高三英语阅读理解：写作目的型

专题08 阅读理解之目的意图类距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

一．（2022-山东•德州市教育科学研究院三模）Best Books to Make Your 2022 Happier, Brighter and More CreativeTo discover natureToday's urban living makes it easy for us to feel divorced from nature. Like so many others, we are feeling the call of the wild. Urban Wild by Helen Rook is out in February and full of positive suggestions to help you discover wildness on your doorstep. The month-by-month format is such a great tool for discovery and will tell you exactlywhat to look out for each season. Melinda Salisbury's The Way Back is a change on the traditional monthly almanac (Is 15) and a truly modern guide back to natural rhythms, which is designed for those who feel most removed from the old ways and cycles.To go in for sportsFinding an exercise that you enjoy one that you want to stick to because it's so much fun is a surefire way to have you bounding into the year. Take a stroll with 52 Ways To Walk. Annabel Streets digs into the science and romanticism of walking and explores the good things that can happen with this one small act.And the classic Running Like A Girl is still a hugely inspiring book that will make you want to pull your sports shoes on before you've finished chapter two.To find your creativityFrom its tiniest details to its most dramatic events, your story is a sacred gift. But how do you find and tell that story? Nikesh Shukla's new book Your Story Matters is out on March 17 and it's full of writing inspiration to help you with your own stories. Julia Cameron's classic The Artist's Way turns 30 this year. Her program for creative recovery begins with the Morning Pages, a daily writing ritual of three pages of stream-of-conscious, and the Artist Date, a dedicated block of time to nurture your inner artist.1. What is special about Urban Wild?A. It comes out every month.B. It shows traditional life styles.C. It marks the start of each season.D. It promotes nature in the city.2. Which book will fire your love for exercise?A. The Way Back.B. The Artist's Way.C. Running Like A Girl.D. Your Story Matters.3. What is the Morning Pages by Julia Cameron?A. A creative writing task.B. A book on her own story.C. A famous artistic work.D. A diary of classic writers.二．(2022-江苏省泰州市教育局模拟预测）Brilliant Spring BreaksThe bees are buzzing and flowers are blooming. Take a look at these destinations and grab a relaxing getaway while making the most of the UK countryside.Trefeddian HotelAt the Trefeddian Hotel you can expect a warm welcome whether you are booking a family holiday, or romantic escape. Our beautifully located coastal hotel in Mid-Wales has something for everyone to enjoy: all-around sea views, miles of golden sandy beaches and a heated indoor pool.St Moritz Hotel & Garden VillasEscape to our Miami inspired luxury hotel or coastal villas on the north Cornish coast. With our Shorecrest restaurant serving seasonal dishes with ingredients sourced from Cornwall's markets; Cowshed spa; indoor and outdoor pools; a bunch of local attractions and surrounded by the sea, St Moritz Hotel is the place for relaxation and adventure.Greenwood GrangeWelcome to a collection of 17 luxury, stone built, self-catering holiday cottages in Dorset. There's so much to offer, whether it's relaxing in your own private cottage (some have hot baths), swimming in the indoor pool, or playing the volleyball on the seashore, we've got it all you can even pick your own fruit or vegetables from our kitchen garden. Contact us for more information.Skye Shepherd HutsLooking for a holiday offering peace and quiet? Choose Skye Shepherd Huts, with amazing wildlife, donkeys and hens for company. Set in a lovely traditional village by the sea, ideal for walkers, boating nearby and eagle-spotting. Pet friendly. Comfortable with beautiful views, but electricity and hot water are not ready for use.4. Which destination best suits people who enjoy cooking?A. Trefeddian Hotel.B. Skye Shepherd Huts.C. Greenwood Grange.D. St Moritz Hotel & Garden Villas.5. What is the disadvantage of Skye Shepherd Huts?A. There is always bad smell.B. It only admits pet owners.C. Vehicles are banned except boats.D. Hot showers are not accessible.6. What do the four destinations have in common?A. Ocean views.B. Golden beaches.C. Seasonal dishes.D. Adventurous activities.答案一．（2022-山东•德州市教育科学研究院三模）答案1. D 2.C 3.A【解析】本文是一篇应用文。

英语阅读理解高频考点——写作意图题巧突破作者的意图、观点和看法题考生具有较高层次的阅读技能，包括在困难的语境条件下把握作者的思路，在较高深的措辞中探究作者隐藏的思想及真正的写作意图。

常见的意图、观点和看法题考查考生对文章的写作意图和作者及文中人物的主观看法的把握以及分析作者描述某些细微环节的意图的实力。

此类题属于得分率较低的高难度题。

近三年写作意图题/观点看法题考查频次一览表时间从上表可以看出，近年来全国卷中此类题的考查频次有所增加。

预料2019年高考仍旧会有1—2道考查写作意图或观点看法的题，考生备考时要重视起来。

考点1写作意图题此类题型要求考生依据文章的论述，推想作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。

作者一般不干脆陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所供应的客观事实使读者信服某种想法或观点。

这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及运用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的实力。

整篇文章的写作意图的常见设问方式有：For what purpose did the author write the passage?The writer writes this passage in order to .The purpose of the text is to .某处细微环节的写作目的的常见设问方式有：What is the purpose of the last part of the text?The writer uses...in the first paragraph to .The writer uses the example of...to .【典例1】（2019·北京卷·C篇）Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti\|vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone isprotected. This is called "herd immunity", which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17\|year\|old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(确定不参与) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life\|saving benefits vaccines provide, but they ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.66.What is the purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the idea of exemption.B. To discuss methods to cure measles.C. To stress the importance of vaccination.D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.【解析】这是一篇说明文。

2012年全国高考阅读理解之写作目的型题2011年(重庆卷)CGetting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To stress the role of dirt.B. To introduce the history of dirt.C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.D. To present the change of views on dirt.ESkeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explain why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets some big businesses with special intererts. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg’s views are similar to those of some Industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg’s “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”。

考点归纳：理解作者的意图、观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。

而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。

因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。

基础必读：写作意图题是指作者通过文章想达到什么样的目的，可以说，每个人写文章都有他的用意：根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度。

要求考生分析作者运用某一写作手法的目的。

常见的提问方式有：（1）What was Mrs Smith's attitude to the author at the end of the story?解释：在故事的结局史密斯夫人对作者的态度如何?（2）The writer uses ... to(show that) ______.解释：作者用...来表示 ______。

（3）By quoting ..., the author intends to ______.解释：通过引用…,作者想要表达 ______。

（4）By telling the story of ..., the author intends to ______.解释：通过讲述的故事……,作者想要表达________。

（5）The story of ... is used to ______.解释：这个故事…是用于________。

（6）What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)?解释：作者很可能会在下一段(或下文中)继续谈论什么?（7）The purpose of the writer to write the passage is ______.解释：作者写作的目的是________。

作者运用某种写作手法的目的或是要引出主题、突出主题，或是要吸引读者关注主题，或是要把主题说明得更清楚。

专题 4 阅读理解专题之----写作目的题【设问形式】写作目的题常见设问形式：推断写作目的题的设问题干中常有purpose, 或后面接表示目的的动词不定式，如: to, in order to, meant to 等。

可以提问对整篇文章的目的，对文章某一段落或某一部分的目的，或者对某处细节的写作意图推断。

比如：1）What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?2）What is the purpose of the ...part of the text?3）What is the purpose of the passage?4）What is the main purpose of ...?5）...are mentioned in the ...paragraph to .........【考查方式】高考阅读理解推断写作目的或意图题要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。

作者一般不会直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章中提供的一些事实或表述来使读者信服某种观点或看法。

此类题型主要考查学生对文章内容准确理解，分析和归纳总结作者阐述的问题及写作手法的能力。

推断作者写这篇文章的目的，要综合考虑文章的主旨和文章的文体：1）写作目的与文章主旨密切相关，因此，可以用略读法，重点关注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓出文章的主旨，然后通过主旨来推断作者的写作目的。

通常议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，主题句多在开头，可以快速推断出作者的写作目的。

2）作者的写作目的还和文章的文体密切相关，所以我们可以通过分析文章的文体来做出推断。

①议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同作者的某一观点或倡导某种做法。

②说明文的目的通常是使读者获得某种知识、提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁对某种现象或某个问题给予重视。

③记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历，告诉读者一个有趣的故事，读者从中得到乐趣；如果是夹叙夹议的文章，目的一般是表达作者感悟或给读者某种启示。

年高考英语阅读理解专题练习——推测作者写作目的和态度年高考英语阅读理解专题练习——推测写作目的和态度未知年高考英语阅读理解专题练习——推测写作目的和态度School uniforms are being more and more popular across the USA That’s no surprise, because they offer many benefits They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling（标记）that e from clothing If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the “wrong” clothesSome people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule --- wanting to looust like their friends The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down As in other places, uniforms remind the wearers of their purposes and duties For example, when a man or woman puts on a police uniform, he or she bees, for a time, the symbol（象征）of laand order The uniform means to the wearer his or her special duties and sends the same message to everyone the wearer meets People with different jobs wear uniforms of one kind or another For students, the school uniform reminds them that their task for the six or seven hours they are in school is to get an educationSome parents are unhappy about uniforms, saying that school uniforms will affect their children’s “creativity” First, as noted above, the clothes students choose to wear do not necessarily express their individuality（个性） They just copytheir classmates Second, students have the rest of the day to be as creative as they like While they’re in school, their job is to master reading, writing, and maths; this should take up all the creativity they have Mastery of those skills will be good for the students to build up their creativity in every way The author would probably agree thatA it makes no difference whether to wear school uniforms or notB students’ individuality may not e from school educationC students’ creativity is related to the clothes they chooseD school uniforms help to create equality among students。

专题 4 阅读理解专题之----写作目的题【设问形式】写作目的题常见设问形式：推断写作目的题的设问题干中常有purpose, 或后面接表示目的的动词不定式，如: to, in order to, meant to 等。

可以提问对整篇文章的目的，对文章某一段落或某一部分的目的，或者对某处细节的写作意图推断。

比如：1）What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?2）What is the purpose of the ...part of the text?3）What is the purpose of the passage?4）What is the main purpose of ...?5）...are mentioned in the ...paragraph to .........【考查方式】高考阅读理解推断写作目的或意图题要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。

作者一般不会直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章中提供的一些事实或表述来使读者信服某种观点或看法。

此类题型主要考查学生对文章内容准确理解，分析和归纳总结作者阐述的问题及写作手法的能力。

推断作者写这篇文章的目的，要综合考虑文章的主旨和文章的文体：1）写作目的与文章主旨密切相关，因此，可以用略读法，重点关注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓出文章的主旨，然后通过主旨来推断作者的写作目的。

通常议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，主题句多在开头，可以快速推断出作者的写作目的。

2）作者的写作目的还和文章的文体密切相关，所以我们可以通过分析文章的文体来做出推断。

①议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同作者的某一观点或倡导某种做法。

②说明文的目的通常是使读者获得某种知识、提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁对某种现象或某个问题给予重视。

③记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历，告诉读者一个有趣的故事，读者从中得到乐趣；如果是夹叙夹议的文章，目的一般是表达作者感悟或给读者某种启示。

高考英语阅读中如何理解作者的写作意图作者：平怀林来源：《广东教育·高中》2018年第11期理解作者的意图、观点和态度，是近四年来全国Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷的必考点，全国Ⅲ卷的常考点。

每年每套题通常考1～3个小题。

具体情况见下表：这类题包括作者写整篇文章的目的，写某个部分或段落的目的，写某句话的目的，在文中提到某人或某事物的目的，以及使用某标点、引用和举例的目的等。

本文仅谈作者写作文章的目的。

作者写文章的意图，或是向读者传递某个信息，或者是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。

题干中常有purpose或不定式（intend to do， in order to do， to do），提问方式有：What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？（2017年全国Ⅱ卷）What does the author want to tell us？（2013年全国课标I卷）What does the text suggest people do about...？（2018全国Ⅰ卷）写作意图与文体类型密切相关，因此，解答这类题可用文体推断法：议论文——说服读者接受或赞同某一观点，倡导某种做法等。

说明文——介绍某一事物或说明某种现象。

记叙文——分享一段有趣的经历或故事，使读者获得乐趣；若是夹叙夹议的文章，则是表达作者的观点、感悟或启示，重点关注首尾段中的“议”。

广告——推销一种产品或服务，其目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等。

典型例题（2017年全国Ⅱ卷·27）I first met Paul Newman in 1968， when George Roy Hill， the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid， introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well-known as Paul—he stood up for me ...The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that ...We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success， you should put something back ...I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？A. To show his love of films.B. To remember a friend.C. To introduce a new movie.D. To share his acting experience.点拨：本文是记叙文，要在理解其内容的基础上去推断作者的写作目的。