高中英语 第3章 还原句子结构挑出陷阱训练(江苏专用)

江苏专用届高三英语一轮复习精品学案Module3Unit3BacktothepastUnit 3Back to the past重点单词【1】辨析remain, stay(1) remain与stay表示“留下，继续保持某一状态”时，常作连系动词，可以互换，其后接名词、形容词、介词短语等作表语。

He stayed/remained outside while we entered the room. 他留在外面，我们进了屋子。

(2) 当表示“剩下”(即其余的一切都被拿走、除去、破坏等)，通常只用remain而不用stay。

What remains of the original art collection is now in the city museum.原来的艺术收藏品剩下来的现在都在市博物馆里。

(3) 当表示“在某处或在某处住下”时，常用stay而不用remain。

He wants to stay with a friend in the country for a week. 他想和一个朋友在乡下待一个星期。

remaining adj. 剩下的Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ______ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. seatedB. seatingC. to seatD. seatA句意：女士们，先生们，请在飞机完全停下来之后再离开座位。

考查非谓语动词作表语。

remain“仍然是，保持不变”，是连系动词，后接不定式表示将要发生的动作；seat是及物动词，“使某人就座”为seat oneself，故用过去分词作表语。

【2】protect vt. 保护，from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。

其常用句型为：protect…from/against…He wore a pair of sunglasses to protect his eyes from/against strong light.他戴上太阳镜以保护他的眼睛不受强光影响。

第二章补全略成分(chéng fèn)△点拨△略句很容易影响学生对句子构造的准确把握。

典型的略句有：不定式的略、状语从句的略、句子谓语的略、主谓语的略及强调句型的略等。

解答此类题的较好方法是“补全法〞。

句子构造补充完好后，干扰因素也就随之消失，答案也就容易判断了。

△训练△[每一小题0.5分，一共30小题；满分是15分] 得分：________ 1.—Four? A little ________， say, a quarter to four, OK?—All right.A．less B．more C．later D．earlier答案 D [say是“例如〞的意思，由 a quarter to four可知，空白处应填“更早一点〞，应选D。

]2．The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, ________ Land Rover of the latest.A．another B．otherC．the other D．the others答案 D [the others表示其它的两辆车，相当于the other two cars。

the other表示两辆车中的另一辆；another表示三者或者三者以上的一辆。

]3．I will spend as much as I ________ the lessons.A．can go over B．can to go overC．can going over D．go答案 C [把这句话写完好就是：I will spend as much as I can spend in going over the lessons.。

]4．The young student did what he could ________ the examinations.A．pass B．to passC．passing D．passed答案(dá àn) B [could后略了do，不定式表目的。

素能提升演练(九)必修3 Ｕnit 3Ⅰ、用下列句型翻译句子１、我们图书馆里的书比您们图书馆里的书多五倍。

(倍数表达法)_＿_____＿＿___＿__＿__＿_＿_＿__＿___＿__________＿___________＿_____＿_____＿___２、她特别幸运,有一些朋友帮助她。

(ｉｎｔｈat引导的原因状语从句)______＿_＿＿＿＿___＿__＿＿＿＿_＿_____＿＿____＿＿＿__＿＿＿_______＿___＿________＿__＿_3、社会实践对我们特别有帮助。

(“bｅ+of+名词"结构)______＿__＿＿________＿＿_＿_＿__＿___＿_＿＿__＿___＿＿＿______＿_＿__＿_＿＿_________4、看来,和她交朋友有点让人心烦。

(主语+be+ａdj、 +不定式)_＿_____＿___＿＿＿_＿＿_____＿__＿_____＿_＿＿__________＿＿＿__＿_____＿_______＿___５、妈妈不喜爱我工作到特别晚。

(v、－iｎg的复合结构)＿＿____________＿＿______＿＿_＿＿＿___＿____________＿___＿______＿_＿_＿____＿_＿＿6。

他熄了灯,什么也看不见了。

(分词短语作结果状语)_＿______＿__＿_＿____＿＿＿__＿____＿＿___＿__＿________＿_____＿__＿__＿______＿___Ⅱ。

单项填空１、 Tiring ａs it ｍiｇｈt be, the ｍiｌitary tｒainiｎg ＿＿_＿＿__＿ tｈe bｅst opｐorｔuｎiｔｙ to ｍake ｌifelｏng ｆｒieｎｄs。

Ａ、is beliｅved to ｂeﻩﻩB。

ｂｅliｅvｅs ａsC、is ｂｅlieved ｔo beingﻩﻩD、believes２。

A surｐriｓｅ attacｋ was __＿_____ aｔ Pｅarl Haｒｂor by tｈe Ｊａpanｅse ｉn 1941, ｗhich ｌeｄｔｏ tｈｅ US _＿______ the Second Woｒｌd War。

Section ⅤProjectRead the text and answer the following questions.1．What are the different types of drugs?There_are_three_main_classes_of_drugs：the_class_of_drugs_called_uppers,__the_class_of_drugs_called_downers_and_the_cl ass_of_drugs_that_change_the_way_people_think_and_see_the_world,__such_as_LSD.2. What are the effects of drugs on the body or mind?These_drugs_have_different_effects_on_users’_bodies._Some_drugs_may_make_users_feel_happy_and_excited,__while_others_can_ma ke_users_feel_tired_or_see_things_that_are_not_really_there._Although_these_dru gs_can_produce_different_reactions,__they_are_all_addictive,__physically_and/or _psychologically.3．What are the legal punishments for carrying drugs?The_legal_punishments_range_from_a_small_fine_and_a_few_days_in_prison_to_a _large_fine_and_the_death_sentence_according_to_the_type_and_quantity_of_illega l_drugs_the_person_is_carrying_when_caught_by_the_police.4．How do you think taking drugs effects the user’s family?Taking_drugs_can_greatly_affect_the_user’s_family._If_a_family_member_is_addicted_to_drugs,__he_or_she_may_spend_a_lot_o f_their_money_on_drugs._The_user’s_behaviour_may_also_be_affected_and_he_or_she_may_act_very_strangely._The_fami ly_may_become_very_upset_at_the_user’s_actions._Fill in the blanks according to the text.Ⅰ.高频单词1．artificial adj. 虚假的；人造的；人为的2．slide n. 降低；衰退；滑动vi. & vt. 降低，衰退；(使)滑行，滑动3．trap vt. 使陷入困境；使陷入圈套；夹住，卡住n．陷阱；圈套；困境4．suck vt. 抽吸，吮吸5．stain n. 污点；污渍vt. & vi. 玷污，弄脏；染色6．reaction n. 生理反应，副作用；回应，反应→react vi.反应，回应7．downward adj. 向下的adv.向下→upward(反义词)Ⅱ.重点短语1．end_in_... 以……告终2．rebel_against 反抗3．be/become_addicted_to 上瘾4．classify_sth._as_sth. 把……归类为……5．in_quantity/quantities 大量地6．in the beginning 开始时7．suck the life out of 吸干……的活力8．over again 再，重新9．wipe away 消除，去除10．in the first place 首先，第一Ⅲ.经典句型1．[句型展示] There are three main classes of drugs, each_of_which has a different effect on the body.毒品有三大种类，每一种对身体的影响都各不相同。

第二讲如何写记叙文的主体一、题型特点读写任务型作文的主体部分一般要求写120词左右，通常包括两部分：一是衔接过渡语；二是论证自己的观点或描述类似的事例。

1.衔接过渡语：写完摘要后要用一句过渡性的语句引出自己的观点(赞成或反对)或类似的事例。

2.论证观点或描述事例：对文中的观点进行对比论证，并提出自己的观点；描述事例时要紧扣文章主题，所描述的事例能够与文章观点契合。

二、写作技巧出现在读写任务中的记叙文要求考生描述一件与原阅读材料有关联的事件，并说出自己从事件中得到的教训或对所描述现象发表自己的看法。

1.写作步骤衔接过渡描述事件发表看法2.常用过渡语句(1)This reminds me of the similar experience.(2)This story brings me back to an event many years ago.(3)I had a similar experience.【典例示范】请阅读下面的短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

(2018·盐城高三二模)Mountains.Thevillage.Cursingtos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car broke down near a remote and poor village.Cursing my misfortune，I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the hohouse.Finallyhouse.While guest in their house.Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me settled into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.table.Somehoney.Wee hens running free in my hostess’s courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.Some villagers brought me goat’s cheese and honey.We drank together a nd talked merrily till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused her.[写作内容]1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；2.用约120个词谈谈你的感受；可以是自己亲身的经历，也可以用他人的事例。

(江苏专用）2019高考英语创新设计：跳出陷阱练习：（3）还原句子结构（解析）第三章还原句子结构△点拨△来改变句子的正常词序，造成搭配上的假象，从而达到干扰的目的。

这类题有相当大的迷惑性，极易导致学生上当。

解此类题最可靠的方法是“还原法”。

只要恢复了它的庐山真面目，答案就一目了然了。

△训练△[每题0.5分，共30小题；总分值15分]得分：________1.Bobseemstohaveneverbeen________hiswife'sparents,evenherself,seriously.A、facingB、takingC、seeingD、telling答案B[take...seriously是“认真对待……”的意思。

]2、Thenumberofpeople________thishappensisnotverylarge.A、withwhomB、towhichC、towhomD、onwhich答案C[这是sth.happenstosb.结构。

句意：发生过这事的人的数目不是很大。

]3、________partwomen________insocietyisgreat.A、The；playB、A；takeC、A；playD、The；take答案A[由playapartin搭配可排除B、D，part后跟了定语从句，那就表示特指了，所以要用the。

]4、Theoldwomanhadaletterfromhersoninthearmy________toher.(2017·四川成都七中高三上学期入学考试) A、readB、writeC、writtenD、received答案A[havealetterread是“请人读信”的意思。

]5、How________helookedandturnedandlooked,________andevenalittle________，attheboy!A、surprised；surprisedly；angrilyB、surprisedly；surprised；angryC、angrily；surprisedly；angryD、angry；surprised；angrily答案A[第一个looked是“看起来”的意思，所以该用：look＋adj.；第二个looked...(at)为“看”的意思，所以该用：look＋adv.。

Part3Extended reading,Project,Assessment&Further study基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.(2023江苏常州九校期中联合调研)You can persuade yourself with your choice if you're not careful,and if you do,it'll probably(滥用)your choices.2.(2020新高考Ⅰ)He turned to the forest(部门)for help but was told that nothing would grow there.3.(2021北京)Researchers in many areas have projected the(广泛的)collapse as“a credible scenario(情景)this century”. Ⅱ.一词多义1.A back injury forced her to withdraw from the volleyball game.2.The people in the building withdrew in time from the big fire.3.After his mother died,he began to withdraw into himself.4.The drug was withdrawn from sale due to its false advertising.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.According to the expert,the vase has a history dating backthe early Tang Dynasty.2.The child's chair was low.The teacher adjusted itthe height where he could see the blackboard.3.There are several theories accounting for these (phenomenon)which are reflected in the picture.4.(2023北京)And I applied with the same(anxiety) excitement as before.5.Afterwards,with more trees cut down,the environment they lived in was(severe)damaged gradually.6.The new labs are with advanced,which motivates us students to study hard to achieve our goals.(equip)7.It is bad manners to laugh at people.Most of us may end up in one day.(disable)8.There is growing evidence staying up late has a serious impact on people's health.9.Now that she is out of work,Lucy(consider)going back to school,but she hasn't decided yet.Ⅳ.完成句子1.花太多的时间在网上是不健康的,并且让人很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。

UNIT3分层跟踪检测(三)Eent&FurtherstudyA级必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.When hearing the investment was withdrawn,she shook her head (violent).2.The lamb stared at its master, (freeze) with horror.3.The (memory) stands next to the church.4.He arrived at that very moment,as if in answer to her (pray).5.When winter arrives,my fingers split and (blood) in the cold air.6.Fights had broken out and all were chaos.7.After that,we all watched a video of doctors (fight) against the epidemic.8.Be careful not to catch a cold it’s getting cold.9.They also had a small pond, they raised fish.10.When I entered,he was on the phone.He nodded at me, (indicate) that I took a seat.Ⅱ.短语填空1.After the failure of electricity supply,the citywas .2.Sports can help you keep fit andnature.3.People watched as the plane crashed to the ground.4.Many young people have volunteered to reclaim the remote regions of their motherland the call of the Party.5.What made her succeed was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.6.I said hello to her,but she ignoredme .7.When he ,he found himself surrounded bya group of boys.8.A pilot should be responsible for the safety of all the passengers .Ⅲ.单句写作1.随着时间的推移,我们感到我们的责任越来越大。

必修一 Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good检测评价A卷Ⅰ.单项填空1．Don't lend your textbooks to those people; it is difficult to ________ the books from them when you want them.A．attain B．recognizeC．preserve D．recover解析：选D 考查动词辨析。

句意：别把你的课本借给那些人。

当你用的时候就很难从他们那要回来了。

recover“重新获得，收回”，符合句意。

A项意为“达到，获得”；B项意为“认出，赏识”； C项意为“保留”。

2．________ to the association of success with money that the thought of giving up a good salary for an idea seems like a little bit crazy.A．Most of us are much accustomedB．So accustomed most of us areC．So accustomed are most of usD．Accustomed as most of us are解析：选C 句意：我们多数人习惯于把成功和金钱联系在一起，但是因为一个想法而放弃一份高薪工作似乎有点疯狂。

在so ... that句型中，把so 及其修饰的形容词或者副词放到句首，句子要用部分倒装语序。

3．My neighbor is as ________ as a young man and dislikes sitting around doing nothing all day.A．enthusiastic B．sensitiveC．talkative D．energetic解析：选D 考查形容词辨析。

Unit 3 Ships in the DesertShips in the DesertShips in the DesertAL Gore--------------------------------------------------------------------------------I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day. But it wasn' t a good day. We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow , the prospects of a good catch looked bleak. Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand – as far as I could see in all directions. The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all the way to the horizon . Ten year s ago the Aral was the fourth-largest inland sea in the world, comparable to the largest of North America's Great Lakes. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in anill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton In the user t. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing fleet was now permanently docked. Meanwhile, in the nearby town of Muynak the people were still canning fish – brought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean, more than a thousand miles away.My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. At the very bottom of the earth, high in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, with the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky, I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late tall of 1988 about the tunnel he was digging through time. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling, he pointed to the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier on which we were standing. He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago. "Here's where the U. S Congress passed the Clean Air Act, ” he said. At the bottom of the world, two continents away from Washington, D. C., even a small reduction in one country's emissions had changed the amount of pollution found in the remotest end least accessible place on earth.But the most significant change thus far in the earth' s atmosphere is the one that began with the industrial r evolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industry meant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it – bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) , with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together, scientists monitor the air sever al times ever y day to chart the course of that inexorable change. During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day'smeasurements, pushing the end of a steep line still higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is – there at the end of the earth – to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.Two and a half years later I slept under the midnight sun at the other end of our planet, in a small tent pitched on a twelve-toot-thick slab of ice floating in the frigid Arctic Ocean. After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to a rendezvous point where the ice was thinner – only three and a half feet thick – and a nuclear submarine hovered in the water below. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers, and resubmerged, I talked with scientists who were trying to measure more accurately the thickness of the polar ice cap, which many believe is thinning as a re-suit of global warming. I had just negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U. S. Navy to secure the re-lease of previously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks, data that could help them learn what is happening to the north polar cap. Now, I wanted to see the pole it-self, and some eight hours after we met the submarine, we were crashing through that ice, surfacing, and then I was standing in an eerily beautiful snowcape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by little hummocks, or "pressure ridges " of ice that are pushed up like tiny mountain ranges when separate sheets collide. But here too, CD, levels are rising just as rapidly, and ultimately temperature will rise with them – indeed, global warming is expected to push temperatures up much more rapidly in the polar regions than in the rest of the world. As the polar air warms, the ice her e will thin; and since the polar cap plays such a crucial role in the world's weather system, the consequences of a thinning cap could be disastrous.Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Six months after I returned from the North Pole, a team of scientists reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Arctic, and a second team reported a still controversialclaim (which a variety of data now suggest) that, over all, the north polar cap has thinned by 2 per cent in just the last decade. Moreover, scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year, and deep in the tundra below, the temperature e of the earth is steadily rising.As it happens, some of the most disturbing images of environmental destruction can be found exactly halfway between the North and South poles – precisely at the equator in Brazil – where billowing clouds of smoke regularly black-en the sky above the immense but now threatened Amazon rain forest. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef; as I learned when I went there in early 1989, the fires are set earlier and earlier in the dry season now, with more than one Tennessee's worth of rain forest being slashed and burned each year. According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America – which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.But one doesn't have to travel around the world to wit-ness humankind's assault on the earth. Images that signal the distress of our global environment arenow commonly seen almost anywhere. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset -- and it you are watching from a place where pollution hasn't blotted out the night sky altogether -- you can sometimes see a strange kind of cloud high in the sky. This "noctilucent cloud" occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening dark-ness; shimmering above us with a translucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural. And they should: noctilucent clouds have begun to appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. (Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills , from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities. ) Even though noctilucent clouds were sometimes seen in the past., all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere, where it condenses at much higher altitudes to form more clouds that the sun's rays still strike long after sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them.What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky? Simple wonder or the mix of emotions we feel at the zoo? Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: just as men "ear tusks from elephants’ heads in such quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction, we are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness. In the process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, be-cause methane has been one of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vapor in total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere. But, without even considering that threat, shouldn't it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can't see these clouds for what they are – a physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessed surprising experiences that signal the damage from our assault on the environment --whether it's the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with which the -un burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growing mountains of waste. But our response to these signals is puzzling. Why haven't we launched a massive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way' Why do some images startle us into immediate action and focus our attention or ways to respond effectively? And why do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a Kin. of paralysis, focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient, less painful distraction?Still, there are so many distressing images of environ-mental destruction that sometimes it seems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them. Before considering the threats themselves, it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respondappropriately.A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflict in one of three different categories, according to the theater in which it takes place. There are "local" skirmishes, "regional" battles, and "strategic" conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles that can threaten a nation's survival and must be under stood in a global context. Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instances of water pollution, air pollution, and illegal waste dumping are essentially local in nature. Problems like acid rain, the contamination ofunder-ground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional. In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the patter n appears to be global, but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of- the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean – all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and it we let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will al-so increase – to the point that all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.Global warming is also a strategic threat. The concentration of carbon dioxide and other heat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 per cent since World War II, posing a worldwide threat to the earth's ability to regulate the amount of heat from the sun retained in the atmosphere. This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.In other words, the entire relationship between humankind and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment, not just a particular area. All of us know that human civilization has usually had a large impact on the environment; to mention just one example, there is evidence that even in prehistoric times, vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. And in our own time we have reshaped a large part of the earth's surface with concrete in our cities and carefully tended rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. But these changes, while sometimes appearing to be pervasive , have, until recently, been relatively trivial factors in the global ecological sys-tem. Indeed, until our lifetime, it was always safe to assume that nothing we did or could do would haveany lasting effect on the global environment. But it is precisely that assumption which must now be discarded so that we can think strategically about our new relationship to the environment.Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. Yet we resist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on the earth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moon's pull on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains. And it we are now capable of changing something so basic as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, We seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth's natural systems.This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relation-ship to the earth: a sudden and startling surge in human population, with the addition of one China's worth of people every ten years, and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginable magnification of our power to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving, and trans-forming the physical matter that makes up the earth. The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context. From the emergence of modern humans 200 000 years ago until Julius Caesar's time, fewer than 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World 1500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the time Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again, to 1 billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen to just above 2 billion people. In other words, from the beginning of humanity's appearance on earth to 1945, it took more than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the course of one human lifetime -- mine -- the world population will increase from 2 to more than 9 million, and it is already more than halfway there.Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that. in the entire previous history of science. While no single discover y has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that unclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance -- making the consequences, of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that change and understand its implications. Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images of environmental destruction now occurring all over the world have much more in common than their ability to shock and awaken us. They aresymptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced. Global warming, ozone depletion, the loss of living species, deforestation -- they all have a common cause: the new relationship between human civilization and the earth's natural balance. There are actually two aspects to this challenge. The first is to realize that our power to harm the earth can in-deed have global and even permanent effects. The second is to realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. As a result, any solution to the problem will require a careful assessment of that relationship as well as the complex interrelationship among factors within civilization and between them and the major natural components of the earth's ecological system.There is only one precedent for this kind of challenge to our thinking, and again it is military. The invention of nuclear weapons and the subsequent development by the Unit-ed States and the Soviet Union of many thousands of strategic nuclear weapons forced a slow and painful recognition that the new power thus acquired forever changed not only the relationship between the two superpowers but also the relationship of humankind to the institution at war-fare itself. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations – completely and simultaneously. That sobering realization led to a careful reassessment of every aspect of our mutual relationship to the prospect of such a war. As early as 1946 one strategist concluded that strategic bombing with missiles "may well tear away the veil of illusion that has so long obscured the reality of the change in warfare – from a fight to a process of destruction.”Nevertheless, during the earlier stages of the nuclear arms race, each of the superpower s assumed that its actions would have a simple and direct effect on the thinking of the other. For decades, each new advance in weaponry was deployed by one side for the purpose of inspiring fear in the other. But each such deployment led to an effort by the other to leapfrog the first one with a more advanced deployment of its own. Slowly, it has become apparent that the problem of the nuclear arms r ace is not primarily caused by technology. It is complicated by technology, true; but it arises out of the relationship between the superpowers and is based on an obsolete understanding of what war is all about.The eventual solution to the arms race will be found, not in a new deployment by one side or the other of some ultimate weapon or in a decision by either side to disarm unilaterally , but ratter in new understandings and in a mutual transformation of the relationship itself. This transformation will involve changes in the technology of weaponry and the denial of nuclear technology to rogue states. But the key changes will be in the way we think about the institution of war far e and about the relationship between states.The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posedby changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life -- a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTESI) Al Gore: born in 1948 in Washington D. C., U. S. Senator (1984-1992) from the State of Tennessee,and U. S. Vice-President ( l 992-) under President Bill Clinton. He is the author of the book Earth in the Balance from which this piece is taken. 2) Aral Sea: inland sea and the world’s fourth largest lake, c. 26 000 sqmiles, SW Kazakhstan and NW Uzbekhstan, E of the Caspian Sea3) Great Lakes: group of five freshwater lakes, Central North America, between the United States and Canada, largest body of fresh water in the world. From west to east, they are Lake Superior,Lake Michigan,Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.4) Trans-Antarctic Mountains: mountain chain stretching across Antarctica from Victoria I and to Coats I and; separating the E Antarctic and W Antarctic subcontinents5) Clean Air Act: one of the oldest environmental laws of the U. S., as well as the most far-reaching, the costliest, and the most controversial. It was passed in 1970.6) Washington D. C.: capital of the United States. D. C. (District of Columbia).is added to distinguish it from the State of Washington and 3 other cities in the U. S bearing the sonic name.7) freeze-locking: the metal parts are frozen solid and unable to move freely8)midnight sun: phenomenon in which the sun remains visible in the sky for 24 hours or longer, occurring only in the polar regions9)global warming; The earth is getting warmer. The temperature of the earth's atmosphere and its surface is steadily rising.10) Submarine sonar tracks: the term sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging. It is used for communication between submerged submarines or between a submarine and a surface vessel, for locating mines and underwater hazards to navigation, and also as a fathometer, or depth finder.11) greenhouse (effect): process whereby heat is trapped at the surface of the earth by the atmosphere. An increase of man-made pollutants in the atmosphere will lead to a long-term warming of the earth's climate.12) Julius Caesar: (102? B. C -- 44 B. C:. ), Roman statesman and general13) Christopher Columbus: ( 1451-1506), discoverer of America, born Genoa, Italy14) Thomas Jefferson: (17-13-1826 ), 3d President of the UnitedStates(1801-1809), author of the Declaration of Independence.15) Declaration of Independence: full and formal declaration adopted July 4,1776, by representatives of the thirteen colonies in North America announcing the separation of those colonies from Great Britain and making them into the United States16)Ozone depletion: A layer of ozone in the stratosphere prevents most ultraviolet and other high-energy radiation, which is harmful to life, from penetrating to the earth's surface.Some.environmental, scientists fear that certain man-made pollutants, e.g. nitric oxide, CFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons), etc., may interfere with the delicate balance of reactions that maintains the ozone’ s concentration, possibly leading to a drastic depletion of stratospheric ozone. This is now happening in the stratosphere above the polarShips in the Desert 课文讲解/Detailed StudyShips in the Desert--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study1. Ships in the Desert [image-7]: Ships anchored in the desert. This is aneye-catching title and it gives an image that people hardly see. When readers read the title, they can’t help wondering why and how.Paragraph 1. typical example of environmental destruction[image-7]2. capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day: having the ability of cleaning and preparing for marketing or canning fifty-tons of fish on a productive day.catch: the amount of something caught; in the sentence it refers to the amount of fish caught e.g. The boat brought back a big catch of fish.3. but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects of a good catch looked bleak:a good catch did not look promising / hopeful.This is obviously an understatement because with sand all around there was no chance of catching fish, to say nothing of catching a lot of fish.bow[audio-1] : the front part of a shipant. sterncompare: bow[audio-2]: v. & n. to bend the upper part of the body forward, as away of showing respect, admitting defeat, etc.bow [audio-3]: n. a weapon for shooting arrowa long thin piece of wood with a tight string fastened along it, used for playing musical instruments that have stringsa knot formed by doubling a string or cord into two curved pieces, and used for decoration in the hair, in tying shoes, etcbleak: a) If a situation is bleak, it is bad, and seems unlikely to improve.e.g. His future looked bleak.bleak prospect; the bleakness of the post war yearsb) If a place is bleak, it looks cold, bare, and unattractivee.g. the bleak coastlinec) When the weather is bleak, it is cold, dull, and unpleasante.g. the bleak wintersd) If someone looks or sounds bleak, they seem depressed, hopeless, or unfriendlye.g. his bleak featuresbleakly adv.e.g. He stared bleakly ahead.“What,” he asked bleakly, “are these?”4. waves lapping against the side of the ship: waves touching the side of the ship gently and makes a soft sound lap can also be used as a noun.e.g. Your lap is the flat area formed by your thighs when you are sitting down. Her youngest child was asleep in her lap.He placed the baby on the woman’s lap.In a race, when you say that a competitor has completed a lap when he or she has gone round the course race.5. as far as I could see in all direction: that extended as far as the eye could see;6. that stretched all the way to the horizon: that extended to the far off place where the sky meet the earth7. comparable: something that is comparable to something else is a) as good as/ as big as/ as important as the other thing; b) similar to the other thinge.g. This dinner is comparable to the best French cooking.Our house is not comparable with yours. Ours is just a small hut while yours is a palace.8. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton in the dessert: Now it is becoming smaller and smaller because the water that used to flow into the sea has been turned away to irrigate the land created in the desert to grow cotton. The。