西方心理学史人物时间表(700B.C.——1971)(英文版)

From:/museum/history/ History of Psychology HomepageHistory of Psychology TimelineIn the beginning.......700 B.C.Psamtik I conducts the first psychological experiment in Egypt625 – 546 B.C.Time period of Thales, who invented the idea of Nous. He was the first Greek philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, is credited with writing a book on navigation, and is rumored to have been Anaximander’s teacher.Circa 600 B.C.”Discovery of mind” in various parts of the world580 B.C.The Greek philosopher Anaximander, a biologist, geographer, andastronomer, organizes a map of the world550 B.C.Pythagoras, the first pure mathematician, completes his famous theorem535 - ~450 B.C.The time Period of Alcmaeon, who proposed four 'powers' of the body: hot, cold, wet, and dry. Also asked the question, "Where does the nous live?"507 B.C.Cleisthenes makes Athens the world’s first democracy.500 - 428 B.C.The Time Period of the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras, philosopher,mathematician and teacher of Pericles490 - 420 B.C.The Time Period of the Greek philosopher Protagoras, who believed that truth and knowledge are created by the mind.469 - 399 B.C.The Time Period of the Greek philosopher Socrates, teacher of Plato.460 - 377 B.C.The Time Period of Hippocrates, father of medicine, the Hippocratic oath, and the 4 "humors" (blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile)460 - 370 B.C.The Time Period of the Greek philosopher Democritus, who came up with the concept of 'atoms.' Atoms struck the body and were translated intoperception in the mind.427 - 348 B.C.The Time Period of the Greek philosopher Plato, teacher of Aristotle384 - 322 B.C.AristotleEra of the great philosopher367 B.C.Plato becomes the founder of the Academia350 B.C.Aristotle creates The Anima341 - 270 B.C.EpicurusTime period of the philosopher Epicurus, who based his physics on the theory of a materialistic universe unregulated by divine providence and composed of indestructible atoms moving in a void. Founder of Epicureanism: "Pleasure is the beginning and the end of the blessed life"336 - 264 B.C.Time period of the philosopher Zeno, cofounder of stoicism (a philosophy that stated that peace could only be found through controlling onesemotions)335 B.C.Aristotle becomes the founder of the Lyceum120 - 201Time period of Galen, whose work influenced the medical community for 1500 years. Galen worked on a theory of personalities, and was the first toclassify emotions.406Augustine completes Confessions426Augustine completes City of God1247BedlamWorld's first mental hospital opens in London. It was called Bethlehem Royal Hospital, but soon became commonly known as 'Bedlam.'1264St.Thomas AquinasPublishes his famous Summa Theologica1605Francis BaconBiographyThe Proficience and Advancement of Learning is published1632 - 1704Time period of John Locke, a major leader of the British empiricist tradition, and one of the most influential philosophers ofpost-renaissance Europe.1637French philosopher Renê Desca rtes publishes Discourse on Method.Descartes is famous for the quote "I think, therefore I am"1649René DescartesWrites Passions of the Soul which postulates the total separation of bodyand soul1651Thomas HobbesPublishes the Leviathan1690An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is published by Englishphilosopher John Locke1709George BerkeleyAn Essay Toward a New Theory of Vision is published1732A treatise of empirical psychology is published by Christian von Wolff1734A treatise of rational psychology is published by Christian von Wolff1748David HumePublishes the famous An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding1782Immanuel Kant, one of the most influential philosophers of the day,publishes Critique of Pure Reason1834Johannes Müller publishes Handbüch des Physiologie des Menschen1838Elements of Physiology is published by Johannes Müller1858Wilhelm WundtWorks with Hermannn von Helmholtz as his assistant1859Charles DarwinPublishes The origin of the species1860Gustav Theodor Fechner publishes Elements of Psychophysics1869Francis GaltonHereditary Genius is published1871The descent of man is published by Charles Darwin1872Charles Darwin publishes The Expression of the Emotions in the Man andin the Animals1874Wundt left Heidelberg for a better position at the University of Zurich1875William JamesTeaches the course The relationships among the Physiology and thePsychologyWundt leaves Zurich and heads toward University of Leipzig1876Francis Galton uses method of twin comparisons1879Wilhelm Wundt establishes first psychological laboratory at theUniversity of Leipzig in Germany1880Francis Galton makes systematic use of questionaries1881Wundt begins to publishes journal Philosophische Studien1883Francis Galton publishes Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its DevelopmentThe first laboratory of psychology in America is established at Johns Hopkins University by G. Stanley Hall1885Hermann EbbinghausEbbinghaus publishes Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology(Über das Gedächtnis)1887Christine Ladd-Franklin receives an honorary LLD from Vassar, the only Vassar graduate to receive this honor1888J. McKeen CattellBecomes America's first professor of psychology at the University ofPennsylvania1890William James publishes Principles of PsychologyJ. M. Cattel publishes Mental Tests and measurements.1892The American Psychological Association is founded, having only 42 membersLadd-Franklin develops the Ladd-Franklin theory, which stated that evolution led to an increased differentiation between color and black and white vision, and assumed a photochemical model of the visual system. This theory enjoyed widespread acceptance for many years.Edward B. Titchener, student of Wundt, comes to the US.1894Margaret Floy WashburnWashburn completes her training under Titchener1896Mary Whiton CalkinsCalkins publishes a paper in the Psychological Review extendingEbbinghaus' memory research.1900Sigmund FreudPublishes The Interpretation of DreamsCarl G. JungCarl G. Jung is appointed Bleuler's assistant1905Alfred BinetPublishes New Methods for the Diagnosis of the Intellectual Level ofSubnormals.Calkins elected as the first woman president of the American PsychologicalAssociation1906Ivan PavlovPublishes his findings regarding classical conditioning1907Carl G. Jung publishes The Psychology of Dementia PraecoxAlfred AdlerAlfred Adler publishes his main work: A Study of Organic Inferiority andIts Psychical Compensation1908Kurt KoffkaKoffka receives his doctorate under Stumpf at the University of BerlinAlfred Binet and Theodor Simon develop tests for measurement children'sintelligenceWashburn publishes, "The Animal Mind"1909Wolfgang KohlerKohler receieves his doctorate under Stumpf at the University of BerlinCalkins publishes an introductory psychology textbook, "A First Book inPsychology"1910Max WertheimerWertheimer discoveres the illusionary movement of light, and calls it the"Phi Phenomenon"Wertheimer, Koffka and Kohler meet1911E. L. ThorndikePublishes his famous Animal Intelligence1912Wertheimer publishes, "Experimental Studies of the Perception of Movement." These findings marked the beginning of Gestalt Psychology1913John WatsonPublishes Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It Carl G. Jung begins to depart from freudian views and develops his own theoriesKohler goes to the Canary Islands to study chimpanzees. He is stranded there until the end of World War I.1915Sigmund Freud publishes the metapsychological work on repression1916Washburn publishes, "Movement and Mental Imagery"1917Kohler writes "The Mentality of Apes"1918Calkins elected as the first woman president of the American PhilosophicalAssociation1920Kohler returns to GermanyWatson is forced to leave academia. He enters the advertising business, where he applies psychological methods and principles to advertising.1921Washburn elected as the second woman president of the AmericanPsychological AssociationKoffka publishes "The Growth of the Mind," which deals with childdevelopment.1922Koffka introduces Gestal Psychology to America with Perception: AnIntroduction to the Gestalt TheoryKohler succeeds Stumpf at the University of Berlin1923Sigmund Freud publishes The Ego and the Id1925E. K. Strong publishes The Psychology of Selling and AdvertisingLadd-Franklin publishes "The Nature of Color Sensation"1930B. F. SkinnerPublishes his first experimental paper, On The Conditions of Eliciationof certain Eating Reflexes1932Washurn becomes the first woman psychologist and second woman scientist elected to the National Academy of Sciences1935Koffka publishes "Principles of Gestalt Psychology"Kohler flees Germany, joins the faculty of Swarthmore College, and becomes the spokesman for Gestalt Psychology1937B. F. Skinner uses the term operant for the first time and applies theterm respondent to the pavlovian type of reflex1938B. F.Skinner publishes The Behavior of the Organisms1942Carl RogersDevelops therapy centered on the patient1954Abraham Maslow developes a hierarquical theory of human personality inthe book Motivation and Personality1957B. F. Skinner publishes Verbal behaviorWatson receives a citation from the American Psychological Associationfor his contributions to psychology1959Kohler elected as president of the American Psychological Association1960Robert Watson publishes article History of Psychology: a Neglected Area1961Carl Rogers publishes On becoming a person1968Abraham Maslow publishes Toward a Psychology of Being1971B. F. Skinner publishes Beyond Freedom and DignityInformation about the History of Psychology Homepagecan be obtained from:Dr. Charles I. Abramsonat (405) 744-7492via E-Mail: charles.abramson@programmed and created by Brian Goldesberry and Jason Sappwith special thanks to Craig Satterfield and Charles Abramson.The contents of these pages copyright 2004 by Charles Abramson and Craig Satterfield. No part of these pages may be reproduced or used in any format without written permission.。