综合英语教程4 第7单元Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness 课文答案、翻译等 很全面

新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-8)课后答案及课文翻译B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key: (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are youlikely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likelyto feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do yousuggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to thereader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London Schoolof Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (i t’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in use1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sentences us ing try as … might .。

7A1|返朴归真| 琳达·韦尔特纳“我们讨论的是简化生活，而不是物质匮乏，”我的朋友萨拉解释说，“绝对不是你不可以做你喜欢的那些事情，而是你在改变，不再喜欢同样的事情罢了。

一些旧的习惯看上去是那样的浪费又不能令人满意，你真的对它们失去了兴趣。

所以你仍然拥有你需要的每一件东西——只不过不需要花那么多的钱罢了。

”2当我第一次遇见他们时，萨拉和迈克尔夫妇双双从业，拥有自己的住宅和用一大笔贷款购置的一条大船。

随着女儿的出世而他们又想亲自抚养她，他们开始对“自愿简朴”的理念产生了兴趣。

他们俩谁都不愿意把他们视为生活中最重要的部分仅仅局限于上班前的一小段时间和下班后已疲惫不堪的那几个小时。

3“许多人认为，因为有了孩子而且东西越来越贵，唯一的办法就是更加努力地工作以便挣更多的钱。

其实这并不是唯一的办法，”迈克尔坚持说。

4这对夫妻的决定是把两份全职工作业换成两份半日工作，并且削减消费。

他们决定只把钱花在有助于实现他们的主要目标的东西上：构建一个把家庭和友谊、工作和娱乐融为一体的生活天地，而且还是一个不浪费地球资源的生活天地。

5现在他们还在原来的那个近郊社区，住在一幢自己设计的、漂亮而节能的房子里。

按许多标准来看，房子虽然小了点，却容易清扫、布置、维修和供暖。

一层是个大房间，厨房靠墙，摆着一张桦木餐桌和吃饭用的几把椅子；一张舒适的长沙发和一个柴炉就把日常起居的范围圈定了；角落是工作区。

楼上是他们的卧室、一个萨拉和迈克尔共用的办公室和一间浴室。

整幢房子明亮简洁，同周围环境十分和谐。

很快，前门外还要建一个太阳能温室。

6一对只有兼职工作的夫妻怎么会有钱建造自己的房子、拥有一辆汽车并同另一对夫妻共享一艘小船，而且所有这一切都不曾贷款呢？他们如何能够维持足以提供他们想要的“一切”的那样一种高生活水平呢？他们放弃的而且不再怀念是哪些东西呢？7首先，他们放弃了乱七八糟的昂贵东西：（浴室）药柜里满满的从来不用的化妆品和在柜台上随时可以买到的药品；堆放在厨房壁柜里的最终只会丢弃的各种东西。

Here is a story of two people whose rebellion against the trend of the modern world went all the way. As Linda Weltner reports, Sara and Michael decided that the world was too much with them, and that they could live much happier lives without the myths of consumerism and the thrownaway mentality. One wonders just how many of us could make such a drastic change in our lifestyle.Stripping Down to Bare HappinessLinda Weltner1)"What we're talking about is simplification, not deprivation," explains Sara, afriend of mine. "It isn't that you can't do all the things you like, but you change.You don't like them anymore. Some of the old habits seem so wasteful and unsatisfying that you really lose your taste for them. So you still have everything you want – only on less money."2)When I first met them, Sara and Michael were a two-career couple with a homeof their own, and a large boat bought with a large loan. They began to take an interest in the concept of "voluntary simplicity" with the birth of their daughter whom they wanted to raise all by themselves. Neither one of them, it turned out, was willing to restrict what they considered their "real life" into the brief time before work and the tired hours afterward.3)"A lot of people think that as they have children and things get more expensive,the only answer is to work harder in order to earn more money. It's not the only answer," insists Michael.4)The couple's decision was to trade two full-time careers for two half-time careers,and to curtail consumption. They decided to spend their money only on things that contributed to their major goal, the construction of a world where family and friendship, work and play, were all of a piece, a world, moreover, which did not make wasteful use of the earth's resources.5)Today, they live in the same suburban community in a handsome,energy-efficient home they designed themselves. Small by most standards, it is easy to clean, furnish, maintain and heat. The first floor, one large room, has a kitchen area along one wall, a birch table and chairs for dining, a living area defined by a comfortable couch and a wood stove, and a corner work area.Upstairs is their bedroom, an office that serves them both, and a bathroom. It is bright and light and in harmony with its surroundings. Soon there will be a solar greenhouse outside the front door.6)How can a couple with two part-time freelance jobs afford to build their ownhome, own a car, and share a small boat with another couple – all without a loan?How can they maintain a high standard of living that provides "everything" they want? What is it they have given up that they do not miss?7)For one thing, they have given up all the expensive clutter – medicine cabinetsfull of cosmetics and over-the-counter drugs they will never use; kitchen cabinets crowded with items they would eventually throw away. The one clothes closet Sara shares with Michael easily contains the basic items in their wardrobes, many of them well-made classic styles from L. L. Bean. "I'm constantly giving things away," Sara explains. By sifting and discarding, by keeping track of what they have, Sara and Michael have a clear idea of what they really need.8)They do not have a dishwasher. The number of hand-thrown pottery dishes theyown would not fill one. They do not own a clothes dryer; the wet clothes, drying indoors in winter, eliminate the need for a humidifier. Sara's dark hair is short.She does not need a hairdryer, electric curlers, or a curling iron. Their front yard is wooded. They do not need a power mower or electric clippers. They do not own a TV, and so they and their child are not constantly saturated with images of new toys, new things, and new temptations.9)They have exchanged the expenses of work in a commuter age – the extra car,the cost of gasoline, professional wardrobes, lunches and frequent dinners out, and babysitting fees – or the time to pay attention to the quality of their lives.They have given up paper products, processed foods, expensive hobbies, first-run movies, restaurants, and paying for the services of others. In return, they enjoy home cooking, mid-week family picnics, library books, participation in community arts programs, thrift shops, and do-it-yourself projects.10)"That yearning feeling that's so much a part of this culture goes on forever," saysSara. "But it doesn't matter if you're making ＄15,000 or ＄50,000. There'll always be the things you wish you could afford. Money really wasn't the reason we changed. We did it for our own personal satisfaction, and for anyone thinking of simplifying life, there is only one basic rule: If it isn't satisfying, don't do it." 11)Sara and Michael lent me their copy of 99 Ways to a Simple Lifestyle, a handbookof practical suggestions that can be applied to anyone's living situation. I read it carefully, giving myself high marks in some areas, surprised at my socially sanctioned irrational behavior in others.12)That night, accompanying my daughter on a shopping trip, I came across aninexpensive hand towel that matched our kitchen wallpaper, and a pair of "bargain" sandals too handsome to resist. When I stood in the parking lot, $11 poorer, no happier on leaving the store than I had been entering it, I felt like a child, helpless in the face of my own impulses.13)It is a world of illusion, this shopping merry-go-round we ride, but with all theaction and excitement, it is sometimes hard to find the resolve and the courage to dismount.。

综合英语4课后翻译Unit 1我认为，选修第二专业并不合适每一位本科生。

我大学本科主修英语专业，大一时就开始辅修经济学了。

无疑，我是班里最用功的学生。

我竭尽全力想同时达到两个不同专业的要求，但还是有不及格的时候。

因为经济学需要良好的数学基础，我不得不花大量时间钻研数学，因而忽略了英语学习。

第二学期，《英国文学》及《宏观经济学》两门课不及格给我敲响了警种，这可是我一生中第一次考试不及格，这大大打击了我的自信心。

虽然我不是一个容易向命运低头的人，在暑假结束的时候，我还是决定放弃经济学，以免两个专业都难以完成。

当我只需修一个专业的时候，一切似乎又回到了正轨。

(if you ask me; odds; try as … might; sap one’s confidence; given that; bow to fate; come to a clo se; for fear that; now that)If you ask me, taking a second major isn’t good for every undergraduate. In my freshman year asa n English major, I took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was the most hardworking studentin my class. But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I stillcouldn’t do well enough to pass all the exams.Given that the study of economics required a goodcomman d of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English major.Failing English Literature and Macro-economics in the second semester sounded the alarm for me .This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence. Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close,Ide cided to give up economics for fear that I would fail in both subjects. Now that I had only onesubj ect to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again.Unit 2张磊是在毕业工作后才开始意识到读书的乐趣的。

Keys-Unit 7VocabularyI. 1.person with extremely excessive self-pride2. with all their talents combined in him3. in a bad temper; unwell or annoyed4. without5. use as much influence of his as possible (from behind the scenes)6. make concessionII. 1. pulled wires 2. be content with 3. rolled into one4. between the lines of5. sink into6. innocent of7. out of sorts 8. lay my hands onIII. 1. callousness 2. tormentor 3. inconceivable 4. arrogantly 5. gloomy 6. tragedy 7. delusion 8. loftyIV. A, B, C, A, C, B, A, DV. 1. humbleness, modesty 2. amazing, stunning, miraculous3. cold-blooded, inhumane, merciless4. void5. ethical, moral, principled, scrupulous6. parody, caricature7. exhilaration, bliss, ecstasy 8. proudly, self-importantlyVI. 1. company 2. controlled 3. imprecise 4. out of fashion 5. immediately 6. coverGrammarI. 1. at 2. on 3. to 4. at 5. from 6. of 7. in, for, at8. on, of, of 9. over 10. on, under, out ofII. C, A, B, C, D, D, B, DIII. Both John and I wanted to go to the movies, but we could not agree on which picture we should go to see. A new picture was showing at the Palace and another at the Globe. Neither John nor I had seen either of these pictures. I wanted to see the one at the Globe, but John didn’t.IV. 1. My cousin, John, who has a beautiful tenor voice, is appearing at the Royal Festival Hall, where I am going to meet him after the concert.2. The roller coaster, which made its appearance in 1884, is still one of the most exciting rides in an amusement park.3. As I could not find a British-made ballpoint pen, I bought a French one, which was expensive although it was an extremely simple pen.4. Everybody who is interested in brass rubbings should visit our village church because it contains some beautiful brasses which date from the 14th century.5. Despite free medical treatment being available to everybody in the country, there are still a number of private hospitals, which are mostly patronized by foreign visitors who do not want to wait for a bed in a National Health Service hospital.6. Crochet, which used to be a favourite pastime in Victorian times, is back in fashion because clothes have become so expensive that it is worthwhile to make them.7. Clanging its bell, the empty cable car approaches, swaying as though slightly drunk.8. We arrived by plane from Denver, a 16-minute flight that culminated in a breathtaking touchdown at a tiny airport tucked in among the Rocky Mountains.V. 1.The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone to play with.2. I have some letters to write.3. He was the first man to leave the burning building.4. The pilot was the only man to survive the crash.5. The last one to leave the room must turn out the lights.6. That is the largest ship to be built.7. My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box to keep them in.8. I don’t much care for cooking for myself; if I had a family to cook for I’d be more interested.TranslationI. 1. 任何人只要有一丝半点的不同意见，即使再微不足道，也足够让他高谈阔论几个钟头，用他那十分累人的雄辩从多方面论证自己是正确的，结果是他的听众听得目瞪口呆，两耳震聋，为了息事宁人，只好顺从他。

新世纪大学英语（第二版）综合教程第4册Unit7Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Seven: Reading and ReflectionPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1Why do you think we need to read?2What do you prefer to read — poems, novels or plays?3What role do you think literary works play in our lives?▆Answers for reference:1Hints:●Reading broadens our horizons.●Reading enriches our kn owledge.●Reading puts us in contact with the best minds of human history.●Reading enriches our experience.●Reading empowers us with knowledge.●Reading improves our character and taste.●Reading is a good pastime.2Some hints:a)Different people read literature for different reasons and purposes because of their differentbackgrounds, tastes, experiences and educational background.b)Those who prefer reading novels may think novels are more interesting and easier to read probablybecause novels usually have plots. They can take readers to other places and times, real or imaginary, allowing them to meetpeople and experience life in many different ways. A good novel makes readers think, laugh, cry or wonder.3Reference:Literary works play an important role in our life. They can broaden our horizons. They help us experience a kind of life which we cannot have in real life. They help us see the things which we tend to ignore in our daily life. They can also help us escape from reality.Section B Quotes▇St udy the following quotes about reading and reflection and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Francis Bacon⊙Some books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.— Francis Bacon Interpretation:There are different ways of reading books. To taste a book, one can read it in a state of relaxation. To swallow a book one can glide his eyes across the lines of a book. To chew or digest a book one should read it actively. And when he has finished reading a book, the pages are filled with his notes. Only when good books are chewed and digested can they have a lasting influence on one’s life.About Francis Bacon (1561-1626): an English politician, philosopher, and writer. Francis Bacon graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge. He was the founder of English materialist philosophy, as well as of modern science in England. He is especially famous for his Essays, in which his practical wisdom is shown through his reflections and comments on rather abstract subjects.Benjamin Franklin◎Reading makes a full man, meditation a profound man, discourse a clear man.— Benjamin FranklinInterpretation:Reading broadens our horizons, molds our temperament and enlightens our minds. Reading provides us with the possibility of opening ourselves up to the world, which helps us to become learned and knowledgeable persons. Thinking deeply helps us gain an insight into human life. Having scholarly conversations with others helps us become wiser.About Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790): a US politician, writer, and scientist. He was involved in writing two historically significant documents, the Declaration of Independence (《独立宣言》) and the Constitution of the United States (《美国宪法》). He is famous for proving that lightning is a form of electricity by doing a scientific test in which he flew a kite during a storm, and he invented the lightning conductor. He is also well known for his literary works such as Poor Richard’s Almanac (《穷理查德年鉴》1732-1757；亦译作《格言历书》、《穷理查历书》) and Autobiography (《自传》1790).Denis Parsons Burkitt◎It is better to read a little and ponder a lot than to read a lot and ponder a little.— Denis Parsons BurkittInterpretation:What really counts is not how many books we have read but whether we spend time thinking over what we have read. So we should read selectively and reflectively.About Denis Parsons Burkitt (1911–1993): an accomplished British surgeon. His major contribution to medical science wasthe description, distribution, and ultimately, the etiology (病因学；病源论) of a pediatric (小儿科的) cancer that bears his name Burkitt’s lymphoma (伯基特氏淋巴瘤).Louisa May Alcott◎Good books, like good friends, are few and chosen; the more select, the more enjoyable.— Louisa May AlcottInterpretation:Books and friends should be few but good. We should be highly selective in reading books, and our greatest pleasure in reading comes from the best books.About Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888): an American novelist best known as author of the novel Little Women (《小妇人》）.Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip “Reading Really Matters” and do the tasks that follow.Introduction of the video:Dana Gioia, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, is talking about arts education.First he mentions a problem in the United States: People are reading less and employers are facing aserious problem that their new employees can’t read and can’t write.According to Dana Gioia, those people who read do exercise more and do more volunteering charity work.Then he comes to talk about how reading actually matters toa person.1 Now fill in the note form according to what you hear.Topic: Reading Awakens Something inside the Reader1) reading increases your sense of your own personal destiny.2) reading makes the lives of other people more real to you.In summary, reading makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own.Reading builds a society with not only imaginative capability, intellectual capability, but compassion, and humanity.2Discuss the following questions.Do you agree that Chinese people are reading less?Do you think modern technology has influenced the way people read?Open.▇Script：Americans are reading less. Because they read less, they read less well. Because they read less well, they do less well in the educational system. We are in the process in the United States of producing the first generation in our history that’s less well-educated than their parents. Now, I mean, to me, this is, you know a…an abandonment of the whole American misroutes of self improvement. Because they do less well in school, they do less well in the job market and economically. The number one problems for new employers in the United States: new employees can’t read, new employees can’t write. And in f act, for those people who can’t even read above the basic level, 55% of those people end up unemployed.And even on a further level, they overwhelmingly are like, you know, are more likely to end up in the criminal justice system. Only 3% of the people in U.S. prisons read at a proficiency level. Because they read less well, you know, because in a sense they don’t develop these things, they are a lso less likely to be engaged in personal positive behavior however you wanna measure it.We can measure it many different ways. You would not think it, but it is overwhelmingly demonstrable: that people that read exercise more; people that read join, play sports more. They belong to civic organizations more. They do volunteering charity work nearly 4 times the level of non-readers.Well, when I saw these data, I said, well, wait. We have to be measuring something else. W e’re measuring income, and we’re measuring education. If you take the poorest people in the United States who read, they do volunteering charity work at twice the level of people who don’t read. So what does it say to us? It says something we know, each of us knows this: when you read, when you’re engaged in the arts, it awakens something inside of you. That does two things: the first is that it increases your sense of your own personal destiny. But, secondly, it makes the lives of other people more real to you. It creates a heightened sense of yourself as an individual, but it also brings you, maybe, especially when you’re reading novels or imagin ing the literature in which you follow the stories, the lives of the people in the dailiness of their existence, socially, economically. Maybe understanding, a man understanding how a woman thinks, and a man understanding how a man thinks, a person understanding how somebody from a different country, from a different race thinks and feels. This imaginative exercises, this meditative exercise, makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own. And so, if you have a society, in which tens of millions of people guided by pleasure no less, undertake these types of contemplations and meditations, you have a society which builds… not only it’s imaginative capability, it’s intellectual capability, b ut it’s compassion, and it’s humanity.Part II Listen and RespondSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1What does the speaker mean by efficient reading or reading efficiently?A)Reading a book for pleasure.B)Writing between lines while reading.C)Remembering the author’s thoughts.D)Scanning a book for facts.2What is the advantage of marking up a book according to the speaker?A)Marking up a book helps readers take in the brilliant ideas in the book.B)Marking up a book enables readers to know what they read.C)Marking up a book makes readers feel like the owner of the book.D)Marking up a book makes readers conscious of the fact that they are reading actively.3What is the true sense of owning a book?A)Marking it through active reading.B)Purchasing it with one’s own money.C)Writing one’s name on it.D)Understanding every word in it.4How do people read books for pleasure?A)They read them consciously.B)They read them in a state of relaxation.C)They read them passively.D)They read them actively.5How do people know they have read actively when they finish reading a book?A)They establish a relationship with the author.B)They gain possession of the book.C)The pages are full of their notes.D)Their spoken language has been improved.▇Key:1) B 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) CSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading it? First, it keeps you 1) ________. And I don’t mean merely 2) ________; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is 3) ________, is thinking, and thinking tends to 4) ________ itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the 5) ________ you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading is to 6) ________ anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an 7) ________ of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of 8) ________ and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty,a book that 9) ________ and tries to answer fundamental questions, 10) ________ the most active reading. When you’ve finished rea ding a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.▇Answers:1)awake 2) conscious 3) active 4) express 5) thoughts6) accomplish 7) understanding 8) relaxation 9) raises 10) demands▇Script:Reading EfficientlyYou know you have to read “between the line s” to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equ ally important in the course of your reading, that is: “write between the lines”. Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. I contend that marking up a book is an act of love.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. And I don’t mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading i s to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas andbeauty, a book that raises and tries to answer fundamental questions, demands the most active reading. When you’ve finished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1What is the difference between the lives of those who read and those who do not?2Can reading newspapers be categorized as reading? Why or why not?3What is the art of reading according to the author?4What does the author think of “the taste for reading”?5Can people benefit from reading the same books at different ages? Why or why not?▇Answers for reference:1According to the author, those who do not read are just like prisoners confined to their immediate world in respect to time and space. Their life falls into a set of routines and they see only what happens in their immediate neighbourhood with few friends and acquaintances to communicate with. In contrast, those who read have the privilege to escape temporarily from the present world and enter a different country ora different age as soon as they pick up a book. Good books put them in touch with the best minds inhistory and they are always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Books broaden their horizons and their life is never a set of dull routines.2According to the author, reading newspapers does not belong to the category of reading because the average reader of a newspaper is mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value. The best reading does not merely offer a report of events, but is able to leadreaders into a contemplative mood.3According to the author, only reading with the object of enriching one’s charm and flavor can be called an art. The charm here is not related to one’s physical appearance, but one’s inner aura of elegance which can only be acquired through reading. And flavor here refers to the flavor in speech, and its cultivation entirely depends on one’s way of reading.4The author thinks that taste is the key to all reading and is individual and selective. Each person has his own taste in the kinds of books he enjoys reading. Forcing one to read books that he dislikes will achieve no positive results.5Yes. People can benefit from reading the same book at different ages and get different flavors out of it.According to the author, people at different ages should read different kinds of books and good books can be read more than once at different ages.Exercise 2 Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Section B In-depth StudyIn the following text, Lin Yutang, the Chinese writer, translator, linguist and inventor, shares with us his insight into reading as anart. He not only addresses such questions as why to read, what to read, and when to read, but also convinces us of the beauty and benefits of reading as an art.The Art of ReadingLin Yutang1 Reading or the enjoyment of books has always been regarded among the charms of a cultured life and is respected and envied by those who rarely give themselves that privilege. This is easy to understand when we compare the difference between the life of a man who does no reading and that of a man who does.2 The man who has not the habit of reading is imprisoned in his immediate world, in respect to time and space. His life falls into a set routine; he is limited to contact and conversation with a few friends and acquaintances, and he sees only what happens in his immediate neighborhood. From this prison there is no escape. But the moment he takes up a book, he immediately enters a different world, and if it is a good book, he is immediately put in touch with one of the best talkers of the world. This talker leads him on and carries him into a different country or a different age, or unburdens to him some of his personal regrets, or discusses with him some special line or aspect of life that the reader knows nothing about. An ancient author puts him in communion with a dead spirit of long ago, and as he reads along, he begins to imagine what that ancient author looked like and what type of person he was. Both Mencius and Ssema Ch’ien have expressed the same idea. Now to be able to live two hours out of twelv e in a different world and take one’s thoughts off the claims of the immediate present is, of course, a privilege to be envied by people shut up in their bodily prison.3 Such a change of environment is really similar to travel in its psychological effect. But there is more to it than this. The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Even if it is a book about physical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person or living through them, and reading about them in books, for then the events always assume the quality of a spectacle and the reader becomes a detached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events. The tremendous amount of time spent on newspapers I regard as not reading at all, for the average readers of papers are mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value.4 The best formula for the object of reading, in my opinion, was stated by Huang Shanku, a Sung poet. He said, “A scholar who hasn’t read anything for three days feels that his talk has no flavor, and his own face becomes hateful to look at.” What he means, of course, is that reading g ives a man a certain charm and flavor, which is the entire object of reading, and only reading with this object can be called an art. One doesn’t read to “improve one’s mind,” because when one begins to think of improving his mind, all the pleasure of read ing is gone. He is the type of person who says to himself: “I must read Shakespeare, and I must read Sophocles, and I must read the entire Five Foot Shelf of Dr. Eliot, so I can become an educated man.” I’m sure that man will never become educated. He will force himself one evening to read Shakespeare’s Hamlet and come away, as if from a bad dream, with no greater benefit than that he is able to say that he has “read” Hamlet. Anyone who reads a book witha sense of obligation does not understand the art of reading.5 Reading for the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech is then, according to Huang, the only admissible kind of reading. This charm of appearance must evidently be interpreted as something other than physical beauty. W hat Huang means by “hateful to look at” is not physical ugliness. As for flavor of speech, it all depends on one’s way of reading. Whether one has “flavor” or not in his talk, depends on his method of reading. If a reader gets the flavor of books, he will show that flavor in his conversations, and if he has flavor in his conversations, he cannot help also having a flavor in his writing.6 Hence I consider flavor or taste as the key to all reading. It necessarily follows that taste is selective and individual, like the taste for food. The most hygienic way of eating is, after all, eating what one likes, for then one is sure of his digestion. In reading as in eating, what is one man’s meat may be another’s poison. A teacher cannot force his pupils to like what he likes in reading, and a parent cannot expect his children to have the same tastes as himself. And if the reader has no taste for what he reads, all the time is wasted.7 There can be, therefore, no books that one absolutely must read. For our intellectual interests grow like a tree or flow like a river. So long as there is proper sap, the tree will grow anyhow, and so long as there is fresh current from the spring, the water will flow. When water strikes a cliff, it just goes around it; when it finds itself in a pleasant low valley, it stops and meanders there a while; when it finds itself in a deep mountain pond, it is content to stay there; when it finds itself traveling over rapids, it hurries forward. Thus, without any effort or determined aim, it is sure ofreaching the sea some day. There are no books in this world that everybody must read, but only books that a person must read at a certain time in a given place under given circumstances and at a given period of his life. I rather think that reading, like matrimony, is determined by fate or yinyuan.Even if there is a certain book that every one must read, there is a time for it. When one’s thoughts and experience have not reached a certain point for reading a masterpiece, the masterpiece will leave only a bad flavor on his palate. Confucius said, “When one is fifty, one may read the Book of Changes,” which means that one should not read it at forty-five. The extremely mild flavor of Confucius’ own sayings in The Analects and his mature wisdom cannot be appreciated until one becomes mature himself.8 Furthermore, the same reader reading the same book at different periods gets a different flavor out of it. For instance, we enjoy a book more after we have had a personal talk with the author himself, or even after having seen a picture of his face, and one gets again a different flavor sometimes after one has broken off friendship with the author. A person gets a kind of flavor from reading the Book of Changes at forty, and gets another kind of flavor reading it at fifty, after he has seen more changes in life. Therefore, all good books can be read with profit and renewed pleasure a second time.9 Reading, therefore, is an act consisting of two sides, the author and the reader. The net gain comes as much from the reader’s contribution through his own insight and experience as from the author’s own. I regard the discovery of one’s favorite author as the most critical event in one’s intellectual development. There is such a thing as the affinity of spirits, andamong the authors of ancient and modern times, one must try to find an author whose spirit is akin with his own. Only in this way can one get any real good out of reading.▇课文参考译文读书的艺术林语堂1 读书或书籍的享受素来被视为有修养的生活上的一种雅事，而在一些不大有机会享受这种权利的人们看来，这是一种值得尊重和妒忌的事。

教学目的：学习表示信任、怀疑的各种词汇；做听力练习提高学生听写技能；学习课文Mr Boggis’s secret 学习更多的词汇，学习词缀及构词法。

学习伴随状语从句的结构。

教学内容：1分类词汇、听写练习。

2.课文Mr Boggis’s secret。

3. 拓展阅读，语法练习。

教学要求：以学生为中心，让每个学生都参与到分析与练习中来。

教学重点与难点：听写技巧和语法知识。

习题与作业：关于状语从句的练习题。

Unit 3 Time to stop excuses for lanteness教学目的：通过学习文章Time to stop excuses for lanteness掌握更多专业词汇及用法，分析段落主旨，分析句子结构及译文。

掌握重要句式及用法。

教学内容： 1. 练习听力和口语。

2.学习课文Time to stop excuses for lanteness。

3.补充阅读，语法练习（时间状语从句）。

教学要求：要求学生熟练掌握本单元生词，掌握其词性词义及用法。

教学重点与难点：语法知识。

习题与作业：翻译文章的第一部分。

Unit 4 Hummingbird winter教学目的：学习表示动物、动物特点的各种词汇；做听力练习提高学生听写技能；学习课文Hummingbird winter掌握更多的词汇，学习词缀及构词法。

学习倒装结构。

教学内容：1听说练习。

2课文Hummingbird winter。

3.补充阅读The tortoise and the hare4语法知识5 写作教学要求：全面提高学生听说读写技能。

教学重点与难点：复合句的结构及翻译习题与作业：专四作文（Food Safety）。

Unit 5 The power of a good name教学目的：学习表示聪明、态度、品质的各种词汇；做听力练习提高学生听写技能；学习课文学习表示信任、怀疑的各种词汇；做听力练习提高学生听写技能；学习课文Mr Boggis’s secret 掌握更多的词汇。

新标准英语综合教程4unit7课文全文翻译新标准大学英语综合教程4教师用书unit7课文翻译Unit7Translation of the passagesActive reading (1)美好的回忆虽然这个房子已经换了许多户人家了，但直到现在我还记得那些筑墙、盖屋顶的工人。

当时马路对过那座庄园大宅的主人需要建一个小屋给他的园丁住。

他在这片连绵不断的巨大的丘陵果园中找到了一片空地，他派工人到本地的采石场运来金黄色的石头，工人花了三个月时间在园子里建起了这两座农家小屋。

我只从侧面看到过我的旁边的那座房子，我从来没有见过它的正面。

但是我知道，尽管我们在结构和外观上是一摸一样的，我们的朝向正好相反，这真是不可思议。

我的前门朝东，隔壁房子的前门是朝西的。

我的卧室在房子的后部，在隔壁那所房子里，这个位置正好是厨房的上面。

我的厨房在房子的前部，在隔壁的那个房子里，这个位置是在卧室的下方。

我觉得我比它幸运，因为每天早上，我这边的石头会在阳光的照耀下熠熠发光。

园丁精心地照料庄园周围的果园和花园，所以到了秋天，树上总是果实累累，结满了苹果和梨。

当白天越来越短的时候，这四周的土地上是一片忙碌的景象，帮工们采摘水果，把摘下的水果送到庄园去或是沿着那条路运到镇上的市场去卖。

除了秋天，其他时候这里非常安静。

园丁的生活好像很孤独，后来有一天，他带了一个年轻女子回家。

我这个房子里顿时充满了欢声笑语和饭菜的香味。

园丁外出干活的时候，他的妻子会照看我周围的花园，种玫瑰、水仙和郁金香，还有夏季植物和菊花。

从早春的鲜花到深秋的深深的金黄色叶子，花园里真是五彩缤纷。

能照看这样一对夫妇，我感觉很幸福。

没过多久，又有孩子要照看了。

头一个孩子是女孩，她常常高兴得咯咯笑，睡得也很沉。

后来又添了一个男孩，他哭起来嗓门很大，让我们大家都不得安宁。

但是他们都很快乐，也很听话。

他们会静静地在屋里或花园里一起玩耍。

渐渐地，他们长大了，也长高了。

最让我感到愉快的一个记忆是：在一个温暖的夏日，我看到男孩高高地坐在苹果树的枝干上，读着他最喜爱的那本书。

综合英语 4Integrated Skills of English IV课程名称：综合英语4总学时： 102 （讲课学时：102 ）适用专业：英语专业教材：《综合英语教程》（第二版），第四册，高等教育出版社出版，邹为诚主编，2005教学参考书：1. 与之配套的《综合英语教程教师用书》，（第二版），第四册，高等教育出版社出版，邹为诚主编，20052.《新编英语教程》（修订版）第4册，上海外语教育出版社出版，李观仪编著。

20003.《大学英语写作》，（第一版），第四册，南京大学出版社，林奈尔编著， 19974. 各类涉及课文内容的语言、文化、文学作品的中外著作5. 各类涉及专业四级考试的书教学目的和要求：学生通过《综合英语教程》第1、第2、和第3册基础训练，应已具备良好的听、说、和语法及写作能力。

本学期要求学生在此基础上能理解课文内容，问题回答，对句子进行释义，并能较好地翻译课文片段等。

掌握文章结构布局、中心思想、体裁特点，了解文章的写作技巧的运用。

同时加大课外习题训练，就专业四级听、说、读、写的要求进行指导，力争通过国家专业四级统考。

教学内容提要：第一单元Package Design（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1) Grammar points: wh-ever, what-clause(2)Vocabulary: Expressions about the appearance of objects, goods, animals or human beings: grab, seduce, artifice, motivate, connote, evoke, impact, standout, subliminal, garish, rub it in, aspire to, deck out, react to, not so much … as …, have the look of, no wonder, grow into2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: Appearance of objects, animals or human beings(2) Writing: expository writing, giving opinions第二单元Where the Sun Always Rises (6学时)1.基本知识点：(1) Grammar points: Special uses of the simple present & the present progressivetenses(2) Vocabulary: Expressions about countryside & changes in country life; pulsate,gingerly, silhouette, take in, set off, the last (thing), maneuver, before long, makea (supreme) effort, miss doing …, pick one’s way, catch one’s breath, make alanding, (be) streaked with, burst into, intent2.重点及难点：(1) Topic: countryside & changes in country life(2) Writing: Describing (changes in) country life第三单元Animal Magic（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1)Grammar points: Statement +comment clause(2)Vocabulary: Expressions about science & the future of mankind; cohesive devices such as hence/ therefore, however, so that, though...yet...,if so, therefore; uproar, maximum, ironically, eventually, shortage, rejection, activate, originate, resemble, pass on, alter, clinical trial, a solution to, be fatal to, go into, bear...in mind, long-term 2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: Science & the future of mankind(2)Writing: Discussion, making predictions and assessments of developments inscience第四单元The Dream of an Hour (6学时)1.基本知识点：(1)Grammar points: Cleft sentences (statements and questions); it as formal object(2)Vocabulary: elusive, bespeak, veil, composedly, exalt, save, forestall, self-assertion, be afflicted with, abandon, enable, count for, implore, die of, impose on, strive to do2.重点及难点：(1) Topic: dilemmas of life(2) Writing: Writing a story about the little dilemmas in life第五单元The Land Where There Were No Old Men（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1)Grammar points: That-clause as apposition to NP & other related structures(2)Vocabulary:Expressions about social prejudices; thoughtful, councillor, sprout, pardon,shrivel, stack, put up with, on... terms, overcome, straight away, come upon 2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: Fighting prejudices(2) Writing: Social prejudices第六单元Lifting the Veil（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1) Grammar points: V-ed/v-ing as non-finite clauses(2)Vocabulary:Expressions about traveling and tourism; prepositional phrases for phrases for physical relationships; in one's teens, luxuriant, lose sight, delightful, craggy, elegant, rapt intensity, cluttered, shoulders squared/squared shoulders, out of tune, fume, feel disdain for, testify to, (be) caught up in, be fashioned out, marvel at, summon...to,(be) seated, in rhythm with2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: Travel(2) Writing: Describing places第七单元Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1)Grammar points: Constructions with while/as/when...clause(2)Vocabulary:Expressions about employment and careers; unwarranted, justify, untrustworthy, discard, once in a blue moon, take...for granted, give credence to, inferior to, break...habit, disregard...as, of, tolerant of, a matter of2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: Employment and careers第八单元Hummingbird Winter（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1)Grammar points: Inversion for emphasis(2)Vocabulary: Expressions for human-animal relationships; thrill, dazzling, entice, in bloom, feasible, squeaky, chirping, balance, in sheer disbelief, cock, tilt, strengthen the bond, hover, frost-bitten, make one's/the move, couldn't believe one's eyes, capture one's heart, make it, in anticipation of, get the nerve to do2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: Human beings and animals第九单元Chinese Food（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1)Grammar points: Further infinitive structures(2)Vocabulary: Expressions for talking about health issues: elusive, bedecked with, ecstasy, harmony, ubiquitous, inherent, sage, derive, attend to, come about, part and parcel, at the root, conform to, proceed with, with regard to parcel, at the root, conform to, be indifferent to2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: Health issues(2) Writing: Describing one's hobbies/favourite food/sport /entertainment第十单元Hong Kong（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1) Grammar points: Articles(2)Vocabulary:Expressions about; highlight, zeal, thrive, spectacular, prevail, hover, serene, incessantly, a profusion of, at times, a haven for, pulsate with, factory seconds, glitter, mind-boggling, be graced with, zip about2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: City life and modernity(2) Writing: Describing a city or town第十一单元The Power ofa Good Name（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1)Grammar points: Further passive structures(2)Vocabulary: Expressions about personal qualities; evaluation of personal behavior; cynical, abuse, bestow, weathered, disintegrate, vanish, pervasive, nothing better than, give somebody initiative, propel, have a stake in,keep… straight, on credit2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: Lessons from life (School of life, education of the young)(2) Writing: Understanding education: What is the best school?第十二单元The Never-ending Fight（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1) Grammar points: Conditional with special tenses: will / would / should(2) Vocabulary: Expressions for fighting superstitions; plague, fallible, sophisticated, eternal, inscrutable, bribe, predict, deprive, lure into, have a pipeline to, at one’s disposal, search for, by and large, in essence, believe in, threaten somebody with, defence, demand2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: Fighting superstitions(2) Writing: Discussing superstitions第十三单元The Poets and the Housewife（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1) Grammar points: Reporting essential points(2) Vocabulary:Expressions about fantasy vs. realities; dress the part, scarlet, crimson, impair, clot, huddle, saturation, dishevel, charitable, cower, abate, beyond all comparing, ill-informed, poke about, like hell, in the name of, be bathed in, to the utmost / uttermost, beyond measure, sneer at, leave off, (be) (all) of a piece, nothing more than2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: Deceptive appearances / fantasy vs. realities(2) Writing: First impression第十四单元They Will Not Be Forgotten（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1) Grammar points: Further usage of should(2) Vocabulary: Expressions about history; sweep over, be engulfed in, i n one’s face, carveout, strike a chord with / in, in the periphery of, under way, outrage, fare, paralyse, stuff, a trickle of, a great river of, dump, give weight to, reduced to, meticulously, in one’s mind’s eye, supplant, encounter, plight, trigger, conjure2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: History(2) Writing:Discussion of the importance of history第十五单元In a Manner of Speaking（6学时）1.基本知识点:(1) Grammar points: Unfulfilled or suspended intentions, wishes, hopes(2)Vocabulary: Expressions for use in cross-cultural communication; startling, intricacies,misleading, idiosyncratic, appal, offspring, pitfall, telling, muddled, have ...in common, take pleasure I delight in doing something., date back to/from, take to doing, equivalent to, drop by, in consequence, dispense with, go so far as to, liken to, be up to, to stand one's ground2.重点及难点:(1) Topic: Cross-cultural communication(2) Writing: Explaining cultural differences本大纲编写者：姜萍 2006年10月10日审核负责人：熊安沅 2006年10月11日系主任：周幼华 2006年10月16日教学院长：李素娟2006年10月21日。

教学目的：学习表示信任、怀疑的各种词汇；做听力练习提高学生听写技能；学习课文Mr Boggis’s secret 学习更多的词汇，学习词缀及构词法。

学习伴随状语从句的结构。

教学内容：1分类词汇、听写练习。

2.课文Mr Boggis’s secret。

3. 拓展阅读，语法练习。

教学要求：以学生为中心，让每个学生都参与到分析与练习中来。

教学重点与难点：听写技巧和语法知识。

习题与作业：关于状语从句的练习题。

Unit 3 Time to stop excuses for lanteness教学目的：通过学习文章Time to stop excuses for lanteness掌握更多专业词汇及用法，分析段落主旨，分析句子结构及译文。

掌握重要句式及用法。

教学内容： 1. 练习听力和口语。

2.学习课文Time to stop excuses for lanteness。

3.补充阅读，语法练习（时间状语从句）。

教学要求：要求学生熟练掌握本单元生词，掌握其词性词义及用法。

教学重点与难点：语法知识。

习题与作业：翻译文章的第一部分。

Unit 4 Hummingbird winter教学目的：学习表示动物、动物特点的各种词汇；做听力练习提高学生听写技能；学习课文Hummingbird winter掌握更多的词汇，学习词缀及构词法。

学习倒装结构。

教学内容：1听说练习。

2课文Hummingbird winter。

3.补充阅读The tortoise and the hare4语法知识5 写作教学要求：全面提高学生听说读写技能。

教学重点与难点：复合句的结构及翻译习题与作业：专四作文（Food Safety）。

Unit 5 The power of a good name教学目的：学习表示聪明、态度、品质的各种词汇；做听力练习提高学生听写技能；学习课文学习表示信任、怀疑的各种词汇；做听力练习提高学生听写技能；学习课文Mr Boggis’s secret 掌握更多的词汇。

Unit7 Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness P1 Listening and Speaking Activities1 BrainstormingExpressions of disciplinary matters at the workplace:Expressions of types of employment:Expressions of recruiting/firing:Expressions of positions/job titles:2 ListeningListening scriptI'm a policeman in New York City and my name is John Davy. Ever since I was a young boy I’ve always wanted to be a cop .I thought it would be the best job in the world. If I wasn't a cop, I don't think I could be anything else. Of course they tell me I'm a good cop. My superiors say I'm conscientious, that I have strong sense of justice and fairness and a great respect for the law. To be honest with you, my conscience would bother me if I didn't give 100% and if I didn't try to live up to my ideals. My friends tell me I'm too idealistic, too nice and, as the saying goes, nice guys finish last , but my job is to serve the people and I try to do my best.I work with the police department's emergency service patrol in a largely black neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. It's a rough and dangerous neighborhood, very rough. I admit it hasn't been easy. Since being assigned to the neighborhood, I've been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails . Yes, it's not easy being a cop in New York City , but I've been awarded citations for my courage and for my quick thinking and performance in emergency situations.Oh, I could tell you many exciting stories. Once, we set up a net for a potential jumper. A young man was on a ledge 23 stories up from the street. His girlfriend had left him and now he was threatening to jump. We got his girlfriend, his close friend, a priest, his mother to try and talk him out of jumping, but nothing worked. He was going to jump. Then I started to talk to him. I talked as long as I could — until I got too close to him. Then he shouted out, "Stop right where you are or I'll jump." I backed away. An hour later, with a belt tied around me, with a line my partner held, I jumped from the ledge and came up right in front of the young man and trapped him. I felt what they call "job satisfaction". A life has been saved and that's important to me. To me that's success - to do your job and to do it well. No holding back , especially when it means saving a human life.Some people in the neighborhood think cops are the bad guys. They just don't like us. Yeah, we have some bad cops in the department who don't always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force and injure people. But you know, when someone has been hit by a car and you walk into the crowd standing around dumbfounded and you take charge, telling this person to get a blanket, this one to get some water, and you comfort the injured person; that looks good in front of the crowd. They say, "There’re some good cops here." Boy, does that make me feel good. I feel like I'm doing my job . I feel like I'm helping people. Anyway, it's my duty as a cop.Recently, I was again cited for outstanding service and this time was promoted to sergeant. As they say, I'm a good cop, and good guys don't always finish last.1. What makes John a good policeman?John likes his job as a cop. He feels it's "the best job in the world." He is conscientious, has a strong sense of justice and fairness, and respects the law. John exerts himself to the utmost and tries to live up to his ideals.2. Has John’s job as a policeman been easy and safe?No. Being a policeman in New York is difficult and dangerous. Besides, he works in a rough neighborhood. He has been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails. Once he risked his life to save a man from jumping off a ledge 23 stories up from the street.3. Why was John awarded citations?John is given awards for his bravery, his quick thinking and performance in emergencies.4. Why don’t some people like policemen in John’s district?John admits that there are bad cops on the force, cops who don't always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force and injure people.Text Translation别再为迟到找借口哈里·贝地每个办公室总有那么几个人习惯上班迟到。

Unit7 Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness P1 Listening and Speaking Activities1 BrainstormingExpressions of disciplinary matters at the workplace:Expressions of types of employment:Expressions of recruiting/firing:Expressions of positions/job titles:2 ListeningListening scriptI'm a policeman in New York City and my name is John Davy. Ever since I was a young boy I’ve always wanted to be a cop .I thought it would be the best job in the world. If I wasn't a cop, I don't think I could be anything else. Of course they tell me I'm a good cop. My superiors say I'm conscientious, that I have strong sense of justice and fairness and a great respect for the law. To be honest with you, my conscience would bother me if I didn't give 100% and if I didn't try to live up to my ideals. My friends tell me I'm too idealistic, too nice and, as the saying goes, nice guys finish last , but my job is to serve the people and I try to do my best.I work with the police department's emergency service patrol in a largely black neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. It's a rough and dangerous neighborhood, very rough. I admit it hasn't been easy. Since being assigned to the neighborhood, I've been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails . Yes, it's not easy being a cop in New York City , but I've been awarded citations for my courage and for my quick thinking and performance in emergency situations.Oh, I could tell you many exciting stories. Once, we set up a net for a potential jumper. A young man was on a ledge 23 stories up from the street. His girlfriend had left him and now he was threatening to jump. We got his girlfriend, his close friend, a priest, his mother to try and talk him out of jumping, but nothing worked. He was going to jump. Then I started to talk to him. I talked as long as I could — until I got too close to him. Then he shouted out, "Stop right where you are or I'll jump." I backed away. An hour later, with a belt tied around me, with a line my partner held, I jumped from the ledge and came up right in front of the young man and trapped him. I felt what they call "job satisfaction". A life has been saved and that's important to me. To me that's success - to do your job and to do it well. No holding back , especially when it means saving a human life.Some people in the neighborhood think cops are the bad guys. They just don't like us. Yeah, we have some bad cops in the department who don't always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force and injure people. But you know, when someone has been hit by a car and you walk into the crowd standing around dumbfounded and you take charge, telling this person to get a blanket, this one to get some water, and you comfort the injured person; that looks good in front of the crowd. They say, "There’re some good cops here." Boy, does that make me feel good. I feel like I'm doing my job . I feel like I'm helping people. Anyway, it's my duty as a cop.Recently, I was again cited for outstanding service and this time was promoted to sergeant. As they say, I'm a good cop, and good guys don't always finish last.1. What makes John a good policemanJohn likes his job as a cop. He feels it's "the best job in the world." He is conscientious, has a strong sense of justice and fairness, and respects the law. John exerts himself to the utmost and tries to live up to his ideals.2. Has John’s job as a policeman been easy and safeNo. Being a policeman in New York is difficult and dangerous. Besides, he works in a rough neighborhood. He has been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails. Once he risked his life to save a man from jumping off a ledge 23 stories up from the street.3. Why was John awarded citationsJohn is given awards for his bravery, his quick thinking and performance in emergencies.4. Why don’t some people like policemen in John’s districtJohn admits that there are bad cops on the force, cops who don't always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force and injure people.Text Translation别再为迟到找借口哈里·贝地每个办公室总有那么几个人习惯上班迟到。