形容词副词
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形容词与副词的区别与变化规则形容词和副词是英语中常见的词类,在表达方式和语法使用上有一些明显的区别与变化规则。
本文将对形容词和副词的区别以及它们的变化规则进行详细介绍。
一、形容词的定义与特点形容词(Adjective)是一类用来修饰名词或代词的词语。
它的主要作用是描述名词的品质、状态、特征或属性。
形容词通常用于句子中作定语或表语,用来给名词或代词增加具体的形象、感受或特征。
二、副词的定义与特点副词(Adverb)是一类用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词语。
它的作用是对动作、状态、程度、时间、方式、原因等进行修饰和补充。
副词通常用来回答问题“how”,以解释或限定动作发生的方式、程度或时间。
三、形容词与副词的区别1. 修饰对象不同:形容词修饰名词或代词,而副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。
2. 语法作用不同:形容词在句中作定语、表语或补语,而副词则在句中作状语、补语或修饰动词、形容词或副词。
3. 修改内容不同:形容词修饰名词时,改变名词的特征或属性,而副词修饰动词时,改变动作的方式、程度等。
四、形容词的变化规则1. 基本形式:形容词的基本形式一般是原级(原形),如“big”。
2. 比较级(比较形式):形容词在比较级中加“-er”,如“bigger”。
在一些特殊情况下,形容词的比较级会发生规则变化,如“good”变为“better”、“bad”变为“worse”等。
3. 最高级(最高形式):形容词在最高级中加“-est”,如“biggest”。
同样地,一些形容词在最高级中会有规则变化,如“best”、“worst”。
五、副词的变化规则1. 基本形式:大多数副词的基本形式与形容词相同,只是作用不同,如“loud”(形容词)和“loudly”(副词)。
2. 比较级和最高级:大多数副词的比较级和最高级都是在前面加“more”和“most”,如“more slowly”、“most beautifully”。
形容词和副词的用法作用:1. 形容词:(1)形容词在句中常修饰名词和代词。
A good boy. Someth ing important _________ (2)形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
Our country is a beautiful country.( 作定语)The meal is delicious.(作表语)We keep our classroom clean and tidy. ( _____ 作宾语补足语 ) 2. 副词:(1) 副词在句中修饰动词、副词、形容词、全句( Luckily )。
She speaks English well.Luckily, I passed the exam.(2) 副词在句中可作状语、表语、和定语。
He studies very hard. _( 作状语)When will you be back. _______ (作表语)very , too, so, really, quite, pretty—、位置1.形容词:通常要放在所修饰的名词之前, 但要放在不定代词之后。
2. 副词:1 )多数副词作状语时放在行为动词之后。
如果动词带宾语,则放在宾语之后。
Mr. Smith works very hard. She speaks En glish well. 2) 频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、 He usually gets up early. I am n ever late for school. 3) 程度副词一般放在所修饰的名词前面。
He runs very fast.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级、最高级。
原级指形容词和副词的原形;比较级用来表示“较……”或“更……一些”;最高级则表示“最 一、形容词和副词的原级:1. 表示两者(A 与B )在某一方面相同时用句型:A + 谓语+ as + 形容词或副词的原形 + as+ B. eg: ① Tom 禾口 Sam 一样高。
形容词和副词的用法形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词,形容词修饰名词和代词。
副词修饰动词,形容词和其他副词或整个句子。
一形容词的构成1 本身是形容词。
如:good,happy 等。
2 由名词加y 构成:sun—sunny,wind —-windy,rain ——rainy,flower —-flowery.3.由名词+-able,+-ent,+-en,+-al,+-less,+-ful,+-ing,+-ive, 等构成,如:comfort —comfortable ,differ—different,nation —national, wood —wooden, care —- careful,care —careless, excite —-exciting, act —-active.4.由名词+ly 构成形容词,如:friendly ,lonely, lovely ,lively,likely,ugly,brotherly,motherly,fatherly,daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early,manly,orderly,deadly, 等。
5 复合形容词如:kind-hearted,warm-hearted,well-educated,good-looking,man-made,Harding-working,peace-loving,new-born, snow-white,duty-free.二形容词的作用1 做定语修饰名词和代词 a good boy,something new, 等。
2 做表语,He is happy.3 作宾语补足语I found him hard-working.4 作主语补足语He was found hard-working.(被动语态中)5 做主语或宾语(前面加the )The new replaces the old. 新事物代替旧事物。
形容词和副词的用法口诀
形容词和副词的用法口诀:
形容词:修饰名词,最靠前。
副词:修饰动词,最靠后。
形容词性物主代词:把主语描述,既可作定语。
比较级副词:表比较,比较前要先并。
最高级形容词:程度最高,位置要放前面多。
不定式短语副词:表目的,放句子后面多。
情态动词的副词:表态度,放句子最前头。
疑问副词:表示疑问,放句首句首多。
副语素:位置很灵活,可以分句、句首、句末。
由复合句衍生的副词:表示原因或结果,只能放在句尾多。
关系副词:对上文提到的词,表示时间、方式、原因、程度等。
程度副词:表示程度,程度越大放句末多。
限定副词:表示范围,限定范围放句首多。
频度副词:表示一次性,只放句末而不能放前头。
形容词和副词1,形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。
如:sick(病的)、pretty(漂亮的)beautiful(美丽的)、new(新的)、cheap(便宜的)expensive(贵的)、old(旧的,老的)、interesting (有趣的)、它在句中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,如:He is a good student(作定语)他是个好学生。
I have something important to tell you(作定语)我又一些重要的事告诉你。
The football game was marvelous.(表语)足球赛精彩极了。
I'm sorry that I'm late.(表语)对不起,我迟到了。
只能作表语不能作定语的形容词:alone(单独的)、afraid(害怕的)、awake(醒着的)、asleep(睡着的)、Don't leave the door open, please.(宾补)请不要将门敞着。
He spent three days in the snow, cold and hungry. (状语)他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了两天。
注意:1、形容词修饰名词要前置,修饰不定代词时要后置。
如:an importantmeeting(一个重要的会议)、something important2、表示人的性质、特征的形容词前加定冠词the可表示一类人。
如:The rich should help the poor.(富人应该帮助穷人)The young should be polite to the old.(小孩应该对老人有礼貌)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。
The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。
The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。
语法——形容词与副词第4讲形容词与副词形容词主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征、或属性。
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等。
核心考点01 考查形容词和副词的基本用法当设空处所给的词是名词或动词时,如果所填的词作定语、表语、补语,表示事物的特征,需要考虑用形容词形式;当设空处是形容词时,如果所填的词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语、名词短语或整个句子,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等,需要考虑用副词形式。
典例分析(2017全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most ________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.【解析】句意:伦敦中部铁路是这些线路中最成功的一条,于1900年开通。
根据前面的the most可知, 这里是形容词的最高级, success是名词, 其形容词形式是successful。
【答案】successful状元提醒核心考点02考查形容词和副词的比较等级绝大多数形容词和副词都有三种形式:原级,比较级和最高级,用以表示形容词和副词在程度上的不同。
同级比较用“as + adj. / adv.+as”结构;其否定形式可用“not as / so + adj. / adv. + as”结构。
比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,用“比较级+than+对比成分”构成。
最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,其结构形式为“the+最高级+of / in+比较的范围”。
但是,在很多情况下,比较等级的概念是暗含在上下文的语境中的,因此,考生在作答时一定要特别注意。
典例分析The purpose of new technologies is to make life ________ (easy), not to make it more difficult.【解析】句意:新技术的目的是使生活更容易,而不是使之更困难。
形容词和副词形容词:用以修饰名词,表示事物特征的词。
如:long, beautiful, big 等。
副词:用以修饰动词、形容词和副词的词,用来说明事物发生的时间、地点、方式等。
如:quickly, soon, early 等。
1) It is a red box. 这是一个红色的箱子。
2) He walks slowly. 他慢慢地走着。
3) Many beautiful birds live there happily. 很多漂亮的小鸟快乐地生活在那里。
一、形容词和副词的构成:1、常见形式:形容词+ ly→副词real-really usual-usually bad-badly true-truly happy-happily2、daily 日常的,lovely可爱的,friendly友好的,lonely孤独的,ugly丑陋的Likely可能的等是adj,不是adv.3、不带-ly 的常用副词:well, fast, hard, high, straight等。
4、特殊:hard—adj 硬的,困难的;hard—adv 努力地;hardly—adv 几乎不good—adj 好的;well—adv 好地early—adj&adv 早的,早地fast—adj&adv 快的,快地二、形容词和副词在句中的位置1.be+形容词I am________ (happy, happily).He is ________ (successful, successfully).Lucy is __________ (kind, kindly).2. 系动词+形容词常见的系动词有:be动词,三变化(turn, get, become), 五感官(feel, sound, look, smell, taste), seem, keep,等。
1) I feel __. A.terrible B.terribly C. terriblely2) He looks__. A.happy B. happily C. sadly3) It tastes ___ . A. badly B. well C. bad4) Do you feel ___ now? Thanks. I’m Ok. A. good B. well C. badly5) The boy is getting ___. A. strong B. strongly C. heavily3. 形容词+名词He is a _____ man. (careful, carefully)It is a ______ story. (true, truly)Eight is a _____ number. (lucky, luckily)4. 动词+副词He runs ____. (quick, quickly).He studied _____. (good, well)He will listen to Tom_____. (careful, carefully)1.不定代词+形容词(不定代词:something, anything, everything, nothing等)Something important: 一些重要的事情nothing difficult: 没有什么困难的6. enough+名词enough money enough time形容词/副词+enough old enough fast enoughMy sister is old enough to look afer herself.The teenagers aren’t serious enough to drive .练习:1. He is ill today. So he looks ____. A. tired B. happily C. sadly2. My brother doesn’t feel ___ today. A. good B. well C. happily3. The food smells ___ . I don’t like it A. good B. badly C. bad4. He writes very ____. A. careful B. carefully C. bad5. I study very____. A. hard B. hardly C. careful6. The weather gets ___. A. warm B. warmly C. coldly7. Our country is becoming ___. A. strong B. strongly C. richly8. Is there ____ in the newspaper ?A. something newB. new anythingC. anything new9. There is ___ with my bike. It works well.A. nothing wrongB. wrong somethingC. something wrong10. He speaks ____ for me to understand.A. too slowlyB. slowly enoughC. enough slowly11. He runs ___ to catch up with me.A. too fastB. quick enoughC. quickly enough12. I’m ____ I can’t say a wordA. too happy toB. happy enough thatC. so happy that13.你能给我一些吃的吗? Can you ______________________________?14.老师告诉我们一些有趣的事情. The teacher ______________________.15.他够高可以摘到那个苹果. He is _____________________ the apple.16.他工作够仔细. He works______________.17.他上课不够认真He ____________________.18.这音乐听起来很美妙. ____________________________.19. Tom 看起来不开心. ___________________________.20. 这石头太重, 我帮不动. The stone _____________________ carry.三、形容词&副词的比较级和最高级1. 原级、比较级、最高级的构成规则:1) 直接+er, +est : cold –colder –coldest high—higher—highest2) 以 e结尾的+r, +st: fine –finer—finest nice --nicer --nicest3) 以y结尾的, 改y为i, 再+er. +estEasy--easier --easiest Happy--happier -- happiest1)重读闭音节单词,双写辅音,再+er, +estbig – bigger – biggest sad--sadder—saddest thin – thinner – thinnest6) 多音节词,+more, +mostBeautiful—more beautiful—most beautifulImportant—more important—most importantDelicious—more delicious—most delicious2)不规则变化good / well – better – best ill / bad / badly – worse – worstmany / much – more – most little – less – leastfar – farther / further– farthest / furthest练习:写出下列单词的比较级和最高级small _______ _______ nice ________ _______ big ________ _________ early ______ ________ heavy _______ ______ wet _______ ________late _______ _______cold _______ _______ popular _______ _______ interesting _______ _______old _______ ______ much _______ ______red _______ ______ good _______ ______2. 形容词、副词比较等级的用法与句型:1) 原级:表示两者一样或不一样结构:as + 原级+as not as/so + 原级+asMy friend Kay is as tall as me.My friend Ka y isn’t as/ so tall as me.Exercises:①Joan与Kate一样小心. Joan is _________________ Kate.②我与你学习一样努力。
形容词与副词【语法归纳】一.形容词(adj.):(一)意义:表示人或事物的特征。
如:big , good , pretty等。
(二)在句子中的作用:1.形容词在句子中常作定语、表语和宾语补足语。
(1)作定语,修饰名词或代词。
当形容词修饰不定代词的时候,要放在不定代词的后面。
例:I have a lovely son.We have something nice to eat.(2)作表语,与系动词连用。
例:You are clever.I feel terrible.The mooncake tastes delicious.(3)作宾语补足语。
例:We should keep our classroom clean.2.特殊的形容词:(1)ill和well表示身体健康的时候,只能作表语,不作定语。
例:The boy was ill .不能说:He was an ill boy.The girl looks very well.不能说:She is a well girl.(2)以ly结尾的形容词,不要认为是副词。
如:friendly, lonely , lively二.副词(adv.)(一)意义:(修饰动词、形容词或其他副词)表示时间、地点、方法或程度等。
如:very , quite , slowly等。
(二)种类:1. 时间副词:now, then, ago , tomorrow2. 地点副词:here, there, outside, everywhere3. 方式副词:slowly, happily, angrily4.程度副词:almost, hardly, nearly5.疑问副词:how, why, where, when6.频度副词:always, often , usually(三)副词在句子中的位置:一般情况下,时间副词和地点副词的位置通常在句末,二者同时出现时,先地点后时间。
61/177C. visuallyD. physically11.Drummersare____________fortheirbeatsthantheirbrainpower,butresearchhassuggested that they might actually be natural intellectuals.A. better-knownB. well-knownC. best-knownD. most-known12. There's nothing ____________ about the directions on the bottle and the patient raised doubts about how effective the new drug really was.A. concreteB. simpleC. convenientD. extraordinary13. Due to the thin air, their parachutes were ____________ regular ones, and the jumpers used oxygen tanks strapped to their waists.A. three times the size asB. the size three times ofC. three times as the size ofD. three times the size of14. My friend lived in France for years, but ____________ she can't speak French.A. Strangely enoughB. Enough strangelyC. Strange enoughD. Enough strange15. Consumers may be particularly ____________ to changes in the price of daily purchases, such as food and fuel, while they overlook the stability of other prices.A. availableB. sensibleC. steadyD. sensitive16. They did not expect heavy losses in the air. ____________, they had excellent aircraft.A. After allB. ThereforeC. BesidesD. On the other hand17. Like the ____________ hour, the visitors left, the place was deserved and there was in a deafening silence.A. usualB. ordinaryC. commonD. normal18. What a wonder! There, about 1400 feet above the street, two ____________ figures were walking on air.A. famousB. strangeC. fantasticD. tiny19. Why do you always set you cell phone to divert calls? I can ____________ reach you.A. fairlyB. hardlyC. nearlyD. seldom20. I can enjoy more free time running my present business—certainly much more than my ____________ job could offer.A. previousB. preciousC. reliableD. stable21. You can ____________ rely on the British summer weather, so taking an umbrella along might be a good idea—just in case!A. seldomB. everC. neverD. always22. On the one hand they'd love to have kids, ____________, they don't want to give up their freedom.A. howeverB. but for anotherC. and at the same timeD. but on the other62/17723. We don't think there're power cuts this summer, but we'llmake sure we're always wellstocked up with candles ____________.A. at lastB. once againC. in caseD. in time24. President Obama says his administration wants to look to ____________ energy sources as part of a plan to make the United States less dependent on foreign oil.A. primaryB. alternativeC. instantD. unique25. Ironically, even though more and more women work outside the home like men, they still do twice ____________ much house work.A. asB. soC. tooD. very26.—In my opinion, his suggestion is ____________ practical.—I can't agree more. I don't like it at all.A. not a littleB. not a bitC. more or lessD. anyway27. ____________, we went to the near shop to buy some food and fruit and then had a good rest.A. hungry and tiredlyB. hungry and tiredC. hungrily and tiredlyD. hungrily and tired28. Although we have found some possible indications, they are ____________ very far from our eventual purpose.A. stillB. evenC. alsoD. thus29. The boss was very glad that the new comer had finished____________ than 50 percent of the work in two hours.A. less or moreB. more or lessC. no lessD. no more30. The reason why she adapted to the new situations quickly is that she has a ____________ attitude.A. changeableB. alternateC. movableD. flexible31. If I had ____________, I'd go to Africa alone, stopping at all the interesting places.A. an enough long holidayB. a long enough holidayC. a holiday enough longD. a long holiday enough32. The reason is so obvious as to ____________ require explanation.A. hardlyB. nearlyC. seriouslyD. heavily33. It turned out that his pulse beats at ____________ intervals, which made us relieved.A. generalB. usualC. regularD. common34. To my happiness, my uncle bought me a ____________ watch as my birthday present.A. fine gold smallB. gold fine smallC. small fine goldD. fine small gold35.are____________reasonsforit,rangingfromwantingtoimprovetheirjobprospects, to just expecting to experience the feeling of being able to speak foreigners.63/177A. anxiousB. curiousC. obviousD. various36.WhenMikereturnedhome,hisparentsdidn'taskabouthisperformanceintest.____________, they presented him with a cup of hot red-sugar water.A. MeanwhileB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Yet37.—What do you think of today's interview, Mary?—A little nervous. You know, it is the first interview I've done in front of a ____________ audience.A. aliveB. liveC. livingD. lively38. The United States won most of the track and field events. ____________, in swimming, the top three places went to Americans.A. FortunatelyB. HopefullyC. CheerfullyD. Similarly39.Ifanantisblockedormeetswithanobstacle,itwilltryitsbesttofindaway____________—either climb over or pass through it or go a roundabout way.A. aloneB. rightC. outD. straight40. Poor Clarissa wanted nothing ____________ to have someone to talk to.A. rather thanB. more thanC. better thanD. other than41. One cannot learn a language well ____________ by learning rules of its grammar.A. graduallyB. deeplyC. merelyD. extremely42.—Why did she spend so much time searching shop after shop for a skirt?—Oh, she was very ____________ about her clothes.A. specialB. curiousC. particularD. especial。