15,0.3,0.7,0.4,0.7,0.6];T=t(1,Xp(1)+1);if T<early(Xp(1))T=early(Xp(1));endT=T+w(Xp(1));for i=2:6T=T+t(Xp(i-1)+1,Xp(i)+1);if T<early(Xp(i))T=early(Xp(1));endT=T+w(Xp(i));endT=T+t(1,Xp(6)+1)。

遗传算法经典学习Matlab代码遗传算法实例:也是自己找来的，原代码有少许错误，本人都已更正了，调试运行都通过了的。

对于初学者，尤其是还没有编程经验的非常有用的一个文件遗传算法实例% 下面举例说明遗传算法%% 求下列函数的最大值%% f(x)=10*sin(5x)+7*cos(4x) x∈[0,10]%% 将x 的值用一个10位的二值形式表示为二值问题，一个10位的二值数提供的分辨率是每为(10-0)/(2^10-1)≈0.01。

%% 将变量域[0,10] 离散化为二值域[0,1023], x=0+10*b/1023, 其中 b 是[0,1023] 中的一个二值数。

%% %%--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------%%--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------%% 编程%-----------------------------------------------% 2.1初始化(编码)% initpop.m函数的功能是实现群体的初始化，popsize表示群体的大小，chromlength表示染色体的长度(二值数的长度)，% 长度大小取决于变量的二进制编码的长度(在本例中取10位)。

%遗传算法子程序%Name: initpop.m%初始化function pop=initpop(popsize,chromlength)pop=round(rand(popsize,chromlength)); % rand随机产生每个单元为{0,1} 行数为popsize，列数为chromlength的矩阵，% roud对矩阵的每个单元进行圆整。

function youhuafunD=code;N=50; % Tunablemaxgen=50; % Tunablecrossrate=0.5; %Tunablemuterate=0.08; %Tunablegeneration=1;num = length(D);fatherrand=randint(num,N,3);score = zeros(maxgen,N);while generation<=maxgenind=randperm(N-2)+2; % 随机配对交叉A=fatherrand(:,ind(1:(N-2)/2));B=fatherrand(:,ind((N-2)/2+1:end));% 多点交叉rnd=rand(num,(N-2)/2);ind=rnd tmp=A(ind);A(ind)=B(ind);B(ind)=tmp;% % 两点交叉% for kk=1:(N-2)/2% rndtmp=randint(1,1,num)+1;% tmp=A(1:rndtmp,kk);% A(1:rndtmp,kk)=B(1:rndtmp,kk);% B(1:rndtmp,kk)=tmp;% endfatherrand=[fatherrand(:,1:2),A,B];% 变异rnd=rand(num,N);ind=rnd [m,n]=size(ind);tmp=randint(m,n,2)+1;tmp(:,1:2)=0;fatherrand=tmp+fatherrand;fatherrand=mod(fatherrand,3);% fatherrand(ind)=tmp;%评价、选择scoreN=scorefun(fatherrand,D);% 求得N个个体的评价函数score(generation,:)=scoreN;[scoreSort,scoreind]=sort(scoreN);sumscore=cumsum(scoreSort);sumscore=sumscore./sumscore(end);childind(1:2)=scoreind(end-1:end);for k=3:Ntmprnd=rand;tmpind=tmprnd difind=[0,diff(tmpind)];if ~any(difind)difind(1)=1;endchildind(k)=scoreind(logical(difind));endfatherrand=fatherrand(:,childind);generation=generation+1;end% scoremaxV=max(score,[],2);minV=11*300-maxV;plot(minV,'*');title('各代的目标函数值');F4=D(:,4);FF4=F4-fatherrand(:,1);FF4=max(FF4,1);D(:,5)=FF4;save DData Dfunction D=codeload youhua.mat% properties F2 and F3F1=A(:,1);F2=A(:,2);F3=A(:,3);if (max(F2)>1450)||(min(F2)<=900)error('DATA property F2 exceed it''s range (900,1450]') end% get group property F1 of data, according to F2 value F4=zeros(size(F1));for ite=11:-1:1index=find(F2<=900+ite*50);F4(index)=ite;endD=[F1,F2,F3,F4];function ScoreN=scorefun(fatherrand,D)F3=D(:,3);F4=D(:,4);N=size(fatherrand,2);FF4=F4*ones(1,N);FF4rnd=FF4-fatherrand;FF4rnd=max(FF4rnd,1);ScoreN=ones(1,N)*300*11;% 这里有待优化for k=1:NFF4k=FF4rnd(:,k);for ite=1:11F0index=find(FF4k==ite);if ~isempty(F0index)tmpMat=F3(F0index);tmpSco=sum(tmpMat);ScoreBin(ite)=mod(tmpSco,300);endendScorek(k)=sum(ScoreBin);endScoreN=ScoreN-Scorek;遗传算法实例:% 下面举例说明遗传算法%% 求下列函数的最大值%% f(x)=10*sin(5x)+7*cos(4x) x∈[0,10] %% 将x 的值用一个10位的二值形式表示为二值问题，一个10位的二值数提供的分辨率是每为(10-0)/(2^10-1)≈0.01 。

遗传算法matlab代码以下是一个简单的遗传算法的MATLAB 代码示例：matlab复制代码% 遗传算法参数设置pop_size = 50; % 种群大小num_vars = 10; % 变量数目num_generations = 100; % 进化的代数mutation_rate = 0.01; % 变异率crossover_rate = 0.8; % 交叉率% 初始化种群population = rand(pop_size, num_vars);% 开始进化for i = 1:num_generations% 计算适应度fitness = evaluate_fitness(population);% 选择操作selected_population = selection(population, fitness);% 交叉操作offspring_population = crossover(selected_population,crossover_rate);% 变异操作mutated_population = mutation(offspring_population,mutation_rate);% 生成新种群population = [selected_population; mutated_population];end% 选择最优解best_solution = population(find(fitness == max(fitness)), :);% 适应度函数function f = evaluate_fitness(population)f = zeros(size(population));for i = 1:size(population, 1)f(i) = sum(population(i, :));endend% 选择函数function selected_population = selection(population, fitness)% 轮盘赌选择total_fitness = sum(fitness);probabilities = fitness / total_fitness;selected_indices = zeros(pop_size, 1);for i = 1:pop_sizer = rand();cumulative_probabilities = cumsum(probabilities);for j = 1:pop_sizeif r <= cumulative_probabilities(j)selected_indices(i) = j;break;endendendselected_population = population(selected_indices, :);end% 交叉函数function offspring_population = crossover(parental_population, crossover_rate)offspring_population = zeros(size(parental_population));num_crossovers = ceil(size(parental_population, 1) *crossover_rate);crossover_indices = randperm(size(parental_population, 1),num_crossovers);以下是另一个一个简单的遗传算法的MATLAB 代码示例：matlab复制代码% 初始化种群population = rand(nPopulation, nGenes);% 进化迭代for iGeneration = 1:nGeneration% 计算适应度fitness = evaluateFitness(population);% 选择父代parentIdx = selection(fitness);parent = population(parentIdx, :);% 交叉产生子代child = crossover(parent);% 变异子代child = mutation(child);% 更新种群population = [parent; child];end% 评估最优解bestFitness = -Inf;for i = 1:nPopulationf = evaluateFitness(population(i, :));if f > bestFitnessbestFitness = f;bestIndividual = population(i, :);endend% 可视化结果plotFitness(fitness);其中，nPopulation和nGenes分别是种群大小和基因数；nGeneration是迭代次数；evaluateFitness函数用于计算个体的适应度；selection函数用于选择父代；crossover函数用于交叉产生子代；mutation函数用于变异子代。

遗传算法matlab实现源程序遗传算法是一种基于自然进化过程中的选择、交叉和变异等机制来求解最优问题的一种优化算法。

与其他优化算法相比，遗传算法在求解复杂问题时具有一定的优势。

本文将简要介绍遗传算法的基本思想，重点介绍如何使用matlab实现遗传算法，并提供相关源程序。

遗传算法基本思想遗传算法是一个迭代的过程，每一次迭代称为一代。

每一代都是由一组称作“个体”的解向量组成，个体在遗传算法中就好比生物体中的基因一样，是算法搜索和进化的基本单位。

遗传算法的基本流程如下：1.初始化一个群体，也就是随机产生一些初始解向量作为个体；2.通过适应度函数对个体进行评估，选出适应度最好的一些个体作为“父代”；3.通过父代进行“遗传”，即使用交叉和变异等操作产生新的解向量作为“子代”；4.用新产生的子代代替原来的个体，重复步骤2和3直到达到停止条件。

适应度函数是遗传算法中非常重要的一步。

它用于评价一个个体解向量的质量，并将其转换成适应度值，适应度值越大代表个体解向量的质量越好。

在计算适应度函数时，我们需要根据问题的不同而自定义适应度函数。

遗传算法matlab实现matlab是一种强大的数值计算工具，也是遗传算法的一种常用实现平台。

matlab提供了许多有效的函数来实现遗传算法，如下所示：1.ga()：用于执行遗传算法的函数；2.fitnessfun()：用于定义适应度函数的函数。

下面我们将通过一个例子来展示如何使用matlab实现遗传算法。

我们将解决一个简单的优化问题：找到下列函数的最小值：f(x1,x2)=sin(x1)+cos(x2)该函数具有无数个最小值点，但是我们只能找到一个局部最优解。

第一步：确定问题的优化目标在这个例子中，我们的优化目标是找到sin(x1)+cos(x2)的最小值。

因为这个函数没有明确的全局最小值，所以我们只能找到一个局部最小值作为我们的优化目标。

第二步：定义适应度函数适应度函数用于对个体进行评估，包括计算适应度值和评估个体的优劣。

附页：一．遗传算法源程序：clc;clear;population;%评价目标函数值for uim=1:popsizevector=population(uim,:);obj(uim)=hanshu(hromlength,vector,phen); end%obj%min(obj)clear uim;objmin=min(obj);for sequ=1:popsizeif obj(sequ)==objminopti=population(sequ,:);endendclear sequ;fmax=22000;%==for gen=1:maxgen%选择操作%将求最小值的函数转化为适应度函数for indivi=1:popsizeobj1(indivi)=1/obj(indivi);endclear indivi;%适应度函数累加总合total=0;for indivi=1:popsizetotal=total+obj1(indivi);endclear indivi;%每条染色体被选中的几率for indivi=1:popsizefitness1(indivi)=obj1(indivi)/total;endclear indivi;%各条染色体被选中的范围for indivi=1:popsizefitness(indivi)=0;for j=1:indivifitness(indivi)=fitness(indivi)+fitness1(j);endendclear j;fitness;%选择适应度高的个体for ranseti=1:popsizeran=rand;while (ran>1||ran<0)ran=rand;endran;if ran<=fitness(1)newpopulation(ranseti,:)=population(1,:);elsefor fet=2:popsizeif (ran>fitness(fet-1))&&(ran<=fitness(fet))newpopulation(ranseti,:)=population(fet,:);endendendendclear ran;newpopulation;%交叉for int=1:2:popsize-1popmoth=newpopulation(int,:);popfath=newpopulation(int+1,:);popcross(int,:)=popmoth;popcross(int+1,:)=popfath;randnum=rand;if(randnum< P>cpoint1=round(rand*hromlength);cpoint2=round(rand*hromlength);while (cpoint2==cpoint1)cpoint2=round(rand*hromlength);endif cpoint1>cpoint2tem=cpoint1;cpoint1=cpoint2;cpoint2=tem;endcpoint1;cpoint2;for term=cpoint1+1:cpoint2for ss=1:hromlengthif popcross(int,ss)==popfath(term)tem1=popcross(int,ss);popcross(int,ss)=popcross(int,term);popcross(int,term)=tem1;endendclear tem1;endfor term=cpoint1+1:cpoint2for ss=1:hromlengthif popcross(int+1,ss)==popmoth(term)tem1=popcross(int+1,ss);popcross(int+1,ss)=popcross(int+1,term);popcross(int+1,term)=tem1;endendclear tem1;endendclear term;endclear randnum;popcross;%变异操作newpop=popcross;for int=1:popsizerandnum=rand;if randnumcpoint12=round(rand*hromlength);cpoint22=round(rand*hromlength);if (cpoint12==0)cpoint12=1;endif (cpoint22==0)cpoint22=1;endwhile (cpoint22==cpoint12)cpoint22=round(rand*hromlength);if cpoint22==0;cpoint22=1;endendtemp=newpop(int,cpoint12);newpop(int,cpoint12)=newpop(int,cpoint22);newpop(int,cpoint22)=temp;endendnewpop;clear cpoint12;clear cpoint22;clear randnum;clear int;for ium=1:popsizevector1=newpop(ium,:);obj1(ium)=hanshu(hromlength,vector1,phen);endclear ium;obj1max=max(obj1);for ar=1:popsizeif obj1(ar)==obj1maxnewpop(ar,:)=opti;endend%遗传操作结束二．粒子群算法源程序：%------初始格式化-------------------------------------------------- clear all;clc;format long;%------给定初始化条件---------------------------------------------- c1=1.4962;%学习因子1c2=1.4962;%学习因子2w=0.7298;%惯性权重MaxDT=100;%最大迭代次数D=2;%搜索空间维数（未知数个数）N=40;%初始化群体个体数目eps=10^(-6);%设置精度(在已知最小值时候用)%------初始化种群的个体(可以在这里限定位置和速度的范围)------------ for i=1:Nfor j=1:Dx(i,j)=randn;%随机初始化位置v(i,j)=randn;%随机初始化速度endend%------先计算各个粒子的适应度，并初始化Pi和Pg---------------------- for i=1:Np(i)=fitness(x(i,:),D);y(i,:)=x(i,:);endpg=x(1,:);%Pg为全局最优for i=2:Nif fitness(x(i,:),D)<FITNESS(pg,D)pg=x(i,:);endend%------进入主要循环，按照公式依次迭代，直到满足精度要求------------ for t=1:MaxDTtfor i=1:Nv(i,:)=w*v(i,:)+c1*rand*(y(i,:)-x(i,:))+c2*rand*(pg-x(i,:)); x(i,:)=x(i,:)+v(i,:);if fitness(x(i,:),D)<p(i)p(i)=fitness(x(i,:),D);y(i,:)=x(i,:);endif p(i)<FITNESS(pg,D)pg=y(i,:);endendPbest(t)=fitness(pg,D);end%------进入主要循环，按照公式依次迭代，直到满足精度要求------------ for t=1:MaxDTfor i=1:Nv(i,:)=w*v(i,:)+c1*rand*(y(i,:)-x(i,:))+c2*rand*(pg-x(i,:));x(i,:)=x(i,:)+v(i,:);if fitness(x(i,:),D)<p(i)p(i)=fitness(x(i,:),D);y(i,:)=x(i,:);endif p(i)<FITNESS(pg,D)pg=y(i,:);endendPbest(t)=fitness(pg,D);end%------最后给出计算结果disp('*************************************************************') disp('函数的全局最优位置为：')Solution=pg'disp('最后得到的优化极值为：')Result=fitness(pg,D)disp('*************************************************************') [X,Y]=meshgrid(-500:2:500);Z=X.*sin(sqrt(X))+Y.*(sin(sqrt(Y)));hold oncontour(X,Y,Z)plot(x(:,1),x(:,2),'*');hold off标准文档实用文案。

遗传算法Matlab源代码完整可以运行的数值优化遗传算法源代码function[X,MaxFval,BestPop,Trace]=fga(FUN,bounds,MaxEranum,PopSiz e,options,pCross,pMutation,pInversion)%[X,MaxFval,BestPop,Trace]=fga(FUN,bounds,MaxEranum,PopSiz e,options,pCross,pMutation,pInversion)% Finds a maximum of a function of several variables.% fga solves problems of the form:% max F(X) subject to: LB = X = UB (LB=bounds(:,1),UB=bounds(:,2))% X - 最优个体对应自变量值% MaxFval - 最优个体对应函数值% BestPop - 最优的群体即为最优的染色体群% Trace - 每代最佳个体所对应的目标函数值% FUN - 目标函数% bounds - 自变量范围% MaxEranum - 种群的代数,取50--500(默认200)% PopSize - 每一代种群的规模；此可取50--200(默认100)% pCross - 交叉概率,一般取0.5--0.85之间较好(默认0.8)% pMutation - 初始变异概率,一般取0.05-0.2之间较好(默认0.1)% pInversion - 倒位概率,一般取0.05－0.3之间较好(默认0.2) % options - 1*2矩阵,options(1)=0二进制编码(默认0),option(1)~=0十进制编码,option(2)设定求解精度(默认1e-4)T1=clock;%检验初始参数if nargin2, error('FMAXGA requires at least three input arguments'); endif nargin==2, MaxEranum=150;PopSize=100;options=[1 1e-4];pCross=0.85;pMutation=0.1;pInversion=0.25;endif nargin==3, PopSize=100;options=[1 1e-4];pCross=0.85;pMutation=0.1;pInversion=0.25;endif nargin==4, options=[1 1e-4];pCross=0.85;pMutation=0.1;pInversion=0.25;endif nargin==5, pCross=0.85;pMutation=0.1;pInversion=0.25;endif nargin==6, pMutation=0.1;pInversion=0.25;endif nargin==7, pInversion=0.25;endif (options(1)==0|options(1)==1)find((bounds(:,1)-bounds(:,2))0)error('数据输入错误,请重新输入:');end% 定义全局变量global m n NewPop children1 children2 VarNum% 初始化种群和变量precision = options(2);bits = ceil(log2((bounds(:,2)-bounds(:,1))' ./ precision));%由设定精度划分区间VarNum = size(bounds,1);[Pop] = InitPop(PopSize,bounds,bits,options);%初始化种群[m,n] = size(Pop);fit = zeros(1,m);NewPop = zeros(m,n);children1 = zeros(1,n);children2 = zeros(1,n);pm0 = pMutation;BestPop = zeros(MaxEranum,n);%分配初始解空间BestPop,TraceTrace = zeros(1,MaxEranum);完整可以运行的数值优化遗传算法源代码Lb = ones(PopSize,1)*bounds(:,1)';Ub = ones(PopSize,1)*bounds(:,2)';%二进制编码采用多点交叉和均匀交叉，并逐步增大均匀交叉概率%浮点编码采用离散交叉（前期）、算术交叉（中期）、AEA重组（后期）OptsCrossOver = [ones(1,MaxEranum)*options(1);...round(unidrnd(2*(MaxEranum-[1:MaxEranum]))/MaxEranum)]';%浮点编码时采用两种自适应变异和一种随机变异（自适应变异发生概率为随机变异发生的2倍）OptsMutation = [ones(1,MaxEranum)*options(1);unidrnd(5,1,MaxEranum)]';if options(1)==3D=zeros(n);CityPosition=bounds;D = sqrt((CityPosition(:, ones(1,n)) - CityPosition(:, ones(1,n))').^2 +...(CityPosition(:,2*ones(1,n)) - CityPosition(:,2*ones(1,n))').^2 );end%========================================================================== % 进化主程序%%===================================== ===================================== eranum = 1;H=waitbar(0,'Please wait...');while(eranum=MaxEranum)for j=1:mif options(1)==1%eval(['[fit(j)]=' FUN '(Pop(j,:));']);%但执行字符串速度比直接计算函数值慢fit(j)=feval(FUN,Pop(j,:));%计算适应度elseif options(1)==0%eval(['[fit(j)]=' FUN '(b2f(Pop(j,:),bounds,bits));']);fit(j)=feval(FUN,(b2f(Pop(j,:),bounds,bits)));elsefit(j)=-feval(FUN,Pop(j,:),D);endend[Maxfit,fitIn]=max(fit);%得到每一代最大适应值Meanfit(eranum)=mean(fit);BestPop(eranum,:)=Pop(fitIn,:);Trace(eranum)=Maxfit;if options(1)==1Pop=(Pop-Lb)./(Ub-Lb);%将定义域映射到[0,1]：[Lb,Ub]--[0,1] ,Pop--(Pop-Lb)./(Ub-Lb)endswitch round(unifrnd(0,eranum/MaxEranum))%进化前期尽量使用实行锦标赛选择，后期逐步增大非线性排名选择case {0} [selectpop]=TournamentSelect(Pop,fit,bits);%锦标赛选择case {1}[selectpop]=NonlinearRankSelect(Pop,fit,bits);%非线性排名选择end完整可以运行的数值优化遗传算法源代码[CrossOverPop]=CrossOver(selectpop,pCross,OptsCrossOver(er anum,:));%交叉[MutationPop]=Mutation(CrossOverPop,fit,pMutation,VarNum,O ptsMutation(eranum,:)); %变异[InversionPop]=Inversion(MutationPop,pInversion);%倒位%更新种群if options(1)==1Pop=Lb+InversionPop.*(Ub-Lb);%还原PopelsePop=InversionPop;endpMutation=pm0+(eranum^3)*(pCross/2-pm0)/(eranum^4); %逐步增大变异率至1/2交叉率percent=num2str(round(100*eranum/MaxEranum));waitbar(eranum/MaxEranum,H,['Evolution complete ',percent,'%']);eranum=eranum+1;endclose(H);% 格式化输出进化结果和解的变化情况t=1:MaxEranum;plot(t,Trace,t,Meanfit);legend('解的变化','种群的变化');title('函数优化的遗传算法');xlabel('进化世代数');ylabel('每一代最优适应度');[MaxFval,MaxFvalIn]=max(Trace);if options(1)==1|options(1)==3X=BestPop(MaxFvalIn,:);elseif options(1)==0X=b2f(BestPop(MaxFvalIn,:),bounds,bits);endhold on;plot(MaxFvalIn,MaxFval,'*');text(MaxFvalIn+5,MaxFval,['FMAX=' num2str(MaxFval)]);str1=sprintf(' Best generation:\n %d\n\n Best X:\n %s\n\n MaxFval\n %f\n',...MaxFvalIn,num2str(X),MaxFval);disp(str1);% -计时T2=clock;elapsed_time=T2-T1;if elapsed_time(6)0elapsed_time(6)=elapsed_time(6)+60;elapsed_time(5)=elapsed_time(5)-1;endif elapsed_time(5)0elapsed_time(5)=elapsed_time(5)+60;elapsed_time(4)=elapsed_t ime(4)-1;end完整可以运行的数值优化遗传算法源代码str2=sprintf('elapsed_time\n %d (h) %d (m) %.4f (s)',elapsed_time(4),elapsed_time(5),elapsed_time(6));disp(str2);%===================================== ===================================== % 遗传操作子程序%%===================================== ===================================== % -- 初始化种群--% 采用浮点编码和二进制Gray编码(为了克服二进制编码的Hamming悬崖缺点)function [initpop]=InitPop(popsize,bounds,bits,options)numVars=size(bounds,1);%变量数目rang=(bounds(:,2)-bounds(:,1))';%变量范围if options(1)==1initpop=zeros(popsize,numVars);initpop=(ones(popsize,1)*rang).*(rand(popsize,numVars))+(ones (popsize,1)*bounds(:,1)');elseif options(1)==0precision=options(2);%由求解精度确定二进制编码长度len=sum(bits);initpop=zeros(popsize,len);%The whole zero encoding individualfor i=2:popsize-1pop=round(rand(1,len));pop=mod(([0 pop]+[pop 0]),2);%i=1时,b(1)=a(1);i1时,b(i)=mod(a(i-1)+a(i),2)%其中原二进制串:a(1)a(2)...a(n),Gray串:b(1)b(2)...b(n)initpop(i,:)=pop(1:end-1);endinitpop(popsize,:)=ones(1,len);%The whole one encoding individualelsefor i=1:popsizeinitpop(i,:)=randperm(numVars);%为Tsp问题初始化种群endend% -- 二进制串解码--function [fval] = b2f(bval,bounds,bits)% fval - 表征各变量的十进制数% bval - 表征各变量的二进制编码串% bounds - 各变量的取值范围% bits - 各变量的二进制编码长度scale=(bounds(:,2)-bounds(:,1))'./(2.^bits-1); %The range of the variablesnumV=size(bounds,1);cs=[0 cumsum(bits)];for i=1:numVa=bval((cs(i)+1):cs(i+1));fval(i)=sum(2.^(size(a,2)-1:-1:0).*a)*scale(i)+bounds(i,1);end% -- 选择操作--完整可以运行的数值优化遗传算法源代码% 采用基于轮盘赌法的非线性排名选择% 各个体成员按适应值从大到小分配选择概率：% P(i)=(q/1-(1-q)^n)*(1-q)^i, 其中P(0)P(1)...P(n), sum(P(i))=1function [NewPop]=NonlinearRankSelect(OldPop,fit,bits) global m n NewPopfit=fit';selectprob=fit/sum(fit);%计算各个体相对适应度(0,1)q=max(selectprob);%选择最优的概率x=zeros(m,2);x(:,1)=[m:-1:1]';[y x(:,2)]=sort(selectprob);r=q/(1-(1-q)^m);%标准分布基值newfit(x(:,2))=r*(1-q).^(x(:,1)-1);%生成选择概率newfit=[0 cumsum(newfit)];%计算各选择概率之和rNums=rand(m,1);newIn=1;while(newIn=m)NewPop(newIn,:)=OldPop(length(find(rNums(newIn)newfit)),:);newIn=newIn+1;end% -- 锦标赛选择(含精英选择) --function [NewPop]=TournamentSelect(OldPop,fit,bits)global m n NewPopnum=floor(m./2.^(1:10));num(find(num==0))=[];L=length(num);a=sum(num);b=m-a;PopIn=1;while(PopIn=L)r=unidrnd(m,num(PopIn),2^PopIn);[LocalMaxfit,In]=max(fit(r),[],2);SelectIn=r((In-1)*num(PopIn)+[1:num(PopIn)]');NewPop(sum(num(1:PopIn))-num(PopIn)+1:sum(num(1:PopIn)),:)=OldPop(SelectIn,:);PopIn=PopIn+1;r=[];In=[];LocalMaxfit=[];endif b1NewPop((sum(num)+1):(sum(num)+b-1),:)=OldPop(unidrnd(m,1,b-1),:);end[GlobalMaxfit,I]=max(fit);%保留每一代中最佳个体NewPop(end,:)=OldPop(I,:);% -- 交叉操作--function [NewPop]=CrossOver(OldPop,pCross,opts)global m n NewPopr=rand(1,m);完整可以运行的数值优化遗传算法源代码y1=find(rpCross);y2=find(r=pCross);len=length(y1);if len==1|(len2mod(len,2)==1)%如果用来进行交叉的染色体的条数为奇数，将其调整为偶数y2(length(y2)+1)=y1(len);y1(len)=[];endi=0;if length(y1)=2if opts(1)==1%浮点编码交叉while(i=length(y1)-2)NewPop(y1(i+1),:)=OldPop(y1(i+1),:);NewPop(y1(i+2),:)=OldPop(y1(i+2),:);if opts(2)==0n1%discret crossoverPoints=sort(unidrnd(n,1,2));NewPop(y1(i+1),Points(1):Points(2))=OldPop(y1(i+2),Points(1):Po ints(2));NewPop(y1(i+2),Points(1):Points(2))=OldPop(y1(i+1),Points(1):Po ints(2));elseif opts(2)==1%arithmetical crossoverPoints=round(unifrnd(0,pCross,1,n));CrossPoints=find(Points==1);r=rand(1,length(CrossPoints));NewPop(y1(i+1),CrossPoints)=r.*OldPop(y1(i+1),CrossPoints)+(1 -r).*OldPop(y1(i+2),CrossPoints);NewPop(y1(i+2),CrossPoints)=r.*OldPop(y1(i+2),CrossPoints)+(1 -r).*OldPop(y1(i+1),CrossPoints); else %AEA recombination Points=round(unifrnd(0,pCross,1,n));CrossPoints=find(Points==1);v=unidrnd(4,1,2);NewPop(y1(i+1),CrossPoints)=(floor(10^v(1)*OldPop(y1(i+1),Cro ssPoints))+...10^v(1)*OldPop(y1(i+2),CrossPoints)-floor(10^v(1)*OldPop(y1(i+2),CrossPoints)))/10^v(1);NewPop(y1(i+2),CrossPoints)=(floor(10^v(2)*OldPop(y1(i+2),Cro ssPoints))+...10^v(2)*OldPop(y1(i+1),CrossPoints)-floor(10^v(2)*OldPop(y1(i+1),CrossPoints)))/10^v(2);endi=i+2;endelseif opts(1)==0%二进制编码交叉while(i=length(y1)-2)if opts(2)==0[NewPop(y1(i+1),:),NewPop(y1(i+2),:)]=EqualCrossOver(OldPop( y1(i+1),:),OldPop(y1(i+2),:)); else[NewPop(y1(i+1),:),NewPop(y1(i+2),:)]=MultiPointCross(OldPop( y1(i+1),:),OldPop(y1(i+2),:)); endi=i+2;endelse %Tsp问题次序杂交for i=0:2:length(y1)-2xPoints=sort(unidrnd(n,1,2));NewPop([y1(i+1)y1(i+2)],xPoints(1):xPoints(2))=OldPop([y1(i+2)y1(i+1)],xPoints(1):xPoints(2));完整可以运行的数值优化遗传算法源代码%NewPop(y1(i+2),xPoints(1):xPoints(2))=OldPop(y1(i+1),xPo ints(1):xPoints(2));temp=[OldPop(y1(i+1),xPoints(2)+1:n)OldPop(y1(i+1),1:xPoints(2))];for del1i=xPoints(1):xPoints(2)temp(find(temp==OldPop(y1(i+2),del1i)))=[];endNewPop(y1(i+1),(xPoints(2)+1):n)=temp(1:(n-xPoints(2)));NewPop(y1(i+1),1:(xPoints(1)-1))=temp((n-xPoints(2)+1):end);temp=[OldPop(y1(i+2),xPoints(2)+1:n)OldPop(y1(i+2),1:xPoints(2))];for del2i=xPoints(1):xPoints(2)temp(find(temp==OldPop(y1(i+1),del2i)))=[];endNewPop(y1(i+2),(xPoints(2)+1):n)=temp(1:(n-xPoints(2)));NewPop(y1(i+2),1:(xPoints(1)-1))=temp((n-xPoints(2)+1):end);endendendNewPop(y2,:)=OldPop(y2,:);% -二进制串均匀交叉算子function[children1,children2]=EqualCrossOver(parent1,parent2) global n children1 children2hidecode=round(rand(1,n));%随机生成掩码crossposition=find(hidecode==1);holdposition=find(hidecode==0);children1(crossposition)=parent1(crossposition);%掩码为1，父1为子1提供基因children1(holdposition)=parent2(holdposition);%掩码为0，父2为子1提供基因children2(crossposition)=parent2(crossposition);%掩码为1，父2为子2提供基因children2(holdposition)=parent1(holdposition);%掩码为0，父1为子2提供基因% -二进制串多点交叉算子function[Children1,Children2]=MultiPointCross(Parent1,Parent2)%交叉点数由变量数决定global n Children1 Children2 VarNumChildren1=Parent1;Children2=Parent2;Points=sort(unidrnd(n,1,2*VarNum));for i=1:VarNumChildren1(Points(2*i-1):Points(2*i))=Parent2(Points(2*i-1):Points(2*i));Children2(Points(2*i-1):Points(2*i))=Parent1(Points(2*i-1):Points(2*i));end% -- 变异操作--function[NewPop]=Mutation(OldPop,fit,pMutation,VarNum,opts) global m n NewPopNewPop=OldPop;r=rand(1,m);MutIn=find(r=pMutation);L=length(MutIn);完整可以运行的数值优化遗传算法源代码i=1;if opts(1)==1%浮点变异maxfit=max(fit);upfit=maxfit+0.05*abs(maxfit);if opts(2)==1|opts(2)==3while(i=L)%自适应变异（自增或自减）Point=unidrnd(n);T=(1-fit(MutIn(i))/upfit)^2;q=abs(1-rand^T);%if q1%按严格数学推理来说，这段程序是不能缺少的% q=1%endp=OldPop(MutIn(i),Point)*(1-q);if unidrnd(2)==1NewPop(MutIn(i),Point)=p+q;elseNewPop(MutIn(i),Point)=p;endi=i+1;endelseif opts(2)==2|opts(2)==4%AEA变异（任意变量的某一位变异）while(i=L)Point=unidrnd(n);T=(1-abs(upfit-fit(MutIn(i)))/upfit)^2;v=1+unidrnd(1+ceil(10*T));%v=1+unidrnd(5+ceil(10*eranum/MaxEranum));q=mod(floor(OldPop(MutIn(i),Point)*10^v),10);NewPop(MutIn(i),Point)=OldPop(MutIn(i),Point)-(q-unidrnd(9))/10^v;i=i+1;endelsewhile(i=L)Point=unidrnd(n);if round(rand)NewPop(MutIn(i),Point)=OldPop(MutIn(i),Point)*(1-rand);elseNewPop(MutIn(i),Point)=OldPop(MutIn(i),Point)+(1-OldPop(MutIn(i),Point))*rand; endi=i+1;endendelseif opts(1)==0%二进制串变异if L=1while i=Lk=unidrnd(n,1,VarNum); %设置变异点数(=变量数)for j=1:length(k)if NewPop(MutIn(i),k(j))==1NewPop(MutIn(i),k(j))=0;else完整可以运行的数值优化遗传算法源代码NewPop(MutIn(i),k(j))=1;endendi=i+1;endendelse%Tsp变异if opts(2)==1|opts(2)==2|opts(2)==3|opts(2)==4numMut=ceil(pMutation*m);r=unidrnd(m,numMut,2);[LocalMinfit,In]=min(fit(r),[],2);SelectIn=r((In-1)*numMut+[1:numMut]');while(i=numMut)mPoints=sort(unidrnd(n,1,2));if mPoints(1)~=mPoints(2)NewPop(SelectIn(i),1:mPoints(1)-1)=OldPop(SelectIn(i),1:mPoints(1)-1);NewPop(SelectIn(i),mPoints(1):mPoints(2)-1)=OldPop(SelectIn(i),mPoints(1)+1:mPoints(2));NewPop(SelectIn(i),mPoints(2))=OldPop(SelectIn(i),mPoints(1));NewPop(SelectIn(i),mPoints(2)+1:n)=OldPop(SelectIn(i),mPoints( 2)+1:n);elseNewPop(SelectIn(i),:)=OldPop(SelectIn(i),:);endi=i+1;endr=rand(1,m);MutIn=find(r=pMutation);L=length(MutIn);while i=LmPoints=sort(unidrnd(n,1,2));rIn=randperm(mPoints(2)-mPoints(1)+1);NewPop(MutIn(i),mPoints(1):mPoints(2))=OldPop(MutIn(i),mPoin ts(1)+rIn-1);i=i+1;endendend% -- 倒位操作--function [NewPop]=Inversion(OldPop,pInversion)global m n NewPopNewPop=OldPop;r=rand(1,m);PopIn=find(r=pInversion);len=length(PopIn);if len=1while(i=len)d=sort(unidrnd(n,1,2));完整可以运行的数值优化遗传算法源代码NewPop(PopIn(i),d(1):d(2))=OldPop(PopIn(i),d(2):-1:d(1)); i=i+1;。

遗传算法优缺点遗传算法的优点：1. 与问题领域无关切快速随机的搜索能力。

2. 搜索从群体出发，具有潜在的并行性，可以进行多个个体的同时比较，robust.3. 搜索使用评价函数启发，过程简单4. 使用概率机制进行迭代，具有随机性。

5. 具有可扩展性，容易与其他算法结合。

缺点是：1。

没有能够及时利用网络的反馈信息,故算法的搜索速度比较慢，要得要较精确的解需要较多的训练时间。

2。

算法对初始种群的选择有一定的依赖性，能够结合一些启发算法进行改进。

3。

算法的并行机制的潜在能力没有得到充分的利用，这也是当前遗传算法的一个研究热点方向。

核心函数：(1)function [pop]=initializega(num,bounds,eevalFN,eevalOps,options)--初始种群的生成函数【输出参数】pop--生成的初始种群【输入参数】num--种群中的个体数目bounds--代表变量的上下界的矩阵eevalFN--适应度函数eevalOps--传递给适应度函数的参数options--选择编码形式(浮点编码或是二进制编码)[precision F_or_B],如precision--变量进行二进制编码时指定的精度F_or_B--为1时选择浮点编码，否则为二进制编码,由precision指定精度)(2)function [x,endPop,bPop,traceInfo] = ga(bounds,evalFN,evalOps,startPop,opts,...termFN,termOps,selectFN,selectOps,xOverFNs,xOverOps,mutFNs,mutOps)--遗传算法函数【输出参数】x--求得的最优解endPop--最终得到的种群bPop--最优种群的一个搜索轨迹【输入参数】bounds--代表变量上下界的矩阵evalFN--适应度函数evalOps--传递给适应度函数的参数startPop-初始种群opts[epsilon prob_ops display]--opts(1:2)等同于initializega的options参数，第三个参数控制是否输出，一般为0。

function [R,Rlength]= GA_TSP(xyCity,dCity,Population,nPopulation,pCrossover,percent,pMutation,generation,nR,rr,rang eCity,rR,moffspring,record,pi,Shock,maxShock)clear allA=load('d.txt');AxyCity=[A(1,:);A(2,:)]; %x,y为各地点坐标xyCityfigure(1)grid onhold onscatter(xyCity(1,:),xyCity(2,:),'b+')grid onnCity=50;nCityfor i=1:nCity %计算城市间距离for j=1:nCitydCity(i,j)=abs(xyCity(1,i)-xyCity(1,j))+abs(xyCity(2,i)-xyCity(2,j));endend %计算城市间距离xyCity; %显示城市坐标dCity %显示城市距离矩阵%初始种群k=input('取点操作结束'); %取点时对操作保护disp('-------------------')nPopulation=input('种群个体数量：'); %输入种群个体数量if size(nPopulation,1)==0nPopulation=50; %默认值endfor i=1:nPopulationPopulation(i,:)=randperm(nCity-1); %产生随机个体endPopulation %显示初始种群pCrossover=input('交叉概率：'); %输入交叉概率percent=input('交叉部分占整体的百分比：'); %输入交叉比率pMutation=input('突变概率：'); %输入突变概率nRemain=input('最优个体保留最大数量：');pi(1)=input('选择操作最优个体被保护概率：');%输入最优个体被保护概率pi(2)=input('交叉操作最优个体被保护概率：');pi(3)=input('突变操作最优个体被保护概率：');maxShock=input('最大突变概率：');if size(pCrossover,1)==0pCrossover=0.85;endif size(percent,1)==0percent=0.5;endif size(pMutation,1)==0pMutation=0.05;endShock=0;rr=0;Rlength=0;counter1=0;counter2=0;R=zeros(1,nCity-1);[newPopulation,R,Rlength,counter2,rr]=select(Population,nPopulation,nCity,dCity,Rlength,R,coun ter2,pi,nRemain);R0=R;record(1,:)=R;rR(1)=Rlength;Rlength0=Rlength;generation=input('算法终止条件A.最多迭代次数：');%输入算法终止条件if size(generation,1)==0generation=200;endnR=input('算法终止条件B.最短路径连续保持不变代数：');if size(nR,1)==0nR=10;endwhile counter1<generation&counter2<nRif counter2<nR*1/5Shock=0;elseif counter2<nR*2/5Shock=maxShock*1/4-pMutation;elseif counter2<nR*3/5Shock=maxShock*2/4-pMutation;elseif counter2<nR*4/5Shock=maxShock*3/4-pMutation;elseShock=maxShock-pMutation;endcounter1newPopulationoffspring=crossover(newPopulation,nCity,pCrossover,percent,nPopulation,rr,pi,nRemain);offspringmoffspring=Mutation(offspring,nCity,pMutation,nPopulation,rr,pi,nRemain,Shock);[newPopulation,R,Rlength,counter2,rr]=select(moffspring,nPopulation,nCity,dCity,Rlength,R,coun ter2,pi,nRemain);counter1=counter1+1;rR(counter1+1)=Rlength;record(counter1+1,:)=R;endR0;Rlength0;R;Rlength;minR=min(rR);disp('最短路经出现代数:')rr=find(rR==minR)disp('最短路经:')record(rr,:);mR=record(rr(1,1),:)disp('终止条件一:')counter1disp('终止条件二:')counter2disp('最短路经长度:')minRdisp('最初路经长度:')rR(1)figure(2)plotaiwa(xyCity,mR,nCity)figure(3)i=1:counter1+1;plot(i,rR(i))grid onfunction[newPopulation,R,Rlength,counter2,rr]=select(Population,nPopulation,nCity,dCity,Rlength,R,coun ter2,pi,nRemain)Distance=zeros(nPopulation,1); %零化路径长度Fitness=zeros(nPopulation,1); %零化适应概率Sum=0; %路径长度for i=1:nPopulation %计算个体路径长度for j=1:nCity-2Distance(i)=Distance(i)+dCity(Population(i,j),Population(i,j+1));end %对路径长度调整，增加起始点到路径首尾点的距离Distance(i)=Distance(i)+dCity(Population(i,1),nCity)+dCity(Population(i,nCity-1),nCity);Sum=Sum+Distance(i); %累计总路径长度end %计算个体路径长度if Rlength==min(Distance)counter2=counter2+1;elsecounter2=0;endRlength=min(Distance); %更新最短路径长度Rlength;rr=find(Distance==Rlength);R=Population(rr(1,1),:); %更新最短路径for i=1:nPopulationFitness(i)=(max(Distance)-Distance(i)+0.001)/(nPopulation*(max(Distance)+0.001)-Sum); %适应概率=个体/总和。

基于Matlab的遗传算法研究的代码function test(lchrom,popsize,Pc,Pm,gen)%function test(xy,lchrom,popsize,Pc,Pm,gen)tic %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%xy=rand(lchrom,2)*100for i=1:lchromplot(xy(i,1),xy(i,2),'r*');hold onend %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%55shortpath=[ ];shortpathlength=realmax;pop=inigroup(lchrom,popsize);record=zeros(1,gen);for w=1:gen %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%for R=1:popsizeif rand(1)<Pcdistmatrix=site(lchrom,xy);i=floor((lchrom-1)*rand)+1;j=floor((lchrom-1)*rand)+1;oldp1=pop(i,:);oldp2=pop(j,:);m=crossover(oldp1,oldp2);newp1=m(1,:);newp2=m(2,:);t1= pathlenfit(oldp1,distmatrix);t2= pathlenfit(oldp2,distmatrix);t3= pathlenfit(newp1,distmatrix);t4= pathlenfit(newp2,distmatrix);if max(t1(2),t2(2))>max(t3(2),t4(2))pop(i,:)=oldp1;pop(j,:)=oldp2;if t1(2)>t2(2)goodp=oldp1;t=t1;else goodp=oldp2;t=t2;endelsepop(i,:)=newp1;pop(j,:)=newp2;if t3(2)>t4(2)goodp=newp1;t=t3;else goodp =newp2;t=t4;endendif t(1)<shortpathlengthshortpath=goodp;shortpathlength=t(1);endendend %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%for R=1:popsizeif rand(1)<Pmp=pop(R,:);a=floor(lchrom*rand(1))+1;b=floor(lchrom*rand(1))+1;minmutation=max(a,b);maxmutation=min(a,b);p([minmutation maxmutation])=p([maxmutation minmutation]); t=pathlenfit(p,distmatrix);if t(1)<shortpathlengthshortpath=p;shortpathlength=t(1);endendend%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%for R=1:popsizeif rand(1)<2*Pma=floor((lchrom-1)*rand(1))+1;b=floor((lchrom-1)*rand(1))+1;mininverse=min(a,b);maxinverse=max(a,b);order=1:lchrom;order(mininverse:maxinverse)=order(maxinverse:-1:mininverse); pold=pop(R,:);told=pathlenfit(pold,distmatrix);pnew=pold(order);tnew=pathlenfit(pnew,distmatrix);if tnew(1)<told(1)pop(R,:)=pnew;if tnew(1)<shortpathlengthshortpath=pnew;shortpathlength=tnew(1);endendendend %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%record(w)=shortpathlength;enddraw(shortpath,xy)shortpathshortpathlength% figure;% for i=1:gen% plot(i,record(i))% hold on% endtochold onx=xy(:,1);y=xy(:,2);figure(2)plot(x,y,'r*');function distmatrix=site(lchrom,xy)% lchrom --------城市数% xy ------------城市坐标，行为城市数，列为2% distmatrix-----返回对称方阵大小为城市数distmatrix=zeros(lchrom);for count1=1:lchromfor count2=1:lchromx1=xy(count1,1);y1=xy(count1,2);x2=xy(count2,1);y2=xy(count2,2);distmatrix(count1,count2)=sqrt((x1-x2)^2+(y1-y2)^2); distmatrix(count2,count1)=distmatrix(count1,count2);endendfunction t= pathlenfit(p,distmatrix)l=length(p);s=0;for i=1:l-1s=s+distmatrix(p(i),p(i+1));endplength=distmatrix(p(1),p(end))+s;fitness=1/plength;t=[plength,fitness];function pop=inigroup(lchrom,popsize)% lchrom------------城市数% popsize-----------初始种群数% pop---------------初始种群行数为popsize ,列数为lchromn=1;pop=zeros(popsize,lchrom);while n<=popsizepop(n,:)=randperm(lchrom);n=n+1;endfunction elim=eliminate(x,y)% 作用：消除x中的yfor n=1:length(y)x=x(find(x~=y(n)));endelim=x;function draw(p,xy)s=[]; l=length(p);hold onfor i=1:lj=p(i);t=xy(j,:);s=[s;t];plot(t(1),t(2),'r*');endx=s(:,1);y=s(:,2);xse=[s(1,1),s(end,1)];yse=[s(1,2),s(end,2)];plot(xse,yse,'b-');plot(x,y,'b-');hold offfunction m=crossover(oldp1,oldp2)% oldp1,oldp2杂交，产生m=[newp1;newp2] crossj1=floor((length(oldp1)-1)*rand)+1; crossj2=floor((length(oldp1)-1)*rand)+1; minjcross=min(crossj1,crossj2);maxjcross=max(crossj1,crossj2);segment1=oldp1(minjcross:maxjcross); segment2=oldp2(minjcross:maxjcross);oldp12=eliminate(oldp1,segment2);oldp21=eliminate(oldp2,segment1);newp1=[segment2,oldp12];newp2=[segment1,oldp21];m=[newp1;newp2];图4-1点的移动轨迹1号点（12.6439 ，9.1306），2号点（15.9727 ，17.9559），3号点（18.7390 ，14.5233），4号点（98.6818 ，24.8116），5号点（99.8288 ，26.8531），6号点（98.4372 ，18.1445），7号点（32.0529 80.3698），8号点（58.2964 ，29.3829），9号点（29.8831 ，69.0651），10号点（20.5857 ，52.7741）。

clc;clear;%各份订单基本数据phen=[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1441,52,-23,-46,-143,-74,-56,101,73,74,95,86,-35,3265,23,-76,104,34,38,4,-23,55,-49,39,89,-86,527716,9887,12188,8819,4002,6119,3284,4607,5600,4587,9821,13024,6547,26 84500,400,1000,120,0,235,654,241,0,361,120,254,300,1501,4,2,2,4,4,3,3,3,1,4,5,1,32.7,1.8,4,2.5,1.6,1,3.6,5,4.2,1.9,6.4,2.8,1.4,8];hromlength=14;popsize=30;maxgen=500; p c=0.8;pm=0.04;for kem=1:popsizepopulation(kem,:)=randperm(hromlength);endpopulation;%评价目标函数值for uim=1:popsizevector=population(uim,:);obj(uim)=hanshu(hromlength,vector,phen);end%obj%min(obj)clear uim;objmin=min(obj);for sequ=1:popsizeif obj(sequ)==objminopti=population(sequ,:);endendclear sequ;fmax=22000;%==for gen=1:maxgen%选择操作%将求最小值的函数转化为适应度函数for indivi=1:popsizeobj1(indivi)=1/obj(indivi);endclear indivi;%适应度函数累加总合total=0;for indivi=1:popsizetotal=total+obj1(indivi);endclear indivi;%每条染色体被选中的几率for indivi=1:popsizefitness1(indivi)=obj1(indivi)/total;endclear indivi;%各条染色体被选中的范围for indivi=1:popsizefitness(indivi)=0;for j=1:indivifitness(indivi)=fitness(indivi)+fitness1(j);endendclear j;fitness;%选择适应度高的个体for ranseti=1:popsizeran=rand;while (ran>1||ran<0)ran=rand;endran;if ran<=fitness(1)newpopulation(ranseti,:)=population(1,:);elsefor fet=2:popsizeif (ran>fitness(fet-1))&&(ran<=fitness(fet))newpopulation(ranseti,:)=population(fe t,:);endendendendclear ran;newpopulation;%交叉for int=1:2:popsize-1popmoth=newpopulation(int,:);popfath=newpopulation(int+1,:);popcross(int,:)=popmoth;popcross(int+1,:)=popfath;randnum=rand;if(randnum< P>cpoint1=round(rand*hromlength);cpoint2=round(rand*hromlength);while (cpoint2==cpoint1)cpoint2=round(rand*hromlength);endif cpoint1>cpoint2tem=cpoint1;cpoint1=cpoint2;cpoint2=tem;endcpoint1;cpoint2;for term=cpoint1+1:cpoint2for ss=1:hromlengthif popcross(int,ss)==popfath(term)tem1=popcross(int,ss);popcross(int,ss)=popcross(int, term);popcross(int,term)=tem1;endendclear tem1;endfor term=cpoint1+1:cpoint2for ss=1:hromlengthif popcross(int+1,ss)==popmoth(term)tem1=popcross(int+1,ss);popcross(int+1,ss)=popcross(in t+1,term);popcross(int+1,term)=tem1;endendclear tem1;endendclear term;endclear randnum;popcross;%变异操作newpop=popcross;for int=1:popsizerandnum=rand;if randnumcpoint12=round(rand*hromlength);cpoint22=round(rand*hromlength);if (cpoint12==0)cpoint12=1;endif (cpoint22==0)cpoint22=1;endwhile (cpoint22==cpoint12)cpoint22=round(rand*hromlength);if cpoint22==0;cpoint22=1;endendtemp=newpop(int,cpoint12);newpop(int,cpoint12)=newpop(int,cpoint22);newpop(int,cpoint22)=temp;endendnewpop;clear cpoint12;clear cpoint22;clear randnum;clear int;for ium=1:popsizevector1=newpop(ium,:);obj1(ium)=hanshu(hromlength,vector1,phen); endclear ium;obj1max=max(obj1);for ar=1:popsizeif obj1(ar)==obj1maxnewpop(ar,:)=opti;endendclear population;clear objmin;clear objmean;%遗传操作结束population=newpop;for ium=1:popsizevector2=population(ium,:);obj(ium)=object(hromlength,vector2,phen); endobjmin=min(obj);objmean=mean(obj);clear opti;for sequ1=1:popsizeif obj(sequ1)==objminopti=population(sequ1,:);endendsolution=objmin;final(gen)=objmin;final1(gen)=objmean;endoptisolutionplot(final);hold on;plot(final1,'--')hold off%目标函数值子函数function[cost]=hanshu(hromlength,vector,phen)wmax=20000;ct=1.2;ch=0.5;for num=1:hromlengthline=vector(num);s(:,num)=phen(:,line);endm=1;cshort=0;chold=0;ctrans=0;while m<=hromlengthj=m;weight=s(4,j);day=s(6,j);dis=sqrt(s(2,j)^2+s(3,j)^2);while ((j< P>weight=weight+s(4,j+1);if (s(6,j+1)< P>cshort=(s(5,j+1))*(s(7,j+1))*0.1+cshor t;chold=(s(4,j+1))*ch+chold;enddis=sqrt((s(2,j)-s(2,j+1))^2+(s(3,j)-s(3,j+1)) ^2);j=j+1;enddis=dis+sqrt(s(2,j)^2+s(3,j)^2);ctrans=ctrans+dis*weight*ct;m=j+1;endcost=cshort+chold+ctrans;。