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2016江苏南京航空航天大学普通物理考研真题一填空题（每题 3 分，共 75 分）1 已知质点的运动学方程为，当 t =2 s 时，加速度的大小为 a =______________。
2 以初速率 V0 、抛射角抛出一物体，则其抛物线轨道最高点处的曲率半径为______________。
（重力加速度 g 为已知常数。
）3 质量为m 的小球自高为 y0处沿水平方向以速率 v0抛出，与地面碰撞后跳起的最大高度为，水平速率为，则碰撞过程中地面对小球的竖直冲量的大小为______________ 。
（重力加速度 g 为已知常数。
）4 一质量为 1kg 的物体，置于水平地面上，物体与地面之间的静摩擦系数＝0.20，滑动摩擦系数＝0.16，现对物体施一水平拉力 F＝t+0.96(SI)，则 2 秒末物体的速度大小 v ＝______________。
（已知重力加速度 g=9）5 地球的质量为 m，太阳的质量为 M，地心与日心的距离为 R，引力常量为 G，则地球绕太阳作圆周运动的轨道角动量为 L＝_______________。
6 半径为 r=1.5m 的飞轮，初角速度=10，角加速度，则在t___________时角位移为零。
7 质量分别为m 和2m 的两物体(都可视为质点)，用一长为l 的轻质刚性细杆相连，系统绕通过杆且与杆垂直的竖直固定轴 O 转动，已知 O 轴离质量为2m 的质点的距离为，质量为m 的质点的线速度为v 且与杆垂直，则该系统对转轴的角动量(动量矩)大小为___________________。
8 图示的曲线分别表示了氢气和氦气在同一温度下分子速率的分布情况。
由图可知，氢气分子的最概然速率为_______________。
（已知氢气的摩尔质量是，氦气的摩尔质量是。
）9 3 mol 的理想气体开始时处在压强 p1 =6 atm、温度 T1 =500 K 的平衡态。
经过一个等温过程，压强变为 p2 =3 atm。
2016年南京航空航天大学硕士英语专业考研真题南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题 A卷科目代码:246满分:100 分科目名称:英语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. I would like to have a talk with him _____ his convenience.A. inB. atC. forD. with2. I'd rather you _____ those important documents with you.A. don't takeB. didn't takeC. won't takeD. not take3. If a couple are divorced and their child lives with his mother, he is said to suffer from lack of _____ love.A. maternalB. fraternalC. paternalD. parental4. If English is not our first language you can often be puzzledby ways of expression that the native speaker ofEnglish does not even have to _____.A. think outB. think aboutC. think overD. think for5. If it _____ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea.A. isn'tB. wasn'tC. weren'tD. hadn't been6. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to _____ in the courtyard.A. convergeB. assembleC. crowdD. accumulate7. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1995, the housing problems now in some partsof the country _____ so serious.A. wouldn't beB. wouldn't have beenC. will not beD. would have not been8. If Tom wins tomorrow, he _____ thirty races in the past four years.A. will winB. has wonC. would have wonD. will have won9. If we believe something is good and true we should _____ to it.A. hold upB. keep onC. hold onD. keep up10. If you _____ James, ask him to phone me.A. should seeB. must seeC. might seeD. would see11. If you are required to do some work, it must be done _____.A. sooner or laterB. after all othersC. at lastD. in the long run12. If you know what the trouble is, why you don't help them to _____ the situation?A. simplifyB. modifyC. verifyD. rectify13. I'm sorry, but what he thinks is not of the _____ important to me.A. worthyB. valuableC. valuelessD. priceless14. I'm sure your suggestion will _____ the problem.A. contribute to solvingB. be contributed to solveC. contribute to solveD. be contributed to solving15. I'm very much obliged to you _____ the information.A. onB. forC. withD. of16. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible _____ and many jobs on campus are reserves for students.A. scalesB. ranksC. gradesD. patterns17. In Beijing, the season of the year is probably _____ fall.A. laterB. lastC. latterD. late18. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or ______ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.A. adaptedB. acknowledgedC. assembledD. appointed19. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _____ if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.A. admiredB. regardedC. expectedD. worshipped20. In that country, students will be _____ admittance to their classroom if they are not properly dressed.A. declinedB. deprivedC. deniedD. desertedII. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than that is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors--- or of people very different from our own --- can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than that can be found in most history books.In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanishpainter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political” artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros --- as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martines --- depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is ) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic (伊斯兰教的）belief that statues are unholy (不神圣的）.21. From passage One, we know that ______.A. art history reveals a people’s religious and emotional life as well as its political views and psychologyB. general history provides us with information about everyday life of ancient peopleC. general history gives us an insight into the basic situations of a time and a placeD. art history regards politics as an unworthy topic22. Art is subjective in that it _____.A. records what people felt and thought at a particular timeB. expresses the essential qualities of a time and a placeC. often gives us a better understanding of our historyD. often presents the subjective message about the political life of a country23. It may be concluded from this passage that _____.A. Islamic artists painted images on church walls as a way of teachingB. war was not one of the topics art history addressedC. Europeans respected images of biblical figuresD. for some time in Europe, art was the only way to understand religion24. According to the passage, what can be usually found in a truly “political” artist’s work?A. His criticism to the religious beliefs of his country.B. His explanation about the political values of his country.C. His dissatisfaction to wars, his government or social problems.D. His concern about the daily life of the poor in his country.25. The passage mainly discusses _____.A. the difference between general history and art historyB. the value of art history in understanding historyC. the importance of artists in art historyD. the importance of art in religionPassage 2Of a ll the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched tothinking of them as just “mental noise”--- the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams ar e part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center, “if you don’t like it, change it.”The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to ha ve more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events --- until appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, ther e’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in panic”. Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffer ing from persistent nightmaresshould seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep- or rather dream-on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.26.By saying that “dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,"( Par.1) the researchers meanthat _______.A. we can think logically in the dreams tooB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable27. What did Cartwright find in her clinic?A. Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.B. Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.C. One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.D. People having negative feelings dream more often.28. Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD. identify what is upsetting about the dreams29. The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______A. learn to control his dreamsB. consult a doctorC. sleep and dream on itD. get rid of anxiety first30. The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.A. a good practiceB. a new discoveryC. helpful for everyoneD. not essential for everyonePassage 3People who spend their days glued to networking websites such as Facebook and Twitter are more likely to be depressed, a new U.K. study has revealed.A team of researchers at the University of Leeds have conducted the first large-scale survey of its kind to find a link between the Internet and depression.“The Internet now plays a huge part in modern life, but its benefits are accompanied by a darker side,” said psychologist Catriona Morrison, lead author of the study, which is published in the journal Psychopathology Today.The survey was administered online, with adverts place on social-networking sites, and 1,319 people took the tests. Participants were asked to answer questions in an Internet Addiction Test. Internet Function Test ( to see what people use the Internet for most) and the Beck Depression Inventory.Morrison and her team found that 18 respondents were “Internet addicted”. When matched against not-addicted Internet users within the survey, the difference in depression ratings was significant; the addicts showed higher levels of depression than their non-addicted counterparts.In addition, the team found a correlation between the type of sites visited and the level of user addition. According to the study, Internet addicts spent more time on “gaming websites and online community/ chat”, whereas the non-addicted group perused (浏览) a wider range of site.But Morrison acknowledged some caveats (为防止误解而作的说明) to the study. The Internet Addiction Test, although a useful tool in studying this modern age addiction, is not a foolproof method of diagnosis. New tests incorporating (包含) measures of social isolation and loneliness may provide a more accurate measure to continue in this area.“What is clear”, said Morrison, “is that for a small subset of people, excessive use of the Internet could be a warning signal for depressive tendencies.”The study also leaves many questions unanswered. Having found a correlation, future studies may try to determine the cause. Do people become depressed because they are addicted to the Internet or turn to the Internet because they’re depressed?Morrison hopes future studies of Internet users will help define what this link might be. “We now need t o consider the wider societal implications of this relationship and confirm clearly the effects of excessive Internet use on mental health.”31. What can we know from a new U.K. study?A. The use of the Internet has little to do with depression.B. The Internet is mainly used to communicate with others in our daily life.C. People addicted to social networking sites are more easily to be depressed.D. The disadvantages of Internet use are much more than the benefits of it.32. What information can be got about the Internet Function Test from the passage?A. Its purpose is to show what effect the Internet has on people’s life.B. Its aim is to see what the Internet’s most common use is for people.C. It is published in the journal Psychopathology T oday.D. It is greatly welcomed by most of adolescents’ parents.33. According to the study, which group of people are more easily addictive to the Internet?A. Those who have the depressive tendencies.B. Those spending more time chatting online.C. Those who work depending on computersD. Those browsing a wide range of websites.34. The word “foolproof”(Para 7) is the closest in meaning to _____.A. commonB. uniqueC. deceptiveD. accurate35. What can be inferred from what Morrison says in the last sentence of the passage?A. It is clear that excessive Internet use leads to some people’s depression.B. There are some other societal reasons leading to people’s depression.C. The impact of excessive Internet use on mental health is not clearly verified yet.D. It is very hard to define the correlation between depression and Internet use.Passage 4Scholars and students have always been great travelers. “Academic mobility” is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the areas of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad insearch of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind also means mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues, one believes that only eccentrics (行为古怪的人) have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquiry, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centers of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition, one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groupsin other countries.36. From the passage we can know that “academic mobility”__________.A. means the friendship formed by scholars when they are travelingB. is a program organized by governmentsC. is considered very important for economic and social progress in the worldD. means going abroad to search for the best teachers37. In the view of the author, if a scholar has a new idea abouta particular thing he should ______.A. keep it as a secretB. sell it for moneyC. abandon it without being provedD. share it with others38. According to the passage, what influence does the appearance of airplanes have on the academic aspect?A. It makes it possible to exchange students between countries.B. It makes it possible for scholars far from each other to contact more easily.C. It makes it easier for students to attend foreign universities.D. It promotes more centers of learning to appear immediately around the world.39. The words “considerable multiplication of disciplines(Last paragraph)” refer to ______.A. a great number of stricter teaching methodsB. broader cooperation among scholarsC. enormous rules for academic studiesD. an increase in the number of fields of knowledge40. According to the author, travel is necessary for specialists in that _______.A. it is good for them to define their interests preciselyB. it is a good way for them to relaxC. it helps them avoid working in isolationD. it can make them feel less lonelyIII. English -Chinese Translation (20 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese.1. A hero, it is said, is someone who is “larger than life”, whom we can admire for great qualities or abilities that we may never have. Heroes have included political and religious leaders, athletes, movies stars, and musicians. Today, however, many people say they do not have heroes. Political figures in today’s world of leaders rarely, if ever, appear larger than life to us. In today’s world of curious journalists and a television-age public, it seems difficult for anyone to attain heroic status.2. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings. In designing advertisements to be used in other countries, marketers are recognizing the need to keep messages as short and simple as possible and to avoid idioms, jargon, and slang that are difficult to translate. Similarly, they avoid jokes, since humor does not translate well from one culture to another. What is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another. The bottom line is that consumers interpret advertising in terms of their own cultures. As the global marketplace opens up, there is no room for linguistic or cultural blunders.VI. Chinese-English Translation (15 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into English.在当今世界，人口越来越多，社会也越来越工业化，生活在这种条件下，人们在污染着自己的居住环境，因此污染已经成了一个社会问题。
南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（A 卷 ）科目代码: 817满分: 150分科目名称:工程热力学注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！一、简答题（50分）1、 （5分）分析绝热过程的状态方程式k pv const =（其中p v k c c =）的适用范围。
2、 （5分）分析工质绝热节流后，焓、压力、温度以及熵如何变化？3、 （6分）试求范德瓦尔气体在定温膨胀时所作的功。
范德瓦尔气体状态方程表达式为：2m mRT ap V b V =--。
4、 （6分）0℃的冰在温度为20℃的大气中逐渐融化成水，试分析该过程是否可逆？过程中冰和大气熵变的绝对值哪个大？为什么？5、 （6分）若未饱和湿空气被等容冷却到其中水蒸气刚开始凝结的温度T v ，问此温度比露点温度T d 高还是低？为什么？6、 （6分）理想气体定温膨胀过程中吸收的热量可以全部转换为功，这是否违反热力学第二定律？为什么？7、 （6分）理想气体遵循迈耶定律p v g c c R -=，试证明理想混合气体遵循同样定律，即p v g c c R -=。
8、 （10分）温度为T 1，T 2的两个热源间有两个卡诺机A 与B 串联工作（即中间热源接受A 机的放热，同时向B 机供给等热量）。
试证明这种串联工作的卡诺热机总效率与工作于同一T 1,T 2热源间的单个卡诺机效率相同。
二、（10分）一台稳定工作的压缩机，进口截面积为0.1m 2。
空气在进口处的压力为0.1MPa 、温度为290K 、速度为6m/s ，出口处压力为0.7MPa 、温度为450K 、流速为2m/s 。
压缩机向外界的散热速率为180kJ/min 。
空气可视作理想气体，c p =1.005kJ/(kg·K)，R g =0.287kJ/(kg·K)。
2016年江苏南京航空航天大学音乐史论与作品分析考研真题A卷中西方音乐史一﹑选择填空题（每题3分，共60分）1、《离骚》是屈原作品中最为重要的（）体裁。
A、《说唱》B、《抒情诗》2、商汤的乐舞称做（）。
A、韶B、大濩3、中国古代最早的乐律计算方法是（）。
A、京房六十律B、三分损益法4、《相和歌》这一名称，一般说来，是概括了（）在北方各地民间流行的各种歌曲。
A、汉代B、周代5、在唐代，专门管理宫廷内部乐工的培训与领导艺人的机构叫做（）。
A、教坊B、大乐署6、古曲《杏花天影》出自（）之手。
A、姜夔B、郭沔7、元杂剧中，绝大多数的剧本由四折组成，四折中间，有时还可以另外加一个段落起到提示和补充等作用，这个段落被称作（）。
A、煞B、楔子8、声腔中的《弋阳腔》产生于（）。
A、广东B、江西9、北宋时期的民间艺人（）创立了诸宫调的说唱形式。
A、李延年B、孔三传10、细乐是“瓦舍”中表演的一种（）形式。
A、器乐小合奏B、独奏11、十三世纪主要的作曲风格和类型有奥尔加农、经文歌和（）。
A、弥撒B、孔杜克图斯12、经文歌是（）发展而来的。
A、弥撒B、克劳苏拉13、赋格曲是在（）时期形成的一个复调音乐结构形式。
A、巴罗克B、中世纪14、亨德尔的创作包括三大类：器乐曲、歌剧和（）。
A、舞剧B、清唱剧15、十八世纪，规范的交响曲式，经海顿、莫扎特在前人创作基础上的实践，最后完全确立。
典型的古典交响曲包括（）个乐章。
A、3B、416、莫扎特将协奏曲第一乐章的（）和华彩段的结构固定下来。
A、双呈示部B、变奏曲17、序曲《赫布里底群岛》（又称《芬格尔山洞》）是（）的作品。
A、柏辽兹B、门德尔松18、穆索尔斯基的钢琴组曲《图画展览会》后由（）配器成管弦乐曲的。
A、鲍罗丁B、拉威尔19、（）是李斯特对西方音乐最重要的贡献。
A、协奏曲B、交响诗20、格林卡的第一部歌剧《伊凡•苏萨宁》奠定了（）的类型。
A、大歌剧B、民族爱国主义历史歌剧二、名词解释（每题5分，共40分）1、百戏2、鼓吹3、俗讲4、瓦市5、交响诗6、强力集团7、克劳苏拉（clansula）8、清唱剧（oratorio）三、人物简述题（每题10分，共20分）1、刘雪庵2、马勒（Gustav Mahler）四、简论题（每题15分，共30分）1、简述学堂乐歌的主要表现内容。
南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:827满分:150 分科目名称:经济学注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！一、名词解释。
（3x6=18分）1．等产量线2．完全竞争市场3．d需求曲线（主观需求曲线）4．托宾q比率5．广义货币6．总需求二、选择题。
（1 20=20分）1．近两年来，我国各大城市自来水的价格纷纷提高，其目的是（）A．减少自来水的供给B．降低自来水的生产成本C．提高自来水公司盈利水平D．为了节约水资源2．按照蛛网理论，收敛型蛛网必须满足的条件是（）A．相对于数量轴而言，供给直线比需求直线更陡峭B．相对于数量轴而言，需求直线比供给直线更陡峭C．供给曲线斜率的绝对值等于需求曲线斜率的绝对值D．上述说法均不准确3．老李曾是一家上市公司部门经理，年薪20万，现在却辞职自己办实业，他经营的工厂第一年为了购买机器设备和雇佣工人总共花费350万，其中有200万是自己的多年积蓄，另外150万是银行贷款，若资本市场上的贷款年利率统一是10％，则老李办厂的第一年的显成本和隐成本各是（）A．150万，20万B．350万，20万C．15万，40万D．150万，220万4．某种商品的价格下降会引起其需求量上升，已知这种商品的替代效应和收入效应的作用方向相反，则这种商品属于（ ） A ．正常品B ．一般劣等品（非吉芬品），也称低档物品C ．吉芬品D ．无法确定该商品的属性5．长期生产函数22(,)530.32Q f K L KL L K ==--，则该生产函数属于（ ） A ．规模报酬递增 B ．规模报酬不变 C ．规模报酬递减 D ．以上说法均不正确6．无差异曲线I 与预算线AB 相交于C 、D 两点， 对于右图中的D 点，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．Y XXYP PMRS <B ．X XYYP MRS P > C ．D 点的商品组合优于C 点的商品组合 D ．以上说法均不正确7．政府为了增加财政收入，决定按销售额向卖者征税，假如政府希望税收大部分由卖者承担，那么应该具备的条件是（ ） A ．需求价格弹性小于供给价格弹性 B ．需求价格弹性等于供给价格弹性 C ．需求价格弹性大于供给价格弹性D ．需求价格弹性等于零，供给价格弹性大于零小于无穷8．在北京，香蕉的价格比苹果的价格贵3倍，而在昆明，香蕉的价格只是苹果的1/2，那么当两地的消费者都达到消费者均衡时，（ ） A ．两地消费者的香蕉对苹果的边际替代率相等 B ．消费者的香蕉对苹果的边际替代率无法确定C ．香蕉对苹果的边际替代率，北京消费者要大于昆明消费者D ．苹果对香蕉的边际替代率，北京消费者要大于昆明消费者 9．完全竞争厂商的短期供给曲线向右上方上翘的根本原因是（ ） A ．商品消费的边际效用递减规律 B ．可变要素的边际产量递减规律 C ．边际成本随产量增加而递增 D ．可变要素的价格不变Y XIA BCDO10．在一种只有固定生产成本的生产活动中，六个规模相同的寡头厂商面临的市场需求曲线为140=-，若厂商采取古诺（cournot）竞争策略，并追求利润最大化，那么（）P QA．行业的总供给为100个单位产品B．每个厂商生产20单位产品C．市场价格将为10D．不存在稳定的均衡11．根据国民收入核算的原则，家庭用于教育的人力资本投资（）A．属于消费支出B．属于政府支出C．属于投资支出D．不计入GDP12．下面哪一位经济学家提出了相对收入消费函数理论（）A．凯恩斯B．莫迪利安尼C．杜森贝利D．弗里德曼13．引起IS曲线向左移动的原因是（）A．政府决定降低个人所得税B．政府决定通过中央银行减少货币供给C．政府决定取消原有的冬季采暖补贴D．政府将原计划用于进口设备的资金投入到公路修建中14．假定名义货币供给量不变，价格总水平上升将导致一条正斜率的LM曲线上的一点（）A．沿原LM曲线向上方移动B．沿原LM曲线向下方移动C．向右移动到另一条LM曲线上D．向左移动到另一条LM曲线上15．在下述哪种情况下，挤出效应比较大？（）A．失业B．投资对利率的敏感度较大C．流动性陷阱D．现金漏出率较低16．商业银行准备金是指（）A．商业银行库存的现金B．发行的现金加上商业银行在中央银行的存款C．公众持有的现金加上商业银行在中央银行的存款D ．商业银行库存的现金加上商业银行在中央银行的存款17．以下各项中不是通过直接影响基础货币变动实现调控的货币政策工具是（ ） A ．法定准备金率政策 B ．公开市场业务 C ．再贴现率政策 D ．都不是18．假定经济尚未实现充分就业，总供给曲线有正的斜率，那么，减税会使（ ） A ．价格水平上升，实际产出增加 B ．价格水平上升，实际产出不变 C ．价格水平下降，实际产出也下降 D ．价格水平下降，实际产出增加19．工人所要求的实际工资超过了其边际生产率所造成的失业属于（ ） A ．摩擦性失业 B ．结构性失业 C ．自愿失业 D ．周期性失业20．长期菲利普斯曲线说明（ ） A ．政府的需求管理政策无效B ．政府的需求管理政策只在一定范围内有效C ．经济主体存在货币幻觉D ．自然失业率可以变动三、计算题。
2016江苏南京航空航天大学工程热力学考研真题(A)一、简答分析题（共 50 分）1、（5 分）在理想燃气轮机装置中，分析采用回热技术的好处？简要说明适合采用回热技术的前提条件。
2、（5 分）处于恒定滞止温度和压力的气体在一缩扩喷管中被加速到 Ma=2.0，而在另外一个缩扩喷管中可以被加速到 Ma=3.0。
问这两个喷管喉道压力有何不同？为什么？3、（6 分）装水的杯子里加入适量的冰，搅拌使外杯子表面上出现水滴，刚出现水滴的壁面温度是否就是当地湿球温度？简要说明理由。
4、（6 分）将某一余隙容积不为零的活塞式压气机的出口压力提高（进口压力、压缩过程的多变指数不变），试用 p-v 图定性说明容积效率如何变化。
并在 p-v 图上画出该压气机能够应用的最高出口压力。
5、（6 分）某人声称使用新式热力循环和高技术开发出一种新型节能冷柜，在 30ºC 室温下，制冷温度为-40ºC 时，制冷系数仍可以达到 4，请问是否可以实现？6、（6 分）有人提出一个循环 1-2-3-1，其中 1-2 是可逆定温吸热过程，2-3 是可逆绝热过程，3-1 是不可逆绝热过程。
如图所示，试问：该循环能否实现？7、（6 分）如图所示，理想斯特林发动机的循环由 1-2（定温压缩，Tc）、2-3（定容吸热）、3-4（定温膨胀，Th）和 4-1（定容放热）过程组成，其中 4-1 过程放出的热量经由一个回热器传递给 2-3 过程。
假设回热效率为 100%，试推导该循环的热效率η。
8、（10 分）某种理想气体由同一初态经可逆绝热压缩和不可逆绝热压缩两种过程，将气体压缩到相同的终压，试在 p-v 图上和 T-s 图上画出这两种过程，并在 T-s 图上标出不可逆过程的作功能力的损失。
二、（8 分）某气体服从状态方程，其中 a 为常数，试导出每 kg 气体从 p1压缩到 p2所需要的技术功表达式。
三、（12 分）某房间利用热水取暖，进入房间的热水温度为，流出温度为。
2016江苏南京航空航天大学翻译硕士法语考研真题I: Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire (20%)1. C’est une maladie qui est facile _________ guérir.A. pourB. deC. àD. en2. Ma mère m’a empêché de sortir ________ un temps si froid.A. parB. dansC. durantD. sous3. – Voulez-vous du café?- Oui, donnez-_______ une tasse! Merci.A. m’enB. le-moiC. me-leD. moi4. Le médecin me conseille de rester _________ lit et _______ boire beaucoup d’eau.A. au; pourB. sur le; àC. au; deD. dans; de5. __________ trente candidats, douze ont étéreçus.A. ParmiB. SurC. DansD. En6. Notre ami nous a réservédes chambres dans _________ hôtel.A. ceB. cetteC. cetD. ces7. Est-ce que les filles __________ les mains avant de se mettre à table.A. sont lavésB. se sont lavésC. se sont lavéesD. se sont lavé8. Elle me disait que son mari ________ la rejoindre à Paris.A. viendraitB. venaitC. viendraD. sera venu9. De nous tous, c’est elle qui danse _________.A. mieuxB. le mieuxC. bienD. très bien10. Personne ne songeait à _________ les bonnes manières.A. le faire apprendreB. lui étudierC. lui faire apprendreD. lui fait apprendre11. Mon ordinateur ne fonctionne plus, je demande à mon père de me prêter ________ .A. leB. enC. le leurD. le sien12. Elles étaient ________ heureuses à l’idée de partir.A. toutB. touteC. toutesD. touts13. Je suis désolé de vous __________ attendre si longtemps.A. faireB. avoir faitC. faitesD. laisser14. J’ai perdu mon chien et j’ai cherché partout, mais je ne l’ai vu ________ part.A. aucuneB. touteC. nulleD. autre15. _________ il fasse mauvais, je sortirai avec des amis.A. Quoi queB. QuelqueC. C’est queD. Quoique16. Mon frère __________ réussir s’il travaillait plus dur.A. pourraitB. pouvaitC. pourraD. puisse17. Ils ont passé __________ nombreuses années en France.A. deB. lesC. desD. pour18. Ma soeur a des cheveux __________ longs.A. toutesB. toutC. tousD. toute19. –Quelle leçon avez-vous ________ hier?– Nous avons appris la lecon 3.A. priseB. apprisC. appriseD. pris20. – Avez-vous déjà parlé de cette maison à votre femme?- Oui, je _______ ai parlé.A. le luiB. lui enC. lui l’D. en luiII. Compréhension écrite. (10%)Texte 1 La protection des animauxTu seras surpris par le nombre d’espèces animals en danger: 10 000 pour la plan ète, et plus de 46 pour l’Europe. Qui est responsable de cette situation? L’homme, bien sûr, qui est le premier chasseur de l’animal. Il ne chasse plus pour se nourrir, mais pour se divertir, pour la peau de l’animal ou simplement parce qu’il pense qu’il est nuisible. C’est pourquoi le loup et l’ours brun, autrefois très nombreux en Europe, font partie, à présent, des espèces les plus en danger. L’agriculture intensive, la déforestation, l’expansion des villes, le tourisme augmentent la vuln é-rabilité de beaucoup d’espèces:leur espace pour vivre est plus réduit et la nourriture moins abondante.A part la convention de Berne en Europe qui permet de protéger la faune et la flore en voie d’extinction, chaque pays de l’Union a adopté des mesures spéciales particulièrement menacées. Les parcs nationaux sont souvent la meilleure solution pour la sauvegarde de l’espèce.21. Pourquoi les espèces animales sont menacées? Laquelle des causes citéesci-dessous estfausse?a. Parce que le nombre de villes ne cesse de s’élever.b. Parce que les forêts disparaissent.c. Parce que qu’on a établi trop de sites touristiques.d. Parce qu’on mange plus d’animaux sauvages.22. Pourquoi l’homme d’aujourd’hui continue à chasser l’animal? Laquelle des causesci-dessous est fausse?a. Parce qu’il ne peut pas manger à sa faim.b. Parce que la chasse constitue une des activités de loisir pour l’homme.c. Parce que la peau de l’animal lui est utile.d. Parce qu’il pense que l’animal lui ferait du mal.23. Parmi les descriptions consacrées à la situation actuelle de l’animal, laquelle ne correspond pas à la réalité?a. L’animal a moins d’espace pour vivre à cause de l’expansion des activités humaines.b. L’animal a plus de difficultés à trouver de quoi manger.c. Le loup et l’ours brun n’en sont pas moins nombreux qu’avant.d. Des mesures ont été prises en vue de protéger les espèces animals en danger.24. Pourquoi l’Europe a-t-elle lancé la convention de Berne?a. C’est pour protéger les plantes en danger.b. C’est pour protéger les animaux en danger.c. C’est pour protéger les plantes et les animaux en danger.d. C’est pour encourager les pays d’Europe à créer des parcs nationaux.25. Combien d’espèces animales sont en danger au-delà de l’Europe?a. 10,000b. 46c. 2,954d. environ 9,950Texte 2 Le mass médiaEvènement politique ou économique, exploit sportif ou catastrophe: la radio est g énéralement la première à informer le public, immédiatement, à toute heure de la journ ée. Très rapidement, elle donne la parole aux témoins, interviewe des spécialistes et des personnalités, complète l’information au fur et à mesure pour finalement faire le point dans les journaux de mi-journée ou fin d’après-midi.La télévision réagit presque aussi rapidement, mais recherche le spectaculaire. Vers 13 heures et surtout en fin de journée, elle veut frapper les téléspectateurs par des images accompagnées de réactions à chaud.Commentaires, explications, prises de position, analyses sont le domaine de la presse écrite qui prend du recul par rapport au fait brut. Pour elle, il s’agit plus de faire comprendre que de montrer. La presse écrite quotidienne a malheureusement un gros handicap: il se passe beaucoup de temps entre l’évènement et la parution du journal, surtout le week-end, presque la plupart des journaux ne paraissent pas le dimanche.Les journaux du matin ignorent ce qui s’est passé la nuit précédente, et si les journaux du soir comme le Monde peuvent réagir aux événements de la matinée ou en début de l’après-midi à la grande satisfaction des Parisiens, ils ne pourront être lus que le lendemain par les provinciaux.Celui qui veut limiter le handicap-temps des journaux et qui ne veut pas se contenter des faits présentés par la radio ou la télévision peut, grâce à Internet et au Minitel, s’informer directement auprès des agences de presse, consulter plusieurs journaux des leur parution et regarder les images proposés par les chaînes de t élévision françaises et étrangères.Toutes les grandes industries (exploitations pétrolières, agricoles, chimiques) devront baisser leur production et développer une politique de sauvegarde de l’environnement.Le premier minister japonais refuse de participer à ce projet. Il n’accepte pas de revoir sa production industrielle nationale. Il a violemment protesté mais il n’a pas eu le choix. Il a dû accepter la décision de la majorité en signant l’accord international contre la pollution.De plus, au cours de cette réunion, les premiers ministres ont ajouté que ce probl ème n’était pas seulement le problème des enterprises. En effet, le plus important est d’essayer de faire comprendre que ce problème est celui de tout le monde. Si nous ne changeons pas nos habitudes,nous détruirons la Terre.26. Ce texte est _____________.a. un article de magazineb. un article d’un quotidianc. un récitd. un roman policier27. De quel type d’information s’agit-il?a. Il s’agit d’une information culturelle.b. Il s’agit d’un fait divers.c. Il s’agit d’une information politique.d. Il s’agit d’un évènement artistique.28. Que veulent essayer de faire les premiers ministres?a. Ils veulent augmenter les productions industrielles.b. Ils veulent diminuer les productions industrielles.c. Ils veulent développer l’industrie.d. Ils veulent ralentir l’évolution d’agriculture.29. Le premier minister japonais ne veut pas __________.a. de pollution dans son pays.b. signer l’accord internantional contre la pollution.c. augmenter la production industrielle de son pays.d. déveloper l’industrie dans son pays.30. Si nous ne changeons rien, quel sera le résultat?a. un grand danger pour notre Terreb. moins de pollutionc. la même Terre dans 20 ansd. une Terre plus fécondeIII. Version (30%)1. Un méchant cache de la dynamite dans la voiture du héros pour le faire sauter: la voiture a en effet explosé. Mais, plus de la moitié de la salle sait bien que le héros n’a pas sauté avec elle.2. Il la suivait. Elle se sentait inquiète. Que fallait-il faire? Elle est tourn ée au coin de la rue et s’est mise à courir en regardant de temps en temps derri ère elle.3. La maison est située à quinze minutes de la plage et nous pouvons, si vous le désirez, mettre à votre disposition des bicyclettes.4. Alors que les adolescents songent à l’avenir et aux possibilités qu’il offre, leurs parents commencent à penser aux années écoulées et aux oppotunités qui se rar éfient.5. Le fabuleux destin d’Amélie Poulain est vraiment un film amusant, émouvant, po étique qui met en scène de nombreux personnages plus attachants les uns que les autres.6. J’ai dû attendre d’avoir cinq ans pour pouvoir descendre toute seule dans la rue et dix ans pour remonter, parce que je n’arrivais pas à attraper le bouton de l’ascenseur.IV. Thème: (25%)1. 地铁比汽车快，而大区快线又比地铁快，但开得最快的是高速列车。
