北京海淀区高三英语二模试卷分析

高考英语二模试卷题号I II III IV V总分得分一、单选题（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）1.Reading books，______ takes readers to other worlds，is a wonderful way to enjoy life．（ ）A. thatB. whatC. asD. which2.---What makes you a history major？---Interest．I _____ it because my high school history teacher influenced me a lot．（ ）A. lovedB. had lovedC. loveD. have loved3.The average Facebook user in the United States has 245 friends， according to Link toFacebook study．" a study ______ in February．（ ）A. publishingB. publishedC. publishD. to publish4.As the intelligence of robots increases to match ________ of humans，we may use them to expand our frontiers．（ ）A. itB. thatC. whichD. them5.---Have you received your new shoes？---Yes．And at the same time I got the jacket I _____．（ ）A. had orderedB. orderedC. have orderedD. order6. A mistake _____ have been made on our bill．We didn't order any fish today．（ ）A. shouldB. wouldC. mustD. could7.One doesn't have to look far to realize the direct connection smoking and cancer．（ ）A. ofB. withC. toD. between8.She came to Beijing on April 28，_____ Mayday's concert in the Bird's Nest．（ ）A. to expectB. expectingC. expectedD. expect9.---Is dinner ready？---Not yet．The main course ______．It needs another ten minutes．（ ）A. was not doneB. had not doneC. is not doneD. has not done10.House prices vary from place to place and are usually high _____ there are famous schools．（ ）A. whereB. sinceC. whenD. whether11.You don't need to make fancy foods to impress guests-it is something simple but good _____ will do．（ ）A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who12.More than ten people _____ in their own homes during the first 3 months of this year．（ ）A. were gassedB. had been gassedC. are gassedD. have been gassed13.I actually believe that we _____ in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month．（ ）A. would beB. would have beenC. wereD. had been14.At no time I would blame you for your being slow in your English study．（ ）A. I saidB. said IC. I did sayD. did I say15.One of the glorious moments in my school life was I was awarded the Mayor's Award．（ ）A. whyB. howC. thatD. when二、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AUntil last spring，Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood went to school on Bus 59．But as fuel prices rose，the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs ．So the school's busing company redrew its route map，canceling Nia's bus．Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a"walking school bus"-a group of kids，supervised （监护）by an adult or two，who make the walk together．Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school，partly because many did so themselves．According to a 1979 survey，nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school ，compared with only 16 percent in 2011．Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic，crime or simple bullying，but with organized adult supervision，those concerns have reduced．Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save．In rural areas where busing is a must，some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks．Busing companies instruct drivers to cancel extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling（挂空挡）．They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes，which aren't always the shortest ones．There could be disadvantages，however，to the busing cutbacks．If every formerly bused student begins walking to school，it's an environmental win-but if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead，the overall carbon footprint can grow．Replacing buses with many more parent-driven cars can also increase safety risks．A 2011 report concluded students are 13times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car，since buses have fewer accidents and withstand（承受）them better due to their size．And some students complain about the long morning hikes，particularly when the route contains a really big hill．16.In regards to walking to school，modern parents seem much concerned with the ______ ．A. safety of their kidsB. kids'physical strengthC. time spent on the wayD. changes in the route17.To save money，some schools choose to ______ ．A. shorten the school weekB. take the shortest routesC. stop using school busesD. use fuel-efficient buses18.Busing cutbacks may lead to ______ ．A. fewer complaints about long morning hikesB. more students taking public transportationC. an increase in carbon dioxide emissionsD. a decrease in the safety of school busesBA metaphor is a poetic device that deals with comparison．It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects．With a simple metaphor，one object becomes the other：Love is a rose．Although this does not sound like a particularly rich image，a metaphor can communicate so much about a particular image that poets use them more than any other type of figurative language．The reason for this is that poets compose their poetry to express what they are experiencing emotionally at that moment．Consequently，what the poet imagineslove to be may or may not be our understanding of love．Therefore，the poet's job is to enable us to experience it，to feel it the same way as the poet does．Let's analyze this remarkably simple metaphor concerning love and the rose to see what it offers．Because the poet uses a comparison with a rose，first we must examine the characteristics of that flower．A rose is impressive in its beauty，its petals（花瓣）are nicely soft，and its smell is pleasing．It's possible to say that a rose is actually a feast to the senses of sight，touch，and smell．The rose's appearance seems to border on perfection，each petal seemingly equal in form．Isn't this the way one's love should be？A loved one should be a delight to one's senses and seem perfect．However，there is another dimension added to the comparison by using a rose．Roses have thorns．The poet wants to convey the idea that roses can be tricky．So can love，the metaphor tells us．When one reaches out with absolute trust to touch the object of his or her affection，ouch，a thorn can cause great harm! "Be careful，" the metaphor warns，"Love is a feast to the senses，but it can overwhelm us，and it can also hurt us and cause acute suffering．" This is the poet's understanding of love-an admonition （劝诫）．What is the point？Just this：It took almost 14 sentences to clarify what a simple metaphor communicates in only four words! That is the artistry and the joy of the simple metaphor．19.According to the passage，a metaphor is a ______ ．A. description of two similar objects in a poetic wayB. literary device specially employed in poetry writingC. contrast between two different things to create a vivid imageD. comparison between two different objects with similar features20.As is meant by the author，thorns of a rose ______ ．A. add a new element to the image of loveB. protect the rose from harmC. symbolize reduced loveD. cause acute suffering21.It can be inferred from the passage that a metaphor is ______ ．A. difficult to understandB. rich in meaningC. simple to useD. perfect in form22.The main idea of this passage is that ______ ．A. love is a rose in metaphorB. a rose is a good image in poetryC. a metaphor is a great poetic deviceD. a poet should be careful to use a metaphorCOn my first job as a sports editor for the Montpelier Leader Enterprise，I didn't get a lot of fan mail，so I was intrigued by a letter plopped on my desk one morning．The envelope bore the logo of the closest big-city paper，the Toledo Blade．When I opened it，I read："Sweet piece of writing on the Tigers．Keep up the good work．"It was signed by Don Wolfe，the sports editor．Because I was a teenager （being paid the grand total of 15 cents a column inch），his words could not have been more exciting．I kept the letter in my desk drawer until it got rag-eared．Whenever I doubted I had the right stuff to be a writer，I would reread Don's note and walk on air again．Later，when I got to know him，I learned that Don made a habit of writing a quick，encouraging word to people in all walks of life．"When I make others feel good aboutthemselves，" he told me，"I feel good，too．"Why are upbeat note writers in such short supply？My guess is that many who shy away from the practice are too self-conscious．They are afraid they will be misunderstood，soundold-fashioned or flattering．Also，writing takes time and it is far easier to pick up the phone ．The drawback with phone calls，of course，is that they do not last．A note attaches more importance to our well-wishing．It is a matter of record，and our words can be read more than once，appreciated，and treasured．What does it take to write notes that lift spirits and warm hearts？Perhaps just a desire and a willingness to express our appreciation．The most successful people write notes that are short on words and long on feeling，sincere，short，specific，and usually spontaneous in nature．It is difficult to be spontaneous，however，when you have to hunt for letter writing materials；so，keep paper，envelopes，and stamps close at hand，even when you travel ．Fancy stationery is not necessary；it's the thought that counts．So，who around you deserves a note of thanks or approval？A neighbor，your librarian，a relative，your mate，a teacher，or your doctor？You do not need to be poetic．If you need a reason，look for a milestone，the anniversary of a special event you shared，a birthday，or holiday，and do not hold back your praise．Such words as："greatest，" "smartest，" "prettiest" make us all feel good．Even if your praises run a little ahead of reality ，remember that expectations are often the parents of dreams fulfilled．23.On seeing the letter on the desk，the author felt ______ ．A. annoyedB. curiousC. doubtfulD. shocked24.According to the author，many people don't write upbeat notes mainly because they are______ ．A. afraid of being out of dateB. too shy to flatter othersC. prepared to make phone callsD. too concerned about what others think25.It can be learned from the last paragraph that ______ ．A. praises often run ahead of realityB. praises help in pursuing a dreamC. parents often write upbeat notesD. parents expect children's success26.What might be the suitable title for the passage？______A. The Power of a Positive NoteB. Notes Help to Fulfill DreamsC. The Necessity of Writing NotesD. Note or Phone，Your Own ChoiceDHomeownership has let us down．For generations，Americans believed that owning a home was undoubtedly good．Our political leaders hammered home the point．Franklin Roosevelt held that a country of homeowners was "unconquerable．" Homeownership could even save babies，save children，save families and save America．A house with a lawn and a fence wasn't just a nice place to live in or a risk-free investment；it was a way to transform a nation ．No wonder leaders of all political types wanted to spend more than $100 billion a year on subsidies and tax breaks to encourage people to buy．But the dark side of homeownership is now all too apparent：Indeed，easy lendingstimulated by the cult of homeownership may have triggered the financial crisis．Housing remains a drag on the economy．Existing-home sales in April dropped 27% from the prior month，worsening fears of a double-dip．And all that is just the obvious tale of a housing bubble and what happened when it popped．The real story is deeper and darker still．For the better part of a century，politics，industry and culture lined up to create a fetish of the idea of buying a house．Homeownership has done plenty of good over the decades；it has provided stability to tens of millions of families．Yet by idealizing the act of buying a home，we have ignored the downsides．In the bubble years，lending standards slipped dramatically，allowing many Americans to put far too much of their income into paying for their housing．And we ignored longer-term phenomena too．Homeownership contributed to the hollowing out of cities and kept renters out of the best neighborhoods．It fed America's overuse of energy and oil．It made it more difficult for those who had lost a job to find another．Perhaps worst of all，it helped us become casually self-deceiving：By telling ourselves that homeownership was a pathway to wealth and stable communities and better test scores，we avoided dealing with these frightening issues head-on．Now，as the U．S．recovers from the biggest housing bust（破产）since the Great Depression，it is time to rethink how realistic our expectations of homeownership are-and how much money we want to spend chasing them．Many argue that homeownership should not be a goal pursued at all costs．27.Political leaders wanted to spend money encouraging people to buy houses because______ ．A. owning a home was undoubtedly goodB. homeownership was unconquerableC. houses could save families and AmericaD. homeownership could shape a country28.The underlined sentence in Para．2 means ______ ．A. homeownership has quite a lot of bad effectsB. there might be another housing breakdown in the U．S．C. the existing-home sales will keep decreasing in the U．S．D. the result of homeownership is much worse than it appears29.It can be inferred from Para．3 that ______ ．A. it is hard for Americans to get a home loanB. it is the way to wealth to have one's own houseC. many Americans choose to live out of urban areasD. homeownership has made many people out of work30.What is the author's attitude towards homeownership？______A. Favorable．B. Ambiguous．C. Cautious．D. Optimistic．三、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）"Look it up in the dictionary"is the usual comment when people are in doubt about the meaning or spelling of a word．Dictionaries are considered the final authority on these matters as well as on pronunciations and other facts about a word．Until a few hundred years ago，however，people could not"look it up"because there were no English dictionaries．The ancient Greeks and Romans and the scholars of the Middle Ages had made lists of Latin and Greek words．(1) The first great English dictionary listing both common and uncommon words was written by Samuel Johnson in 1755．In America，the most famous name in dictionary writing is that of Noah Webster．He stressed American rather than British ways of speaking．His great dictionary，which first appeared in 1828，has been republished many times．(2) The latest edition is stillconsidered"the"dictionary．It defines over 450，000 words，including radar，television and many others undreamed of by Webster．(3) The huge ones that rest on stands in libraries are called unabridged，meaning"not shortened．"They tell not only a word's meaning and spelling but also its pronunciation，origin ，history，part of speech，grammatical forms，and ways of use．The smaller ones do not provide all this information．(4) A bilingual dictionary，such as a Spanish-English dictionary，translates words from one language into another．A thesaurus lists other words that mean the same as each listed word．A gazetteer lists place names，and a glossary is a small dictionary in a book defining technical words in that book．There are also dictionaries of scientific terms and ones on many other topics．There is even a dictionary of slang．(5) The dictionary is one of our most valuable language tools．A．Each time，it has been updated．B．General dictionaries are not the only kind．C．Thus there are many kinds of special dictionaries．D．In a general dictionary，each word may have multiple meanings．E．Dictionaries that list all kinds of words are known as general dictionaries．F．Over the previous 150 years more than 20dictionaries had been published．G．But it was not until 1604that a book of uncommon English words appeared．31. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G32. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G33. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G34. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G35. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G四、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）Education from My Father My memories of my father are slim because he was so sick in the last years of his life．But there are(36)that I am often reminded of and which may have had some bearing on my love of(37)．When I was small I was somewhat(38) of lightning and thunder．My father explained it．The explanation was in(39) that a child could understand but was basically correct．I gained a better (40)later，but I didn't have to unlearn anything．What he said was that there was electricity in the cloud(41)it traveled to the ground like a spark ．When it traveled(42)the air it made the air so hot that it(43)．Then there was nothing where the air had been and the air all around rushed in to(44) the space．He clapped his hands together very loud，(45)to be the air rushing in，and said that makes the thunder．When I hear thunder，I can still hear that (46)．He explained why if it was cloudy in the winter the night was warmer than if it was(47)．It was one of those nights when the sky was full of stars：no moon，no town lights．But there were more stars than you could (48)and they had color too．He said that if there were no clouds，we had no blankets and were(49) to the universe．Our warmth was going to (50)the whole universe．When there were clouds，they were like blankets and we were not exposed to the universe．I (51) feel on the edge of space on a very clear night．I am sure there were many other lessons that I(52) but no longer remember．What I did(53)，in general，was that there were explanations and that the more I understood the m，the more comfortable the world was to live in．I was not taught that there were (54)but that there was understanding if you looked for it．This may be why I have always been(55) in science．36. A. others B. few C. some D. all37. A. science B. nature C. weather D. universe38. A. sure B. fond C. tired D. afraid39. A. depth B. words C. gestures D. data40. A. understanding B. knowledge C. command D. confidence41. A. but B. and C. for D. or42. A. above B. to C. along D. through43. A. shone B. burned C. expanded D. broke44. A. fill B. make C. avoid D. break45. A. trying B. proving C. hoping D. pretending46. A. clap B. remark C. voice D. crash47. A. cold B. bright C. clear D. foggy48. A. explore B. foresee C. imagine D. identify49. A. committed B. exposed C. related D. led50. A. heat B. protect C. extend D. light51. A. ever B. also C. even D. still52. A. selected B. arranged C. absorbed D. delivered53. A. consider B. promise C. explain D. learn54. A. memories B. blankets C. mysteries D. thunders55. A. engaged B. interested C. successful D. skillful五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）56.假设你是某校高二（1）班学生李华．下面是你校布告栏里张贴的"征集接待家庭"的通知，请根据其内容用英语写一封申请信．词数不少于60．注意：信的开头和结尾已经给出（不计入词数）．HOST FAMILIES WANTEDTeachers and students from Central High School Phoenix will study in our sc hool during the summer vacation．Host families are wanted to accommodate o ur friends．REQUIREMENTS：◇Good English．◇Good communication skills．◇A SEPARATE room．◇Convenient transportation．◇…If interested，please send your APPLICATION IN ENGLISH to the International Departm ent before THURSDAY．Please consult us for any further information．Dear Sir/Madam，I am Li Hua from Class One，Senior Two．I would appreciate it if my application is taken into account．Yours sincerely，Li Hua．57.请根据下面提示，写一篇短文．词数不少于50．In your spoken English class，your teacher shows you the following picture．You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it．答案和解析1.【答案】D【解析】答案：D题干中takes readers to other worlds是修饰reading books的一个定语从句；从句中缺少主语，要用关系代词；句意指代的一件事，要用which来引导．故选：D．读书可以把读者带到另外的世界，这是一种很好的享受生活的方式．定语从句是用来修饰名词的形容词性从句，相当于一个形容词．连接定语从句的引导词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在从句中要作主语或宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语．这也是选择关系词的一个判断方法．2.【答案】C【解析】答案是C．对话整体用的是一般现在时，并且"喜欢历史"也是一个客观存在的事实，所以答案选C ．故选：C．-是什么使你把历史当作你的专业的？-兴趣，我的大学历史老师对我影响很深，所以我喜欢历史．本题考查一般现在时，根据对话的意义和语境，就很容易确定本题应该用一般现在时．3.【答案】B【解析】答案：B．考查非谓语动词．本句中，study与publish之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词．published 是过分词作后置定语．故选：B．根据Link to Facebook二月份发表的一项研究，美国的Facebook用户平均有245个朋友．处理非谓语动词类题目时，一看有没有谓语动词，二看主被动关系，三看复合结构，结合句意，做出准确判断．4.【答案】B【解析】答案：B 题干中指代的是intelligence智慧，抽象名词；it指代同一事物，that 指代抽象名词，which引导从句，them指代复数．that指代抽象名词时，后常有of短语修饰．故选：B．因为机器人的智慧增长得可以和人类相媲美，我们也许可以用它们去开拓我们未知的领域．代词用法灵活．学习时，要注意积累．特别是相似用法，要注意区分和掌握．特别是one ，it，that比较容易混淆的，one指代同类事物中的任意一个；it指代同一事物；that指代不可数名词．5.【答案】A【解析】答案：A根据句意可知，空缺处的动作"我订购夹克"应发生在"I got the jacket （一般过去时）"之前；因此此处表示发生在过去之前的动作，应使用过去完成时；B．一般过去时，表示发生在过去的动作或状态；C．现在完成时，表示过去的动作或状态持续到了现在；D．一般现在时，表示现阶段发生的经常性或习惯性的动作或状态；因此B．C．D都不合句意，故选：A．---你收到你的新鞋了吗？---是的，同时我还收到了我订购的夹克．本题考查了过去完成时的用法（had+done）．做本题的关键是要根据句意，判断出该动作发生的时间是在过去的过去；另外，还应了解各时态所表达的具体意义以及它们之间的用法区别．6.【答案】C【解析】答案：C 句意表达的是肯定推测；对过去事实的推测，用情态动词加完成时态；句中We didn't order any fish today表达事实，要用must表达肯定的推测．故选：C．我们的账单一定搞错了，今天我们没有点鱼（这道菜）．情态动词的用法是英语中常考的语言点．通常考查的方式有虚拟和推测，本题考查的是情态动词的推测用法．学习时要注意积累．7.【答案】D【解析】答案：D题干中smoking and cancer表示两个事物；connection联系，通常与with/to连用，后接某个事物；句意表达的是两者之间的联系，故选：D．一个人不需要有什么远见就能明白吸烟和癌症之间的直接联系．介词用法灵活，搭配较多．学习时要注意积累，对常考的搭配结构要注意掌握．8.【答案】B【解析】答案：B题干中有逗号分隔，要用非谓语动词；句中expect与she之间构成主谓关系，要用主动；句意表达的expect动作是表示伴随状态，故选：B．她在四月二十八号来到北京，期待着在鸟巢主办的五一音乐会．现在分词是非谓语动词的一种，表达主动或进行；过去分词表达被动或完成；动词不定式表达未发生的动作．学习时，要注意区分和掌握．9.【答案】C【解析】答案选C结合上下文句义，main course和动词do应该是被动关系，排除BD，对话整体用的是一般现在时，故正确答案应该选C．故选：C．-晚饭准备好了吗？-还没有，主菜还没做，还得十分钟．本题考查一般现在时的被动语态，解答本题时首先分析主语和动词的关系，确定句子的语态，然后结合上下文的意思和所用的时态，选出正确答案．10.【答案】A【解析】答案：A 题干中there are famous schools是修饰house prices的一个定语从句；从句结构完整，要用关系副词；句意表达的是地点，故选：A．房价各地不一样，有名校的地方通常很高．定语从句是用来修饰名词的形容词性从句，相当于一个形容词．连接定语从句的引导词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在从句中要作主语或宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语．这也是选择关系词的一个判断方法．11.【答案】B【解析】答案是B．这是一个强调句型，强调句的特点是去掉It is/was 和that/who句子不缺成分，强调句的结构为"It is/was+被强调部分+that/who…"，本题强调句子的主语something simple but good，所以用that．故选：B．你不必做一些奢华的食物来给客人留下深刻的印象，只要一些简单但可口的东西就可以了．本题考查强调句，首先要分析这个句子的成分，确定它是一个强调句，然后弄清强调句的结构，选出正确答案．12.【答案】A【解析】答案为A，根据时间状语 during the first 3 months of this year，可以得知这是一个过去的动作，应该用一般过去时，gas在这里是动词，意为"中毒，毒死"句子的主语people应该是"被毒死"所以用被动语态，故选：A．在今年的前三个月里有十多个人在自己的家里煤气中毒．本题考查一般过去式的被动语态，先根据时间状语确定句子的时态，再分析主语与动词的关系，选出正确答案．13.【答案】A【解析】答案：A题干中if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month是对过去事实的相反假设，是虚拟结构；主句中有时间状语now，说明是对现在的虚拟；对现在的虚拟，主句用情态动词加动词原形．故选：A．事实上我相信如果不是你上个月被抓了醉驾，我们现在就在西安了．虚拟语气是表示与事实相反的假设，构成方式有：对现在或将来，条件句中用一般过去时态，主语用情态动词加动词原形；对过去，条件句中用过去完成时态，主语用情态动词加完成时态．学习时，要牢记构成方式．14.【答案】D【解析】答案：D题干中at no time绝不，从来不，是表示否定的副词短语，位于句首时，句子要部分倒装；谓语say是实意动词，句意表示的是过去，要添加did来构成倒装．故选：D．我从来没有说过我会因为你英语学习进步缓慢而责备你．倒装句是常用的特殊句式之一．分为完全倒装和部分倒装．部分倒装又分为：否定副词位于句首，only加状语提前，句式倒装等．内容较多，学习时要注意掌握．15.【答案】D【解析】答案：D题干中I was awarded the Mayor's Award是作系动词的表语，是一个表语从句；why表示原因，how表示方式，that表示事实，when表示时间；句意表达的是时间moments，故选：D．我的校园生活最光荣的时刻之一是当我获得了市长奖的时候．在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句．根据它们在句中的语法作用，这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句．16.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】A【小题3】C【解析】56．A．细节理解题．根据文章第二段最后一句Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic，crime or simple bullying，but with organized adult supervision，those concerns have reduced．可知现代父母亲担心孩子单独上学的安全问题．故A正确．57．A．细节理解题．根据第三段1，2句Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save．In rural areas where busing is a must，some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks．可知有些学校为了节约成本，减少了school week，从5天变成4天．故A正确．58．C．推理判断题．根据最后一段第二句but if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead，the carbon footprint can grow．可知如果父母亲没有让孩子步行上学，而是开车送孩子上学，那样反而会增加会环境的破坏．故C正确．本文介绍了一些学校为了减少校车成本，减少了校车运营次数或者时间，有部分学生就开始步行上学．同时讨论了这样做的另外一种可能性．考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．19.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】A【小题3】B【小题4】C【解析】1．D 细节理解题．根据第一段第二句"It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects"可知，隐喻指具备类似性质的两个不同物体之间的比较．故答案为D．2．A 推理判断题．根据最后一段"The poet wants to convey the idea that roses can be tricky ．So can love，the metaphor tells us．When one reaches out with absolute trust to touch the object of his or her affection，ouch，a thorn can cause great harm!"Be careful，"the metaphor warns，"Love is a feast to the senses ，but it can overwhelm us，and it can also hurt us and cause acute suffering．""可知，作者用玫瑰上的刺来说明爱的另一面，即会伤害到我们，由此可看出：玫瑰或爱有美好的一面也有不好的一面，也就是说给"爱"赋予另外一个新的形象（会给人带来伤痛），故选A．3．B 推理判断题．根据文章第二段及三段中主要内容和从文章的倒数第二句"It took almost 14sentences to clarify what a simple metaphor communicates in only four wor ds!That is the artistry and the joy of the simple metaphor．"可知，这四个简简单单的单词却涵盖了将近14个句子的意思．由此可知，隐喻所包含的意思丰富．故答案为B．4．C 主旨大意题．通读全文可知，本文主要以"love is a rose"为例详细解释了隐喻在诗歌中的作用，故选C本文是一篇文学艺术类题材的阅读，主要是以"love is a rose"为例详细，解释了隐喻在诗歌中的作用．隐喻指具备类似性质的两个不同物体之间的比较，隐喻所包含的意思丰富．阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．23.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】B【小题4】A【解析】1．B．细节理解题．由第一段so I was intrigued by a letter plopped on my desk one morning，可知我对这些堆在我桌子上的信件很好奇，故选B．2．D．细节理解题．由第五段many who shy away from the practice are too self-conscious ．They are afraid they will be misunderstood，这些人非常难为情，并且担心被人误解，可知他们都太在意别人的看法，故选D．3．B．推理判断题．由最后一句话Even if your praises run a little ahead of reality，remember that expectations are often the parents of dreams fulfilled，即使你的称赞有一点脱离现实，也要记得，期望是使梦想成熟的母亲．可以推知，赞美可以促进人们追寻梦想．故选B．4．A．主旨归纳题．由全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了鼓励性的语言对于他人的影响．故选A．文章主要讲述了他人的看法对于一个人的影响，尤其是称赞的语言，可以鼓励一个人追求梦想．我们应该感想鼓励我们的人，也应该去称赞鼓励他人．阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．27.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】D【小题3】C【小题4】C【解析】1．D．细节题．根据第一段后三行it was a way to shape a nation．No wonder leaders of all political types wanted to spend more than $100 billion a year on subsidies（补助）and tax breaks to encourage people to buy．提到这是塑造一个国家的方式，难怪所有的政治家愿意在住房补助和对逃税者的惩罚上耗费一千亿美元来鼓励人们去购买住房；说明homeownership是如此的重要，甚至能够塑造一个国家，故D正确．2．D．推理题．根据本段后4行Existing-home sales in April dropped 27% from the previous month，worsening fears of a double-dip．And all that is just the obvious tale of a housing bubble and what happened when it popped．The real story is deeper and darker still．在四月份目前的房屋销售与上一个月相比下降了27%，说明现在的homeownership已经给社会经济带来了很多负面的影响，引起了经济危机，所引起的问题要比表面上更加严重，故D正确．3．C．推断题．根据第三段7，8行Homeownership contributed to the hollowing out of cities and kept renters out of the best neighborhoods．说明很多美国人都走出了城市，离开了最好的街区，住到了乡下去．故C说法正确．4． C．推理题．作者在文章中客观的讲述了homeownership的好处以及给我们的社会带来的不好的地方，说明他对于homeownership的态度是很谨慎小心的．故C说法正确．本文客观地讲述了私房屋主给我们带来的好处与坏处，讲述了私房屋主的重要性．做阅读理解时要快速的浏览全文，把握文章主旨大意，带着问题回到原文，寻找细节或。

北京市海淀区2022届高三英语二模试题（含解析）本试卷共10页，120分。

考试时长100分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分)第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

During my childhood, whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I would climb the mountain near our house. Walking together, we had a lot of conversations through ___1___ I learned many valuable lessons. He always stressed to me, “You should have objectives and capacity like the mountain.This has ___2___ (large) influenced my life. ___3___ the mountain-climbing, we couldn't have had enough time to spend together because my father was busy.【答案】1. which2. largely3. Without【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。

短文叙述了作者在童年时期，总会和父亲一起爬上，路上进行交谈，从与父亲的交谈中，作者学到了很多有价值的东西。

这极大地影响了作者的生活。

【1题详解】考查定语从句。

句意：一起散步时，我们交谈了很多内容，我从中学到了很多有价值的东西。

海淀区高三二模分析与高考复习建议张海翔高三毕业班的同学们：你们好！在“非典”疫情严重的情况下，同学们不能到学校的考场参加海淀区高三英语期末统练（二模试卷），而要依靠自己在家或其它场合解答试卷，并且也没有老师在考后进行分析试卷，答疑解惑。

这势必造成同学们的许多困惑：我到底考得怎么样？我到底错在哪？出错的原因是什么？二模试卷的作用是什么？我怎样依靠自己进行复习？对此，本文将从命题指导思想、典型试卷分析、复习建议三个方面尽力作出简要答复。

一．命题指导思想1．二模试卷命题主要是以年高考英语试卷（北京卷）考试说明为依据，）并且依据了《高中英语教案大纲》，但是不拘泥于《教案大纲》（教案大纲是对高中教案的基本要求，如词汇要求为左右、阅读速度要求每分钟词等）。

）同时也参照了新的英语课程标准中的知识能力要求和词汇要求（词汇，听、读、写技能要求更高）。

）不仅在命题思路和命题原则上，而且在考试内容和形式上，力争与年高考英语试卷（北京卷）考试说明中的样题保持一致（试卷结构、题型、题量、评分等）。

2．在一模的基础上，进一步扩大语言知识考查范围。

二模试卷在知识范围的考查上与一模试卷为互补关系。

主要体现在：1）听力和阅读选材广泛，语篇的话题尽量不重复（如：听力语篇；完形语篇和阅读的五篇文章；以及书面表达的两个话题）。

2）词汇进一步扩大，并且尽量引用和考查《考试说明》中新填加的个单词（如：听力中的，单项中的，完形中的, ，阅读中的, …）。

3）补充考查基础语法知识（冠词；连词；时态；过去分词作状语；情态动词表示推测等。

书面表达第一题中的过去进行时的运用）。

3．进一步全面考查听、读、写技能。

二模试卷在基本技能的考查上与一模试卷为互补关系。

例如：1）听力技能（如：听数字，和听动作顺序；听说话人的感受、看法；和通过语气，理解话语的深层含义，等）。

2）阅读技能（如：阅读理解部分的第题数字计算技能，第题—段落主旨归纳技能，第题—句意理解技能等）。

2024北京海淀高三二模英语2024.05本试卷共10页，100分。

考试时长90分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Movement is our first language;I believe we’re born to dance.I’ve always had a special liking for dance,and my job.I got great1working in the therapeutic(治疗的)world;it felt more like a calling.I enjoyed every moment;my purpose and mission2me.My highlights are when I’ve witnessed once dull and hopeless eyes light up when the person felt seen,heard,and accepted.Then,ill health struck.As my health declined progressively,I had to stop doing what I loved.3,all I had was being able to facilitate the occasional workshop when opportunity and energy aligned(一致).Chronic fatigue syndrome(慢性疲劳综合症)is a merciless beast.In2020,the unimaginable happened.In addition to soul-destroying feeling of being4,I began experiencing frequent vocal challenges of varying degrees.I could no longer accept facilitation invitations because my5was now unreliable.I grieved,feeling like I was being swallowed by a damp,dark fog.After an extended period of being in self-pity,I6my thinking.I have internal value.My value or identity is not7by what I can or cannot do.Regarding my health journey,in time,I8this:it is what it is. For this season,this is my path.So,I started dancing again.Life is full of surprises,pleasant,unpleasant,and neutral,yet what matters is how we9to those surprises.Despite ongoing voice loss and health challenges,I found new ways to make a difference.You and I may not be able to choose the10life plays for us;however,we do get to choose how we will dance to it.May we dance with strength,courage,and grace.1.A.fame B.surprise C.pleasure D.inspiration2.A.fuelled B.attracted C.instructed D.calmed3.A.Simply B.Particularly C.Eventually D.Apparently4.A.tired B.annoyed C.disappointed D.injured5.A.mind B.sight C.sense D.voice6.A.discovered B.adjusted C.abandoned D.controlled7.A.ignored B.selected C.defined D.assisted8.A.accepted B.recalled C.questioned D.expected9.A.refer B.appeal C.turn D.respond10.A.role B.music C.joke D.game第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

2020/6/102020年北京海淀区高三二模英语试卷2020年北京海淀区高三二模英语试卷(详解)一、语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）2.You have probably dreamed about 1 you would change the world, only tofind that it seems impossible. However, you may have the power 2 （make）theworld better with baby steps. That's the idea behind the BA Challenge, which is a publicservice campaign co-initiated by Alibaba and Sina Weibo. It asks people to dosomething positive and then record the changes before and after. Since itsfirst 3 （appear）on Sina Weibo on Sept. 2, the BA Challenge has attractedmillions of viewers and participants. 4 these little things may be easily ignored innd 1.【答案】1 ：2 ：3 ：【解析】During my childhood, whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, myfather and I would climb the mountain near our house. Walking together, we had a lotof conversations through 1 I learned many valuable lessons. He always stressed tome, "You should have objectives and capacity like the mountain." Thishas 2 （large）influenced my life. 3 the mountain-climbing, we couldn'thave had enough time to spend together because my father was busy.which ; largely ; Without考查定语从句。

2023届北京市海淀区高三下学期二模英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________7．A．approved B．found C．updated D．born 8．A．catch up with B．put up with C．make sense of D．take advantage of9．A．risking B．boosting C．assessing D．monitoring 10．A．family B．community C．culture D．history二、用单词的适当形式完成短文三、阅读理解Whether you’re managing medications,daily vitamins or other oral treatments,LiveFine takes the guesswork out of your routine with the ultimate efficiency and reliability system.This WiFi-enabled Smart Organizer makes taking,tracking,and managing your medication simple—easy dosage templates(药剂模板)allow you to dispense(分配)pills anywhere from once up to nine times a day.28spacious sections hold multiple pills,tablets, and capsules in each part,removing the need for regular refills,which is perfect for prescriptions,supplements,vitamins,aspirin,antibiotics,etc.The user guide provides comprehensive instructions for how to set up.In short,just fill the slots,install your preferred rings,and receive alerts.You can even customize audio and visual device alerts—plus notifications,alarms,and reminders and make missed doses a thing of the past!Just choose from multiple unique device alarm tones and adjust the volume to meet your precise needs.Use the LiveFine mobile app reminders for added reliability,which takes patient monitoring to another level,with notifications when medications are taken or the dispenser cover is opened.Plus,the app provides simple review of past doses,with times recorded for each administered dose and an ultra-convenient remote monitoring option to help your family members and caregivers check on your progress straight from their phones.When the need for information technology service arises,it can be a stressful moment—the user is locked out of their computer,or a program isn’t working properly.But if you ask anyone in the MIT departments of Chemistry and Physics,or the News Office—the Institute divisions that are fortunate enough to have Greg Walton as their IT service provider, they’ll acknowledge that not only is Walton the best,but whatever the issue is,he will see it through until all involved are satisfied with the outcome.Walton usually arrives on the scene with endless positive energy that transforms a technical annoyance into an enjoyable interaction,regardless of how many other IT fires he has already put out that day.The qualities that make him a star employee extend far beyond the campus.After spending his early years in foster care,Walton lived with his great-grandmother,but mostly, he was left to support himself.While many children might,understandably,lie flat under such unsupervised circumstances,Walton excelled academically and athletically at high school.He became the first person in his family to graduate from high school,and enrolled in college.Walton seized the chance to enroll in Year Up,a program aiming to close the “opportunity divide”by providing young adults with the skills,experience,and support that will empower them to reach their potential through professional careers and higher education. Walton remains an active ambassador for the organization.In June of2007,armed with shining recommendations,Walton was hired as a temp(临时工)at MIT.He eventually worked his way up to where he is today—an invaluable asset(不可或缺的人)to three departments.“I do feel lucky to work at MIT,”he says.“I’ve had the ability to tour the country sharing my story in hopes that some people may be inspired and employers may see young adults with tough backgrounds differently.”In addition to Year Up,he is involved with a number of organizations committed to helping young adults overcome their troubled pasts.This desire to have a positive impact on people’s lives extends seamlessly into his work at MIT.“Giving back is very important to me,”Walton says.“So many people have invested their time and energy into helping me,so I feel it would be an injustice not to do so.”24．Staff members in MIT sing high praise for Walton mainly because________.A．he enjoys interacting with his clientsB．he knows how to put out fires for othersC．he solves problems with a positive attitudeD．he is good at developing computer programs25．What do we know about Walton before he went to college?A．He depended on his great-grandma for a living.B．He stood out in study and sports in high school.C．He lay flat just like other unsupervised children.D．He was supported by foster care for better education.26．Why did Walton get involved with a lot of organizations?A．To share his troubled past with young adults.B．To pay back to society by helping young adults.C．To advise businesses to treat young adults fairly.D．To promote education equality among young adults.27．What can we conclude from Walton’s story?A．One good turn deserves another.B．Opportunities favor the prepared mind.C．Education is a powerful weapon to change the world.D．One’s future is defined by his efforts,not by his origin.Even people who tend to think conventionally,such as accountants,can be creative,a recent study suggests,if they can look at emotional situations in a different light.In a set of experiments,researchers found that conventional thinkers came up with more creative ideas than peers after they practised“emotional reappraisal”.This means viewing a situation through another emotional lens,such as trying to see an anger-inducing event as one that is neutral or hopeful.The study indicates that creativity is something that can be trained.“Whenever we break away from our existing perspective and try to think about something that’s different from our initial reaction,there’s a creative element to it.If we can practise or train that flexible-thinking muscle,it may help us be more creative over time,”said lead author Lily Zhu,an assistant professor at Washington State University.For the study,Zhu and her colleagues conducted two similar experiments.In the first experiment with335people recruited through a crowdsourcing platform,the participants were first ranked on their openness levels and then shown a film scene designed to elicit(引起)anger.While viewing,they were given different instructions:to suppress their emotions,to think about something else to distract themselves or to try emotional reappraisal—looking at the scene through another lens.Some were also given no instruction on how to regulate their feelings.After viewing the film,the participants were asked to come up with an idea to use an empty space in their building.Those ideas were then evaluated by a panel of experts who did not know anything about the participants.Ideas such as using the space for“napping capsules”were considered highly creative whereas ideas like opening a similar cafeteria as before were considered low in creativity.The next experiment had a different group of177participants write about an experience that made them angry.They were then tasked with either writing about it again from a different emotional perspective or writing about something else as a distraction.In both experiments,conventional thinking participants who tried emotional reappraisal came up with more creative ideas than other conventional thinkers who used suppression, distraction or no emotional regulation strategy at all.Notably,for participants who were considered creative thinkers to begin with,emotional reappraisal did not seem to have much effect on their creativity.As to the implications of the study,Zhu suggested that supervisors in workplace should develop trainings to cultivate creative thinking skills in employees.Individuals can also practise emotional reappraisal when confronted with a crisis or challenge instead of suppressing negative emotions.28．Which of the following is most probably an example of emotional reappraisal?A．Considering an occurrence objectively.B．Taking one’s success as an opportunity.C．Distracting oneself from an annoying event.D．Regarding disappointment as a turning point.29．From the study,we know that________.A．creative thinkers’creativity was enhanced after practising emotional reappraisalB．evaluating experts had adequate information about the research subjectsC．the research findings could be applied to the training of employeesD．the first experiment aimed to select the most creative design30．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Change Feelings to Boost CreativityB．Effective Strategies to Manage EmotionsC．Think Over to Explore Creative PotentialD．A New Way to Remove Negative EmotionsAs we enter a period of profound economic uncertainty,presaged(预示)by recent high-profile layoffs and a culture of“quiet quitting”,thinking about the future of work might well seem a daunting(令人生畏的)prospect.Indeed,an ever-increasing digital skills gap threatens to stop businesses adopting the game-changing technologies that will help to power growth in the months and years ahead. For instance,with each exciting new technology comes a growing concern about whether we have a digitally savvy(精明的)workforce ready to take advantage of it.After all,keeping the workforce up to speed with the latest advances is a key element of the digital transformation process,which will prove essential if we hope to improve business productivity and efficiency alongside our efforts to achieve sustained growth.Likewise,at the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting in Davos,the cybersecurity skills gap was named as one particular area of concern.There’s good reason for this focus:if businesses can’t protect themselves against external threats,they risk going backwards.And that’s before they even start thinking about achieving growth.This is why we need to address the digital skills gap urgently.Well,we should start by changing the narrative to help us recruit and retain from a more diverse pool of talent,giving businesses a far better chance of finding the up-to-date digital skills they need.And,when it comes to engaging and empowering the current workforce, learning and development opportunities will be key,helping employees to improve their skills for the benefit of both themselves and their employers.To make this all happen,leaders and employers must demonstrate a commitment to teaching their workforces digital skills by setting clear expectations and providing all the resources required.One approach,for example,would be to focus on the potential in the existing talent pool by identifying those already skilled in digital capabilities and supporting them to upskill their colleagues.Creating a culture of learning,with an emphasis on personal growth,can be an impressive motivator in the workplace.Of course,it’s all well and good saying that digital skills are vital,but a workforce with purely hard skills will not future-proof a business.There’s a need for soft skills that support四、七选五maintain water levels and ecosystems.六、其他应用文44．假设你是红星中学高三“传统文化社”社长李华。

北京海淀区2019届高三二模英语模拟试题第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）ASpring is coming. Everything is waking from its winter sleep. The fields___1___(dress) in a fresh robe of green. The wild flowers begin to peep forth(隐隐露出). Birds sing among the trees, and begin to get their nests ready ___2___ summer. Men are now sowing seeds in the fields. The days are ___3___(warm), for brighter sunshine has come again. Everything is full of life and joy.【答案】1. are dressed2. for3. warmer【解析】这是一篇记叙文。

文章记叙了春天来到，万物复苏的景象。

【1题详解】考查时态，语态。

田野上穿着一件新鲜的绿色长袍。

dress意为“给……穿衣服”。

表示“穿着……”，应用be dressed结构。

根据前两句可知，该空应用一般现在时态。

且主语是复数名词fields，故填are dressed。

【2题详解】考查介词。

ready常和介词for搭配，表示“为……做好准备”，故填介词for。

【3题详解】考查形容词比较级。

根据后面的brighter sunshine可知，该句表达：因为更明亮的阳光又来了，所以天更暖和了。

且该空作表语，故填形容词的比较级warmer。

BAstronauts are people who go out into space. Being an astronaut is an exciting job. While in space, astronauts can look down and see ___4___（cloud）, land, and water. They can even see the moon up close. Astronauts get the chance ___5___(see) more stars than you or I have ever seen. Being an astronaut may be exciting, ___6___ it is not an easy job. A person who ___7___(want) to be an astronaut has to study for years. There are many things an astronaut must learn to do before going into space.【答案】4. clouds5. to see6. but7. wants【解析】这是一篇记叙文。

海淀区高三年级第二学期期末练习英语试卷本试卷共12页，共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

注意事项：1．考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

2．答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写。

3．答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，将选中项涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准，修改时用橡皮擦除干净。

非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. We’d better go now, ______ we’ll mis s the train.A. butB. soC. otherwiseD. therefore【答案】C22. —I dropped by at 6:00pm yesterday but failed to see you at your house.—I ______ in a gym at that time.A. was exercisingB. am exercisingC. have exercisedD. had exercised【答案】A【解析】考查过去进行时态。

句意:——昨天下午六点我顺便拜访了你，但是你没有在家。

——那个时间我正在体育馆锻炼。

根据时间关键词 at that time可知，用过去进行时态，故选A。

23. —Do you have ______ ready for the spring outing?—No, I still have to buy some fruit.A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing【答案】A【解析】考查代词。

2021年北京海淀外国语实验学校高中部高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATop Music Festivals in 2021CoachellaSelling out fast every year, the Indio desert becomes a fashionable place where the coolest bands are watched by trendy people and celebrities. Near the top of everyone's bucket list of festivals, Coachella is a constant source of annual expectation and a hotbed for musical discussion.When &. where: April 9-11 &. 16-18, 2021; IndioUltra Music FestivalSeen as the ultimate gathering for electronic music fans across the nation and globe, the streets of Miami turn into a and bumping party with popular DJs playing what will be the sounds of summer.When & where: March 26-28, 2021; MiamiSouth By South WestRegarded as the ultimate trend-setter and launcher of careers, SXSW is an annual showcase of music, films and interactive highlights enjoyed through performances, showcases, talks, screenings and more. Virtually taking over the city of Austin, everyone in the world of music from fans to media flock here to discover the next big thing.When &, where: March 16-20, 2021; AustinThe Governors Ball Music FestivalAnother event which proves the music loving potential of Randall's Island Park is Governors Ball, an exciting and infectious mix of rock, hip-hop, electronic, pop and folk. Providing a variety of music and food tastes, whether you look to kick back and relax or dance to the beats, Governors Ball has what you want.When & where: June 11-14, 2021; New York1.Which music festival lasts the most days?A.CoachellaB.Ultra Music Festival.C.South By South WestD.The Governors Ball Music Festival.2.What is special about Ultra Music Festival?A.It's held in a park.B.It features electronic musicC.It's a gathering of popular DJs.D.It's the most popular in the country.3.Which city could you go if you love both music and movies?A.Indio.B.Miami.C.AustinD.New York.BIt’s 13:30 and 28-year-old Marten Pella 's smart phone starts pinging, a signal that it’s time for us to stop working around his living room table and instead start our workout routine together. A cartoon character wearing bright red shorts on video begins instructing us to do star-jumps and sit-ups around his apartment.Pella, a research assistant at Stockholm University, is part of the Hoffice movement, which invites workers-freelancers（自由职业者）or full-time employees who can do their jobs remotely—to work at each other’s homes to increase productivity and enjoy an active social life.Those attending Hoffice events advertised on Facebook are typically asked to work silently in 45-minute blocks, before taking short breaks together to exercise, or simply chatting over a coffee. In addition, each participant shares daily objectives with the rest of the group upon arrival, and is invited to report back on whether or not they have achieved them at the end of the day.“Often when I am alone, I can work focused for a couple of hours but then I’m easily distracted（分心）.The help of others makes me so much more disciplined.” says Pella, who attends Hoffice events as both a guest and a host. Lunches mean networking and connecting with new contacts. “People are coming from really different areas and have different professions so there can be really interesting discussions,” he says.The Hoffice movement has grown quickly since it was founded in 2014 by Swedish psychologist Christofer Franzen, now 37. He had been giving lectures on the benefits of collective（集体的）intelligence, but realised he was spending most of his own time working alone at his kitchen table. “I wanted to test more structured home co-working with friends in similar situations,” he says.Franzen says that holding events in houses and apartments creates a unique atmosphere, because there’s a sense of community and desire to contribute. He’s looking for ways to expand the social value of Hoffice, by matching up members with relevant skills to share and even encouraging jobseekers to join its gatherings.4. Where is Pella when his smart phone starts pinging?A. In his own home.B. In his office.C. In another person’s home.D. At Stockholm University.5. What do people attending Hoffice events do first when they meet?A. Watch an exercise video.B. Work silently for 45 minutes.C. Tell each other their daily plans.D. Report what they have achieved.6. What does Franzen really mean by saying “friends in similar situations”?A. They usually work alone.B. They often give lectures.C. They study collective intelligence.D. They have to work at a kitchen table.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Sharing Comfortable WorkplacesB. A New Way to Make New FriendsC. Benefits of Collective IntelligenceD. Working from Others’ HomesCA cheap printed sensor could transmit wildfire warnings. Wildfires have recently destroyed regions across the world, and theirgravityis increasing. Hoping to reduce harm, researchersled by Yapei Wang, a Chinese chemist ofRenminUniversity, say they have developed an inexpensive sensor to detect such fires earlier with less effort.Current detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response. Most wildfires are reported by the general public, and other alerts come from routine foot patrols and watchtower observers. Passing planes and satellites also occasionally spot something, but “the fire first appears on the ground," Wang says. “ When you see the fire from the sky, it is too late. ”The team says its new sensor can be placed near tree trunks' bases and send a wireless signal to a nearby receiver if there is a dramatic temperature increase. That heat also powers the sensor itself, without replacing batteries. The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor for just $ 0.40.But improving coordination among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more crucial to address, says Graham Kent, an earthquake expert at theUniversityofNevada,Reno, who was not part of the study.Kentis director of ALERTWildfire, a network that uses cameras and crowd sourcing to watch for fires inCalifornia,NevadaandOregon. “The whole way that you respond to a fire until it's put out is like a ballet," he says. “You'd have to choreograph (设计) it just so, with resources precisely used at the right time and place and in the right order from detection to confirmation to assignment to extinguishment (熄灭).Fire detection is just step one.Wang says his team's next steps are to extend the device'ssignal range beyond the current 100 meters, which can limit practical use, and to develop a protective shield for it. The transmitter's effectiveness, he notes, will alsoneed to be examined in the field ahead.8. What does the underlined word “gravity” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Pull.B. Extinction.C. Popularity.D. Severity.9. What do we know about the sensor?A. Its price remains high.B. Its batteries are replaceable.C. It can detect fires earlier and easier.D. It can reduce firefighters' pain.10. What doesKentmean in paragraph 4?A. Firefighting is easy but crucial.B. Fire detection resources are rich.C. Putting out a fire is an orderly activity.D. Technology is the key to extinguishing a fire.11. What's the plan for the new sensor according to Wang?A. Improving and testing it.B. Limiting its use and transmission.C. Examing and reducing its signal range.D. Getting it on the market ahead of time.DFor most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational(理性的) being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our time is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was strengthened, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (人类学). The studyof primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield(盾牌) behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human characters. Popularly, one refers cynically（愤世嫉俗地）to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.Another reason for disbelief about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.12. Most philosophers believed that human nature ________.A. is the quality distinguishing man from other animalsB. consists of competitiveness and selfishnessC. is something partly innate and partly acquiredD. consists of rationality and undesirable behavior13. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by ________.A. the emergence of the evolutionary theoryB. the historical approach to manC. new insight into human behaviorD. the philosophical analysis of slavery14. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings ________.A. have some characters in commonB. are born with diverse culturesC. are born without a fixed natureD. change their characters as they grow up15. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to ________.A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature”B. show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evilsC. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human nature”D. support the idea that some human characters are inherited.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。