高考英语阅读微技能训练1

【创新+拓展设计】新高考英语题型优化之读后续写素材与练专题（1）续写微技能与思维点拨续写主要存在四个方面问题：1）对原文的理解不到位，续写文不对题；2）与段落开头语的衔接不合理，行文逻辑不清；3）情节安排不合理或无话可说；4）语言表达上，词汇低级且出现较多的语法错误，表达不准确。

此外，目前的续写教学以讲评课、分析课居多，真正系统有效的语言输入很少。

与概要写作一样，读后续写作为高考英语大作文，时间紧，任务重，考前一定要有足够的准备与积累。

微技能一动作描写一、动作描写的原则1.要精准使用精准化动作类词汇对动作进行细致描写,用一系列小动作而不用大动作或者用含义比较明确的动词而不用抽象或虚化的动词来描述,可以使描写更加具体生动。

试比较下面两句:①The little boy said sorry to his mother.②The little boy hung his head and mumbled an apology to his mother.分析:①句中“said sorry to”不带任何感情色彩,而②句中使用了具体化的表示“说”的动词mumbled,从而使一个不愿意道歉又不得不道歉的小男孩的形象栩栩如生地复现在读者脑海中。

2.有过程记叙文中有不少动作描写是一连串动作过程的展示。

尤其在展示人物个性的动作时,如果我们蜻蜓点水、一笔带过,就很难突出人物形象,也很难给人以深刻的印象,而通过细节描写展现出动作的过程,表现力便会大增。

如:①She went to catch the butterfly.②She crept along the path, bent over swiftly and cupped her hands around the butterfly gently.分析:①句在描写主人公捕捉蝴蝶的动作时,没有细节的动作描写,因此显得很平淡。

而②句运用了creep, bend, cup三个连贯的动词生动具体地描述了主人公小心翼翼捕捉蝴蝶的微妙过程,具有极强的画面感。

高考读后续写微技能12种高分开头1.An adverbCarefully,he stepped over all the broken glass.Joyfully he skipped up the street.Para1：Para1：But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.Immediately,an absolute darkness ruled the forest.（时间副词衔接+环境描写）2. 2.An adj.phraseCurious to know what was inside,he tiptoed into the dark cave.Unable to say a word,he was rooted to the spot.Para1:But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.Desperate and hopeless,Jane knelt down,tears streaming down her face.（并列情绪形容词）Para2:It was daybreak when Jane woke up.Weak as she was,she struggled to her feet,continuing searching for assistance.（状态形容词+as/though引导的倒装句）Para1:Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature,I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.(情绪形容词+从句)Para2:We had no idea where we were and it got dark.Exhausted and hungry,I wondered if we could find our way back.3.A participle(-ing or–ed word)Looking around him cautiously,he slipped into the room and softly closed the door.Exhausted,he was glad the race was finally over.Para1:But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.Feeling disappointed,Jane had to stay alone for another night.（现在分词+情绪形容词）Para2:It was daybreak when Jane woke up.Feeling refreshed,she continued to walk along the stream to find the way out.（现在分词+状态形容词）4.A conjunctionAs he walked,he whistledAlthough he was afraid,he jumped right in.5.A prepositional phraseAt the end of the lane he suddenly stopped.At the sight of the snake,the little girl screamed at the top of her voice.6.A dialogue or a monologue“Let’s see who gets there first!”Rachel shouted,as she pedaled fast and zoomed past Jenny.“Hold on tight!”My father yelled.We just finished bucking in as the coaster jerked into motion.This was my first roller coaster ride.Para1:The car abruptly stopped in front of him."Get into the car."Paul shouted at Mac.7.A characterMark is a studious boy who loves reading.His classmates often tease him for being too hardworking and they call him Mr.Smart.One afternoon,while studying at home…8.An emotionThe moment she saw how she did for her Science test,tears started welling up in Tina’s eyes and falling down her cheeks.9.A settingI closed my eyes to enjoy the gentle breeze and the sounds of the clashing waves.Gently opening my eyes,I saw my parents taking a relaxing stroll along the beach.The cave was dark and everything was silent.I couldn’t even see my hand in front of my face.I knew this adventure was going to be something that I would never forget.Para2:We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way.I looked out of the car window,winding rivers,lofty mountains,sunny beaches and deep valleys holding me entirely in their fascination.（视觉+环境描写+拟人）10.An actionFurry started wagging his tail and running around in circles when he saw his master taking a leash out from the drawer.Furry was all ready for his evening walk.Para1:The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us.Dad exchanged a glance with me.Why not camp to satisfy Mom?（动作描写+问句衔接）11.Sound effectsBOOM,CRASH!The wind was howling outside of my house.We were having a terrible thunder storm.I was very scared.12.A questionHave you ever been on a self-driving trip?Let me tell you an exciting trip my family took this summer. Why does trouble always follow me around?Do I have a"kick me"sign on my back or something? fascination.（视觉+环境描写+拟人）。

2021高考英语阅读微技能突破2020全国卷阅读易错题整理：细节理解（含对点练习）项目一：基于错题重做：2020真题阅读（一）细节理解学生版：1、（2020全国卷1）这是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。

文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

DThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants’ lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.教师版：(正确答案：A ）一、词汇重点connection n. 联系subject n. 主题，实验对象productive adj. 能生产的；多产的；富有成效的composition n. 作文，作曲，作品；[材] 构成；合成物；成分diverse adj. 不同的，多种多样的sensor n. 传感器detect vt. 察觉；发现；探测engineer v. 设计，策划二、句子结构分析The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions.主干：The engineers have taken it a step further .分析：at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)介词短语作后置定语，changing the actual composition of plants现在分词短语作状语， in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions 不定式作目的状语。

2021年高考英语阅读微技能突破：推理判断2020全国卷易错题+对点练习项目二：基于错题重做：2020真题阅读（二）推理判断题学生版：1、（2020全国卷1 ）文章大意：这是一篇说明文。

短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。

作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。

Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight....24. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. It’s a window to a whole new world.C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.教师版：(正确答案：D）一、词汇重点familiarity n. 熟悉，精通；亲密suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑transformative adj. 变化的，变形的lie in在于…mental register心理状态a give and take 互相交换pull one's weight 尽自己本分；尽职责，做好自己的工作二、句子结构分析There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship.主干：There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion.分析：that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship中that引导同位语从句。

读后续写升格微技能：心情描写〔哀痛〕〔1〕SORROW第一组1.Her heart felt heavy with sadness, like a stone weighing herdown.2.He was lost in his own grief, the world around him fading intogrey.3.Tears streamed down her face as she mourned the loss ofsomeone dear to her.4.He felt the hollowness of sorrow in his chest, an ache thatseemed impossible to ease.5.She couldn't shake the feeling of sadness that clung to her like asecond skin, no matter how much she tried.6.The world seemed to move in slow motion as he processed theweight of his sorrow.7.She felt like she was drowning in a sea of grief, unable to seebeyond the waves crashing over her.8.He walked with his head down, his body weighed down by theheavy burden of sorrow.9.She lay awake at night, unable to escape the endless circle of herthoughts and her grief.10.The slightest touch could bring tears to her eyes, the smallestreminder of what had been lost.其次组11.He tried to hide his pain behind a stoic facade, but it was clear inthe lines etched into his face.12.She wanted to run away from the immensity of her sadness, toescape to a place where it didn't exist.13.He struggled to hold back the tears that threatened to spill over,his throat tight with emotion.14.She felt like her heart had been shattered into a million pieces,each one a painful reminder of what was gone.15.Seeing others happy only served to pound his own feelings ofsorrow and loss.16.Her eyes were redrimmed and puffy from crying, the depth ofher sadness etched plainly on her face.17.He felt numb with grief, the emotions too powerful to feel all atonce.18.She wished that she could just turn off the pain, to find somemeasure of peace from the overwhelming sorrow.19.His heart felt raw and exposed, every beat a reminder of whathe'd lost.20.She clung to memories of those she loved, holding them close asa lifeline through her sorrow.第三组21.He tried to carry on with life as normal, but every moment felttinged with the sadness of his grief.22.She longed for someone to understand the depth of her sorrow,to feel it like she did.23.His body felt weak and heavy with sadness, the weight almosttoo much to bear.24.She grappled with the dark emotions of her sorrow, feeling likethey would never lift.25.The sound of laughter only served to remind him of what he'dlost, deepening the well of his sorrow.26.Her voice was barely above a whisper, choked with tears andemotion as she spoke of her grief.27.He tried to distract himself from the pain, but it always seemedto find him again in the quiet moments.28.She couldn't help but feel like a part of her had been forever lostamidst the sorrow.29.His soul felt like it had been torn apart, rent asunder by the forceof his grief.30.She wished that there was some way to bring back what hadbeen taken from her, to undo the pain of her sorrow。

漫滴州演漏市慢寨学校阅读微技能训练1—观点态度题(2) 巩固练习AFew laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled — to $1.01 per pack —smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” across the country seeking to kick the habit.This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They've studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. In Charleston, S.C., where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $4.78.The influence is obvious.In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys —13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky. Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records.Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.”That's true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today's adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.1. The text is mainly about ______.A. the effect of tobacco tax increaseB. the price of cigarettesC. the rate of teen smokingD. the differences in tobacco tax rate2. The underlined word "deter" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.A. benefitB. freeC. discourageD. remove3. Rogers' attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of ______.A. doubtB. sympathyC. unconcernD. tolerance4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Adults will depend more on their families.B. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking.D. Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.BAll too often, a choice that seems sustainable (可持续的) turns out on closer examination to be problematic. Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol (乙醇) for fuel from corn . Corn is a renewable resource —you can harvest it and grow more, almost limitlessly. So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but that's not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land — including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil — into farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit fromburning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.You cannot really declare any practice “sustainable” until you have done a complete lift-cycle analysis of its environmental (环境的) costs. Even then, technology and public policy keep developing, and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results. The admirable goal of living sustainable requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.5. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “______”.A. the forest lossB. burning ethanolC. climate changeD. the energy benefit6.The author thinks that replacing gas with corn ethanol is ______.A. uselessB. ImpracticalC. AcceptableD. admirable7.What does the author mainly discuss in the text?A. Technology.B. Environmental protection.C. Ethanol energy.D. Sustainability.CIt was the summer of 1965. DeLuca, then 17, visited Peter Buck, a family friend. Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future. “I'm going to college, butI need a way to pay for it,” DeLuca recalls saying. “Buck said, ‘You should open a sandwich shop.'”That afternoon, they agreed to be partners. And they set a goal: to open 32 stores in ten years. After doing some research, Buck wrote a check for $1 000. DeLuca rented a storefront (店面) in Connecticut, and when they couldn't cover their start-up costs, Buck kicked in another $1 000.But business didn't go smoothly as they expected. DeLuca says, “After six months, we were doing poorly, but we didn't know how badly, because we didn't have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time. Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York. They'd meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running. “We convin ced ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, ‘We are so successful, we are opening a second store.'” And they did — in the spring of 1966. Still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error.But the partners' learn-as-you-go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. Every Friday, DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver thechecks to pay their suppliers. “It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn't necessary, but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well, and the personal relationships established really helped out,” DeLuca says.And having a goal was also important. “There are so many problems that can get you down. You just have to keep working toward your goal,” DeLuca adds.DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich, the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.8.Which of the following is true of Buck?A. He was studying at the University of Bridgeport.B. He was a professor of business administration.C. He put money into the sandwich business.D. He rented a storefront for DeLuca.9.What can we learn about their first shop?A. It stood at an unfavorable place.B. It lowered the prices to promote sales.C. It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.D. It made no profits due to poor management.10.What contributes most to their success according to the author?A. Learning by trial and error.B. Making friends withsuppliers.C. Finding a good partner.D. Opening chain stores.DBlind imitation（模仿）is self-destruction．To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable．In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful．When I first learned to cook, I used recipes （菜谱）and turned out some tasty dishes．But soon I grew bored．Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them．In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously（下意识地）hold poor role models．If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did．If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others．In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities．Those stars look great on screen．But when they step off screen, their personal lives maybe disastrous．If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors．Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique．Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply．They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation．The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them．Creative people have an endless resource of ideas．The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination．Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve．Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on．11．Imitation proves useful when you________.A．know you are unique B．lose the balance of lifeC．begin to learn something new D．get tired of routine practice 12．To avoid the bad result of imitation, we should________．A．forget daily fear and pain B．choose the right exampleC．ask others for decisions D．stay away from stars13．According to the author, the world moves on because of those who are_________. A．desperate to influence others with their knowledgeB．ready to turn their original ideas into realityC．eager to discover what their ancestors didD．willing to accept others’ ideas14．The trouble a creator faces is__________.A．the lack of strong motivationB．the absence of practical ideasC．how to search for more materialsD．how to use imagination creatively15．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A．To highlight the importance of creatively．B．To criticize the characters of role models．C．To compare imitation with creation．D．To explain the meaning of success．。

阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1．单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。

具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。

阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。

(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。

当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。

(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。

在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。

高考英语读后续写微技能讲解练习一、修辞的运用在写作中使用修辞可以使语言更加生动形象、鲜明突出，加强语言表现力和感染力。

【常见的修辞手法】1.明喻My mother is as busy as a bee every day.2.暗喻Failure is the mother of success.3.拟人The flowers in the garden all lowered their proud heads.4.夸张When the girl heard the bad news, a river of tears ran down her face. 【翻译下列句子】1.花儿随风轻舞，娇羞又迷人。

(拟人)2.我孤独地漫游着，像一朵云。

(明喻)3.莉莉的声音在他听来像音乐般悦耳。

(暗喻)4.我姐姐吃得像小鸟一样少。

(夸张)5.鸟儿在树林里歌唱。

(拟人)【参考答案】1.Flowers dance lightly with the wind, shy and charming.2.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3.Lily’s voice is music to his ears.4.My elder sister eats like a bird.5.Birds are singing in the woods.二、动名词的运用动名词在句中可以担任主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语和定语，起名词作用。

【句的积累】1.作主语Learning English is not that difficult these days.2.作表语One of the office clerk’s duties is keeping documents.3.作宾语I suggested bringing the meeting to an end.4.作介词宾语We were surprised at finding the house empty.5.作定语Last month Mom bought a new washing machine.【翻译下列句子】1.现在担心没什么用。

落堕市安心阳光实验学校阅读微技能训练4—细节理解题(2) 巩固练习(A)THE people have spoken –The Big Bang Theory is a worldwide sensation (引起轰动的事情). In January, the popular American sitcom earned its second People’s Choice Award for Best Network TV Comedy. As popular character Sheldon Cooper might say: “Bazinga!”, meaning “Gotcha”. In the US, the show’s popularity h as increased from an average of 8.31 million viewers per episode during season one to 18.61 million during the current, sixth season. So, how does The Big Bang Theory keep adding viewers after six years?According to Dan Martin, TV critic for The Guardian, the show’s focus on nerd (书呆子) culture “speaks to its viewers” in a way that Friends did in the 1990s with its focus on coffee-house culture. In 2013, being a geek (对电脑痴迷的人) in a lab coat is cool, and The Big Bang Theory’s characters, such as Howard and Raj, fit the bill.But being a nerd also means knowing your fantasy and sci-fi entertainment, and The Big Bang Theory is peppered (充满) with pop culture homages (敬意). Kenneth Andrews, writer at , notes that the show includes “references to cult fra nchises (备受推崇的剧目) such as Doctor Who, Star Trek, … Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter.” Viewers appreciate that the show’s characters love the same entertainment that they do. Leonard even dressed up as Frodo Baggins, the protagonist (主角) of Lord of the Rings, for Halloween, in season one episode The Middle-Earth Paradigm.But the show’s influence has extended even to the real setting that it satirizes (讽刺): the world of science. In November 2011, The Guardian reported that “there was a 10 percent increase[in the UK] in the number of students accepted to [university physics programs] between 2008-09, when The Big Bang Theory was first broadcast in the UK, and 2010-11.” And in January 2013, a group of biologists in Brazil named a bee species after Sheldon’s catchphrase (口头), “Bazinga!”, according to CNN’s Lightyears blog.Sounds like geeks the world over have a new rallying cry. Thanks, Sheldon.1. Which of the following statements about The Big Bang Theory is TRUE?A. The show is the second most popular sitcom in the US at present.B. The number of its viewers has increased by three times since it first came out.C. It inspired a group of biologists in Brazil to discover a new bee species.D. It has somewhat encouraged a number of UK students to take an interest in physics.2. What does the underlined word “fit the bill” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Become wealthy.B. Are just what is needed.C. Go against what is expected.D. Compete to pay for something.3. How does The Big Bang Theory attract so many viewers according to the text?A. It focuses on coffee-house culture like Friends once did.B. It teaches viewers some scientific knowledge in eve ry episode.C. It is about geeks and talks about popular culture and entertainment.D. It involves some classical sci-fi stories and satirizes the world of science.(B)FOR many die-hard fans, soccer is more than just a game. It’s a source of identity, a link to the culture of a place or region –and never more so than on derby (同城比赛) day. Those who support the victor gain bragging rights, renewed faith and increased optimism for the coming months. The losers’ supporters, on the other hand, earn wounded pride and dreams of revenge next time.To see this phenomenon in action, look no further than Spain’s national derby – Real Madrid versus FC Barcelona.On Feb 26, the two powerhouses staged a breathtaking showdown (一决胜负). Cristiano Ronaldo scored twice to lead Real Madrid to a 3-1 win.At Barcelona’s Camp Nou Stadium before Tuesday’s match, when thousands of Barcelona fans held up red and gold cards forming a big mosaic of the Catalan national flag, it became clear that this clash goes far beyond sports.According to the BBC, the rivalry (对立) goes back to the 1930s. Barcelona is the capital of Catalonia, a Northeastern autonomous region in Spain where many people desire greater independence from the central Spanish government. After the Spanish Civil War, the government suppressed the Catalan language and culture.While the Catalonians and their club FC Barcelona fought to maintain their identity, Francisco Franco, the fascist ruler of Spain at that time, treated Real Madrid better. Throughout the years, FC Barcelona was a symbol of strength for the Catalan region. There is nothing Catalans enjoy more than beating Real Madrid – a team with strong links to Spain’s ruling family.But Real Madrid and FC Barcelona is not the only pair fighting for pride. Another fierce derby is between Boca Juniors and River Plate in Argentina. UK newspaper The Observer even placed attending the Argentinian event atop their list of “50 sporting things you must do before you die”.Both clubs originated in the La Boca district in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. In 1925, however, River moved to a wealthier district of the city. “Ju st seven kilometers separates these two fierce rivals but a huge class divide fuels their bitter hatred for each other,”noted The Observer. Some 70 percent of Argentines support either “aristocratic” River or the traditionally “working class” Boca.“It is a carnival-like atmosphere… Fans exchange songs and flares, and flag-burning is a regular occurrence,” the paper wrote.4. Why did the Barcelona fans make a big mosaic of the Catalan national flag?A. To represent Catalan identity.B. To call for a more united country.C. To show their love and support for Spain.D. To impress and entertain the audience.5. What is the biggest reason for Boca Juniors and River Plate’s rivalry?A. Different cultures.B. Different religions.C. Different social classes.D. The competition system.6. What is the article mainly about?A. What soccer fan culture is.B. Why derbies are so fierce.C. How derby came into being.D. How rivalry between two teams makes their game more interesting.(C)WHEN I signed up to volunteer as a team leader for the Special Olympics, I had no idea what it would entail (带来). Standing in the middle of the crowded gymnasium, I waited anxiously for my team of girls to be called. Suddenly, a small group of schoolgirls closed in on me.One young woman bounced clumsily toward me with such liveliness. Gravity seemed to have no effect on her. Strands of brown hair swayed back and forth in front of her blue eyes with every step, and a huge smile warmed her freckled face.I felt paralyzed as I realized she was heading directly toward me. She stood next to me, placed her arm on my shoulder, and said, “Hi, I’m Jane.”“Hi, I’m Sandy.”Then, moving even closer, she said: “Hi, Sandy. I’m Jane.”Smiling, I asked: “How are you, Jane?”“Fine,” she said.Just then the whistle announced the first event: abasketball-dribbling relay. The girls lined up behind the starting line, ready to dribble the ball to the other end of the court and back again.When it was Jane’s turn, she looked at me and said: “Watch, Sandy.I can do this.” As she attempted to dribble, her bouncing gait (步法) kept her from controlling the ball. With almost every step, Jane’s foot would kick the ball, sending it flying across the gymnasium.“You can do it, Jane!” I yelled..Her smile never faded as she happily retrieved (重新得到) the ball and resumed (再次开始) where she had left off. It took two more tripsacross the gymnasium before Jane was back at my side“I did good, didn’t I, Sandy?” Jane asked proudly. “Yes, you did fine.”Then, Jane on ce again placed her arm on my shoulder and declared: “Hi Sandy, I’m Jane.”“Yes, you are Jane, a wonderful young lady,” I responded, with a reassuring smile. This game continued throughout the other events.At the end of the day, each athlete received a ribbon. No one on my team came in first. Rankings weren’t important.Because of Jane, I now find joy in the little things. I know that winning isn’t the only thing that matters. When life sends me in an unexpected direction, I now get right back on course and start again, with a smile like hers.Every once in a while, I can feel her arm rest on my shoulder and hear her say: “Hi Sandy, I’m Jane. You did good.”7. When the author realized that Jane was coming toward her, she ______.A. felt surprised and didn’t know how to reactB. felt disappointed that Jane was on her teamC. was pleased because she liked her livelinessD. was a little frightened at her strange way of walking8. During the basketball-dribbling relay, Jane ______.A. would have given up without the author’s encouragementB. was dribbling at a fast speed despite her bouncing gaitC. failed to dribble the ball to the other end of the courtD. remained cheerful though she had some trouble controlling the ball9. When Jane said “I did good, didn’t I, Sandy?”, what was the author’s response?A. She agreed with her sincerely.B. She agreed for fear of hurting her self-esteem.C. She wondered why Jane was so confident.D. She worried that the result might disappoint her.10. What did the author learn from Jane?A. Independence and ambition.B. Responsibility and determination.C. Optimism and perseverance.D. Teamwork and an adventurous spirit.(D)ONE summer I was driving from my hometown of Tahoe City, California to New Orleans, Louisiana. In the middle of the desert, I passed a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. There was a time when you’d be called a jerk (混蛋) for passing by somebody in need. Now you’re a fool for he lping. “I don’t want to get involved” seems to have become a national motto.Several days later I was thinking about the hitchhiker, about how I didn’t even lift my foot off the accelerator for him.“Does anyone stop any more?” I wondered. Blanche DuBois once said: “I have always depended on the kindness of strangers.” Was that possible these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey across the US without any money, just relying on the good will of others. What would happen? Would he find food, shelter and support?The idea intrigued (激起兴趣) me.The week I turned 37, I realized that I had never done something truly crazy. So I decided to really do it: travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. I would only accept offers of rides, food and places to sleep.For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4,223 miles across 14 states. I was treated kindly everywhere I went. I was amazed by people’s readiness to help a stranger.In Nebraska, a house painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat. I didn’t, so he g ave me a big green army-style jacket. A lumber-mill worker in Michigan named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house. Then he offered me a tent.I refused, but Tim insisted, packing it into my bag himself. I found people were generally compassionate. Hearing I had no money and would take none, people bought me food and gave me necessities. Those who had the least to give often gave the most.I’m grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter and their gifts. My faith in ordinary folks was renewed. It turns out you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.11. How did the author feel days after he refused to give the young mana ride?A. Guilty.B. Worried.C. Confused.D. Embarrassed.12. Why did the author decide to go on a hitchhiking journey without any money?A. To test his doubts about people’s kindness.B. To experience the culture of hitchhiking.C. To call for trust and love among people.D. To have a fun and cool birthday party.13. What does the underlined word “compassionate” in Paragraph 7 mean?A. Inspiring.B. Sympathetic.C. Passionate.D. Responsible.14. During the author’s journey, _____.A. he found his previous faith in people proved correctB. he was impressed that poor people were more eager to helpC. he made lots of friends and learned many practical survival skillsD. he didn’t receive as much help as he had expected。

阅读微技能训练5—篇章结构题(1) 篇章结构题主要考查学生把握文章的脉络、辨认文章总体行文结构及组织方式、判断组织结构功能的能力，如果文章是节选的，可能会要求考生推断文章前后未呈现的内容。

I. 三类篇章结构题的出题方式1. 结构识辨: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。

结构识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下：How is the text organized?The author develops the passage mainly by ______ .The text is mainly developed in the order of _______ .Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?2. 组织结构功能: 此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见的题干表述方式如下：The author quoted ⋯words in...paragraph in order to make the article .3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。

其常见的题干表述方式如下：What would the author probably discuss in theparagraph that follows?Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection? II 、解题策略[Example 1]: The Diet Zone: A Dangerous PlaceDiet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet ...We are surrounded by the word “diet ” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brains to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling theconsumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthyfoods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight forthe scale( 秤) instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet ” in food labels.On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe thatgain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is timeto seriously think about buying them. Loosing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.1. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?Tip 1 ：__________________________________________________________________________________ [Practice 1] The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views.It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings ：in pure science —a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning ；in applied science —a more reasonable shari ng of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.William Shakespeare said, “ The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线） , good and ill together. ” The above brief review of the application of only onepart of human activities —science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But doesit have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?1. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?( ① =Paragrah 1, ② =Paragrah 2, ③ =Paragrah 3, ④ =Paragrah 4, ⑤ =Paragrah 5) [Example 2] Louis Armstrong had two famous nicknames. Somep eople called him Bagamo. They said his mouth looked like a large bag. Musicians often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his influence on the world of music. Born in 1901 in New Orleans, Jazz was invented in the city a “Jazz and I grew up together. Armstrong showed a great at a boy 's home. In his late He played in parades, clubs, River. At that time, to many great musicians. respected as their equal.In 1922 he went to Chicago. There, the tale of Louis Armstrong begins. From then until the end of his life, Armstrong was celebrated and loved wherever he went. Armstrong had no equal when it came to playing the American popular song. His cornet playing had a deep humanity and warmth that caused many listeners to say, “Listening to Pops just makes you feel good all over. ” He was the father of the jazz style and also one of the best-known and most admired people in the world. His death, on July 6, 1971, was headline news around the world. 2. The whole passage is developed _________ . A. by space B. by examples C. by time D. by comparison Tip 2： ___________________________________________________________________________________ 考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此 , 具备文体、写作方式 和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。

2015年高考英语阅读理解题干题支规律主旨大意阅读微技能训练1-目的态度题细节题之观点陈述正确与否指代关系refer to询问目的\意图 aim ,purpose文章类型及出处 type篇章结构，行文逻辑 How is the passage developed ?By space, by comparison, By time , by asking question ,by making definition , by giving examples ,by listing facts ….篇章结构判断态度观点的办法主旨大意主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对锻炼大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。

此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占3-4个。

◆设问特点：1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。

3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。

4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。

◆常考问题：1). 中心思想类T he main point /idea of the passage is…The passage is mainly about… The passage mainly discusses…The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?72. What is stressed in the first paragraph?2).标题类Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passage would be …细节题之观点陈述正确与否34. Which of the following statements is true?A. Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School.B. It's unnecessary to take soft drinks with you.C. Free digital cameras are provided for everybody.D. Festival food will be served without extra charge.指代关系(2013湖南阅读理解B) 61. “Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to________.A. a program directed by DorothyB. a course given by the authorC. an activity held by the studentsD. an organization sponsored by Union College（2013新课标I ，59）. The underlined word “glitch” probably means _________A. coverB. changeC. noteD. fault42. The word "culprit" ( Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to______.A. criminalB. judgeC. victimD. producer2．How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph 2?A．By giving instructions． B．By analyzing cause and effect．C．By following the order of time． D．By giving examples．询问目的\意图（2014 潍坊一模阅读C，51）．The two questions in Paragraph l are raised to _____ A．introduce the topic B．give two examplesC．compare different opinions D．get answers from readers（2012四川A，42）. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to showthat ______ .49. What is the main purpose of the selection?A. To give advice on how to stay healthy.B. To provide information about our body.C. To challenge new findings in medical research. 挑战，质疑D. To report the latest discoveries in medical science.（2013江苏阅读B，59.）The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrate s_______.A. the necessity of patience in queuingB. the advantage of modern technologyC. the uncertainty of allocation principleD. the fairness of telephonic servicesillustrates.vt.说明；表明；给…加插图；（用示例、图画等）说明（2013江苏阅读B，60）.The passage is meant to_______ .A. justify paying for faster servicesB. discuss the morals of allocating thingsC. analyze the reason for standing in lineD. criticize the behavior of queue jumping. justify证明…有理；为…辩护；对…作出解释64. The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________A. . provide some key factsB. attract the readers’ interest in the subjectC. show great respect for the ancient thinkerD. prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations5. The aim to write the passage is to ______.A. praiseB. doubtC. blameD. statestate陈述，声明‘Our relationship is totally platonic,’ she stated... “我们纯属精神恋爱，”她声明道。