2017高考英语二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题2 技法6 利用词法和句法结构解题 含解析

专题1 语法填空[构建知识体系]2015-2017年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计〔新课标I卷〕动词形容词副词名词代词冠词介词连词2015年 4 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 2016年 3 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 2017年 4 1 1 1 0 1 1 1[考纲解读]考试大纲要求考纲解读《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》明确指出：高中学生应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能考查考生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。

语篇型语法填空那么更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。

同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。

[剖析全国高考真题]——预测高考命题方向1.[2017·新课标I]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community〔医学界〕 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process) the foodthat we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 5 result, peoplewill eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amountof fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between mealsand will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health.[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文。

专题二短文改错策略综述解题流程1．细读全文，了解全篇首先要细读全文，弄懂全篇的主旨，背景和素材。

记住必须做到一句一句地读，在读的过程中可以把初步确定的错误标出来。

2．分句阅读，逐句纠错在此过程中，考生一定要细心，要根据上表中的考点方向去发现错误，可以先易后难。

3．重读文章，仔细推敲最后要将改正后的短文再仔细阅读一遍，看词法、句法及行文逻辑是否合理恰当，如有不适及时纠正。

真题导练A(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Since I was a kid, I've cons idered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.1.形容词different后跟名词的复数形式。

故应将job改成jobs。

2．系动词look后跟形容词作表语。

故应将coolly改成cool。

专题二阅读七选五(2016·全国乙卷)Secret codes(密码) keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”38 You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Let's number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book. 39 For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However，it is also hard to keep a code book secretfor long.So codes must be changed frequently.A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B．In any language，some letters are used more than others.C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D．As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F．With a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words.G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.本文是一篇说明文。

《普通高中英语课程标准》对语言技能目标(八级)“写作”的要求如下：(1)能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；(2)能根据文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；(3)能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；(4)能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。

从要求来看，书面表达是综合性很强的题目，目的是考查学生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。

因此，考生应做到：(1)主题明确；(2)内容充实；(3)结构合理；(4)逻辑性强；(5)语言准确得体。

．2013—2015高考(新课标)全国卷书面表达出题形式、体裁和话题等一览表年写作类出题形体话词数要美国的节日风俗提纲式书文字提半开字信息中学生生活100左右2015去敬老院陪老人们提纲式文半开放文字提示电子邮件Ⅱ字信息类过重阳节询问暑期去英国学Ⅰ半开放图表类广告图表书信习英语情况左右1002014想象“十年后的提纲式文半开放文字提示记叙文Ⅱ字信息类我”询问是否可以接机Ⅰ提纲式文书信左右100文字提示半开放2013字信息类Ⅱ请朋友网上代卖中国结通过对近三年高考新课标全国卷英语书面表达的分析发现，考查内容在从传统的单纯知识型向现代创新能力型转变，写作文体以应用文为主(多以书信和电子邮件的形式出现)，半开放类占主流。

这充分体现了现代高考旨在考查考生能否在体验现代生活发展节奏、把握时代脉搏的同时，将所学知识与具体实践结合起来并灵活运用的能力。

考查特点归纳如下：1．写作体裁与知识的实际运用密切结合近三年的新课标全国卷绝大部分为书信或电子邮件。

这一应用文体，在日常生活中使用较多，考生十分熟悉。

写作话题贴近实际生活，突出了对考生处理现实生活实际问题的能力的考查。

如：2015年新课标全国卷Ⅰ——就美国的节日风俗和中学生生活约稿(贴近生活)。

2．突出考查考生的想象力和创新能力近三年的书面表达的写作内容都是来自于生活的真实情景。

需要考生根据自身的生活阅历展开合理想象，创设合情合理的语境。