Lesson 1Section one News item1 A. b, c, dB. 1c, 2d, 3b, 4aNews item 2A. bB. running behindNews item 3A. d,B. 1.president, had died in a plane crash2. Ruling, 1303. Foreign Minster, 474. Portugal, 19755. Prime Minister, 9, transitional Section two A. FTFFFB. C, C, B, A, D, B, C, BC. 52, hospital director, married,good,US Air Force Hospital,Wiesbaden,W.Germa ny,thismoring,undertermined,U.S.A D. 1.precisely,freedom2.take up,reporters,six-mile jog3.evaluation,had coped extremely well4.evidence, tortured,physically abused Section three Chinese thoughtt mao tsetong as a very good p oet,according to the speaker.2.poetry was considered abysmal because of the restriction of publication during the ten year s of the cultural revolution.3.leaders in china,as well as in the east,are e xpected to be accomplished poets.4.it is about getting rid of a disease that was a plague i n china.5.willis barnstone is a professor of comparative literature at Indiana university in Bloomington.6.mao’s poetry was interesting because he was a revol utionary and his personal poetry was the history of china. B.FToriginal master,most important poets 2.the revol ution,the red army,nature3.dismiss his poetry as simply the work of a m an who achieved fame elsewhere.Lesson two Section one News item 1A.four other americans were jailed,five daysformer united states national security advisor.2.they were disguised as aircraft crewmen.3.a b ible signed by president reagan and a cake4.they were designed for improving the relationsbetween the two countries. News item 2A.hostage david jacobsen was freed,negotiations,theunited states,iran2.the next twenty-four hours,returning to,negotiate the release of more hostagesNews item 3reunited with his family municate with people B.needs,to communicateNeedn't,have follow up medical care News item 4A.which party will control the senateB.Membes,one hundredth,senators,us house of represe ntativesSection twoby president reagan,a key-shaped,the symbol,the hope of reopening,relations,a hotel,deported,not tomeet them,receive their message2.former security advisor,political commentator,npr' s morning editionfriends,the hostage takers,israel frees lebanese prisoners,end their hostility,security,a tape of telephone conversation,the american president,his envoys,a sign of washington's helplessness2.seventh,the seizure of the us embassyC.confirm,deny,jeopardize,to release the hostagesSection threeleadership2.stonegate community near charleston ,west virgin ia.3.Because they had beaten their son to deat h4.Because she had been found guilty of conspirac y in the death of the child B.stewart, leslie ,joeyJohn,dorothy, , danny C.badca circumstances of the death of the child would be covered up 2.the death would be called an accident young,farming,construction work,rana restaurant,intention,less,commune,more,community,s eparate houses2.mclellan's teaching,influence,testified,four-hour,do rothy mclellan's grandson,two weeks before3.Taking in,were having trouble,drugsLesson threeNews item 1is pulling out of south Africa. 2.its south African holdings3.the political and economic situation in sou th Africa.4.they praised this decision.5.1,500b.spokesman,today,corporate involvement,progressive f orce,apartheid,reduce us private sectorc.have har mful effects on black workers injure the sou th African economylimit the extent of us influence in south A fricanews item twoa. demonstration ,south African;offices&us embassy ,harate,Zimbabwe,blackb. 1.a thousand2.more than fiftysouth African complicity in the plane crash th at killed Mozambique president machel in south A fricanb.blaming Malawi for supporting the Pretoria –backed insurgents that are attacking Mozambique 4 .calm5.prime minister Mugabe6.londonNews item threea. west german chancellorabout one hourat the white house todayhis support for the president’s sdi programb. president Reagan met for about an hour today with west german chancellor helmut kohlat the white house who expressed support for th e president’s sdi program.Section twoa. bcdabcbabsection threea.a group of business leadersbostonalmost 20 yearsto expand a college scholarship program for any eligible boston high school grad uates to supply a permanent 500 d ollar endowment fundto hire any of the students who go on to complete their college education b.20 years agowork internships and later an endowment program more than 1 million dollarsa multi-million-dollar scholarship programto enable the city’s poorest kids to go on to college and to job s afterward acess,action center for education ser vices and scholarships no.only those eligible graduates around 500 dollars 100 studentsmechanics’2.in wentworth institute of technology in bos ton3.next year4.the grant from the acessprogramThe state scholarshipWhat he earned from his work over the summerHis family contribution 5.57 hundredd.1.the lowest,business leaders,finding qualified j ob applicants 2.just good public relations,sel f-preservation involved3.enter managerial and technical-professional l evel jobs,but a plus4.finishes college,hiring priority,the participating business the five-mi llion-dollar fund 2.two billion 3.324.it will become a national model.Lesson four News item 1a. kidnapping,west Beirut,this morningfrank reed,American ,53,school director b.1.4 amer ican 2.3 frenchmenby four gunmen,claimed responsibility ,accusing,a spy, maldenMassachusetts,Lebanon,8 years news item 2a. jury,indicted,un employee,spyingb. bdcbdc. f ftnews item 3editor of a news maganize 2.he was found shot dead 3.anlisis4.it has been banned5.someone attempted to assassinate president a ugusto Pinochet b.41253new state of siege2.police,deny they arrested carrascoSection two a.1,a rally2.2 days ago3.the government had a crackdown on its oppo nents4.they gathered before the presidential palace5.he was kidnapped by police b.cacddmore murdered victims 2.identities,established3.arrests,second by4.rounded up ,number of detetion5.arrest orders ,hiding d.tfftttsection threeford and his son edsel ford 2.50 years ag o 3.ford foundation 4.a modest amount5.more than six billion dollars b.fftffis about four and a half billion dollars2.19363.25 thousand dollars4.its initial aim was to help local charities in Michigan 5.the son died before the fat her6.a great deal of the stock of the ford motor company was left after the death of the two men and,for tax reasons,a large part of it had to be disposed of quickly d.badcaclesson fivesection 1 news item 1 a. cadcb. 1.penalities,violators,drug enforcement,coast gua rd personnel,establish eradicationprograms,condition,support for development loans News item 2 a. bb. 1.american2.Correspondent news and world report4.detained in a Mosc ow jail week tvia,ussr3.the united states and the soviet union4.t wo hundred and seventyd.the decision,personal,the Reagan administration,re taliation,detentionnews item 3a. egypt and Israelresolving the taba border dispute clearing the w ay for a summit tomorrow AlexandriaEgyptian president hosni Mubarak Israeli prime mi nister shimon peresSection 2 a. abb. an all-out war,public and private,national andlocal,this menace,drainingour economy,twohundred and thirty billion,rotting awy,seducing,tak e money,artillery c. dbd. 1.of endurance2.and selling drugs for a profit e.drug related crimesjail term,drug trafficking and manufacturingdrug enforcement administration and prison con struction coast guard,customs service,drugs com ing into this country drug educationwas nominated for the senate2.she spoke to the part of the bill which fu nds drug eradication programs in foreign countrie s3.she compared it to the places where cocai ne is grown,refined or manufactured4.it should attack the places where cocaine is grown ,refined or manufactured.g.it was a situation under which a country canconduct legal trade with us on the one hand and illegally sell drugs to us under the table ,poisoning our young people and our populationh.bcdeasection 3 a. cdb. 1.24,36,mixed heights,the first2.chinese history,economies,trade,politics,Chinese fa culty3.the us,American professors4.proficient in English,master’s degrees,fluency in Chinesec.tftorganizers hope that American students in the center will not only have the experience of liv ing in china,having studied with Chinese faculty and hearing the Chinese view of Chinese policy for one year,but also make friends with Chines e studentsroughly their own age who are going t o be dealing with the united states in the fut ure.2.the simple exchange program is to ask Chinese students to come to the united states and atthe same time to send American students to ch ina3.the simple exchange program would involve few er headaches4.the joint venture is unpredictable because itdepends on various unpredictable things ,such a s continuing sweet sino-american relations and be ing able to attract funding5.it is easy to denounce the center as an es pionage organization simply because some of the participants in the center will afterwards enter the intelligence community.Lesson six Section 1 News Item 1 a . acbb. 1.civil rights,mrs.caretta scott king,senate fa mily gallery,sanction and the efficacy of sactions,the choice between affirming the bill,con gress,supporting the president News item 2 a. bd c news item 3 a. cabb. planted misleading stories,the American news m edia,a plan to topplec. 1.this summer2.it revealed that stories were leaked alleging quddafi was resuming his support for terrorist a ctivies.3.poindexter denied the administration had involved the media in an anti-quddafi campaign 4.speaksdid not deny the possibility that a disinforma tion campaign was conducted in other countries.Section twoquestion in Washington today is if the federal government tried to scare libya’s quddafi by way of a disinformation campaign i n the American media 2.in august this year3.the government tried to do it by providing the American media with misleading stories.B.washington post,disinformation program,the white house ,quddafi ,about to attack again ,ousted in a coup c.cdoutthe Mediterranean,a cover for more attack,Libya,in the past2.august 14th,john poindexter,a strategy of realand illusory events,a disinformation program3quaddfi was stepping up his terrorist plans,qudd afi was temporaily quiescent,internal infighting,to oust quddafi,he was firmly in power,to oust hi m were not working,the pentagon was planning new s attacks,nothing was being done 4.a national se curity planning group meeting 5.president Reagan and his top aidessection threea. 1.the links between television coverage of su icide and subsequent teenage suicide rates,a team from the university of California,a team fr om Columbia university 2.television news coverage of suicides 3.made-for-tv movies about suicide teen,2 adult5.mde-for-tv movies about suicide,imitative behavio r6.holidays,personal birthday,the start of school,the beginning of winter7.call suicide hot lines,seek counseling,discuss t heir depression with family members b. Fttf c.1.5,5002.55,0003.275,000Lesson seven Section 1 News ite m 1 a. ab b. tfc. 1.five hours, closed-door,2. a system ,fine ,employers ,illegal immigrantsNews item 2 a. DbNews item 3 a. 1.today2.nobel peace prize3.elie wiesel4.585.256.his experience in a nazi death camp and the holocaust7.manhattan,new York city8.rumania b.darights activits,302.the survivors,holocaust,their children3.f rance,the united states4.credited,nazi extermination,the jews Section 2a. bdaab. 1.anti-discrimination,employers,do refuse to,any Hispanics,a citizen,an alien2.impractical as well as inhumane,congressc. 1.they oppose the legalization provision becau se they believe millions if people could eventually become citizens and bring their relatives to this country.and all those people could bankrup t the country’s social services. 2.it is the farm worker program3.agricultural interest wanted to be able t o bring workers into this country to harvest cr ops without being subjected to employer sanctions4.finally a compromise was reached which pe rmitted up to three hundred and fifty thousand farm workers to enter this country and promised to protect their rights and to allow them to apply for legalization if they met certain con ditions5.the combination of horror stories about p eople coming over the borders and editorials abo ut congressional inability to act.6.they say so because and the conference r eport must still pass both houses of congress,an d a senate filibuster is always a possibility. Section 3 a. Adb. According to tom baudet,we often exaggerate alittle to a camera.for instance, we put on ou rhaving-a-wonder-ful-time smile when we take pictur es during our vacation although we have been co mplaining about the trip,or we put an arm aroun d the person next to us when we take picturestogether as if we have been standing that way all day c. 1.after a long and dangerous discu ssionAs your hold the phone and hear your got that promotionAfter learning that those suspicious lumps were benign and something to watch but not worry abo utd. Photographer,at a party with loneliness,you didn’t think,bitterness tugging at your lips,to be overheard,slip up like this,get caught with our guards down,our best sides,that face forward,havin g pictures of the other sides,look just like pe ople.Lesson eight Section 1 News item 1 A. cdB. ffnews item 2a. 1.stepping up drug enforcement,mandatory drug testing2.nine hundred billion,half a billion,56 million3.have access to classified information,by the pr esident,law enforcement,affect public health nd sa fety or national security b. tffnews item 3 a. Bacb. they refuse the soviet involvement in middle east peace talks because the soviet union hasno diplomatic ties with Israel,and the soviet un ion does not permit free emigration of soviet j ews.Section 2 a. ff b. cdbac. 1.two years ago,prime minister,foreign minister ,shimon peres,Yitzhak Shamir,2.pere’s recent achievements3.the major topic for disc ussiond. 1.president Reagan mentioned the longing forpeace by the Israeli and arab peoples and the constructive actions taken by the leaders in t he region2.shimon peres3.his vision,his tenacity,his statesmanship4.president Reagan assured pers that the plight of soviet jewry will remain an important topic in all the talks between the united states and the soviet union.5.american economic aid to Israel ,international terrorism,soviet jewry Secton 3a.1.a small pamphlet of collected poems 2.poe ms written by students of medicine 3.american ’s great poet-physician was from new jersey2.he used to write drafts of his poem on h is prescription pads3.he died in 1963 northestern ohio univerity’s college of medicine 2.fifth3.all medicial students,this country4.only one percent,a few hubdred5.lovers and friends,sorrowful kinds of situations,their experience in medical school,their rela tionship with their patients ’t have to be a doctor 2.could only be writ ten by doctor.e.college of medicine,there ‘s no evidence,produc es better medicine,helps the students understand,t heir patients better,William carlos Williams poetr y competition.Lesson nineSection 1 News item 1assassination attempt,Indian prime minister rajiv Gandhi2.fired several shots atwere participating in an open-air prayer meetin g2.they have been suspended and an investigati on is under way. c.ffnews item 2is now the director of the Johnson space cent er. 2.he was in charge of the shuttle program then.3.he announced today that he will be leavinghis new post as the director of the Johnson sp ace center and will take a year’s leave.4.he will be reassigned to nasa headquarters i n Washington d.c5.the failure of shuttle rock et’s o-rings caused the expkosion.told moore in detail tha there were serious p roblems with the shuttle rocket’s o-rings 2.he did not know the o-ring prob lems were serious until after the challenger exp loded.c.congressional aide,nasa veteran’s been depressed,blew up,the edge he used to,hol low,a lot of guys at nasa,the shuttlesection twoa. 1.survived ,new delhi2.attending a hindu prayer service,his wife,Indian president zail singh3.sources,a major security lapse4.witness,security guards,he had heard gun shots,d ismissed,motorcycle backfire5.half an hour later, surrounded,capturedb. 1.directly responsible,security arrangements,suspended from duty2.top-level,determine,security,of the most close ly protected,collapsed,an illegally manufactured re volver,the security cordon undetected,a few feetC. abb2.a concrete shelter,thick green vines e.ttf section threecosts of growing food,lower selling prices of food2.farm hands,strugging farms,linking city dwell ers,farmers,benefit both b.ttftreporter thought that gibson’s orientation talk was too lengthy 2.gibson described the area as part of the new York mil k shed3.one of the big incentives,Gibson believed,wa s the founding of the borden plant d.cdacbc2.she is 28-year-old new York city painter a nd now is currently working on gibson’s farm as a long-termfarm-hand3.gibson is quoted as saying,”she works like a demon”,and “she is a germ”4.27-year-old wendy dubidf.the labor,appreciative consumer,picking raspberrie s,scrathing their own arms,the farm reality,the v alue of food,valuable consumersg.new York MarylandConnecticut Pennsylvania New jersey Massach usetts VermontLesson 10 Section 1 News item 1a. he will veto a defense spending bill if it is approved by the houseb. president Reagan was concerned about the prov isions that would ban nuclear testing and cut funding for his star wars defense systemc. charged,soviet-backed ban,backdoor to a nuclear freeze news item 2a. israeli warplanes bomed suspected Palestinian guerrilla bases in southeast Beirutb. 1.at leas t four targets were set on fire2.two people were wounded.News item 31. pic botha described the international sanction s against south Africa as a madperverse action2. pic botha believed that the international san ctions against south Africa wouldresult in the unemployment of many blacks3. botha said that the south Africa government will accept the challenge toovercome the effects of the sanctions4. botha made his statement at a news conference in Pretoria todaynews item 41. larry speakes is the white house spokesman2. he said that president Reagan will veto a s anction bill whichwas passed by congress, but he admitted that it will be difficult to sustain the vetonews item 5wall street,up four and a half,closing,1797.81,mod erate,132 millionsection 2 a. badbc b. ftfc. 1.take over,southern Lebanon2.past six weeks,4 french,hizbullah,this morning,wa s rocketed,southern Lebanon3.no casualty,were blown offdefense sources had this consideration because they found the word onward toJerusalem on kerchiefs worn by some dead hizbull ah men2.there have been no hizbullah attacks on the s outh Lebanese army since then3.they had returne d to their basesSection 3a. bdabacdbb. range,8 dollars,15 dollars,the union,a slight reduction,cuts in the pension,health benefits,a twenty percent reduction,the union,overll costsc. edabclesson 11 section 1 news item 1 air2.today3.texas air,people express airlines,one hundred and 25 million dollars b.proposed,allow,employees ,keep their jobs,lose its identity,become part of merger must be approved by federal officials2.texas air is trying to buy eastern airli nes News item 2A. rally,six consecutive losing sessions,ended theday up,nine points,seventeen sixty-seven point fifty-eight news item 31. freedom flight,111,including 70 former prisoner s and 41relatives,today,Miami,former Cuban political prisone rs and their relatives 2. relatives,well-wishers,e cstatic reception 3. culminated,two year,castro re gimesection 2airlines and new York air2.eastern aielines,people express airlines,frontie r airlines air 2.financial3.shut down,frontier airlinespurchasing people express,texas air will getairplanesthe lowest cost work force in the industrya new terminal at Newark,new jerseyflights to London,andcontrol over competition in the northeast c orridor2.in order to get the approval from the department of transporation,texas airlines should agreeto sell more landing slots in the northeast cor ridor to pan am3.the department of transportation insists on tex as air’s selling more slots because it wants to ensure competition in the northeast part of the market place.air does not have to do that because people express is a failing company and the deparmentof transportation thought it would be better tolet texas air buy people express and keep it running rather than let people express fail and lose all those jobs5.if the merger is approved by the department of transportation and if there is less competitio n ,the fares are likely to go upd.two competitors,one airliner,would just have togo up,keep in mind,unrestricted fares,people exp ress,eliminated,phased out,profitable,mergers,create more efficiencies,low costs,low fares,making a lot of money,raising prices excessively,move in,broug ht down,competition section 3 a. acb. 1.she took the picture in front of a Woolwo rth store because her song love at the five an ddime deals with the Woolworth store2.she posed with a book in her hand because he r audience consists of young people and she wan ts to take every opportunity to influence the y oung people to read books3.she was sitting in her hotel room and listeni ng to two people singing in the next room.when she was looking out of the window at the moo n,the song just came flowing to her c.yourself,i nspiration,bringing,particular,a matter of getting up,writing it downlesson 12 section 1 news item 1a. 1.he is an American reporter2.he is now in Frankfurt,west germany3.he was in Moscow4.he was detained by the soviet5.he was detained on espionage charges6.he was there for one month7.he is now on his way home b.ffc. 1.an agreement was reached after meeting2.it had lasted three hours3.it was held last nght in new York4.american secretary of state and soviet fore ign minister News item 2 a. ft b. dbaac. 1.majority leader ,restating his opposition,pun itive,harm the victims,outline an executiveorder,impose some but not all of,congress2.the house foreign affairs committee,come back,to ugher sanctions,sustainedSection 2 a. Ttffb. Acdoc. 1.an arrest warrant, against,narrow political purpose,some political leverage,gennadizakaharov2.the Russian scientist,arrest,spying,daniloff’s detention,the united states,the soviet union,a summit meetingd.a summit could not take place,gaining his free dom,been removed,an impediment,the zakharov case,th e twenty-five soviet diplomatssection 3a. one year ago this month, mexico city,powerful ,more than nine thousand killedb. cbcac. tfft ftd. 1.the loans,technical assistance,a catholic chu rch foundation,repaying the loans,keeping upwith operating expenses,having a boss,transition,ac customed,male authority figures2.giving overtime pay for extra work,allowing wor kers to take vacation,providing standard benefitsbegan to raise questions because some factory owners moved more quickly to salvage machinery a nd cash boxes than to rescue trapped workers2.the nine factory owners agreed to guaranteef.1.a seamstress who works at an cooperative on Uruguay street 2.a leader of another seamstre sses’cooperative3.press chief for the September 19th garment w orkers’union4.a seamstress who was fired for organizing the women in the factoryg.an uphill battle,decent living,important in assuring,a fair shake,lawyers,feminists,set new terms,n ew organizations,cooperatives and unions,new allian ces,educated elites,popular groups,lasting legacylesson 13 section 1 news item 1 a. bac news item 2 a. ffttfb. tough on drugs,business,are thinking of usingdrugs,stop,are pushing drugs,beware news item 3one,more than 50,in paris,at the drivers’permit office,headquarters,the fourth blast,7 dayssection 2 a. cbdcb. paris today,more than 50,police headquarters,a crowded public target,a week,policeofficer,yesterday,removing a bomb,a restaurant ,min utes after,prime minister,new security measures,cur bing,francec. 1.a terrorist group called the committee for solidarity eith arab and middle-eastern prisoner shas been very active recently in paris2.the anti-terrorist measures include increased ,m ilitary patrols along the French borders and req uirement of an entry visa for all foreign visit ors to france3.french involvement in middle-eastern affairs,thelong French tradition of granting political asy lum ,and the lack of resolution in repressing t errorist activities have made france an ideal ta rget of terrorists d.fftfffe.with terrorism at home and abroad,two weeks,the united nations peace keeping force,remote-control led bombs,an emergency meeting,the united nations security council,the role and safety,7 French h ostages,the Chirac governmentf.edabcsection 3 a. fftff b. cbdbc. 1.damage done,espionage and lax security,acknow ledged publicly,us military plans,havebeen seriously compromised, gravely impaired,have been overcome,spying,exposed to adversaries 2.too many streets,access to secrets ,spies,accountabilit y,our national secrets,effort,combating,real threat, national securityare too many weak points in the national secu rity system and not enough effort has been made to improve it 2.95 recommendationsemphasis on re-investigations of cleared perso nnel b.a streamlined classification systemc.more money for counter-intelligence elementsof the fbi,cia and the military services d .tighter controls on foreign diplomats from hosti le countriese.durenberger Minnesota republican chairman of the intelligence committee leahyVermont democrat vice-chairman of intelligence committeelesson 14 section 1 news item 1a. 1.it is about Bernard kalb2.he has resigned from the post as state depart ment spokesman3.it happened today4.he resigned because of the government’s alleged disinformation campaign against Libya b . caddnews item 2a. 1.it is Eugene hasenfus2.he has been captured by the Sandinista governm ent3.he allegedly carried arms to the contra r ebels b. fttffftfc.the utmost seriousness,consular services,functionof an embassy,Sandinista government,that function difficult,whether,us embassy,normally,Nicaraguasection 2 a.fcdbae b.adadbc c.ftfffftt1983 a deputy quit his job at the white hous e as a protest against misleading the us press shortly before the American invasion of grenada2.it was Shultz who appointed kalb the chief sp okesman of the state department two days ago3. shultz defended the us policies against Libya,inc luding a disinformation effort,while kalb insisted that he could not tolerate any policy of disi nformationguidelines,not to lie or mislead the press,has not done so,went out of his way,a man,overwhel ming integrity,own integrity2.the impact,the credibility,faith,faith in the wo。
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