高级英语第二册1-4-6-10课(张汉熙主编)课后paraphrase原句+译文

Unit1. Pub talk and the king’s English1．And conversation is an activity which is found only among h uman beings．(Animals and birds are not capable of conversati on．)2．Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of vie 3． In fact a person who really enjoys and is ski lled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to acce pt his point of view．4．People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub a re not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engro ssed in each other's lives．5． The conversation could go on without anybody knowing w ho was right or wrong．6. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feedi ng in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we c all their meat beef．7． The new ruling class by using French instead of English ma de it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of th e、rulers．8．The English language received proper recognition and was u sed by the King once more．9. The phrase,the King's English,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes． The working people v ery often make fun of the proper and formal language of the edu cated people．10. There still exists in the working people，as in the early Sax on peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of th e ruling class．11． There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are suppo sed to represent.For example,the word "dog" is a symbol represe nting a kind of animal．We mustn't regard the word "dog" as be ing the animal itself．12. Even the most educated and literate people do not use stand ard，formal English all the time in their conversation．Unit2.Marrakech1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of m ounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of la nd on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the peo ple in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the c hair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pie ce of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. If you take a l ook at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. wou ld not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With ha rd backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor so il． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

lesson 11. We're 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.lesson 21. The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

第二课1.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelictbuilding-lot.The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2.All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sinkback into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightningspeed.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6.every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7.Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8.In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human beings.If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9.No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas(for these trips would not be interesting).10.For nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggleto wring a little food out of an eroded soil. Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people. With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil.11.She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community, that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal.12.People with brown skins are next door to invisible.People with brown skins are almost invisible.13.The splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniformsThe Senegales soldiers were wearing ready—made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well—built bodies.14.How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?15.Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. Every white man, the onlookers, the officers on their horses and the white N. C. Os.marching with the black soldiers, had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind.第三课1.And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings. (Animals and birds are not capable of conversation.)2.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view.3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives.5.It could still go ignorantly on.The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; butwhen we sit down at the table to eat. We call their meat beef.7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their Frenchagainst his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8.English had come royally into its own.The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by thelower classed.The phrase, the King’s English, has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.10.Te rebellion against a cultural dominance is still here.There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11.There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us.”There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal. We mustn’t regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself.12.Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips andslides in conversation.Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard, formal English all the time in their conversation.第四课1.And yet the same revolutionary beliet for which our forebears fought is still at issuearound the globe.Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world. 2.This much we pledge---and more.This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.4.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.5.Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced theinstruments of peace.The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.6.To enlarge the area in which its writ may run.We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.7.Before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity inplanned or accidental self-destruction.Before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place8.Yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand ofmankind’s final war.Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.9.So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign ofweakness.So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.10.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.11.Each generation of American has been summoned to give testimony to its nationalloyalty.Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).12.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of ourdeeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love.Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.第七课1.Boy and man, I had been through it often before.As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region.2.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3.It reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.6.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow,low-pitched roof.These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past allhope or caring.When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg. 8.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.9.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.10.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical. They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.11.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces ofhorror.It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.12.On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libidofor the ugly.People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful. 13.They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.14.They made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossiblepenthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable. 15.Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．。

Unit1. Pub talk and the king’s English1．And conversation is an activity which is found only among h uman beings．(Animals and birds are not capable of conversati on．)2．Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of vie 3． In fact a person who really enjoys and is ski lled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to acce pt his point of view．4．People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub a re not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engro ssed in each other's lives．5． The conversation could go on without anybody knowing w ho was right or wrong．6. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feedi ng in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we c all their meat beef．7． The new ruling class by using French instead of English ma de it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of th e、rulers．8．The English language received proper recognition and was u sed by the King once more．9. The phrase,the King's English,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes． The working people v ery often make fun of the proper and formal language of the edu cated people．10. There still exists in the working people，as in the early Sax on peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of th e ruling class．11． There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are suppo sed to represent.For example,the word "dog" is a symbol represe nting a kind of animal．We mustn't regard the word "dog" as be ing the animal itself．12. Even the most educated and literate people do not use stand ard，formal English all the time in their conversation．Unit2.Marrakech1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of m ounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of la nd on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the peo ple in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the c hair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pie ce of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. If you take a l ook at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. wou ld not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With ha rd backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor so il． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

ParaphraseLesson One1.We’re elevated 23 feet.-Our house has been raised by 23 feet in comparison with the past.2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.-The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3.We can batten down and ride it out.-We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out.-Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!6.The electrical systems had been killed by water.-The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.-As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.Get up through this mess, will You?-Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.-Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and the her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.-Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension cause by the hurricane.Lesson Three11.And it is an activity only for humans.-And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation).12.Conversation is not for making a point.-Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.13.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.-In a fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.14.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.-People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives.15.…it could still go ignorantly on…-The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.16.There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf).-These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef. The words “beef”comes from the French word “boeuf.”17.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building theirFrench against his own language.-The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.18. English had come royally into its own.-The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.19. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by thelower -classes.20. The rebellion against cultural dominance is still there.-There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.21. There is always great danger that “word will harden into things for us.”-There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.22. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips andslides in conversation.-Even the most educated and literate people use non-standard, informal, colloquial English rather than standard, formal English in their conversation.Lesson Four23. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still atissue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.-Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.24. This much we pledge—and more.-This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.25. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided,there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.-Bond together we can accomplish a lot of things in the variety of joint ventures.Divided, we can do nothing because we cannot deal with the strong threat in disagreement and split apart.26. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.-We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.27. Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced theinstruments of peace.-The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where theinstruments of war have far surpassed and exceeded the instruments of peace. 28. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run…-29. …before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanityin planned or accidental self-destruction….-before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place.30. …yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand ofmankind’s final war.-Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind’s final war.31. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign ofweakness,…-So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.32. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.-Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the rightful things it can do. Let both sides try to use science to produce good and beneficial things for man instead of employing it to bring frightful destruction.33. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to itsnational loyalty.-Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country’s cause).34. With a good conscience our only sure reword, with history the final judge of ourdeeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.-With God’s blessing and help, let us start leading the country we love. Knowing that on earth we must do what God want us to do. Let history finally judge whether we have done our task well or not but our sure reward will be a good conscience, for we will have worked sincerely and do the best of our ability. Lesson Seven35. …boy and man, I had been through it often before.-As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had often traveled through the region.36. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.-But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.37. and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that itreduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.-The scene that we met the eye was terribly ugly and the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that it was unbearable. This dreadful scene (in a regionwhich produces through its industry the wealth to make American the richest and grandest nation) makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.38. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.-The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.39. They have taken as their model a brick set on end.-The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright.All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.40. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow,low-pitched roof.-These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.41. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past allhope or caring.-When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color ofa rotten egg.42. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.-Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time.Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.43. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.-I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying. I came to the conclusion that Westmoreland had the most loathsome towns and villages only after visiting and comparing many places not only in the United States but also in other countries and after constantly praying to God for guidance.44. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become masterpieces ofhorror.-They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked. When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 45. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces ofhorror.-It is hard to believe that people people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.46. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libidofor the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.-People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.47. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.-These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of its type of mind.48. …they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossiblepenthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.-They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.49. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.-From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth. Lesson Eight50. However primitive and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact ofproduction, he has risen above the animal kingdom; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces”.-To whatever degree primitive and simple his method of work may be, because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed to a much higher level than all the other animals; so man has been correctly and justifiably defined as the animal that makes and manufactures things.51. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independentbeing.-Work also sets man free from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.52. Whether we think of the beautiful paintings in the caves of Southern France, theornaments on weapons among primitive people, the statues and temples of Greece, the cathedrals of the Middle Ages, the chairs and tables made by skilled craftsmen, or the cultivation of flowers, trees or corn by peasants--all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.-Every kind of work (utilitarian and artistic), no matter when it was done or who did it, provides an example of man applying his intelligence and his skill to change nature creatively.53. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.-The worker finds pleasure in his work and through work he also develops his mind. Therefore, pleasure and work go together and so does the cultural development of the worker and his work.54. Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly asceticism,” an answerto man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.-Work became, according to Weber, the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that soothed those who felt alone and isolated because of this ascetic life.55. Work has become alienated from the working person.-Work has been separated from the worker and the worker is not interested in it at all. Instead, he feels estranged from it or hostile to it.56. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.-Work helps the worker to earn some money; except this it is not an activity with much significance.57. because a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.-because just earning some money is not enough for a worker to establish hisself-respect.58. …most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of theworker’s psyche.-Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the worker’s mind.59. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management,…-Better relations with the public will yield large profits to management.60. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to completepassivity and receptivity.-The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a mere “high-minded” cover for the real, vulgar appeal to idleness and submissiveness.61. …he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.-The businessman gets the knowledge that the quality of his product doesn’t match what it should be. Conscious of the deception involved, he despises the goods he produces.Lesson Ten62. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young.-At the very mention of the Twenties, middle-aged people begin to recall it longingly and young people become curious and begin to ask questions about it. 63. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.-Anyway, it was inevitable for American to discard Victorian gentility which upheld the middle-class respectability and affected refinement characteristic of Victorian England.64. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian socialstructure,…-The war only helped to speed up the collapse of the Victorian social structure. 65. But at the same time it was tempted, in American at least, to escape itsresponsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of Bohemian immorality.-But at the same time, in America at least, the young people are strongly disposed to escape their responsibilities. They pretend to be worldly-wise and disregard conventional standards of behavior, drinking and breaking the traditional morality naughtily.66. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making theirpleasures illicit,…-The young people found more pleasure in drinking because Prohibition made it a kind of adventure.67. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.-Our young men joined the foreign armies to fight in the war.68. …they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.-they wanted to take part in the adventure of war before it ended.69. …they had outgrown towns and families…-they could not adapt themselves to life in their hometowns and families anymore.70. … the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism ofVersailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition, and the smug patriotism of the war profiteers.-the returning veterans also had to face the stupid cynicism shown by the victorious allies in Versailles who acted just like Napoleon once did. They had to face Prohibition through which the lawmakers hypocritically expected to do good to the people. And they also had to face the self-content patriotic air of the war profiteers.71. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…-Under this pressure something in the young people, who were already very tense, had to break down.72. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pensinflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…-After the war, it was only natural the promising young writers whose thoughts and writings extremely opposed war, Babbittry and “Puritanical” gentility, should come in great numbers to live in the Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.73. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…-Each town was proud that it had a group of wild unconventional people.。

WordsLesson One Face to Face with Hurricane Camile词汇:lash (v.): move quickly or violently猛烈冲击;拍打pummel (n.): beat or hit with repeated blows,esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打course (n.): a way of behaving;mode 0f conduct行为;品行;做法demolish (v.): pull down．tear down,or smash to pieces (a building,etc．),destroy:ruin拉倒;打碎;拆毁;破坏;毁灭motel (n.):a hotel intended primarily for those traveling by car, usually with direct access from each room to an area for cars汽车游客旅馆gruff (adj.): rough or surly in manner or speech;harsh and throaty;hoarse粗暴的,粗鲁的;粗哑的。

嘶哑的batten (n.): fasten with battens用压条钉住(或固定)mattress (n.): a casing of strong cloth or other fabric filled with cotton,hair,foam rubber,etc．床垫;褥子pane (n.):a single division of a window,etc.,consisting of a sheet of glass in a frame;such a sheet of glass窗格;窗玻璃disintegrate (v.): separate into parts or fragments; break up;disunite 分裂,分解,裂成碎块douse (n.): plunge or thrust suddenly into liquid;drench; pour liquid over把…浸入液体里;使浸透;brigade (n.): a group of people organized to function. unit in some work(组织起来执行某种任务的)队ferocity (n.): wild force or cruelty;ferociousness凶猛;凶恶,残忍;暴行swipe (n.):a hard,sweeping blow[口]猛击,重击maroon (av.): leave abandoned,isolated,or helpless使处于孤立无援的处境devastate (nv.): destroy;lay waste;make desolate毁坏,摧毁;使荒芜swath (n.): the space or width covered with one cut of a scythe or other mowing device刈幅(挥动镰刀所及面积)huddle (v.): crowd,push,or nestle close together。

lesson 21.The burying –ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth,like a derelict building-lot.The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2.All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4.A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5.Instantly,from the dark holes all round,there was a frenzied rush of Jews.Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6.…every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7.Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8.In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human beings.If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9.No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)．10.…for nine-tenths f the people the reality of life is an endless,back-breakiing struggle to wringa little food out of an eroded sold.life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11.She accepted her status as an old woman,that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

Lesson 11. We're elevated 23 feet.We're 23 feet above sea level.2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever both ered it.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can batten down and ride it out.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody out the back door to the cars!Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems had been killed by water.The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole famil y by deciding not to flee inland.8. Get us through this mess, will you?Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis had just one delayed reaction.Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Lesson 41.And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears foughtis still at issue around the globe.Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.2.This much we pledge---and more.This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.4.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostilepowers.We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.5.Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have faroutpaced the instruments of peace.The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.6.To enlarge the area in which its writ may run.We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.7.Before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf allhumanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.Before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place8.Yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays thehand of mankind’s final war.Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.9.So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not asign of weakness.So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.10.L et both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of itsterrors.Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.11.E ach generation of American has been summoned to give testimony toits national loyalty.Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).12.W ith a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the finaljudge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love.Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.Lesson 51. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathi ng thing, full of beauty, passion and trauma:Logic is not at all a dry, learned branch of learning. It is like a living hum an being, full of beauty, passion and painful emotional shocks.2. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox:He is of the same age and has the same background but he is dumb as an ox.3. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.:Fads (a passing fashion or craze), in my opinion, show a complete lack of reason.4. To be swept up in every craze that comes along, to surrender yours elf to idiocy just because everyone else is doing it – this, to me, is the a cme of mindlessness.It is the greatest of lack of intelligence for me to follow enthusiastically e very current fashion that appears, or to indulge myself to stupid action jus t because everyone else is doing it.5. ―All the Big Men on Campus are wearing there. Where’ve you be en?‖: All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. Ho w come you don’t know?6. ―Don’t you want to be in the swim?‖:don’t you want to follow the current fashions?/Don’t you want to be doing what everyone else is doing?7. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain began to work at high speed or efficiency. /My brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at high speed.8. I wanted Polly for a shrewdly calculated, entirely cerebral reason.I wanted Polly for a cleverly thought out and an entirely intellectual reaso n.9. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time wou ld supply the lack.She was not yet as beautiful as a pin-up girl but I felt sure she would beco me beautiful enough after some time.10. She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that c learly indicated the best of breading.She walked with her head and body erect and moved in a natural and dign ified manner—all this showed she was well trained in manners and social behavior.11. In fact she veered in the opposite direction.In fact, she went in the opposite direction./She was not intelligent, that she was rather stupid.12. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be o pen.If you’re no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) others would be free to compete for her friendship.13. He was a torn man.He was agitated and tormented, not knowing what was the right thing to do.14. I was getting nowhere with this girl, absolutely nowhere.: I was making no progress withthis girl.15. The girl simply had a logic-proof head.Polly had a head that was resistant to (could not be affected by) logic 16. Admittedly it was not a prospect fraught with hope…:One must admit the outcome does not look very wonderful.17. Suddenly, a glimmer of intelligence—the first I had seen—came i nto her eyes.:From her eyes that for the first time she was beginning to understand the problem.18. Over and over again I cited instances…without let-up.Over and over again I gave examples and pointed out the mistakes in her t hinking. I kept emphasizing all this without stopping.19. I reeled back, overcome with the infamy of it.I staggered back overcome by the great wickedness of Petey’s traitorous a ct.20. I shrieked, kicking up great chunks of turf.The narrator has now thoroughly lost control of himself and his temper. He now screamed and kicked up big pieces of grassy earth in his anger. Lesson 71.Boy and man, I had been through it often before.As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- tentravelled through the region.2.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3.It reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressingjoke.This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endlessmills.The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5.They have taken as their model a brick set on end.The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.6.This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with anarrow, low-pitched roof.These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egglong past all hope or caring.When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.8.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.9.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessantprayer.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.10.T hey show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almostdiabolical.They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.11.I t is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved suchmasterpieces of horror.It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.12.O n certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be apositive libido for the ugly.People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.13.T hey meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligibledemands.These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind. 14.T hey made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completelyimpossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.15.O ut of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hatestruth.From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．lesson 101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged…At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2. The rejection of Victorian gentility was,in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class r espectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure….The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social s tructure.4. …it was tempted,in America at least,to escape its responsibilities a nd retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication..In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk thei r responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behavi ng naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,...The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohi bition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6….our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the wa r.7.theywanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly u p‖The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before t he whole war ended.8. …they had outgrown towns and families….These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9. …the returning veteran also had to face…the hypocritical do-goo dism of Prohibition,…The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to ―give‖(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, w ho were already very tense, had to break down.11….it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and ―Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center…It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writin gs extremely opposed war, Babbittry and "Puritanical" gentility, should c ome in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.12 Each town had its ―fast‖set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.Lesson 111. The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each o ther but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other .2. What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.3. There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are t here many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governi ng board of a factory).4. The contemporary world demands that everyth ing be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5. At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak perf ormance.6. Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just fo r changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.7. To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems t o Englishness a public stupidity~8. I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9. Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and et hical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservo ir of principles cannot supply.10. These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11. They can be found too though there are not many of them now becau se these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, ext remely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big co mmercial enterprises.12. They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.13. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This ki nd of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.14. These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far a way where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some sm all matter.15. If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now s uddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.Lesson 131. The writers of these letters said they were sad at the stand I had taken and they were full of blame and censure. They said I should either admit being ignorant or accept the fact that I was a stubborn and feelingless pers on.2. I am indeed aware that the movement for abolition is widespread and those Who are for abolition express their views very strongly and clearly.3. I begin my argument by first conceding that my conclusion is not final and there is still room for discussion.4. He would feel glad because it g ives pleasure to see a case that gives no opening for attack.5. At the very beginning of our discussion we find here the abolitionists j umping to an improper conclusion as they generally do.6. The sentencin g of uncontrollable brutes to death need not be influenced by anger, vindi ctiveness or moral conceit.7. A presumptive reason, might be extended to cover other acts that destr oy the moral basis of civilization.8. The abolitionists in their propaganda speak of human life as something sacred and inviolable in low solemn tones.9. They will bless our military forces and pray for our victory when called upon to do so, despite the fact that the sixth commandment of the churc h forbids killing. 10. If the sanctity of life is something absolute then we must let the murderer do whatever he wants to you.11. The absolute sanctity of human life is a slogan and not a well thought out proposal of the abolitionists.12. In examining the problems of poverty, mental disorder, dilinquency o r crime, an increasing number of generous and learned people are now sol ely interested in the diseased, the perverted, the mentally abnormal person s.13. ()f course we are sorry for the victims, but science, which is developi ng and progressing, is not interested in the dull ordinary people who are t he victims.14. We cannot know what the long term consequences of some crimes are likely to be.15. There is no doubt a killer who weighs 150 pounds and who cannot co ntrol his brutal strength has an undeveloped mind like that of a nine-year-old child.Lesson 141. Nowadays New Y ork is out of phase with American taste…1.Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the Ame rican people.2.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends…2. New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles , fashion)of America.3….sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live,preempt the airwaves from California.3. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performanceof Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California.4… it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attractions.4. New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists5.To win in New York is to be uneasy…5. A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anx iety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competit ion).6.Nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New Y ork.6. The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7….the city’s pleasures are much qualified in New York.7.At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly a nd haughtily to darken the night sky.8.But the purity of a bohemian dedication can be exaggerated.8. But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9.In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.9. In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, Ne w York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10.the television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype 10. The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertising.11…those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazine.11. Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12.broadway,which seemed to be succumbing to tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.12. Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.13… he prefers the unhealthy hassle and the vitality of urban life. 13.(If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.14.the defeated are not hidden away somewhere esls on the wrong side of town.14. Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hi dden away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't see them. 15.the place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates.15. New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it al so invigorates and stimulates.。

[精华版]张汉熙高级英语课文详解第2册1-5课Lesson OnePart One: paragraph 1 --- paragraph 6sh: v. to move quickly or violently 猛烈冲击、猛打(1) 暴风雨袭击了海岸的那片树林。

Rainstorm lashed the forest on the coast.(2) 冰雹无情地打下来。

Hail lashed down mercilessly.(3) The waves are lashing the shore.(4) A rising wind was lashing the rain against the window.2.pummel/ pommel: n.v. to beat or hit with repeated blows, esp. with the fist 用拳头连续敲打(1) The thief was pushed and pummeled by an angry crowd.(2) 他诱骗那人到角落狠狠揍了他30秒钟。

He trapped the man in a corner and pummeled him ferociously for thirty seconds.3. Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama4. California, Las Vegas5. consult: go to a person or book for informationconsult sb.: ask sb. for special information, adviceconsult with sb.: to exchange opinions of sb.6. Hurricane Betsy:a powerful Hurricane of the 1965 Atlantic Hurricane season which caused enormous damage inthe Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana.7. A good: at least, full(1) 我们足足等了三个小时. We waited for a good three hours.(2) 昨晚Bill在酒馆里喝得烂醉. Bill had a good drink at the pub last night.(3) It is a good five hours to drive to the railway station.(4) His parents gave him a good beating.8. We can batten down and ride it out.A metaphor: compare the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at seaWe can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.9. Batten: to fasten with battens 用压条钉住(或固定)10. Ride it out: to stay afloat during a storm without much damage.11. Scud: (of clouds or ships) to move swiftly, glide or skim along easily 疾行、飞驰、掠过(1) The ship scuds before the wind.(2) White clouds scudded across the sky.12. Vietnam(1) A country of southeast Asia (2) Capital: Hanoi (3) The largest city: Ho Chi Minh City (4)Population: 84,400,000 (5) the Red River (6) the Mekong River Delta 13. Sit out:(1) It’s hot indoors. Let’s sit out in the garden.sit sth. out: a. to stay to the end of a performanceb. take no part in (esp. a particular dance) (2) The play was boring, but we sat it out.(3) I think I will sit out the next dance.Part Two: paragraph 7 --- paragraph 271. French door: two adjoining doors that have glass panes from topto bottom and they open inthe middleto throw away; (fig.) to do sth. with a lot of enthusiasm and energy.2. Fling: to throw violently ;(1) She flung her shoe at the cat.(2) The youth got him by the front of his shirt and flung him to the ground. (3) How can you fling your wife away?(4) He has flung up studies.(5) She flung herself into her career.3. shove: push with quick, violent movement. 猛推(1)人们推推搡搡挤向火车。

ParaphraseLesson One1.We’re elevated 23 feet.-Our house has been raised by 23 feet in comparison with the past.2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.-The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3.We can batten down and ride it out.-We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out.-Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!6.The electrical systems had been killed by water.-The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.-As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.Get up through this mess, will You?-Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.-Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and the her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.-Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension cause by the hurricane.Lesson Three11.And it is an activity only for humans.-And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation).12.Conversation is not for making a point.-Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish theforce of an idea or argument.13.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.-In a fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled atconversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his pointof view.14.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.-People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives.15.…it could still go ignorantly on…-The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.16.There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf).1 / 7-These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef. The words “beef”comes from the French word “boeuf.”17.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building theirFrench against his own language.-The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.18. English had come royally into its own.-The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.19. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by thelower -classes.20. The rebellion against cultural dominance is still there.-There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.21. There is always great danger that “word will harden intothings for us.”-There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.22. E ven with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips andslides in conversation.-Even the most educated and literate people use non-standard, informal, colloquial English rather than standard, formal English in their conversation.Lesson Four23. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still atissue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.-Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.24. This much we pledge—and more.-This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.25. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided,there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.-Bond together we can accomplish a lot of things in the variety of joint ventures.Divided, we can do nothing because we cannot deal with the strong threat in disagreement and split apart.26. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.-We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.27. Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced theinstruments of peace.-The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where theinstruments of war have far surpassed and exceeded the instruments of peace. 28. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run…-29. …before the dark pow ers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanityin planned or accidental self-destruction….-before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place.30. …yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terrorthat stays the hand ofmankind’s fi nal war.-Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind’s final war.31. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign ofweakness,…-So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.32. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.-Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the rightful things it can do. Let both sides try to use science to produce good and beneficial things for man instead of employing it to bring frightful destruction.33. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to itsnational loyalty.-Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country’s cause).34. With a good conscience our only sure reword, with history the final judge of ourdeeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.-With God’s blessing a nd help, let us start leading the country we love. Knowing that on earth we must do what God want us to do. Let history finally judge whether we have done our task well or not but our sure reward will be a good conscience, for we will have worked sincerely and do the best of our ability. Lesson Seven35. …boy and man, I had been through it often before.-As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had often traveled through the region.36. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.-But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.37. and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that itreduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.-The scene that we met the eye was terribly ugly and the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that it was unbearable. This dreadful scene (in a regionwhich produces through its industry the wealth to make American the richest and grandest nation) makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.38. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.-The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.39. They have taken as their model a brick set on end.-The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright.All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.40. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, witha narrow,low-pitched roof.-These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.41. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past allhope or caring.-When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills ittakes on the color ofa rotten egg.42. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.-Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time.Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.43. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.-I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.I came to the conclusion that Westmoreland had the most loathsome towns and villages only after visiting and comparing many places not only in the United States but also in other countries and after constantly praying to God for guidance.44. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become masterpieces ofhorror.-They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked. When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 45. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces ofhorror.-It is hard to believe that people people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.46. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libidofor the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.-People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.47. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.-These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of its type of mind.48. …they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossiblepenthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.-They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.49. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.-From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth. Lesson Eight50. However primitive and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact ofproduction, he has risen above the animal kingdom; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces”.-To whatever degree primitive and simple his method of work may be, because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed to a much higher level than all the other animals; so man has been correctly and justifiably defined as the animal that makes and manufactures things.51. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independentbeing.-Work also sets man free from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.52. Whether we think of the beautiful paintings in the caves of Southern France, theornaments on weapons among primitive people, the statues and temples of Greece, the cathedrals of the Middle Ages, the chairs and tables made by skilled craftsmen, or the cultivation of flowers, trees or corn by peasants--all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.-Every kind of work (utilitarian and artistic), no matter when it was done or who did it, provides an example of man applying his intelligence and his skill to change nature creatively.53. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.-The worker finds pleasure in his work and through work he also develops his mind. Therefore, pleasure and work go together and so does the cultural development of the worker and his work.54. Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly asceticism,” an answerto man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.-Work became, according to Weber, the chief element in a systemthat preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that soothed those who felt alone and isolated because of this ascetic life.55. Work has become alienated from the working person.-Work has been separated from the worker and the worker is not interested in it at all. Instead, he feels estranged from it or hostile to it.56. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.-Work helps the worker to earn some money; except this it is not an activity with much significance.57. because a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.-because just earning some money is not enough for a worker to establish his。