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中华人民共和国海事局2007年第2期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第43期)科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮（本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟）答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。
第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题, 每题10分。
一、单项选择题1.______ the engines, the diesel engine is ______ used engine on board.A. Between/more commonlyB. Among/the most commonlyC. Between/not more commonlyD. Among/ not the most commonly2.The average pressure exerted on a piston during each power stroke is termed ______.A. indicated horsepowerB. mean effective pressureC. exhaust back pressureD. compression pressure3.The cetane number rates fuels for diesel engines according to its ______.A. antiknock characteristicsB. ignition qualitiesC. rates of vaporizationD. viscosity4.The time between injection and ignition of the fuel is known as ______.A. turbulence lagB. after burning ratioC. pre-ignition lagD. ignition delay5.______ controls the fuel oil temperature in order to provide oil at the correct viscosity forcombustion.A. The viscosity regulatorB. The temperature controllerC. The flow meterD. The pressure switch6.Constant cooling the various components of diesel engine has a number of functions except for______.A. good lubricationB. low thermal stressC. good mechanical propertiesD. acid corrosion7. A device which functions to bring a diesel engine to a full stop to protect it from damage isknown as a/an ______.A. torque limiterB. over-speed tripC. over-speed governorD. load limit governor8.Engine speeds at which resonance can occur are termed ______.A. maximum speedsB. full speedsC. sea speedsD. critical speeds9.Prolonged operation of a diesel engine with a closed cooling water system at lower than normaldesigned operating temperatures can ______.A. increase power outputB. decrease lube oil viscosityC. eliminate fuel knockD. cause sulfuric acid formation10.______ on a ship transmits power from the engine to the propeller.A. The automatic control systemB. The speed regularly systemC. The transmission systemD. The compression air system 11.In a _____ boiler the hot gases from the furnace pass through the tubes while the water is on theoutside.A. water-tubeB. fire-tubeC. exhaust gasD. composite12.The fuel supply system to an automatic auxiliary boiler, will be automatically shutdown if theboiler ______.A.salinity is abnormallyB.high steam demand is too highC.feed-water flow is lowD.water level is abnormally low13.The water in a steaming auxiliary boiler should be tested daily for ______.A. dissolved oxygenB. chloridesC. sludgeD. dissolved nitrogen14.Ignition failure in an automatically controlled auxiliary boiler could be caused by ______.A. carbon deposits on the flame scannerB. high fuel oil temperatureC. low fuel oil viscosityD. high steam pressure15.The concentration of total dissolved solids in the water of an auxiliary boiler can increase as aresult of ______.A. seawater contaminationB. frequent surface blowsC. dissolved oxygen de-aerationD. frequent bottom blows16.Some pumps use packing as sealing gland. The gland should be ______.A. slack enough to allow slight leakage of fluidB. slightly chockedC. brought up tight so as not to allow any leakageD. fitted with a relief valve17. A spur gear pump should be operated with the discharge valves ______.A. slightly openedB. throttledC. fully openedD. halfway openedpared to globe and angle valves, gate valves ______.A. are more suitable for throttlingB. operate with little or no pressure drop when fully openedC. are more easily repairedD. cannot be used for service requiring infrequent operation19.An increase in rotor clearances in a rotary pump will ______.A. increase discharge pressureB. decrease pump capacityC. decrease pump cavitationD. decrease reaction ring clearance20.The usual symptoms of cavitation in a centrifugal pump is ______.A. noise and vibrationB. an increase in discharge pressureC. an increase in suction pressureD. lifting of the relief valve21.Refrigerant entering the compressor of a refrigeration system should be in which of the followingconditions?A. Sub-cooled liquidB. Sub-cooled vaporC. Superheated vaporD. Liquid22.______is the circulation and refreshing of the air in a space without necessarily a change oftemperature.A. RefrigerationB. Air conditioningC. VentilationD.Heating23.In an air conditioning system, moisture is removed from the air by ______.A. filtersB. separatorsC. ducted trapsD.dehumidifiers24.Sludge may be formed in the oil in the crankcase of a reciprocating air conditioning compressoras a result of ______.A. refrigerant bubbles in the lube oilB. refrigerant reducing the lube oil viscosityC. oxidation of the lube oil from overheatingD. reducing the floc or cloud point of the oil25. A high rate of separation between oil and water is favored by ______.A. large size of oil globuleB. low temperatureC. high viscosityD. high flow rate26.When started, a complete oily water separating unit is first filled ______. The oily water mixtureis then pumped through the inlet pipe into the coarse separating compartment.A. with dirty waterB. with clean waterC. by oily waterD. by mixed water27.Which is the pollution prevention equipment?A. booster pumpB. evaporatorC. incineratorD. cooler28.The ____is used to burn oil sludge.A. clarifierB. oily water separatorC. incineratorD. distiller29.Oil water separators are used to ensure that ships don't discharge oil when pumping out _____.A. ballast waterB. boiler waterC. bilge waterD. sewagewater30.When a clarifier is running the impurities and water collect at the bowl ______.A. centerB. peripheryC. inletD. upper parts31.The separation of impurities and water from ______ is essential for good combustion of dieselengines.A. lube oilB. fuel oilC. turbine oilD. grease32.Brine density in a distilling plant is measured with a/an ______.A. psychrometerB. salinometerC. anemometerD.sphygmomanometer33.The designed ______ is 20 tons per day, but the fresh water generator can only distil 15 tons atpresent.A. displacementB. weightC. powerD. capacity34.______ play a very important part in hydraulic systems by preventing interaction betweendifferent parts of the hydraulic circuit.A. MotorsB. Check valvesC. Safety valvesD.Reducing valves35.In a radial piston pump, reversal and control of fluid flow are accomplished by moving the______.A. central valveB. radial plungerC. floating ringD. cylinderbody36.In a ordinary cargo crane, ______is fitted to rotate the crane.A. the slewing motorB. the luffing motorC. the hoisting motorD. the fan motor37.Which problems can occur if the brake band lining of a wildcat brake becomes excessively worn?A. The driving engine will over-speed.B. The anchor will immediately drop.C. The clutch will overheat.D. The brake's effectiveness will be reduced.38.______ are used for hauling in or letting out the wires which fasten the ship to the shore.A. Cargo winchesB. Mooring winchesC. WindlassesD. Cargo hatches39.Which of the following can be used in hydraulic transmission system?A. Hydraulic oilB. Animal oilC. Light oilD. Fuel oil40.One factor that determines the frequency of an alternator is the ______.A. number of turns of wire in the armature coilB. number of magnetic polesC. strength of the magnets usedD. output voltage41. A DC generator is used to supply direct current in order to maintain an AC generator field and isknown as a/an ______.A. rotorB. statorC. exciterD. armature42.When paralleling two AC generators, the frequency of the machine coming on-line, immediatelyprior to closing its breaker, should be ______.A. slightly less than the oncoming generator frequencyB. the same as the bus frequencyC. slightly greater than the bus frequencyD. the same as the bus voltage43.When securing an AC generator, you should FIRST ______.A. open the generator circuit breakerB. switch the voltage regulator to 'manual'C. decrease the field excitation to minimumD. reduce the load on the unit44. A generator is prevented from becoming motorized by the use of a/an ______.A. over-speed tripB. reverse power relayC. back pressure tripD. governor controls45.The part of the shipboard electrical system used to control the distribution of power to the branchcircuits is the ______.A. bridge control panelB. disconnect linksC. governor relay boxD. main switchboard46.Which of the listed sections of an emergency switchboard is used to supply power for alarmsignals under emergency conditions?A. The generator and bus transfer sectionB. The 450 volt, 60 cycle, 3 phase busC. The 120 volt, 3 phase, 60 cycle busD. The 24 volt DC bus47.The separate supplies are connected in either star or delta formation. The star formation is mostcommonly used and requires ______ slip-rings on the alternator.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five48. A fuse that blows often should be replaced only with a fuse of ______.A. the recommended current and voltage ratingB. higher current and voltage ratingC. higher current and lower voltage ratingD. lower current and higher voltage rating49.The overcurrent relay______ the motor contactor when the motor exceeds its rated current .A. connectsB. tripsC. foulsD. destructs50.Electric circuits are protected against overloads and short circuits by means of a/an ______.A. circuit breakerB. amplifierC. diodeD. capacitor51.Prior to starting an AC generator prime mover, the voltage regulator cutout switch should beplaced in the _________.A. manual positionB. bus neutral positionC. raise voltage positionD. transfer position52.Before M/E putting on the starting air, the reversing and control gear should be _____.A. operatedB. stoppedC. checkedD. removed53.______ is a precaution which contributes to avoiding trouble under normal operating conditions.A. Constant inspectionB. Keeping constant loadC. Remaining constant temperatureD. Varying speed54.After “F.W.E.” is given, the air system is shut down, the _____ gear put in, all drains andindicator cocks opened, and the cooling water kept running.A. steeringB. timingC. turningD. running55.Which of the following must be eliminated to prevent accidents?A. Unsafe actionsB. OrderlinessC. Frequent inspectionsD. Good work habit/practices56. A class …C‟fire would most likely occur in the ______.A. engine room bilgesB. main switchboardC. paint lockerD. rag bin57.The most likely place for a fire to start through the process of spontaneous combustion is in_____.A. an electrical switchboardB. the pressure tanksC. the fuel oil tanksD. the oily rag bin58.While on watch in the engine room, you hear a continuous sounding of the general alarm. Whichof the following actions should you take FIRST?A. Secure the burners then proceed to your assigned boat station.B. Start the fire pump and establish flow to the fire main.C. Open the guardian valve and standby to maneuver.D. Open the master control valves on the fixed CO2 system.59. A fireman's outfit carried onboard cargo vessels, must have a ______.A. canister-type gas maskB. fresh-air breathing apparatusC. self-contained breathing apparatusD. combustible gas indicator60.The safe rate of bunkering heavy fuel oil is directly related to the ______.A. type of fuel transfer pump aboardB. temperature of the fuel oil being receivedC. size of the fuel storage tanks ashoreD. distance from the fuel oil storage tanks ashore61.To anneal a copper gasket, you should heat the gasket ______.A. and quench it in oilB. cherry red and quench in waterC. and let it cool slowly in the airD. and carbonize it62.Preventive maintenance _____.A. should not be carried out during the watches.B. can only be carried out in port.C. is a kind of maintenances carried out prior to the occurrenceD. is a kind of maintenances carried out after the occurrence63.The additional mark _____ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery represents thatpersonnel are watching at engine assembly control station and monitoring all machinery and electronic devices.A. BRCB. MCCC. AUT-0D. AUT-164.Which of the following machinery space operations is required to be logged in the Oil RecordBook?A. Ballasting or cleaning of fuel oil tanks.B. Shifting suction of main fuel pump to reserve fuel oil tank.C. Changing out sprayer plates to adjust for steam demand.D. Daily inspection of engine room bilges.65.The Port Authorities, in accordance with the IMO resolutions have been carrying out _____ toenhance safety of ships.A. CPPB. FPPC. PSCD. FSC66.The fire drill must, as far as practicable, be conducted as if _____.A. there is a minor emergencyB. there is an actual emergencyC. there were a minor emergencyD. there were an actual emergency67.Duties shall be so organized by the chief engineer that the first watch at the commencement of avoyage and the subsequent relieving watches are _____and otherwise fit for duty.A. well trainedB. in good luckC. in good healthD. sufficiently rested68._____ should not undertake any task which will interfere with the supervision duties relating tothe main machinery and associated equipment.A. The watch keeping personnelB. The chief engineerC. The person on a bunker bargeD. The duty deck officer69.At an unsheltered anchorage the chief engineer officer shall consult with _____ whether or not tomaintain an underway watch.A. the engineer officer in charge of watchB. the deck officer in charge of watchC. the masterD. the chief mate70.The term 'oil', as used in the Pollution Prevention Regulations , means ______.A. fuel oil onlyB. crude oil onlyC. liquefied petroleum gasD. petroleum oil of any kind71.In the event of a small bunker oil spill on deck occurring while bunkering, you should ______.A. wash down the area immediately with a fire hoseB. wash down the area with keroseneC. cover the area with absorbent materialD. cover the area with foam72.The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of allinternational treaties concerning the ______ of merchant ships.A. pollutionB. economizationC. safetyD. efficiency73.The SMS should provide for specific measures aimed at promoting the_____ of equipment orsystems the sudden operational failure of which may result in hazardous situations.A. visibilityB. abilityC. reliabilityD. capability74.Each ship shall carry on board a ship security plan approved by_____.A. the chief engineer officerB. the master of the shipC. the manager of the companyD. the Administration二、关联题（关联题题干下有4个小题，每小题4个选项）The cooling water in the HT(high temperature) circuit cools the cylinder liners, cylinder heads and turbocharger. From the pump water is supplied to the engine manifold which is cast in the engine block. From the manifold the water is distributed to all cylinder liner sections and from each liner upwards through the cooling water channels in the liner collars. From the liner collars further into the cylinder heads. In the cylinder head the water is forced by an intermediate deck to flow along the flame plate, around the valves to the exhaust valve seats and up along the fuel injector sleeve. From the cylinder head the water is discharged via a connection piece into the discharge manifold.The return water from the cylinder heads and turbocharger is supplied to the HT air cooler.In the first stage of this cooler, most of the heat from the charge air is extracted. The LT circuit water cools the charge air in the second stage. The necessary cooling for the LT water is gained from a central cooler. By controlling the LT water temperature to the inter-cooler the correct charge air temperature can be obtained.For preheating purposes, a heater circuit with a pump and heater are connected in the HT circuit before the engine. Before starting, the HT circuit is heated till about 60℃ by a separate heater The pre-heating of the engine is, prior of starting up and loading on HFO, of utmost importance.75. From the passage we know that the charge air temperature was controlled by ____.A. sea water from a central coolerB. fresh water from a central coolerC. fresh water from a HT circuitD. fresh water from the LT circuit76. The cooling water to cool the engine was forced ______ .A. into the cylinder block and then upwards into the cylinder headB. into the cylinder intermediate section and then upwards into the cylinder headC. into the cylinder head and then downwards into the cylinder blockD. into the cylinder ends and then further into the cylinder intermediate77. After the charge air is discharged into the HT air cooler, _______.A. the charge air temperature will become higherB. the charge air temperature will become lowerC. the HT water temperature will remain constantD. the HT water temperature will become lower78. Which of the following devices may be used to warm the engine prior to starting?A. A high temperature cooling water system.B. A low temperature cooling water system.C. A central cooler.D. The second stage cooler.三、中译英（共2题，请将答案写在答题纸上）79．(轮机日志)检查所有燃油、滑油及冷却水工作液位，所有燃油柜放残。
中华人民共和国海事局2006年第3期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第41期)科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮（本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟）答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。
第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题, 每题10分。
一、单项选择题1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______.A. cross-headB. spark plugC. connecting rodD. cylinder2. A diesel engine which is rated for normal operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 RPM, iscommonly classed as a ______.A. slow-speed dieselB. medium-speed dieselC. high-speed dieselD. constant-speed diesel3.Which of the diesel engine components listed increases air density and helps to improve engineoperating efficiency?A. ImpellerB. CompressorC. After-coolerD. Exhaust diffuser4.For a given size engine, the two-stroke/cycle diesel engine will deliver more power than afour-stroke/cycle diesel engine because ______.A. it has a longer power strokeB. more air gets into the cylinder each strokeC. it develops twice as many power strokes at the same speedD. higher combustion pressure is developed5.The intake valves in a diesel engine are reseated by ______.A. cam followersB. push rodsC. combustion gasesD. valve springs6.According to the way the energy of the exhaust gases is utilized, pressure-charging can be dividedinto two main systems, namely, the constant-pressure system and ______.A. the pulse-phase systemB. the pulse Doppler systemC. the pulse systemD. the pulse interval system7.An over-speed safety device is usually fitted to a generator engine for______in the event ofover-speed.A. cutting power off the engineB. increasing the fuel pump settingC. braking the crankshaftD. stabilizing the ship speed8.What preventative maintenance should be done frequently to diesel engine starting air receivers?A. Drain the accumulated moisture.B. Test the relief valves.C. Watch the temperature to prevent fluctuations in pressure.D. Clean the interior to remove oil and foreign matter.9.Immediately after any diesel engine is started, the engineer should check the ______.A. crankcase pressureB. lube oil pressureC. seawater pressureD. exhausttemperature 10. A controllable pitch propeller on a diesel driven vessel eliminates the need for ______.A. friction clutchesB. disconnect clutchesC. reversing gearsD. reduction gears11.In motor ship, ______is often used to recover some of the heat carried in the exhaust gases fromthe main engine.A. an diesel oil heaterB. a waste heat boilerC. a fresh water generatorD. a donkeyboiler12.An exhaust gas bypass is installed on a waste heat boiler in order to ______.A. bypass exhaust gas at high loads to prevent excessive back pressureB. bypass a portion of the exhaust gas at peak loads for better efficiencyC. recycle exhaust gas to the turbochargerD. minimize moisture condensation in the boiler gas passages at low loads13.Prior to lighting off a cold automatically fired auxiliary boiler, you should ______.A. check and regulate the water levelB. close the air cock once fires are litC. blow down the gage glassD. assure protective steam flow14.Flame failure in an automatically fired auxiliary boiler can mostly result from a/an ______.A. incorrect electrode settingB. incorrect nozzle positionC. clogged fuel nozzleD. broken high tension lead15.Waterside scale in a fire-tube boiler may cause ______.A. increased heat transferB. fireside erosionC. high steam demandD. overheatedtubes16.Which of the following will be the advantage of a centrifugal pump as compared with areciprocating pump? I. Its discharge is continuous; II. It has no internal valves; III. Uponaccidental closing of discharge valve, excessive pressure will not build upA. I, IIB. II, IIIC. I, II, IIID. II only17.Why are removable sleeves installed on centrifugal pump shafts?A. They make it easier to replace the pump shaft packing.B. They can be economically replaced as they wear out.C. They can be removed when it is necessary to lighten the weight of the pump.D. They increase the strength of the shaft.18.If one of the bilge system manifold valves does not properly seat, the ______.A. bilge well connected to that valve, plus the second bilge well being pumped will be completelyemptiedB. bilge system will lose vacuum and prevent the other bilges from being pumped outC. bilge well aft connected to that valve will siphon(虹吸) its contents to the forward bilge wellsD. discharge pressure will be too high.19.Which of the listed statements is correct concerning the starting of centrifugal pumps?A. They should always be started with the discharge valve closed.B. They should always be started with the discharge valve opened.C. A priming pump is always required to flood the impeller suction.D. They should always be started with the sealing line valves closed.20.The simplest method to use for determining if a centrifugal pump is operating as designed, is to______.A. closely observe the pump discharge temperatureB. close off the discharge valve, and watch for a rise in pressureC. momentarily close off the suction valve, and watch for a rise in pressureD. use a clamp on ammeter and compare the readings to past records21.Which of the following modes of heat transfer does NOT require any physical contact between awarmer and a cooler substance?A. RadiationB. ConductionC. Natural convectionD. Contact directly22. A re-heater in an air conditioning system functions to ______.A. control inlet air temperatureB. control inlet air volumeC. maintain relative humidity at 15%D. restore conditioned air temperature to a comfortable level23.In a chilled water air conditioning unit using a reciprocating compressor, the refrigerating effectof the primary refrigerant can be increased by ______.A. increasing refrigerant pressure in the coilB. increasing chilled water flow through the coolerC. sub-cooling the refrigerant in the condenserD. superheating the refrigerant in the compressor24.Sludge may form in the lubricating oil crankcase of a reciprocating air conditioning compressoras a result of ______.A. wax precipitation in the lube oilB. contamination by dust, scale, or moistureC. refrigerant bubbles in the lube oilD. refrigerant reducing the lube oil viscosity25.Placing a filter on the ______of an oily water separator will “polish” the discharge butoverloading must be avoided.A. suction sideB. discharge sideC. by-pass pipeD. sampling pipe26.When started, a complete oily water separating unit is first filled ______.The oily water mixtureis then pumped through the inlet pipe into the coarse separating compartment.A. with dirty waterB. with clean waterC. by oily waterD. by mixed water27.Which is the pollution prevention equipment?A. booster pumpB. evaporatorC. incineratorD. cooler28.The ______is used to burn oil sludge.A. clarifierB. oil/water separatorC. incineratorD. distiller29.Most marine biological sewage treatment plants consist of all the following statements except______.A. aeration tanksB. settling tanksC. disinfection agent （消毒剂）D. anaerobic bacteria (厌氧菌)30.For a purifier changing to a gravity disc with smaller hole diameter will move the interfacetowards the ______.A. bowl peripheryB. bowl centerC. upper surfaceD. lower surface31.The ______of the gravity disc is too big. It cause oil to flow through the water outlet. Wechanged the disc and no oil is found in the water outlet.A. gravityB. diameterC. circumferenceD. cylinder32.The advantages of flash type evaporators, as compared to submerged tube type evaporators,include ______.A. less internal corrosion because of lower brine densityB. higher temperature evaporation for lower salinity of the distillate producedC. less scale formation in a flash evaporatorD. less feed-water required for a flash evaporator33.Distilled water from an evaporator may be discharged into a drinking water tank ______.A. through a detachable hose connectionB. after passing through an activated charcoal filterC. after chemical analysis shows it is fit for consumptionD. through a solenoid operated three-way valve34.What type of valve is used to direct the flow of hydraulic fluid?A. relief valveB. direction control valveC. stop valveD. pressure control valve35.In a radial piston pump, reversal and control of fluid flow are accomplished by moving the______.A. central valveB. radial plungerC. floating ringD. cylinderbody36.In a general cargo crane, ______is fitted to lift the cargo load.A. the slewing motorB. the luffing motorC. the hoisting motorD. the fan moter37.______are used to handle anchors and chains.A. Cargo winchesB. Mooring winchesC. WindlassesD. Cargo hatches38.The clutch band of a constant tensioning mooring winch must be set up tight enough to drive thewinch drum and should slip only when ______.A. excessive loads are placed on the winchB. minimum pull is being exerted by the winchC. automatic operation of the winch is desiredD. wire is being retrieved at the maximum rate39.Dual (双的)electro-hydraulic steering units usually operate ______.A. with both pumps on line at the same time B．with one pump on standbyC．with the follow-up gear disconnected D．only when the rudder is moved amidships40.One factor that determines the frequency of an alternator is the ______.A. number of turns of wire in the armature coilB. number of magnetic polesC. strength of the magnets usedD. output voltage41.An electrical device which employs a stationary armature and a rotating electromagnetic field isused aboard ship as a ______.A. magnetic amplifierB. ship's service alternatorC. three-wire DC generatorD. saturable core reactor42.Current changing in direction and rising and falling in value is ___ .A. D.C.B. A.C. C. generatorD.fresh water generator43.Equal power factors on paralleled AC generators are maintained by an automatic ______.A. voltage regulatorB. reverse power relayC. reverse current relayD. governor control switch44.______shall be continuously powered and shall have an automatic changeover to a stand bypower supply in case of loss of normal power supply .A. Cooling systemB. Alarm systemC. The air conditioning installationD. The mooring equipment45.Switchboards may be of the dead-front type in which all live parts are installed behind ______andonly the operation handles and instruments are on the frontA. the capstanB. the collectorC. the panelsD. the surface46.The emergency generator or emergency battery is connected to ______on most ships.A. distribution boardsB. section boardsC. emergency switch boardsD. main switch boards47.The primary function of an electric motor is to ______.A. develop torqueB. generate high voltagesC. produce a magnetic fieldD. generate high electrical resistance48.Electrical leads and insulation on a motor should be painted with ______.A. heat-resisting acrylicB. heat-resisting aluminumC. insulating varnishD. insulating white lead49. A circuit breaker and a fuse have a basic similarity in that they both ______.A. can be reset to energize the circuitB. should open the circuit when overloadedC. will burn out when an over current flow developsD. should short the circuit when overloaded50.Electric circuits are protected against short circuits by means of a/an _______.A. diode(二极管)B. amplifierC. circuit breakerD. capacitor51.The electrolyte in a lead-acid storage battery consists of distilled water and ______.A. hydrogen chlorideB. calcium chlorideC. sulfuric acidD. muriatic acid52.When under maneuvering conditions with the machinery being manually operated the control unitor console should be ___.A. automatically controlledB. off powerC. continuously mannedD. continuously unmanned53.______is a precaution which contributes to avoiding trouble under normal operating conditions.A. Constant inspectionB. Keeping constant loadC. Remaining constant temperatureD. Varying speed54.After “F.W.E.” is given, the air system is shut down, the ______gear put in, all drains andindicator cocks opened, and the cooling water kept running.A. steeringB. timingC. turningD. running55. A tank which has been sealed for a long period of time can be dangerous because ______.A. steel surfaces consume oxygen by rustingB. sealed tanks usually form a vacuumC. moisture condenses in the tank, displacing the oxygenD. most tank coatings give off poisonous vapors in the presence of moisture56. A class 'C' fire is burning ______.A. diesel oilB. magnesiumC. dunnageD. electrical insulation57.To prevent the spread of fire by conduction, you should ______.A. close all openings to the areaB. remove combustibles from direct exposureC. cool the bulkheads around the fireD. shut off all electric power58.The lengthening of a crack formed in the shell plating of a ship may be prevented by ______.A. welding brackets across both ends of the crackB. chipping out and slot welding the entire crackC. drilling a hole at each end of the crackD. cutting a square notch at each end of the crack59.After a fire has been extinguished in a closed space, personnel may safely enter the space when______.A. smoke density has been decreased sufficiently to see the bulkhead opposite the compartment'sentranceB. a lifeline and explosion proof flash light are usedC. all smoke and toxic fumes are removed and an adequate oxygen supply is presentD. overhaul has been completed to remove any possible source of re-ignition60.While loading bunkers, you notice oil on the water near the vessel. What should you do first?A. Stop loadingB. Notify the harbor administration.C. Determine if the vessel is the source of the pollution.D. Start the main engine and put them in gear to disperse the spill.61.To anneal (退火)a copper gasket, you should heat the gasket _______.A. and quench it in oilB. cherry red and quench in waterC. and let it cool slowly in the airD. and carbonize it62.When a vessel is in dry-dock, the vessel's engineers should ______.A. examine the condition of the propellerB. chip and paint all hull protection zincsC. install new docking plugs in all cofferdamsD. inspect the hull for hogging or sagging63.The additional mark ______in the Classification Certificate for Machinery represents thatpersonnel are watching at engine assembly control station and monitoring all machinery and electronic devices.A. BRCB. MCCC. AUT-0D. AUT-164.Which of the following operations must be entered on the Oil Record Book Part I?I. Routine discharge at sea of bilge water containing oil from the machinery spacesII. Bunkering of fuel oilA. I onlyB. II onlyC. both I and IID. neither I nor II65.Your ship‟s certificat es show that you did not do renewing work for certificate. All certificateshave expired a few days before. Thus, your ship is ______.It follows therefore that she will______.A. seaworthy / be fined in our portB. un-seaworthy/ be disassembled in our portC. seaworthy / be assembled in our portD. un-seaworthy / be detained in our port66.“Insufficiency of manning or insufficiency of certification of seafarers” is an identification of a______.A. substandard shipB. standard shipC. over-standard shipD. reference ship67.When deciding the composition of the engineering watch, which may include _____appropriately,many factors shall be taken into account.A. satisfied engineersB. qualified ratingsC. satisfied chief engineerD. qualified chief engineer68.The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall notify the chief engineer withoutdelay______.A. in any emergency or if in any doubt as to what decision or measures to takeB. in the event of any impending action in machinery spaces that may cause reduction in ship‟sspeedC. when isolating and bypassing machinery to be worked onD. co-operating with any engineer in charge of maintenance work69.At an unsheltered anchorage the chief engineer shall consult with ______whether or not tomaintain an underway watch.A. the engineer officer in charge of watchB. the deck officer in charge of watchC. the masterD. the chief mate70.The term "moderate speed" was previously interpreted as meaning a speed which would enable avessel ______within half the range of visibility.A. stoppingB. being stoppedC. to stopD. to be stopped71.One of the methods NOT usually allowed in cleaning up oil spills in the United States is ______.A. skimmersB. strawC. dispersantsD. sawdust72.The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of allinternational treaties concerning the ______ of merchant ships.A. pollutionB. economizationC. efficiencyD. safety73.The Company should ensure that the master is fully ______with the Company's SMS.A. familiarB. understandC. conversationD. confused74.______means the level for which minimum appropriate protective security measures shall bemaintained at all times, threats and exchanging such information with appropriate Contracting Governments.A. Security level 1B. Security level 2C. Security level 3D. Security level 4二. 关联题（关联题题干下有4个小题，每小题4个选项）With many small package boilers, the automatic control sequence usually ensures that the boiler fire is initially ignited from a diesel oil supply, and changed over to the usual source when ignition is completed. With good management, to facilitate subsequent starting from cold, the fuel system of large boilers will have been flushed through with diesel oil when the boiler was on light duty immediately prior to being secured. When burning such diesel fuel it is essential for safety that only the correct (small) burner tip should be used. It should be kept in mind that if fire does not light, immediately shut off fuel and vent furnace.Complete ignition of fuel in the furnace is essential. The burner flame, the smoke indicator and the funnel should be frequently observed. With satisfactory combustion, the flame should appear in candescent （白热的）with an orange shade at the flame tip, and a faint brownish haze should show at the funnel. If on first ignition the flame is uncertain, badly shaped and separates from the primary swirler, momentary opening or closing of air register may correct. 75. Small package boilers will use _______ while being lit up.A. the usual source of oilB. fuel oilC. diesel oilD. mixture of fuel oil and diesel oil76. After large boilers being secured, the fuel in the feeding line will be____.A. the usual source of oilB. fuel oilC. diesel oilD. mixture of fuel oil and diesel oil77. If large boilers were not lit up, _____.A. feed water to normal levelB. stop fuel supply immediately and purge the furnaceC. light the boiler againD. reset the burner78. An indication for a good combustion is ______.A. white smokeB. brown haze in the funnelC. orange flame tipD. swirl oil spray三、中译英（共2题，请将答案写在答题纸上）79. 船舶加油期间，如发现船舶附近水面有油或发生溢油事故，都应立即停止加油作业。
中华人民共和国海事局2006年第3期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第41期)科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮（本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟）答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。
第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题,每题10分。
一、单项选择题1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______.A. cross-headB. spark plugC. connecting rodD. cylinder2. A diesel engine which is rated for normal operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 RPM, iscommonly classed as a ______.A. slow-speed dieselB. medium-speed dieselC. high-speed dieselD. constant-speed diesel3.Which of the diesel engine components listed increases air density and helps to improve engineoperating efficiency?A. ImpellerB. CompressorC. After-coolerD. Exhaust diffuser4.For a given size engine, the two-stroke/cycle diesel engine will deliver more power than a four-stroke/cycle diesel engine because ______.A. it has a longer power strokeB. more air gets into the cylinder each strokeC. it develops twice as many power strokes at the same speedD. higher combustion pressure is developed5.The intake valves in a diesel engine are reseated by ______.A. cam followersB. push rodsC. combustion gasesD. valve springs6.According to the way the energy of the exhaust gases is utilized, pressure-charging can be dividedinto two main systems, namely, the constant-pressure system and ______.A. the pulse-phase systemB. the pulse Doppler systemC. the pulse systemD. the pulse interval system7.An over-speed safety device is usually fitted to a generator engine for______in the event of over-speed.A. cutting power off the engineB. increasing the fuel pump settingC. braking the crankshaftD. stabilizing the ship speed8.What preventative maintenance should be done frequently to diesel engine starting air receivers?A. Drain the accumulated moisture.B. Test the relief valves.C. Watch the temperature to prevent fluctuations in pressure.D. Clean the interior to remove oil and foreign matter.9.Immediately after any diesel engine is started, the engineer should check the ______.A. crankcase pressureB. lube oil pressureC. seawater pressureD. exhaust temperature 10. A controllable pitch propeller on a diesel driven vessel eliminates the need for ______.A. friction clutchesB. disconnect clutchesC. reversing gearsD. reduction gears11.In motor ship, ______is often used to recover some of the heat carried in the exhaust gases fromthe main engine.A. an diesel oil heaterB. a waste heat boilerC. a fresh water generatorD. a donkey boiler12.An exhaust gas bypass is installed on a waste heat boiler in order to ______.A. bypass exhaust gas at high loads to prevent excessive back pressureB. bypass a portion of the exhaust gas at peak loads for better efficiencyC. recycle exhaust gas to the turbochargerD. minimize moisture condensation in the boiler gas passages at low loads13.Prior to lighting off a cold automatically fired auxiliary boiler, you should ______.A. check and regulate the water levelB. close the air cock once fires are litC. blow down the gage glassD. assure protective steam flow14.Flame failure in an automatically fired auxiliary boiler can mostly result from a/an ______.A. incorrect electrode settingB. incorrect nozzle positionC. clogged fuel nozzleD. broken high tension lead15.Waterside scale in a fire-tube boiler may cause ______.A. increased heat transferB. fireside erosionC. high steam demandD. overheated tubes16.Which of the following will be the advantage of a centrifugal pump as compared with areciprocating pump? I. Its discharge is continuous; II. It has no internal valves; III. Uponaccidental closing of discharge valve, excessive pressure will not build upA. I, IIB. II, IIIC. I, II, IIID. II only17.Why are removable sleeves installed on centrifugal pump shafts?A. They make it easier to replace the pump shaft packing.B. They can be economically replaced as they wear out.C. They can be removed when it is necessary to lighten the weight of the pump.D. They increase the strength of the shaft.18.If one of the bilge system manifold valves does not properly seat, the ______.A. bilge well connected to that valve, plus the second bilge well being pumped will be completelyemptiedB. bilge system will lose vacuum and prevent the other bilges from being pumped outC. bilge well aft connected to that valve will siphon(虹吸) its contents to the forward bilge wellsD. discharge pressure will be too high.19.Which of the listed statements is correct concerning the starting of centrifugal pumps?A. They should always be started with the discharge valve closed.B. They should always be started with the discharge valve opened.C. A priming pump is always required to flood the impeller suction.D. They should always be started with the sealing line valves closed.20.The simplest method to use for determining if a centrifugal pump is operating as designed, is to______.A. closely observe the pump discharge temperatureB. close off the discharge valve, and watch for a rise in pressureC. momentarily close off the suction valve, and watch for a rise in pressureD. use a clamp on ammeter and compare the readings to past records21.Which of the following modes of heat transfer does NOT require any physical contact between awarmer and a cooler substance?A. RadiationB. ConductionC. Natural convectionD. Contact directly22. A re-heater in an air conditioning system functions to ______.A. control inlet air temperatureB. control inlet air volumeC. maintain relative humidity at 15%D. restore conditioned air temperature to a comfortable level23.In a chilled water air conditioning unit using a reciprocating compressor, the refrigerating effectof the primary refrigerant can be increased by ______.A. increasing refrigerant pressure in the coilB. increasing chilled water flow through the coolerC. sub-cooling the refrigerant in the condenserD. superheating the refrigerant in the compressor24.Sludge may form in the lubricating oil crankcase of a reciprocating air conditioning compressoras a result of ______.A. wax precipitation in the lube oilB. contamination by dust, scale, or moistureC. refrigerant bubbles in the lube oilD. refrigerant reducing the lube oil viscosity25.Placing a filter on the ______of an oily water separator will “polish” the discharge butoverloading must be avoided.A. suction sideB. discharge sideC. by-pass pipeD. sampling pipe26.When started, a complete oily water separating unit is first filled ______.The oily water mixtureis then pumped through the inlet pipe into the coarse separating compartment.A. with dirty waterB. with clean waterC. by oily waterD. by mixed water27.Which is the pollution prevention equipment?A. booster pumpB. evaporatorC. incineratorD. cooler28.The ______is used to burn oil sludge.A. clarifierB. oil/water separatorC. incineratorD. distiller29.Most marine biological sewage treatment plants consist of all the following statements except______.A. aeration tanksB. settling tanksC. disinfection agent （消毒剂）D. anaerobic bacteria (厌氧菌)30.For a purifier changing to a gravity disc with smaller hole diameter will move the interfacetowards the ______.A. bowl peripheryB. bowl centerC. upper surfaceD. lower surface31.The ______of the gravity disc is too big. It cause oil to flow through the water outlet. Wechanged the disc and no oil is found in the water outlet.A. gravityB. diameterC. circumferenceD. cylinder32.The advantages of flash type evaporators, as compared to submerged tube type evaporators,include ______.A. less internal corrosion because of lower brine densityB. higher temperature evaporation for lower salinity of the distillate producedC. less scale formation in a flash evaporatorD. less feed-water required for a flash evaporator33.Distilled water from an evaporator may be discharged into a drinking water tank ______.A. through a detachable hose connectionB. after passing through an activated charcoal filterC. after chemical analysis shows it is fit for consumptionD. through a solenoid operated three-way valve34.What type of valve is used to direct the flow of hydraulic fluid?A. relief valveB. direction control valveC. stop valveD. pressure control valve35.In a radial piston pump, reversal and control of fluid flow are accomplished by moving the______.A. central valveB. radial plungerC. floating ringD. cylinder body36.In a general cargo crane, ______is fitted to lift the cargo load.A. the slewing motorB. the luffing motorC. the hoisting motorD. the fan moter37.______are used to handle anchors and chains.A. Cargo winchesB. Mooring winchesC. WindlassesD. Cargo hatches38.The clutch band of a constant tensioning mooring winch must be set up tight enough to drive thewinch drum and should slip only when ______.A. excessive loads are placed on the winchB. minimum pull is being exerted by the winchC. automatic operation of the winch is desiredD. wire is being retrieved at the maximum rate39.Dual (双的)electro-hydraulic steering units usually operate ______.A. with both pumps on line at the same time B．with one pump on standbyC．with the follow-up gear disconnected D．only when the rudder is moved amidships40.One factor that determines the frequency of an alternator is the ______.A. number of turns of wire in the armature coilB. number of magnetic polesC. strength of the magnets usedD. output voltage41.An electrical device which employs a stationary armature and a rotating electromagnetic field isused aboard ship as a ______.A. magnetic amplifierB. ship's service alternatorC. three-wire DC generatorD. saturable core reactor42.Current changing in direction and rising and falling in value is ___ .A. D.C.B. A.C. C. generatorD. fresh water generator43.Equal power factors on paralleled AC generators are maintained by an automatic ______.A. voltage regulatorB. reverse power relayC. reverse current relayD. governor control switch44.______shall be continuously powered and shall have an automatic changeover to a stand bypower supply in case of loss of normal power supply .A. Cooling systemB. Alarm systemC. The air conditioning installationD. The mooring equipment45.Switchboards may be of the dead-front type in which all live parts are installed behind ______andonly the operation handles and instruments are on the frontA. the capstanB. the collectorC. the panelsD. the surface46.The emergency generator or emergency battery is connected to ______on most ships.A. distribution boardsB. section boardsC. emergency switch boardsD. main switch boards47.The primary function of an electric motor is to ______.A. develop torqueB. generate high voltagesC. produce a magnetic fieldD. generate high electrical resistance48.Electrical leads and insulation on a motor should be painted with ______.A. heat-resisting acrylicB. heat-resisting aluminumC. insulating varnishD. insulating white lead49. A circuit breaker and a fuse have a basic similarity in that they both ______.A. can be reset to energize the circuitB. should open the circuit when overloadedC. will burn out when an over current flow developsD. should short the circuit when overloaded50.Electric circuits are protected against short circuits by means of a/an _______.A. diode(二极管)B. amplifierC. circuit breakerD. capacitor51.The electrolyte in a lead-acid storage battery consists of distilled water and ______.A. hydrogen chlorideB. calcium chlorideC. sulfuric acidD. muriatic acid52.When under maneuvering conditions with the machinery being manually operated the control unitor console should be ___.A. automatically controlledB. off powerC. continuously mannedD. continuously unmanned53.______is a precaution which contributes to avoiding trouble under normal operating conditions.A. Constant inspectionB. Keeping constant loadC. Remaining constant temperatureD. Varying speed54.After “F.W.E.” is given, the air system is shut down, the ______gear put in, all drains andindicator cocks opened, and the cooling water kept running.A. steeringB. timingC. turningD. running55. A tank which has been sealed for a long period of time can be dangerous because ______.A. steel surfaces consume oxygen by rustingB. sealed tanks usually form a vacuumC. moisture condenses in the tank, displacing the oxygenD. most tank coatings give off poisonous vapors in the presence of moisture56. A class 'C' fire is burning ______.A. diesel oilB. magnesiumC. dunnageD. electrical insulation57.To prevent the spread of fire by conduction, you should ______.A. close all openings to the areaB. remove combustibles from direct exposureC. cool the bulkheads around the fireD. shut off all electric power 58.The lengthening of a crack formed in the shell plating of a ship may be prevented by ______.A. welding brackets across both ends of the crackB. chipping out and slot welding the entire crackC. drilling a hole at each end of the crackD. cutting a square notch at each end of the crack59.After a fire has been extinguished in a closed space, personnel may safely enter the space when______.A. smoke density has been decreased sufficiently to see the bulkhead opposite the compartment'sentranceB. a lifeline and explosion proof flash light are usedC. all smoke and toxic fumes are removed and an adequate oxygen supply is presentD. overhaul has been completed to remove any possible source of re-ignition60.While loading bunkers, you notice oil on the water near the vessel. What should you do first?A. Stop loadingB. Notify the harbor administration.C. Determine if the vessel is the source of the pollution.D. Start the main engine and put them in gear to disperse the spill.61.To anneal (退火)a copper gasket, you should heat the gasket _______.A. and quench it in oilB. cherry red and quench in waterC. and let it cool slowly in the airD. and carbonize it62.When a vessel is in dry-dock, the vessel's engineers should ______.A. examine the condition of the propellerB. chip and paint all hull protection zincsC. install new docking plugs in all cofferdamsD. inspect the hull for hogging or sagging63.The additional mark ______in the Classification Certificate for Machinery represents thatpersonnel are watching at engine assembly control station and monitoring all machinery andelectronic devices.A. BRCB. MCCC. AUT-0D. AUT-164.Which of the following operations must be entered on the Oil Record Book Part I?I. Routine discharge at sea of bilge water containing oil from the machinery spacesII. Bunkering of fuel oilA. I onlyB. II onlyC. both I and IID. neither I nor II65.Your ship’s certificates show that you did not do renewing work for certificate. All certificateshave expired a few days before. Thus, your ship is ______.It follows therefore that she will______.A. seaworthy / be fined in our portB. un-seaworthy/ be disassembled in our portC. seaworthy / be assembled in our portD. un-seaworthy / be detained in our port66.“Insufficiency of manning or insufficiency of certification of seafarers” is an identification of a______.A. substandard shipB. standard shipC. over-standard shipD. reference ship67.When deciding the composition of the engineering watch, which may include _____appropriately,many factors shall be taken into account.A. satisfied engineersB. qualified ratingsC. satisfied chief engineerD. qualified chief engineer68.The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall notify the chief engineer withoutdelay______.A. in any emergency or if in any doubt as to what decision or measures to takeB. in the event of any impending action in ma chinery spaces that may cause reduction in ship’sspeedC. when isolating and bypassing machinery to be worked onD. co-operating with any engineer in charge of maintenance work69.At an unsheltered anchorage the chief engineer shall consult with ______whether or not tomaintain an underway watch.A. the engineer officer in charge of watchB. the deck officer in charge of watchC. the masterD. the chief mate70.The term "moderate speed" was previously interpreted as meaning a speed which would enable avessel ______within half the range of visibility.A. stoppingB. being stoppedC. to stopD. to be stopped71.One of the methods NOT usually allowed in cleaning up oil spills in the United States is ______.A. skimmersB. strawC. dispersantsD. sawdust72.The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of allinternational treaties concerning the ______ of merchant ships.A. pollutionB. economizationC. efficiencyD. safety73.The Company should ensure that the master is fully ______with the Company's SMS.A. familiarB. understandC. conversationD. confused74.______means the level for which minimum appropriate protective security measures shall bemaintained at all times, threats and exchanging such information with appropriate Contracting Governments.A. Security level 1B. Security level 2C. Security level 3D. Security level 4二. 关联题（关联题题干下有4个小题，每小题4个选项）With many small package boilers, the automatic control sequence usually ensures that the boiler fire is initially ignited from a diesel oil supply, and changed over to the usual source when ignition is completed. With good management, to facilitate subsequent starting from cold, the fuel system of large boilers will have been flushed through with diesel oil when the boiler was on light duty immediately prior to being secured. When burning such diesel fuel it is essential for safety that only the correct (small) burner tip should be used. It should be kept in mind that if fire does not light, immediately shut off fuel and vent furnace.Complete ignition of fuel in the furnace is essential. The burner flame, the smoke indicator and the funnel should be frequently observed. With satisfactory combustion, the flame should appear in candescent （白热的）with an orange shade at the flame tip, and a faint brownish haze should show at the funnel. If on first ignition the flame is uncertain, badly shaped and separates from the primary swirler, momentary opening or closing of air register may correct. 75. Small package boilers will use _______ while being lit up.A. the usual source of oilB. fuel oilC. diesel oilD. mixture of fuel oil and diesel oil76. After large boilers being secured, the fuel in the feeding line will be____.A. the usual source of oilB. fuel oilC. diesel oilD. mixture of fuel oil and diesel oil77. If large boilers were not lit up, _____.A. feed water to normal levelB. stop fuel supply immediately and purge the furnaceC. light the boiler againD. reset the burner78. An indication for a good combustion is ______.A. white smokeB. brown haze in the funnelC. orange flame tipD. swirl oil spray三、中译英（共2题，请将答案写在答题纸上）79. 船舶加油期间，如发现船舶附近水面有油或发生溢油事故，都应立即停止加油作业。
Passage 1（原题库第1篇）Valve drive mechanismThe valve drive mechanism commands the inlet and exhaust valves at the required timing.第3题The valve drive mechanism consists of an inlet and exhaust cam follower (8) each suspended in a plunger of the tappet assembly (7), two tubular push rods (4) with ball joints, two nodular cast iron rocker arms (2) suspended in a rocker arm bearing bracket, two yokes (5) and a yoke guide pins. See Fig. 4-1.The tappet rollers follow the cam profiles and transfer the movements through push rods to the rocker arms.第4题The rocker arms operate the inlet and exhaust valves through yokes (5).Lubrication for the rocker arms comes from the engine's secondary oil supply manifold throughdrillings in the cylinder head and rocker arm bracket.第2题The tappet assembly receives lubricating oil via channels in the engine block from the main supply manifold. For the roller and shaft, the oil is supplied through the guiding plunger.第4题To compensate for heat expansion a clearance must exist between the rocker arm and yoke.第1题All adjustments have to be done on a cold engine only.1. According to the Passage, the best time to adjust the valve clearance is _____.A. before the engine is startedB. when the engine is runningC. after the engine has just been stoppedD. when something has gone wrong with the engine注：根据文章来看，调节阀间隙的最好时间是在发动机启动之前。
轮机系统英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the primary function of a marine engine?A. To generate electricityB. To propel the shipC. To provide heatingD. To cool the engine2. The term "deadweight tonnage" refers to:A. The weight of the ship without cargoB. The maximum cargo capacity of the shipC. The weight of the ship fully loadedD. The total weight of the ship including cargo3. Which of the following is NOT a type of marine fuel?A. Heavy fuel oilB. Marine diesel oilC. Liquefied natural gasD. Gasoline4. What does the abbreviation "BOP" stand for in a ship's engine room?A. Ballast On PumpB. Blow Off PressureC. Black Oil PumpD. None of the above5. The main purpose of a ship's propeller is to:A. Generate electricityB. Provide stabilityC. Change the direction of the shipD. Convert rotational motion into thrust6. What is the role of a marine boiler?A. To produce steam for propulsionB. To cool the engineC. To provide fresh waterD. To heat the ship's interior7. The term "trim" in ship terminology refers to:A. The angle of the ship's bowB. The weight distribution along the ship's lengthC. The shape of the ship's hullD. The speed of the ship8. What does "GT" stand for in ship specifications?A. Gross TonnageB. Gross TransportC. General TransportD. Global Trade9. The main difference between a diesel engine and a steam turbine is:A. The type of fuel usedB. The method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energyC. The color of the engineD. The size of the engine10. What is the purpose of a ship's bilge system?A. To clean the ship's hullB. To remove water from the ship's interiorC. To provide fresh water for the crewD. To cool the engine答案：1. B2. B3. D4. D5. D6. A7. B8. A9. B10. B二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The main components of a marine engine include the__________, the __________, and the __________.2. The term "draught" refers to the __________ of the ship below the waterline.3. A ship's hull is divided into several __________ to increase its structural integrity.4. The "load line marks" on a ship indicate the __________ of the ship when loaded with cargo.5. The "freeboard" is the distance between the waterline and the __________ of the ship.6. The "safety valve" in a marine boiler is designed to__________ pressure.7. The "main engine" is the primary source of __________ fora ship.8. The "stern tube" is the part of the ship where the__________ is located.9. "Machinery space" refers to the area where the ship's__________ are located.10. The "lifeboat" is a vessel designed to __________ people in case of an emergency.答案：1. engine, boiler, turbine2. depth3. compartments4. maximum permissible draft5. deck6. relieve excessive7. propulsion8. propeller9. engines10. rescue三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）1. Explain the difference between a single-screw ship and a twin-screw ship.2. Describe the function of a ship's anchor and how it is used.答案：1. A single-screw ship is propelled by a single propeller, which is driven by the main engine. It is simpler in designand usually less expensive to build and maintain. A twin-screw ship, on the other hand, has two propellers, each driven by an engine, which can be the same or different. This configuration provides better maneuverability, redundancy in case one engine fails, and often results in higher speeds.2. A ship's anchor is a device used to secure the ship when it is not in motion, particularly in harbors or at sea when the ship needs to be stationary. The anchor is dropped to the seabed, where it digs into the bottom, providing resistance to the ship's movement. The anchor is connected to the。
Valve drive mechanismThe valve drive mechanism commands the inlet and exhaust valves at the required timing.第3题The valve drive mechanism consists of an inlet and exhaust cam follower (8) each suspended in a plunger of the tappet assembly (7), two tubular push rods (4) with ball joints, two nodular cast iron rocker arms (2) suspended in a rocker arm bearing bracket, two yokes (5) and a yoke guide pins. See Fig. 4-1.The tappet rollers follow the cam profiles and transfer the movements through push rods to the rocker arms.第4题The rocker arms operate the inlet and exhaust valves through yokes (5).Lubrication for the rocker arms comes from the engine's secondary oil supply manifold throughdrillings in the cylinder head and rocker arm bracket.第2题The tappet assembly receives lubricating oil via channels in the engine block from the main supply manifold. For the roller and shaft, the oil is supplied through the guiding plunger.第4题To compensate for heat expansion a clearance must exist between the rocker arm and yoke.第1题All adjustments have to be done on a cold engine only.1. According to the Passage, the best time to adjust the valve clearance is _____.A. before the engine is startedB. when the engine is runningC. after the engine has just been stoppedD. when something has gone wrong with the engine注：根据文章来看，调节阀间隙的最好时间是在发动机启动之前。
中华人民共和国海事局2009年第5期海船船员适任统考试题（总第48期）科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮（本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟）答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。
第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题, 每题10分。
1. Diesel engines classified as reciprocating internal combustion engines because they____A. use energy from fuel burned outside their cylindersB. burn fuel in a combustion chamber that moves back and forthC. burn fuel in a chamber where its energy moves a piston up and downD. a continuous combustion process to impart rotary motion to the pistons2. The abbreviation “MIP” stands for _____A. middle indication pressureB. mean indicated pressureC. mean indicated pitchD. middle indicated power3. The term used to express the ignition quality of a particular fuel is _____A. cetane numberB. octane numberC. ignition index numberD. volatility point4. The period when both inlet valves and exhaust valves are open is referred to as____A. valve loopB. valve uniflowC. valve overlapD. valve grinding5. Which of the following statements represents the function of the compression rings installed at the top of a diesel engine piston?A. Control the amount of lube oil burned in the combustion chamberB. Transmit heat from the piston to the cylinder linerC. Prevent damage to ring groove inserts by action as a heat dam.D. Dissipate combustion chamber gas pressure by channeling it through the ring gap.6. The gas loads on the engine structure are constrained by means of hydraulically preloaded_____ Which connect the bed plate, frame sections and cylinder jackets into a single unit.A. connecting rodsB. mean bearingC. columnD. the rods7. ______of different thickness are inserted between the shells to enable adjustment of the bearing clearness.A. ScrewsB. FilmsC. DisesD. Shims8. Compared to four-stroke/cycle engines, two-stroke/cycle diesel engines have the disadvantages of ____A. less even torqueB. higher cylinder head temperaturesC. fewer power stroke per revolutionD. greater weight/size requirements9. During the fuel imection period, fuel pressure must exceed cylinder gas pressure to _____A. ensure penetration and distribution of the fuel in the combustion chamberB. ensure the needle valve is flushed clean during each injectionC. prevent combustion gas blowback into the open needle valveD. prevent reflected pressure waves when the needle valve closes10. The upper piston rings in large, slow-speed, two-stroke cycle diesel engines are most effectively lubricated by oil ____A. fed from mechanical lubricatorsB. thrown off from the main bearingsC. supplied form wick fed drip lubricatorsD. flow from a centrifugal banjo oiler11. In a diesel engine closed freshwater cooling system, the amount of coolant flowing through the heat exchange is controlled by the _____A. section pressure regulatorB. thermostatic bypass valveC. sea water temperatureD. water level in the expansion tank12. The purpose of an after-cooler is to ______A. reduce the turbocharger operation temperatureB. increase the pressure of the inlet airC. increase the density of the inlet airD. reduce the blower operation temperature13. Compressed air is supplied by air compressors to _____A. the air receiversB. the starting valvesC. the cylinder coversD. the distributors14. _____supplies pilot air to control the cylinder air start valves.A. An air receiversB. An indicator cockC. An air distributorD. A safety valve15. Thermocouple pyrometers are used on large, main propulsion diesel engines to indicate the temperature of the ______A. cooling water leaving each cylinderB. fuel oil entering the injectorC. exhaust gases at various locationsD. lube oil at the bearing suppliers16. After starting a diesel engine, which of the listed operating conditions should be checked first?A. Air box pressureB. Lube oil pressureC. Exhaust temperaturesD. Raw water pressure17. A device which functions to bring a diesel engine to a full stop to protect it from damage is known as a/an _____A. torque limiterB. over-speed tripC. over-speed governorD. load limit governor18. Air cocks, usually positioned at the ______in a circulating systems, is used to get rid of the air in the system.A. bending jointB. expansion tankC. weldD. the highest point19. Some medium and high-speed diesel engines require reduction gear units to provide a useful propeller speed. In most reduction gears, the bull gear____A. must churn the oil in the sumpB. is connected to the propeller shaftC. is driven at the highest RPMD. compensates for alignment variations between the engine and pinion gear20. Which of the following statements concerning fire-tube boilers is correct?A. combustion gases flow through the tubesB. flames impinge on the tubesC. combustion occurs in the tubesD. water flows through the tubes21. A bypass line provided around a waste heat auxiliary boiler in a diesel engine exhaust system, may be used to avoid boiler______A. corrosion at low engine loadsB. erosion at high engine loadsC. overload at high engine loadsD. scaling at all exhaust temperature22. The amount of chlonde content in the water of an auxiliary boiler can be reduced by _____A. adding hydrazineB. blowing down the boilerC. adding phenolphthaleinD. adding a sulfite chloride scavenger23. Failure of the burner flame in an automatic auxiliary boiler would probably be a result of______A. water in the fuel oilB. broken high tension leadsC. incorrect electrode settingD. full fuel pressure at the nozzle24. Boiler water hardness is increased by _____A. zero alkalinity to the waterB. scale forming salts in the feed waterC. dissolved gases in the waterD. improper operation of the DS heater25. A screw pump belongs to ______according to its working principleA. reciprocating pumpsB. positive displacement pumpsC. dissolved gases in the waterD. centripetal pumps26. A centrifugal pump operating against a closed discharge valve has a/an_______A. capacity of 100%B. efficiency of 0%C. internal slippage of 0%D. shut off horsepower rating of 100%27. Before disconnecting a joint in a pipeline, you should______A. determine the size of the gasketB. hang a bucket under the jointC. have a first aid kit on handD. be sure no pressure exists in the line28. It is possible to mount a double suction centrifugal pump impeller with the vanes facing in the wrong direction. This would cause the pump ______A. head capacity to improveB. discharge to be reversedC. efficiency to decreaseD. slippage to decrease29. If a centrifugal pump is driven by a constant speed electric motor and produces a discharge pressure less than designed, the cause is probably_____A. excessive pump speedB. excessive suction headC. worn wearing ringsD. gross pump misalignment30. Properties of a good refrigeration oil include_______A. low wax contentB. high pour pointC. high viscosityD. low wax content, high pour point, high viscosity31. The _____ only allows for adjustment of temperature in each room by the occupant manually controlling the air volume admitted.A. central air conditioning systemB. high velocity systemC. low velocity systemD. single duct system32. The process of adding moisture to air to increase the relative humidity is known as______A. sublimation B desiccation C. humidification D. miniaturization33. Sludgy may form in the crankcase of an air conditioning compressor as a result of _____A. bubbling refrigerantB. overheating and oxidationC. lowered operating temperaturesD. reducing the cloud or floc point34. Which of the equipment listed is most effective in processing bilge slops for overboard dischargeA. a 100 PPM oily water separatorB. assembling the lube oil purifier as a separator and aligning it to the bilge overboardC. a 15 PPM oily water separatorD. a magnetic duplex strainer35. When started, a complete oily water separating unit is first filled _____. The oily watermixture is then pumped through the inlet pipe into the coarse separating compartment.A. with dirty waterB. with clean waterC. by oily waterD. by mixed water36. Which is the pollution prevention equipment?A. booster pumpB. evaporatorC. incineratorD. cooler37. Concerning the incinerator’s operation, which of the following is not correct?A. scavenging time should be more than 30 seconds before ignitingB. the oil temperature of waste oil tank is 80-100℃C. first igniting the incinerator with diesel oil when the temperature of hearth is about 600℃, the waste oil is drawn in.D. the ash from incinerator can be dumped into sea no distance limitation38. Bacteria which live ____are said to be aerobicA. in the presence of oxygenB. without oxygenC. in the presence of nutritionD. without nutrition39. For a purifier changing to a gravity disc with smaller hole diameter will move the interface towards the ______A. bowl peripheryB. bowl centerC. upper surfaceD. lower surface40. To ensure lube oil purifier working in normal condition, the interval between two sludgy discharging should not exceed ____ hours.A. 2B. 4C. 5D. 641. Which of the following problems will occur if a disk-type centrifugal lube oil purifier is not properly primed prior to admitting oil flow to the bowl?A. Contamination of the lube oil by emulsification will resultB. The lube oil will not be subjected to the proper centrifugal forceC. The lube oil will overheat and flashD. Oil will discharge from the heavy phase discharge port and be wasted42. A vacuum is initially created in a flash type distilling plant by _____A. the flashing of the feed waterB. the condensation of the saltwater feedC. air ejectors, eductors, of a separate vacuum pumpD. condensation of the distillate43. On which of the following heated surfaces of a flash type evaporator would you be more likely to find soft scale formation?A. Feed-water heater internal tube surfacesB. Internal distillate cooler tubesC. Flash chamber vertical surfacesD. pressure control valve44. What type of valve is used to direct the flow of hydraulic fluid?A. relief valveB. direction control valveC. stop valveD. pressure control valve45. Another name for the “swash plate” in the variable delivery pump is _____A. tiltable discB. gravity discC. distributing discD. catch plate46. The drive motor will have a brake arranged to fail-safe, i.e. it will ___the load if power fails or machine is stopped.A. liftB. putC. takeD. hold47. If the pump for a hydraulic anchor windlass is over heating, the cause may be_____A. increased pump speedB. excessive pump discharge pressureC. too low of a tilting box angleD. low pump speed48. When the power is shut off, the wire____A. becomes slackB. can not be paid out unless the brake is overhauled or recover wire unless manually operatedC. will be let out because the brake is out of workD. may be pay out due to no power49. An additive used to improve the ability of a lube oil to reduce friction is known as a/an ____A. suppressant additiveB. dispersant additiveC. extreme pressure additiveD. viscosity improver additive50. Strainers are commonly used in hydraulic systems to _____A. protect the pump from fine soluble contaminantsB. prevent solid particles from entering the pumpC. prevent solid particles from entering the filterD. protect the directional control valves51. Current changing in direction and rising and falling in value is ____A. A.C.B. D.C. C. generatorD. fresh water generator52. The magnetic field is provided by electromagnet, so arranged that adjacent poles have_____A. opposite polarityB. the same polarityC. negative polarityD. positive polarity53. Prior to closing the breaker when paralleling two AC. generators, the recommended practice is to have the frequency of the incoming machine_____A. slightly less than the line frequencyB. the same as the line frequencyC. slightly greater than the line frequencyD. have nothing to do with the lien frequency54. The power factor at which a paralleled A.C. generator operates is usually adjusted by the ____A. connected loadB. prime mover speedC. field excitationD. generator’s rated voltage54. When you are making a high potential test on a piece of repaired electrical machinery, a rise in leakage current indicates ________A. good insulationB. bad insulationC. high insulation power factorD. a high slot discharge factor56. ______is not a part of the main switchboard on board.A. BusbarB. Load panel of main generatorC. Paralleling panelD. Shore connection box57. Usually, emergency electricity supplies to _____on boardA. cargo winchB. windlassC. steering gearD. main air compressor58. The ground terminal of a starter should be connected to _____A. the common ground pointB. the starter’s frameC. the communicatorD. the starter’s mounting bolts59. The separate supplies are connected in either star or delta formation. The star formation is most commonly used and requires ______ slip-rings on the alternator.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five60. As a general rule, the first troubleshooting action to be taken in checking faulty electric control devices is to ________A. draw a one line diagram of the circuitryB. test all fuses and measure the line voltageC. take megger readingsD. insulate the apparatus from ground9598659 (2009-7-16 14:14:26)61. When measuring AC current flow, you must always connect the meter ______A. in series with the power source and loadB. in parallel with the power source and loadC. insuring correct polarityD. using the lowest range possible to prevent instrument damage62. If a small electric motor is immersed in salt water it should be＿＿＿＿. Ⅰ. washed with free water; Ⅱ.dried in an ovenA. only ⅠB. only ⅡC. both Ⅰand ⅡD. neither Ⅰnor Ⅱ63. “AMIDSHIPS”refers to ________A. back of vesselB. the middle portion of a shipC. a backward movement of a vesselD. across the ship, at right angles to the fore-and-aft centerline64.______is the main cause to the damage of engine parts and excess wearingA. overloadB. the odds of the loadC. the default of engine partsD. overload and the odds of the load65. After “finished with engine”, which of the following cannot be shut off by the duty engineer?A. fuel oil booster pumpB. the main starting valveC. the sea chestD. the main cooling sea water pump66. Which of the following is NOT a recommended safe practice?A. Securing equipment against slipping or driftingB. Operating machinery at its recommended speedC. Repairing loose handles on tools before usingD. Using tools for purposes for which they are not designed67. A class “C” fire would occur in _____A. beddingB. pipe insulationC. paintD. a generator68. If a fire occurs in the boiler room as a result of a leaking fuel line, you should FIRST______A. notify the engineer on watchB. isolate and secure the pipingC. throw sand on the fireD. extinguish the fire using a combination nozzle with applicator69. Which of the following statements is true concerning carbon dioxide when used as a fire extinguishing agent?A. Carbon dioxide is corrosive when exposed to fireB. Carbon dioxide should be applied slowly to a large engine room fireC. Its total cooling effect is far greater than waterD. Its smothering effect is excellent for class B fires70. As a duty engineer, as soon as you hear the fire emergency signal, you should ensure that the _______.A. ring buoys are thrown overboardB. engines are stoppedC. fire pumps are startedD. life preserves have been issued to everyone71. When administering artific ial respiration, it is of the utmost importance to ______A. use the mouth-to-mouth methodB. clear airwaysC. use rhythmic pressure methodD. check the injured person’s hearbeat72. What is the harmful effect of sulfur in a fuel?A. It causes excessive smoking and soot at low firing ratesB. It doesn’t readily burn when combined with oxygenC. It clogs fuel oil strainers more oftenD. It forms a corrosive acid when mixed water or water vapor73. _____, where minor repairs are carried out with a ship in service, often during a stay in port. This may be remote from a ship repair site.A. V oyage repairsB. Routine dockingC. Damager repairsD. Conversion74. When ship in the dock repairing, engine department should emphasize on the inspection of ______.A. sea valve chest and thrusterB. steering gear and the shaft systemC. sea water systemD. fresh water system75. The additional mark________ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery represents that personnel are watching at engine assembly control station and monitoring all machinery and electronic devices.A. BRCB.MCCC.AUT-0D.AUT-176. Each completed page of the Oil Record Book must be signed by the _____A. engineer on watchB. chief engineerC. chief mateD. master77. The International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate required by MARPOL is issued to Chinese flag by the ____A. IMOSCGD.PICC78. If________, the PSCO should proceed to a more detailed inspection.A. the PSCO’s general impression confirm a good standard of maintenanceB. the certificates are validC. the PSCO believes the sh ip doesn’t meet the requirementsD. the PSCO can’t find deficiencies at first glance79. The Port State Control officer may witness a fire drill carried out by the crew assigned to these duties on the ______A. navigation log bookB. engine room log bookC. oil record bookD. muster list80. STCW78-95 Convention states that officer in charge of the engineering watch is the _______ representativeA. ship-owner’sB. master’sC. chief engineer’sD. manager’s81. In the event of minor emergencies when the machinery spaces unattended, ___________will be informed of malfunctions in the machinery by his cabin monitor.A. the chief engineerB. the engineer on cabin watchC. the bridge officer on watchD. the master82. At an unsheltered anchorage the chief engineer officer shall consult with the master whether or not to ______A. do engine repair workB. clean sea water filterC. maintain an underway watchD. take bunkering83. The Pollution Prevention Regulations require that all oil spills in United States waters be reported immediately to the ______A. local port authorityB. corps of engineersC. U.S. coast guardD. state pollution board84. When the garbage is mixed with some discharges having different disposal or discharge requirements, ________shall applyA. any requirement appointed by the PSC officerB. the most suitable requirementC. the most stringent requirementD. no requirement85. According to the SOLAS convention, the engine room emergency bilge water suction should connect with _____A. the main S.W. pumpB. the ballast pumpC. the air-conditioning water pumpD. the main S.W. pump or ballast pump that have the biggest output86. The purpose of the ISM Code is to provide ______standard for the safe management and operation of chips and for pollution prevention.87. ______means the level for which appropriate additional protective security measures shall be maintained for a period of time as a result of heightened risk of a security incident.A. Security level 1B. Security level 2C. Security level 3D. Security level 488. The installation and prevision of fire fighting equipment is mainly subject to ______A. ISM CodeB. ISPS CodeC. JBC CodeD. FSS Code二、关联题（关联提题干下有4个小题，每小题4个选项）第一组：In a closed fresh water system, the engine jackets, the heat exchanger and the circulating pumps form a continuous circuit which is not open to the atmosphere. The cylinder jacket cooling water after leaving the engine passes to a sea water circulating cooler (heat exchanger) and then into the jacket water circulating pumps. It is then pumped around the cylinder jackets, cylinder heads, exhaust valves and turbo-blowers. However, provision has to be made for the expansion of the water due to the increase in temperature and due to small amounts of air which may enter the system and become entrained and for water make-up due to leakages. These are met by a small head tank which is open to the atmosphere and placed at a higher level than any other point in the system so that the small changes in volume can be accommodated by changing the level of the free surface of the water in the tank. The head tank is generally connected into the system at the pump suction, as this minimizes the chance of air being draw into the system at the pump. The minimum height of the head tank may be based on maintaining pressure of fresh water in the heat exchanger above that of the seawater to ensure that in the event of a small internal lock developing seawater cannot enter the fresh water system. Alternatively, it may be based on the need for a minimum pressure to be maintained within the jackets to avoid cavitations effects. The closed systems usually need vents if steam pockets or air locks are not to cause trouble. V ent pipes of small-bore tube are lead from any local high point in the system to the top of the head tank for the release of air from the cooling water. A heater in the circuit facilitates warming of the engine prior to starting by circulating hot water. The temperature of the water entering the engine jackets is regulated by means of a by-pass across the jacket water cooler. The proportions of water passing through the cooler, or bypassing it are controlled by a three-way valve. The temperature is usually adjusted to maintain a constraint outlet water temperature from the engine regardless of the load or speed or the temperature of the seawater. The piston cooling system may be an open system which employs similar components with the closed system, except that a drain tank is used instead of ahead tank and the vent are then led to a hopper or tundish at the high point in the machinery space. The hopper serves as a visual flow indicator. A separate piston cooling system is used to limit any contamination from piston cooling glands to the piston cooling system only.89. The loop of the jacket cooling water is ______A. engine----heat exchanger----circulating pumps-----engineB. heat exchanger-----engine----circulating pumps----heat exchangerC. circulating pumps----heat exchanger-----engine-----circulating pumpsD. circulating pumps----engine-----heat exchanger----head tank90. A small head tank is provided in the closed jacket cooling water system for _____A. water expansionB. water make-upC. warming of the engineD. water expansion and make-up91. The head tank is connected to the closed circuit at _____A. engine inletB. pumps inletC. heat exchange inletD. engine outlet92. The jacket water temperature is regulated to maintain a constraint temperature of ___A. engine inletB. pumps inletC. heat exchanger inletD. engine outlet第二组Following a security incident, in which the response measures outlined in the Ship Security Plan (SSP) have been activated, there will be a thorough review of their effectiveness and details will be made available, on request, to persons duly authorized by the Ship’s Flag State Administration. The Ship Security Plan is not subject to detailed inspection (other than confirming its existence on the ship) by duly authorized officials of a port State unless there are “clear grounds” to believe that the ship as not in compliance with the requirement of SOLAS or the ISPS Code, and the only means to verify or rectify the non-compliance is to review the relevant sections of the Plan. In such cases, access to the Restricted parts of the Plan relating to the non-compliance is exceptionally allowed, but only with the consent of the Flag State, or the master, If the master, in his professional judgment, believes that such “clear grounds” exist, and allowing access to relevant sections of the Restricted part of the Plan might resolve the situation, such access can be exceptionally granted. However, this should be immediately reported by the ship to the Company Security Officer (CSO). If access to the Restricted part of the Plan is denied by the master, this should be immediately reported by the ship to Company Security Officer for guidance and reference to the Flag State.The Confidential part of a SSP cannot be subject to non-flag State inspection unless otherwise agreed by the contracting governments concerned. Any such request or demand by ort state officials to view sections of the confidential part of the Plan will be immediately reported by the ship to the Company Security Officer for guidance and reference to the flag State before any details are revealed to non-flag State officials. The Confidential provisions, which from an integral part of this Plan, are held by the Ship Security Officer (SSO)93. After security incident, the revision of the SSP will made by ______A. the SCOB. the SSOC. persons duly authorized by the Ship’s Flag State AdministrationD. information not given94. Which statement is True?A. The Port State Control Officer has no right to check a SSPB. The M aster has the right to refuse the request from a Port State Control Officer to check the confidential part of the SSP on boardC. The Confidential part of a SSP can never been subject to non-flag StateD. Even the flat State has no right to check the SSP thoroughly95. The Restricted parts of a SSP are kept on board by ______A. the CSOB. the SSOC. the Flag StateD. the master96. After the SSP being checked by a duly authorized officials of a port State, whom should be reported to by the ship immediately?A. Port StateB. Flag stateC. The CSOD. The Administration01-10CBACB DDBAA11-20BCACC BBDBA21-30C(A)BABD(B) DDCCA31-40DCBCB CDABB(D)41-50DCABA DBBCB(A)51-60AACCB DCACB61-70ACBDC DDBDC71-80BDAAB DBCDC81-90BCCCD CBAAD(A)91 BDCDBC 带括号的答案不确定。
第四章关联题79题Passage 1Valve drive mechanismThe valve drive mechanism commands the inlet and exhaust valves at the required timing.The valve drive mechanism consists of an inlet and exhaust cam follower (8) each suspended in a plunger of the tappet assembly (7), two tubular push rods (4) with ball joints, two nodular cast iron rocker arms (2) suspended in a rocker arm bearing bracket, two yokes (5) and a yoke guide pins. See Fig. 4-1.The tappet rollers follow the cam profiles and transfer the movements through push rods to the rocker arms. The rocker arms operate the inlet and exhaust valves through yokes (5).Lubrication for the rocker arms comes from the engine' s secondary oil supply manifold through drillings in the cylinder head and rocker arm bracket.The tappet assembly receives lubricating oil via channels in the engine block from the main supply manifold. For the roller and shaft, the oil is supplied through the guiding plunger.To compensate for heat expansion a clearance must exist between the rocker arm and yoke. Alladjustments have to be done on a cold engine only.Fig-4-1 Valve drive mechanism1. According to the passage, the best time to adjust the valve clearance is_____.A. before the engine is startedB. when the engine is runningC. after the engine has just been stoppedD. when something has gone wrong with the engine2. The roller and the tappet assembly are lubricated by means of ________.A. the main lube systemB. the secondary oil systemC. the special pumping systemD. the turbine oil system3. According to the passage, the valve drive mechanism does not include ________ *A. tappet rollersB. push rodsC. nodular cast ironD. yokes and guide pins4. To close valves tightly, which clearance should be inspected according to the maintenanceschedule?A. The one between the cam and the tappet roller.B. The one between the push rods and the ball joints.C. The one between the rocker aims and the yokeD. The one between two tubular push rods.AACCPassage 2Charge air coolerThe engine is equipped with a charge air cooler. The insert type charge air cooler is mounted in a welded casing (air trunk) . The trunk is bolted to the engine block.Standard is a two-stage cooler mounted. The first stage, through which the charge air flows, is cooled with water from the HT cooling system and cools the charge air till approx. 90 – 100℃. The second stage is supplied with water coming from the LT water system and cools the charge air further till the required temperature of approx. 50℃. By controlling the water flow through the LT cooler the charge air temperature can be kept constant at the required temperature.The circulating coolant water should always be under positive pressure and should be as clean as possible. The operating air temperature should be maintained by controlling the coolant inlet temperature.Whilst the engine is running the air and coolant temperatures and pressures at inlet and outlet should be checked and logged periodically. Variations from normal indicate faults developing such as fouling of the film plates or obstruction of the water tubes.Check daily, during operation of the engine, the working of the telltale hole at the free end of the charge air receiver. The function of this hole is to inform the operator the presence of water in the charge air receiver. Under normal condition only compressed air should escape from this hole.1. According to the passage, the expression " HT" probably means ________.A. HIGH TANKB. HIGH TEMPERATUREC. HEAT TRANSMISSIOND. HEAT TRANSFER2. In order to maintain the charge air temperature we should control ________.A. the coolant inlet temperature coming from the first stage coolerB. the coolant flow coming from the second stage coolerC. the coolant outlet temperature coming from the second stage coolerD. the coolant flow coming from the first stage cooler3. The charge air temperature departing from normal may indicate that _____A. condensate can be formedB. only compressed air should escape from the telltaleC. the film plates are becoming dirty or the water tubes are blocked by scaleD. cooling water may have been carried into the cylinders4. The function of the telltale hole is to ________.A. detect whether compressed air has escaped from the holeB. control the coolant inlet temperatureC. determine whether the coolant water is under positive pressureD. inform the operator the presence of water in the charge air receiverBBCDPassage 3Starting air systemThe engine is started with compressed air of max 30 bar. Minimum pressure required is 15 bar. A pressure transmitter PT301 mounted on the starting air line before the main starting valve has an indicator in the instrument panel. The supply line from the starting air bottles is provided with a non return valve and a drain valve.The solenoid valve is electrical (remote control) or manual ( on the engine) operated and send after activation a pilot air signal to the main starting air valve. Interruption of the control air doses the main starting air valve.After the main starting air valve is activated the air flows through the flame arrestere to the starting air valves in the cylinder heads. Part of the air flows via the starting air distributor to each of the starting air valves in the cylinder heads. The starting air distributor controls the timing of opening and closing of the starting air valves. On the moment the main starting air valve is operated also the governor booster is energized. The main starting air line is provided of a safety valve. Interlock valve is a safety device to avoid an engine start with engaged turning gear.1. As the engine is started with compressed air, the correct sequence of the following devices beingactivated is ________.①solenoid valve; ② starting air valve; ③ starting air distributor; ④ main starting air valve ;⑤governor booster.A. ①,⑤,④,②,③B. ①,④,⑤,③,②C. ①,④,③,②,⑤D. ④,③,①,②,⑤2. The sentence " the governor booster is energized" ( paragraphs) probably means ________.A. the governor booster is supplied with electric powerB. hydraulic oil is pumped into the governor boosterC. the governor starts to work before starting the engineD. the governor booster is supplied with pressurized air before starting the engine3. Which of the following components are attached to the air bottles?A. a pressure transmitter FT 301B. a non-return valve and a drain valveC. a solenoid valveD. a starting air distributor4. When the engine is engaged with turning gear,________ can keep the engine from startingA. the control airB. the solenoid valveC. the main starting air valveD. the interlock valveBDBDPassage 4Starting air distributorThe starting air distributor is of the piston type with precision machined inter changeable liners.The liners as well as the pilot pistons are of corrosion resistant materials. The pilot pistons are controlled by a cam connected to the camshaft end. When the main starting valve opens, the pilot pistons are pressed onto the cam, whereby the pilot piston for the engine cylinder which is in starting position admits control air to the main piston of the starting valve. The starting air valve opens and admits compressed air into the engine cylinder forcing that piston down. Shortly before the exhaust valves are opened the pilot valve interrupts the control air to the starting air valve and starting air to that cylinder is stopped. This procedure will be repeated as long as the main starting valve is activated or until the engine speed is so high that the engine fires. After the main starting air valve is closed, the main starting air system is de-aerated, the pressure drops quickly and the springs will lift the pilot plungers off the cam. This means that the pilot plungers touch the cam only during the starting process and thus wear is insignificant.If a pilot liner is worn out, press it out. It may be necessary to heat the distributor up till about 200ºC as "Loctite" is used for fixing and sealing.1. According to the passage, the liners of the starting air distributor ________.A. can be replaced when worn outB. are made of heat resistant materialsC. are welded preciselyD. are worn out easily during the starting process2. During the starting process, when ________, the main starting air valve is closed.A. the exhaust valves in the starting cylinder are openedB. the pilot air to the starting air valve is stoppedC. the engine speed reaches fire speedD. the pilot pistons are pressed onto the cam3. When some cylinder of the engine admits compressed air into it, the pilot piston of the starting airdistributor should be _________.A. separated from the camB. pressed onto the camC. lifted off the camD. pressed onto the cam repeatedly4. From the passage we know that "Loctite" is probably________.A. a type of gasketB. a kind of lubricantC. a glue bondD. an anti-corrosion additiveACBCPassage 5The engine' s supporting element consists of a bedplate and frame. The bedplate can be of welded or cast design. The frame is made of cast iron. The turbocharger mounting, the housing for the air cooler and the charging air receiver are cast as an integral part of the frame. The underslung crankshaft' s main bearings are mounted in bores in the frame and secured with main bearing caps of steel. The caps are guided sideways and are secured by means of threaded studs and nuts that are tightened hydraulically.The caps are also secured with horizontal bracing screws in the frame.The bearing shells are produced with a tolerance that makes it possible to change them a set at a time without any scraping-in.The top flanges of the cylinder liners are forced against the top face of the frame by the cylindercovers , whereas at the bottom they are guided by a bottom flange through which they are free to expand under the effects of heat. Tightness between the water chamber and the crankcase is achieved with two rubber rings inserted in slots in the guide surface of the cylinder liner.The camshaft is driven from the crankshaft through a gearing, which is mounted on the engine's flywheel end and covered by a 2-part shield. The camshaft runs in steel bushes lined with white metal.In each side of the frame, large openings are provided for inspection of roller guides, cams and the main and crank bearings. The openings have covers, some of which are provided with crankcase explosion relief valves that equalize the pressure if the oil vapors in the crankcase are ignited, for example as a result of hot running.The bedplate can be used as a lubricating oil reservoir and is therefore provided with a dipstick. The oil can, however, be drained off to a special bottom tank, so that the engine runs with a dry sump.A fuel oil pump of the gear type is driven from the camshaft through a clutch. A lubricating oil pump, which is of the same type, is driven by a clutch mounted on the end of the crankshaft or, for propulsion plant, through a flexible gear wheel drive.(The following questions are based on the passage above)1. This passage is mainly about ________.A. the construction of an engineB. how the engine worksC. the lube and cooling system of an engineD. when the crankcase explosion occurs2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an integral part of the frame?A. Turbocharger mountingB. Bearing capsC. Air cooler housingD. Scavenging air reservoir3. The camshaft ________.A. is supported by bearingsB. may not drive the fuel oil pump in some casesC. will not drive a lube oil pumpD. All of the above are true.4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The frame is made of cast iron.B. There are underslung bearings in this engine.C. Four rubber rings ensure the tightness between the crankcase and the water chamber.D. Relief valves are provided on the frame.ABDCPassage 6The cylinder cover is made of cast iron and is provided with two inlet valves, two exhaust valves, a central mounted fuel injection valve and an indicator valve. The inlet valves are mounted with separate seating rings made of special heat-resistant cast iron.These rings are pressed into the cylinder cover in cooled conditions. The exhaust valve seatings are special, water-cooled seating rings. These rings are also pressed into the cylinder cover in cooled conditions.Each cylinder cover is provided with cooling water from a screwed-on tubular cooling water jacket through radial bores in the thick bottom of the cover. Each of the radial bores is connected to two side bores. The cover has further separate bores that lead to the cooling water jacket and the bores in the cylinder cover to a common outlet chamber. The cylinder cover and cylinder liner are assembled by means of four threaded studs screwed into the frame. Tightening is effected by means of hydraulic tools, and sealing by means of a thin ring mounted between the cylinder cover and the cylinder liner. A starting valve ismounted on the side of the cylinder cover.The engine has oil-cooled pistons of cast iron. The pistons are provided with three compression rings and a spring-loaded scraper ring. A space for cooling oil is provided at the top of the piston. The scraper ring prevents lubricating oil from being drawn up into the combustion chamber.Oil for cooling the piston crown is led from a bore in the crankshaft through a channel in the connecting rod and the connecting rod journal, to die bushing for the gudgeon pin. This bushing is provided with an annular groove from which part of the oil is led for lubricating the gudgeon pin. Tile remaining oil continues through bores in the gudgeon pin and the piston to piston cooling chamber.(The following questions are based on the passage above)1. This passage is mainly about ________.A. cylinders and cylinder coversB. cylinders and pistonsC. cylinder covers and pistonsD. cylinders and oil2. Which of the following may be provided on top of the cylinder cover';'A. Two exhaust valvesB. A starting valveC. An indicatorD. All of the above3. Which of the following is true?A. The inlet valve seating rings are of heat-resistant cast steel.B. There are six studs by which the cylinder cover and lin er are tightened.C. The exhaust valve seatings are cooled by water.D. A copper ring is mounted between the cylinder cover and the liner.4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The pistons are cooled by oil.B. Four piston rings are fitted to each piston.C. The scraper ring scrapes the oil downwards.D. The piston cooling is of splash type -CACDPassage 7Each of the engine cylinders is provided with a Bosch, type PF, fuel pump. The fuel pump is a single-acting plunger pump with non-adjustable stroke. The plunger is so accurately ground and lapped that its clearance inside the barrel is only 0.002 ~ 0.003 nun. This provides sufficient tightness between plunger and barrel, even at pressures as high as 200 - 400 bar, without the need for sealing materials. Neither the plunger nor the barrel can therefore be renewed individually. The plunger pressure stroke is produced by a cam on the engine camshaft, whereas the return stroke, the suction stroke is effected by means of a strong coil spring. The top of the pump barrel is closed by a spring-loaded pressure valve, to which the fuel oil pipe for the respective fuel valve on the relevant engine cylinder is connected.Regulation of the amount of fuel delivered by the fuel pump is achieved by turning the pump plunger, the cylindrical surface of which has a milled recess. The bottom of this recess ends with an edge, which is at right angles to the cylinder generating lines, whereas the top of the recess is limited by a helix. This produces an inclined control edge on the plunger, which also has a narrow longitudinal groove. In the pump barrel are drilled two diametrical holes through which the fuel oil can flow into the fuel pump barrel. The pump barrel is surrounded by a regulating sleeve, the upper end of which is shaped as a toothed rim. The lower end has two lengthwise slots in which projecting lugs on the lower end of the plunger can slide up and down. The end of the regulating rod from the engine governor is designed as a toothed rack thatengages with the toothed rim on the end of the regulating sleeve. This makes it possible to turn the pump plunger during engine operation.(The following questions are based on the passage above)1. The fuel pump ________.A. is of PF typeB. is of reciprocating typeC. has an inlet valve and an outlet valveD. A and B are true.2. The plunger ________.A. is accurately ground and lapped outside the barrelB. has a tiny clearance inside the barrelC. can be renewed individually when worn outD. All of the above are true3. Which of the following is true?A. The stroke of the plunger can be adjustedB. The outlet valve is spring loadedC. The plunger down stroke is accomplished by the springD. B and C are true.4. It can be inferred that when moving the rack ________.A. the sleeve moves up and downB. the plunger moves up and downC. the effective stroke of the pump will be changedD. All of the above are true.DBDCPassage 8Governing prime movers, particularly diesel engines, require careful consideration. The cyclic variations of a diesel cycle can be passed into the governor drive if it is too "stiff". That is, the cyclic vibrations will be imposed on the internal gearing etc. inside the governor housing. To prevent this, some form of damper should be used on the drive into the governor. The mounting point for the governor should be rigid; a vibration mounting would soon downgrade even the best of governors. Chain or belt drives should be avoided as far as possible, as slapping of the belt or chain produces speed variations causing malfunction of the governor. Similarly the drive from the end of the camshaft is subject to torsional vibrations, and governors should not be located at that point. They should be located as close as practicable to the fuel pumps, thereby limiting the mass/inertia of operating linkage. In all cases, the governor should be matched to the engine requirements in terms of droop, load limiting, response time etc. On large engines there is an inertial resistance to acceleration within the masses of reciprocating and rotating elements of the engine, so that during acceleration fuel could be released to the cylinders at a faster rate than efficient combustion can burn it. In an attempt to compensate for this, and to maintain acceptable combustion during acceleration, a tapping from the scavenge space may be taken and the pressure used to regulate the rate of fuel released to the engine. This process is incorporated into the governor operating system so that the governor releases a quantity of fuel commensurate with the increase in air pressure in the scavenge space. ( during deceleration the problem is not so great, as excess air can be tolerated far more easily than can the incomplete combustion associated with insufficient air.)(The following questions are based on the passage above)1. This passage is mainly about ________.A. mounting the governorsB. the scavenge pressure limit to the governorC. A and BD. how the governor regulates the fuel index2. The drive to the governor ________.A. should be rigidB. should use damperC. should use chains or beltsD. should be from the end of the cam shaft3. The governor should be mounted close to the fuel pumps ________.A. for limiting the inertia effectB. for limiting the loadC. to ensure speed droopD. to cut down the cost4. It can be inferred that with scavenge pressure limit ________.A. the engine can be accelerated rapidlyB. the engine can be decelerated rapidlyC. the governor will supply fuel oil efficientlyD. the combustion will be more complete CBADPassage 9After the shut-off valve of the starting air receiver has been opened, the air flows at full pressure through the filter to the main start valve "A" (with complicated construction), thereby applying pressure to pipe between the main start valve "A" and the starting air control valve. Providing that maneuvering hand wheel is in the "Stop" position, all other pipes are without pressure.If the wheel is turned towards the "Start" position, a pawl above the starting air control valve is actuated and the valve is opened, allowing air to flow to the main start valve "A" . It opens to allow a direct through-flow of air. All cylinder starting valves are thus exposed to air pressure and, furthermore, air flows to the starting air distributor, which is controlled by the camshaft. The distributor has a series of slide valves arranged radially around the camshaft-one slide valve for each cylinder. These supply pilot air to the cylinder starting valves with pistons in the "Start" position. The rotation of the engine crankshaft commences, after which the cylinder starting valves are opened in the correct sequence - The crankshaft is thus brought to speed of rotation necessary for compression and ignition.When the maneuvering hand wheel is turned, the governor is actuated through a flexible cable setting the fuel pumps. However, a fuel index limiting arrangement is inserted, which keeps the regulating shaft and thus the fuel pumps at zero index during the starting process, ensuring that fuel is not injected into a cylinder during the supply of starting air.When the engine crankshaft has reached the necessary speed, the hand wheel is turned further past the "Start" position with the result that the arm above the starting air control valve is released and the valve is closed and vented. At the same time, the control piston in the main start valve "A" is also vented , thus blocking the supply of air to the cylinder starting vales, the starting air distributor and the fuel index limiter. Gradually, as the handle is turned further towards the maximum position. The governor increases the fuel pump index and the crankshaft rotates more quickly. The governor ensures that the maximum permissible speed is not exceeded.(The following questions are based on the passage above)1. This passage is about ________.A. starting air system and speed regulating systemB. start of the engineC. governorD. crankshaft2. If the shut-off valve of the starting air receiver is opened ________.A. the cylinder starting valves are subject to pressureB. the air flows to the starting air distributorC. the starting air control valve is actuatedD. None of the above is true.3. tf the hand wheel is positioned "start"________.A. the starting air control valve will be openedB. individual starting valve on each cylinder will be exposed to pressureC. there will be cylinder starting valve or valves openedD. All of the above are true.4. During the supply of starting air to the cylinder ________.A. air is consumedB. fuel oil may be supplied to the cylinder or cylinderd for reliable startingC. the control piston in the main start valve "A" is ventedD. All of the above are true.BDDAPassage 10The governor drive is placed on the stem end of the engine and consists of a cylindrical gear wheel which is driven by the gear wheel on the camshaft, plus a set of conical gears. The function of the governor is to control the effective stroke of the fuel pumps, so that the rev/min of the crankshaft is maintained constant within certain limits, independent of the load.The action of the governor is transferred through arms and draw rods to a longitudinal regulating shaft on which a 2-part arm is provided for each fuel pump. The 2-part arm comprises an aim holder and a spring lever which are connected by a spring, thereby enabling the governor to control the pumps even if one of the pump pistons seizes. The movement is transferred from the spring lever to the toothed rack of the pump through a linkage.The regulating shaft is also provided with a stop arm which can be moved by the piston rod in a stop cylinder that is activated when the engine' s overspeed trip comes into operation. The piston rod in the stop cylinder influences the stop arm, whereby the regulating shaft is turned and the fuel pumps are set in the "Stop" position, thus stopping the engine. The Woodward governor tries to maintain the regulating shaft in the "Running" position, but between the governor and the regulating shaft there is a flexible draw rod that can be compressed and thus allows the regulating shaft to be moved into the " Stop" position.If a cylinder is to be set out of action, e.g. when measuring the compression pressure, the spring lever and thereby the toothed rack of the relevant fuel pump is moved to the zero position.(The following questions are based on the passage above)1. This passage is mainly about ________.A. working of the governorB. the camshaftC. fuel index regulating of the engineD. the fuel pump2. The governor ________.A. is driven directly by the crankshaftB. is driven with chains by the camshaftC. is in the middle partD. None of the above is true.3. If a fuel pump piston seizes ________A. the stop cylinder will be activatedB. the governor will be damagedC. the relevant spring will be compressedD. the flexible joint will be compressed4. When measuring die compression pressure in the cylinder ________.A. the engine should be stoppedB. the fuel pump should be stoppedC. the toothed rack of the relevant fael pump should be moved to zero positionD. None of the above is true.CDCCPassage 11Where routine maintenance is concerned, the governor should be checked regularly for adequate lubrication. The operating range is usually quite small, giving a tendency for them to wear over limited areas . Then a sudden and larger change in speed than normal may carry the governor onto a ridge of debris or gummy oil deposit so that it may stick at that point. To restrict this problem as far as possible, the governor pivots, slide, etc. should be cleaned and well lubricated whenever possible. It should be born in mind that the governor structure is such that, were the spring to fracture in any way, the flyweights would be able to move outwards and shut the engine down. The connections from the governor to the fuel racks should be designed in such a way that the governor can both increase and decrease the fuel within the bounds of some hand setting; i.e. the governor can adjust the fuel settings but cannot release more fuel to the engine than is dictated by some predetermined value set by the engine operator.To overcome the above limitations of the CF governor, "servo governors" have been developed. These use the power of hydraulics to pump the heavier fuel rack systems associated with larger engines in to the desired position. This "powered" operation is rapidly and accurately achieved, and the hydraulic flow can be either electrically or mechanically controlled. The speed sensing can be done by a tachometer arrangement that can be set to the desired speed, and on sensing any variation a solenoid operated flow valve allows pressurized hydraulic flow into a servo system of pistons/plungers which resets the rack positions. Although this system is quite effective, more mechanically controlled governors are fitted to larger engines. These use the principle of the CF governor, i.e. fly weights acting against spring pressure, but instead of the slide working directly onto the fuel racks it simply regulates the flow of hydraulic fluid to servo pistons controlling the rack positions. this system therefore has the proven reliability and sensitivity of the small CF governor and yet develops quite a large governor effort through the hydraulic fluid.(The following questions are based on the passage above)1. Which of the following is the reason that the governor discussed sticks?A. The governor is not sensitive normally.B. It is because of wear in normal working range.C. The change of speed is too smallD. All of the above are true.2. If the spring fractured ________.A. the fly weights would fracture tooB. the speed would be greatly increasedC. the operator would set the valueD. the fuel would be cut off3. From the first paragraph we know that the fuel index ________.A. will exceed the predetermined upper limit on on accountB. will exceed the predetermined limit if the load is too highC. will invariably stuck。
The operation of paralleling two alternators requires the voltages to be equal and also in phase. The alternating current output of any machine is always changing, so for two machines to operate together their voltages must be changing at the same rate or frequency, and must be reaching their maximum (or any other value) together. They are then said to be "in phase". Use is nowadays made of a synchroscope when paralleling two a.c. machines. The synchroscope has two windings which are connected one to each side of the paralleling switch. A pointer is free to rotate and is moved by the magnetic effect of the two windings. When the two voltage supplies are in phase the pointer is stationary in the 12 o'clock position. If the pointer is rotating then a frequency difference exists and the dial is marked for clockwise rotation FAST and anti-clockwise rotation SLOW, the reference being to the incoming machine frequency. To parallel an incoming machine to a running machine therefore it is necessary to ensure firstly that both voltages are equal. Voltmeters are provided for this purpose.Secondly the frequencies must be brought into phase. In practice the synchroscope usually moves slowly in the FAST direction and the paralleling switch is closed as the pointer reached the 11o'clock position. This results in the incoming machine immediately accepting a small amount of load. A set of three lamps may be provided to enable synchronizing. The sequence method of lamp connection has a key lamp connected across one phase with two other lamps cross connected over the other phases. If the frequencies of the machines are different the lamps will brighten and darken in rotation, depending upon the incoming frequency being FAST or SLOW. The correct moment for synchronizing is when the key lamp is dark and the other two are equally bright.87. What device is used to parallel two alternators nowadays?A. A pointer.B. Two windingsC. A synchroscopeD. Two synchronizing lamps88. When two alternators are said to be "in phase", ____.A. their current outputs are changingB. their voltages are changing at the same rateC. they are connected one to each side of the paralleling switchD. they have the same maximum voltage89. In practice, the paralleling switch is closed as the synchroscope pointer reaches the 11 o'clock position while it is moving ___.A. in the FAST sectionB. in the SLOW sectionC. towards the FAST directionD. towards the SLOW direction90. The correct moment for synchronizing is when .A. three lamps are equally brightB. three lamps darken in rotationC. the key lamp is bright and the other two lamps are darkD. the key lamp is dark and the other two lamps are equally bright课本第212页轮机英语管理级教材内容关联题仅供参考！The PSCO may determine if responsible ship's personnel are familiar with their duties related to operating essential machinery, such as emergency and stand-by sources of electrical power, auxiliary steering gear, bilge and fire pumps and any other equipment essential in emergency situations. For stand-by generator engine, the responsible ship's personnel should be familiar with the possibilities to start it, automatic or by hand, blackout procedures and load-sharing system. For emergency generator, they must be familiar with the actions which are necessary before the engine can be started, different possibilities to s tart the engine in combination with the source of starting energy and the procedures when the first attempts to start the engine fail. The responsible engineering officer should be familiar with which type of auxiliary steering gear system applies to the ship, how it is indicated which steering gear unit is in operation and what action is needed to bring the auxiliary steering gear into operation. The responsible personnel ought to be familiar with the number and location of bilge pumps (including emergency bilge pumps) and fire pumps (including emergency fire pump) installed on board the ship, starting procedures for those pumps, appropriate valves to operate the pumps and most likely causes of failure of bilge pump operation and their possible remedies. The PSCO may also verify whether the responsible personnel are familiar with:(1) starting and maintenance of lifeboat engine and/or rescue boat engine,(2) emergency stops, fire detection system and alarm system operation of watertight and fire doors, and (3) change of control from automatic to manual for cooling water and lube oil systems for main and auxiliary engines and maintenance procedures for batteries.91. According to this passage, for auxiliary steering gear, the responsible ship's personnel should be familiar with .A. the possibilities to start itB. the procedures when the first attempts to start it failC. the necessary action to bring it into operationD. most likely causes of failure of it and their possible remedies92. 'The possibilities to start it' here means . ①the different emergency situations in which it should be started ②the likely or suitable choices of its starting methods ③the opportunities to get it startedA. ①B. ②C. ③D. none of ①②③93. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as essential machinery or equipment?A. The incinerator.B. The stand-by generator engine.C. The bilge pumps.D. The watertight doors.94. According to this passage, as to the emergency generator, the responsible ship's personnel must be familiar with not only the possibilities to start the engine, but also ____.A. the blackout proceduresB. the load-sharing systemC. the indication of which unit is in operationD. the source of starting energy课本第349-350页Circuit breakers must be capable of making and breaking under normal conditions and also abnormal conditions such as a short circuit. As the circuit breaker must be able to withstand closing onto a fault conditions without sustaining damage, it is of heavy construction. Fitted with an over current release mid overloads with time lags, a circuit breaker can be used as follows: to control the output of a generator; as a direct on line starter and to control outgoing feeder circuits.On modern switchboards, "draw out" circuit breakers may be fitted. In the open position the whole circuit breaker can be wound clear of the bus bars, thus full inspection and maintenance can be achieved without the necessity of de-energizing the bus bars.The "plug in" contacts joining the circuit breaker to the bus bars are not capable of taking the breaking load and it is essential that the circuit breaker is in the open position before any attempt is made to withdraw it. A mechanical interlock is fitted arranged to trip the circuit breaker before the winding handle can be inserted.The breaker also has a mid position. In this position the control circuits are still connected with the bus bar connection isolated. The electrical operation of the breaker can then be tested.Circuit breakers are normally fitted with under voltage protection and tripping is accomplished by shorting, which releases the latching in mechanism. The no-volt coil may also be open circuited by a reverse power relay and an overload trip fitted with a time delay.83. A circuit breaker can be used as follows except .A. to control outgoing feeder circuitsB. to act as a direct on line starterC. to take the breaking load on lineD. to control the output of a generator84. A "draw out" circuit breaker refers to a circuit breaker .A. which can be made clear of the bus bars by using a winding handleB. which can be made clear of the bus bars by plugging in contactsC. whose test can be carried out with the control circuits still connectedD. whose test can be carried out with the bus bar connection isolated85. A mechanical interlock is fitted .A. to take the breaking load when the circuit breaker is being withdrawnB. to put the circuit breaker, before being withdrawn, in the open positionC. to put the circuit breaker, before being withdrawn, in the mid positionD. to take the breaking load when the contacts join the circuit breaker to the bus bars86. According to this passage, the electrical operation of this kind of circuit breaker can be tested when __ .①the Circuit breaker at mid position ②the bus bar connection is isolated③the control circuits are linkedA. ①B. ②C. ②③D. ①②③课本第218-219页Under the terms of the ISPS Code, shipping companies are required to designate a Company Security Officer (CSO) for the company and a Ship Security Officer (SSO) for each of its ships. The CSO’s responsibilities include ensuring that a Ship SecurityAssessment (SSA) is properly carried out, that Ship Security Plans (SSPs) are prepared and submitted for approval by the Administration and thereafter that the plan is implemented on board each ship.The Ship Security Plan should indicate the minimum operational and physical security measures that the ship itself should implement at all times (i.e. security level1) unless required to operate at a higher security level. The plan should also indicate theadditional, or intensified, security measures the ship can take to move to and operate at security level 2 when instructed to do so. Furthermore, the plan should indicate the possible preparatory actions the ship could take to allow prompt response to instructions that may be issued to the ship at security level 3.1.Under the terms of the ISPS code, a shipping company is required to designate ______.A. SCOB. SSOC. CSO and SSOD. SSP and SSA2.Which one of CSO’responsibilities is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. ensuring that the SSA is properly carried outB. ensuring that SSPs are prepared and submitted for approvalC. ensuring that the SSA is implemented on board each shipD.performing regular security inspections of the ship3.The SSP should contain all of the following items except______.A. minimum operational and physical security measures to be taken at security level 1B. additional security measures to be taken at security level 2C. intensified security measures to be taken at security level 3D.procedures for SSA4.In order to respond quickly to instructions that may be issued to the ship at security level 3,besides additional intensified security measures ______should be included in the ship’s SSP.A. minimum security measuresB.preparatory actions that could be takenC. orders from SSOD. orders from CSO课本第402页At every dry-docking, propellers should be carefully examined and the slightest defect at once rectified. Similarly, any unusual vibration or noise whilst at sea should beinvestigated immediately and, if the cause cannot be found inboard, then the first opportunity must be taken of an under-water inspection. The expert examination and repair of propellers is a service provided by the leading manufacturers. Whenever possible, use should be made of this service because, first, it is not always easy to detect slight damage and, secondly,inexpert work can quite easily cause irreparable harm.Cracks formed at or near blade edges, no matter how small, are potentially dangerous. If a crack should be found close to the boss(within 0.45 of the propeller radius) the makers should be consulted as any repair in this region involving heating can leave very high residual stresses which can only be removed by annealing the complete propeller. Small cracks can be temporarily stopped from spreading by drilling a hole of at least 1 mm indiameter at the extremity of the crack. The hole should be plugged to avoid any risk ofcavitation.1.An under-water inspection should be taken _____.A. whenever any unusual vibration occursB. whenever any abnormal noise occursC. whenever the cause for any unusual vibration or noise while at sea cannot be foundinboardD. whenever every dry docking is carried out2.Why should the service provided by the leading manufacturers be used wherever possible ?A. Only because the service is free of charge.B. Only because it is not easy to detect slight damage.C. Only because inexpert work can quite easily cause irreparable harm.D. Because it is difficult to find slight damage and inexpert work can result in irreparableharm.3.If a crack should be found near the boss (within 0.45 of the propeller radius), which actionshould be taken first ?A. repairing this regionB. annealing the complete propellerC. consulting the makersD. drilling a hole with diameter less than 1 mm4.Which of the following statements is true ?A. If cracks formed near blade edges are very small, no care should be taken.B. Only by annealing the complete propeller can the high residual stresses be removed.C. Small cracks can be permanently stopped from spreading by drilling a hole.D. The hole should be drilled at the middle of the crack.课本第315页第4题(B)The windlass is the usual anchor-handling device where one machine may be used to handle both anchors. 第4题(A) A more recent development, particular on larger vessels, is the split windlass where one machine is used for each anchor.第1题The rotating units of a split windlass consist of a cable lifter with shaped snug to grip the anchor cable, a mooring dram for paying out or letting go of mooring wires and a warp end for warping duties. 第3题Each of these units may be separately engaged or disengaged by means of a dog clutch, although the warp end is often driven in association with mooting drum. 第2题(A) spur gear assembly transmits the motor drive to the shaft where the various dog clutches enable the power take-off. Separate band brakes are fitted to hold the cable lifter and the mooring drum when the power is switched off.The cable lifter unit is mounted so as to raise and lower the cable from the spurling pipe, which is at the top and the chain or cable locker.第4题(C)Anchor capstans are used in some installations where the cable lifter rotates about a vertical axis. 第4题(D)Only the cable lifter unit is located on deck, the driving machinery being on the deck below.1. According to the Passage, the rotating units of a split windlass don't include_____.A. a cable lifterB. a mooring drumC. a chain lockerD. a warp end注：根据文章来看，分离式锚机的旋转部件不包括: 锚链舱。
轮机英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. What is the term for the main engine of a ship?A. PropellerB. RudderC. EngineD. Boiler2. Which of the following is not a type of marine fuel?A. DieselB. BunkerC. GasolineD. Heavy Fuel Oil3. What does the abbreviation "SOLAS" stand for?A. Society of Legal and Administrative StudiesB. Safety of Life at SeaC. Special Operations and Logistics AssistanceD. Ship Operating and Lifesaving Systems4. What is the purpose of a ship's anchor?A. To propel the shipB. To steer the shipC. To secure the ship when not in motionD. To lift heavy objects5. The term "deadweight tonnage" refers to:A. The weight of the ship's hullB. The maximum weight a ship can carryC. The weight of the ship's cargoD. The weight of the ship's fuel6. What is the function of a ship's bilge?A. To store fresh waterB. To collect and pump out water from the hullC. To provide buoyancyD. To store oil7. Which of the following is a navigational instrument?A. CompassB. Engine roomC. LifeboatD. Anchor8. What is the term for the lowest part of a ship's hull?A. DeckB. HullC. KeelD. Stern9. What does "GM" stand for in ship stability calculations?A. Gross MassB. Gross TonnageC. Gantry MastD. Metacentric Height10. The International Maritime Organization is abbreviated as:A. IMOB. ITUC. ISOD. ILO二、填空题（每题1分，共5分）11. The main components of a ship's propulsion system include the ______, propulsion shaft, and propeller.12. The ______ is the person responsible for the operation and maintenance of the ship's engine.13. The term "freeboard" refers to the distance between the waterline and the ______ of the ship.14. A ship's ______ is the area where the crew lives and works.15. The ______ is a document that provides information about the ship's safety equipment and procedures.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. Explain the difference between a cargo ship and a tanker.17. Describe the role of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in maritime safety.18. What are the main factors considered when designing a ship's hull?19. Discuss the importance of regular maintenance of a ship's engine.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）20. Discuss the environmental impact of maritime transportation and how it can be mitigated.21. Analyze the challenges faced by a ship's crew during a long voyage and how they can be addressed.五、翻译题（每题5分，共10分）22. Translate the following sentence into English: “船舶的稳性是指船舶在受到外力作用时，能够保持平衡的能力。
关联题（136题）Passage 1Valve drive mechanismThe valve drive mechanism commands the inlet and exhaust valves at the required timing.The valve drive mechanism consists of an inlet and exhaust cam follower (8) each suspended in a plunger of the tappet assembly (7), two tubular push rods (4) with ball joints, two nodular cast iron rocker arms (2) suspended in a rocker arm bearing bracket, two yokes (5) and a yoke guide pin.s. See Fig. 4-1.The tappet rollers follow the cam profiles and transfer the movements through push rods to the rocker arms. The rocker arms operate the inlet and exhaust valves through yokes (5).Lubrication for the rocker arms comes from the engine’s secondary oil supply manifold through drillings in the cylinder head and rocker arm bracket.The tappet assembly receives lubricating oil via channels in the engine block from the main supply manifold. For the roller and shaft, the oil is supplied through the guiding plunger.To compensate for heat expansion a clearance must exist between the rocker arm and yoke. Alladjustments have to be done on a cold engine only.Fig-4-1 Valve drive mechanism1. According to the passage, the best time to adjust the valve clearance is _____.A. before the engine is startedB. when the engine is runningC. after the engine has just been stoppedD. when something has gone wrong with the engine2. The roller and the tappet assembly are lubricated by means of ________.A. the main lube systemB. the secondary oil systemC. the special pumping systemD. the turbine oil system3. According to the passage, the valve drive mechanism does not include ______.A. tappet rollersB. push rodsC. nodular cast ironD. yokes and guide pins4. To close valves tightly, which clearance should be inspected according to the maintenance schedule?A. The one between the cam and the tappet roller.B. The one between the push rods and the ball joints.C. The one between the rocker aims and the yokeD. The one between two tubular push rods.AACCPassage 2Compressor cleaning during engine operationThe compressor may be cleaned by water injection during the engine operation. The cleaning process will have good results as long as the deposit formation has not gone too far. In ease a very thick hardened crest of dirt the compressor has to be dismantled for cleaning.In this method of cleaning the water is not acting as a solvent but instead removes the deposits mechanically by the impact of the water droplets. It is therefore recommended to use clean water without additives. The water should not contain any additives which might remain on the compressor blades.Periodically cleaning of the compressor (Fig. 4-2) prevents or delays excessive build-up of dirt but in no way replaces the usual overhauls where the turbocharger is completely dismantled.The turbocharger is provided with a water container (1). During the cleaning procedure the container is pressurized with the charge air (2) and from where the water is forced to the compressor inlet (3).1. Which of the following statements can be used to clean the compressor with the engine running?A. Water droplets Water with additives C. Charge air D. Hard crust2. What principal is used in this method of cleaning?A. The cleanser solves the deposits.B. The cleanser melts the deposits.C. The cleanser beats the deposits mechanically.D. The high pressure of the cleanser removes the deposits.3. Which of the following statements is not correct?A. The compressor needs regular cleaning.B. Periodical cleaning of the compressor contributes to reducing build-up of dirt.C. It’s not necessary to dismantle the turbocharger if periodical cleaning of the compressor is performed.D. Additives should better be avoided during the cleaning process.4. The cleaning water should not contain any additives, because_____.A. they may delay build-up of dirtB. they might remain on the blades of the compressorC. they may be forced to the compressor inletD. they are not good solventsACCBPassage 3Charge air coolerThe engine is equipped with a charge air cooler. The insert type charge air cooler is mounted in a welded casing (air trunk) . The trunk is bolted to the engine block.Standard is a two-stage cooler mounted. The first stage, through which the charge air flows, is cooled with water from the HT cooling system and cools the charge air till approx. 90 -100℃. The second stage is supplied with water coming from the LT water system and cools the charge air further till the required temperature of approx. 50℃. By controlling the water flow through the LT cooler the charge air temperature can be kept constant at the required temperature.The circulating coolant water should always be under positive pressure and should be as clean as possible. The operating air temperature should be maintained by controlling the coolant inlet temperature.Whilst the engine is running the air and coolant temperatures and pressures at inlet and outlet should be checked and logged periodically. Variations from normal indicate faults developing such as fouling of the film plates or obstruction of the water tubes.Check daily, during operation of the engine, the working of the telltale hole at the free end of the charge air receiver. The function of this hole is to inform the operator the presence of water in the charge air receiver. Under normal condition only compressed air should escape from this hole.1. According to the passage, the expression “HT”probably means ______.A. HIGH TANKB. HIGH TEMPERA TUREC. HEAT TRANSMISSIOND. HEAT TRANSFER2. In order to maintain the charge air temperature we should control ______.A. the coolant inlet temperature coming from the first stage coolerB. the coolant flow coming from the second stage coolerC. the coolant outlet temperature coming from the second stage coolerD. the coolant flow coming from the first stage cooler3. The charge air temperature departing from normal may indicate that _____.A. condensate can be formedB. only compressed air should escape from the telltaleC. the film plates are becoming dirty or the water tubes are blocked by scaleD. cooling water may have been carried into the cylinders4. The function of the telltale hole is to ______.A. detect whether compressed air has escaped from the holeB. control the coolant inlet temperatureC. determine whether the coolant water is under positive pressureD. inform the operator the presence of water in the charge air receiverBBCDPassage 4The vibration damper serves to reduce the torsional vibration generated by the crankshaft. The damper consists of a housing and a free rotating inertia ring supported by an axial bearing. It forms a totally enclosed unit. The free space between inertia ring and damper housing is filled with a high viscous fluid. When the crankshaft rotates at constant speed, the inertia ring will follow this movement. The combustion pressure exerted on each piston generates vibration in the crankshaft, and each variation generated by such a vibration will affect the movement of the inertia ring. The resulting shift of the ring to the damper housing is opposed by the viscous fluid and the vibration will be reduced.The energy, absorbed during the process, is converted into heat and then radiated to the surrounding air. Hence, proper ventilation of the damper is essential.The viscous damper fluid is during engine operation subjected to ageing and the fluid becomes more viscous. In sending fluid samples on a regular base to the damper manufacturer the rate in reduction of the viscosity can be determined. As sampling interval time is 6000 hours advised. Dampers with a too high fluid viscosity may cause crankshaft breakdown.The damper cover has two filling holes located 180o opposite each other and closed by screw-in filler plugs. If one of these plugs is accessible, a fluid sample container can be screwed in and a sample taken with the damper in place. On a spare damper, sampling must be effected with the damper in the vertical position.For liquid sampling, a special kit can be ordered from Stork-Wartsila Diesel.1. The general description of the vibration damper tells us that_____.A. the free space between inertia ring and damper housing is filled with a low viscous fluidB. when the inertia ring moves at constant speed , the crankshaft follows this movementC. the damper is made up of a housing and a free rotating inertia ringD. no ventilation of the damper is necessary as the vibration reduction process absorbs little energy2. Which of the following statements is not true about maintenance of the viscous damper?A. Sampling interval time for determining the quality of the fluid is 6000 hours.B. For liquid sampling, a special kit can be used.C. On a spare damper, sampling must be effected with the damper in place.D. The viscous fluid in a damper becomes more viscous as time goes by.3. During the engine operation, the vibration damper can_____.A. transfer the energy of the engineB. absorb the combustion heatC. oppose the crankshaft rotatingD. reduce the vibration of the crankshaft4. According to the passage, we learn that two filling holes in the damper cover are used _____.A. to recharge the fluidB. to ventilate the damperC. to fit the containerD. to take the sampleCCDDPassage 5The vibration damper employs a high viscous fluid to oppose the shift of the inertia ring to the damper housing. It is necessary to get samples to determine the rate in reduction of the viscosity. The steps to draw off the sample are as follows(Refer to the Fig. 4-3):1. Turn the engine until the drain plugs are easy accessible. Do not unscrew the drain plug until the damper is luke warm (approx. 40o C ).2. Carefully tap the locking of the upper drain plug backwards, using a punch, and unscrew the threaded plug. Do not yet remove the plug!3. Unscrew one cap nut from the (plastic) liquid container.4. Remove the drain plug and screw the liquid container instead.5. Remove the outer cap nut from the liquid container. Make sure that no machine oil or dirt can enter the liquid container!6. Screw the outer cap nut again, once the liquid has reached the open end of the liquid container. The filling-up period of the liquid container may take from a few seconds up to more than an hour, depending on the liquid condition.7. Unscrew the liquid container from the damper and fit the drain plug using a new joint ring (supplied with the mounting kit).8. Fit the second cap on the liquid container.If no sample can be taken in this way, you can proceed as follows:- If still no liquid appears after a while, remove the second drain plug, too.- Supply nitrogen of 3.5 bar maximum pressure through the open filling hole.If no nitrogen is available, air may be used, provided this air is properly filtered and dry.- Once the liquid has reached the open end of the liquid container, cut off the supply of nitrogen and screw the cap on the liquid container.- After the nitrogen supply has cut off, unscrew the liquid container, screw the second cap and fit both drain plugs.If a liquid sample cannot be obtained this way either, it can be assumed that the damper liquid has thickened to an inadmissible value, necessitating the replacement of the damper.1. According to the passage, we can learn that_____.A. before using the container to draw off the sample, both ends of it are closedB. the liquid container must be washed with machine oil before samplingC. liquid sampling must take more than one hourD. two liquid samples should be taken every time2. If the liquid sample cannot be taken any way, it means_____.A. nitrogen pressure is too lowB. the quantity of the damper fluid is insufficientC. the viscous fluid in damper becomes too thickD. the method of liquid sampling is incorrect3. Which statement is tree about the sampling process?A. The drain plug can be unscrewed regardless of the damper temperature.B. The drain plug should not be removed until one cap nut from the liquid container is unscrewed.C. The outer cap nut must be screwed before the liquid reaches the open end of the liquid container.D. The drain plug can be fit by using the old joint ring.4. If no sample can be taken by removing the first drain plug, then which of the following is done?A. The second drain plug should be removed too.B. A pressure of 5.3 bar should be applied.C. Clean and damp air is used instead of nitrogen if the latter is not available.D. The nitrogen supply continues when the liquid has reached the outer end of the liquid container. ACBAPassage 6At the first start, listen carefully for possible jarring(刺耳的) sounds. If anything is suspected, stop the engine immediately, otherwise stop the engine after 5 minutes’ idling. Check at least the temperatures of the main and big end bearings and of all other bearings which have been opened. Make visual inspection from below to the cylinder liners and piston skirts which have been opened. If everything is in order, restart.Check that there is no leakage of gas, water, fuel or lubricating oil. Especially observe the fuel lines, HP fuel pumps and injectors. Watch the quantities emerging from the leak oil pipes!Check that the starting air manifold is not hot at any cylinder (leaky starting valve may cause explosion!After overhaul, the following instructions are important:- check pressure and temperature gauges.- check the automatic alarm and stop devices.- check the pressure drop over the fuel filter and lubricating oil filter.- check the oil level in the oil sump/oil tank. Estimate the condition of the oil.- check the de-aerating of the engine circulating water system.- check the quantity of fuel leak.- check the telltale holes for leaks.- check the circulating water quality- check the cylinder pressures.- listen for jarring sounds.- check the crankcase pressure.- check the starting air manifold.Running-in is mainly intended to let piston tings "wear" to fit properly in the cylinder liner.Do not continuously run at constant load during the running -in process ( Fig. 4-4).It is important to vary the load several times. The ring grooves in the piston will have a different tilting angle at each load and consequently the piston ring has a different contact line to the cylinder liner wall.1. Paragraph 1 tells us that_____.A. if we hear vibration sounds, we should stop the engine quickly, or allow it to operate at low speed for5 minutes, then stop it and check everythingB. if we hear vibration sounds, we should stop the engine quickly, otherwise the engine will be stopped automatically after 5 minutesC. if we hear explosion sounds we should stop the engine then check everythingD. if we hear surging sounds, we should stop the engine immediately otherwise after 5 minutes the engine will be destroyed2. After overhaul, following instructions are important except_____.A. release air from the engine circulating water systemB. treat the circulating water if necessaryC. make sure the pressure drop is enough besides the fuel filterD. make sure the quantity of lube oil meets the requirement3. After piston overhaul, the running-in process should be carried out_____.A. periodically at steady loadB. occasionally at various loadC. continually at constant loadD. continually at various load4. When dealing with engine troubles, _____.A. no leakage of lubricating oil should be checked_____.B. quantities of oil emerging from the leak oil pipes must be watchedC. quality of the leak oil must be watchedD. the number of the leaking fuel lines should be checkedACDBPassage 7This sequence of events is made possible by substituting ports in the bottom of the cylinder wall for the inlet and exhaust valves. There are two groups of these ports, one for exhaust and the other for scavenging air, usually on the opposite sides of the cylinder, but in some designs both groups are arranged on the same side. The exhaust ports connect with the exhaust manifold, while the scavenging ports communicate with the scavenging air receiver in which low-pressure air is stored. The exhaust ports are slightly higher than the scavenging ports, so that they are uncovered by the piston while the scavenging ports are still closed.(The following 2 questions are based on the passage above. )1. From the paragraph above, we know that_____.A. In general, both exhaust ports and scavenging air ports are on the opposite sides of the cylinderB. The exhaust ports are on the opposite sides, but the scavenging air ports are on the same sidesC. The scavenging air ports are on the opposite sides, but the exhaust ports are on the same sidesD. Two groups of parts are never arranged on the same sides2. According to the above paragraph the exhaust ports link with_____.A. the exhaust valvesB. the scavenging air receiversC. the exhaust manifoldD. the scavenging portsThe engine is also provided with a governor which is designed to regulate the engine' s speed by adjusting the quantity of oil injected. When the engine runs at a speed higher or lower than that is set, the governor will act automatically reduce or increase the fuel oil supply so that the engine can be adjusted.( The following 2 questions are based on the passage above. )3. From this paragraph we can understand that_____.A. if the engine runs at a speed higher than that is set, the governor will increase the fuel oil supplyB. if the engine runs at a speed higher than that is set, the governor will decrease the fuel oil supplyC. the governor will not act until the engine runs at speed lower than that is setD. the governor regulates the engine's speed by adjusting the fuel oil injection4. The engine governor is used for_____.A. adjusting the fuel oil injection qualityB. adjusting the engine speedC. keeping the engine at higher speedD. keeping the engine at lower speedACBBPassage 8The lubrication system of an engine provides a supply of lubricating oil to the various moving parts in an engine. Its main function is to enable the formation of a film of oil between the moving parts, which reduces friction and wear. The lubricating oil is also used as a cleaner and in some engines as a coolant. The usual method of bearing lubrication is by forced feed system, which supplies oil to all bearings, so that a film of oil is maintained on the journal and bearing surfaces.(The following 2 questions are based on the passage above.)1. The forced feed system is put into use in order to _____.A. supply oil to all parts of the engineB. lubricate the bearing and the pistonC. maintain a film of oil on the journal and bearing surfacesD. maintain a film of oil on the piston surfaces only2. What is the function of lubricating oil?A. Formation of a film of oil between the moving parts, which reduces friction and wear.B. Used as a cleaner.C. As a coolant in engines.D. All of the above.Fresh water is used for the cooling of the cylinder jackets and covers of the main engine, whereas the various cooling liquids which circulate the engine are themselves cooled by sea water, such as, sea water is used for the cooling of the oil in the lubricating oil cooler as well as the fresh water. In an emergency situation, for example in the event of damage to a fresh water cooler or generator, the sea water pumps can be used to supply sea water to the fresh water cooling system, merely by removing the blind-flanges.(The following questions are based on the passage above. )3. In which situation we should use sea water system instead of fresh water system?A. When sea water pumps are damaged.B. When sea water cooler is damaged.C. When fresh water pumps are damaged.D. The blind-flanges are broken.4. The word “merely” in this paragraph could best be replaced by_____.A. onlyB. necessaryC. butD. ifCDCAPassage 9Because the exhaust gas driven turbo-blower cannot provide enough air at low engine speeds, the pressurized air should be cooled to increase the charge air density. As the air passes through the charge air cooler, its temperature may be reduced and moisture condensed, with the condensate in danger of being carried into the engine. So a water separator should be mounted beneath the bottom part of the engine inlet manifold.(The following 2 questions are based on the passage above.)1. A water separator is used in order to _____.A. keep the air from being carded into the engineB. keep the moisture from being condensedC. keep the danger from being carded into the engineD. take away the condensate from the air2. Why should we use a charge air cooler?A. In order to increase the charge air temperature.B. In order to increase the charge air pressure.C. In order to reduce moisture condensed.D. In order to increase the charge air density.Lubricating oil from the compressor will pass along the air lines and deposit on them, in the event of a cylinder air starting valve leaking, hot gases would pass into the air pipes and ignite the lubricating oil. If starting air were supplied to the engine, this would further feed the fire and could lead to an explosion inthe pipelines. In order to prevent such an occurrence, cylinder-starting valves should be properly maintained and the pipelines regularly drained. Also oil discharged from compressors should be kept to a minimum, by careful maintenance.(The following 2 questions are based on the passage above.)3. Which of the following may cause an explosion according to the passage?A. Starting air cannot be supplied into the engine.B. Air starting valve leaks and starting air is supplied into the engine.C. Cylinder-starting valves are properly maintained.D. Oil discharged from compressors is kept to a minimum.4. In order to avoid igniting the lubricating oil and leading to an explosion in the pipelines, _____.A. pipelines should be regularly drainedB. cylinder-starting valves should be properly maintainedC. oil discharged from compressors should be kept to a minimumD. A+B+CDDBDPassage 10Fuel oil is thought to be one of the main factors, having much to do with the operation and maintenance of an engine. The fuel oil system for a diesel engine can be considered in two parts: the fuel supply and the fuel injection system. When the atomized fuel is injected into the combustion space, ignition is not altogether instantaneous, a definite time lag being measurable between the time of injection and ignition. The period of ignition lag depends, among other factors, on the ignition quality of the fuel and the temperature of the compressed air.(The following 2 questions are based on the passage above.)1. This paragraph tells us that_____.A. ignition takes place before the injection of the atomized fuelB. ignition takes place simultaneously with the injection of the atomized fuelC. the period of ignition lag depends only on the quality of the fuel and the temperature of the compressed airD. the ignition quality of the fuel and the temperature of the compressed air are the two main factors determining the period of ignition lag2. “instantaneous瞬间的” in the passage probably means_____.A. simultaneous（同时的）B. afterC. beforeD. whenThe crankshaft is built up, the forged main bearing journals being shrunk into cast steel crank throws. The crank throws are displaced from each other to obtain the same number of degrees between the different crank throws. The alignment of the crankshaft in the bedplate should be checked at intervals to ensure that the shaft is not subjected to additional bending stresses, which, under extreme conditions, may cause crankshaft failure.(The following 2 questions are based on the passage above.)3. What does the word “alignment” mean in this passage?A. the bedplate is checked at intervalsB. to ensure that the shaft is not subjected to additional bending stressesC. to obtain the same number of degrees between the different crank throwsD. arrangement in a straight line4. The number of degrees between the different crank throws should beA. all the sameB. a little bit differentC. smallerD. largerDADAPassage 11During overhaul the safety roles have to be observed as required in order to prevent the danger of accidents. Special precaution is necessary when the engine is running with lagging removed. During overhauls, with the engine shut down, safety measures should be taken to avoid undesirable turning of the crankshaft. All pipes should be pressure-relieved before the repair work is started. Read the pressure gauges and/or check the pipes by carefully loosening the screw plugs or connections.(The following 2 questions are based on the passage above.)1. During overhaul, we have to observe the safety rules, in order to _____.A. avoid desirable turning of the crankshaftB. make all pipes pressure-relievedC. avoid the danger of accidentsD. let the crankshaft turn undesirably2. Before the repair work is started, _____.A. engine should be pressure-chargedB. the pressure in all pipes should be increasedC. all pipes should be pressure-relievedD. the air in some pipes should be relievedFresh water is used for the cooling of the cylinder jackets and covers of the main engine, whereas the various cooling liquids which circulate the engine are themselves cooled by sea water, such as, sea water is used for the cooling of the oil in the lubricating oil cooler as well as the fresh water. In an emergency situation, for example in the event of damage to a fresh water cooler or generator, the sea water pumps can be used to supply sea water to the fresh water cooling system, merely by removing the blind flanges.(The following 2 questions are based on the passage above.)3. From this paragraph, we can see that_____.A. the cylinder jackets and covers are cooled by fresh water and then by sea waterB. fresh water is used for the cooling of the cylinder jackets and covers of the main engineC. fresh water is used for the cooling of the main engineD. sea water is used for the cooling of both the fresh water and the main engine4. According to the paragraph, the term “various cooling liquids” refers to_____.A. fresh water and sea waterB. air and fresh waterC. fresh water and cooling oilD. sea water and airCCBCPassage 12The installation including expansion, preheating and pressurizing should be carried out in strict accordance with the instructions of the engine manufacturer to obtain a correct and trouble free installation. There should be no reason to carry out any maintenance to the cooling water system unless the temperatures in the cooling water system start to rise without any clear reason. Normally all inspections andmechanical cleaning of the cooling water system components are better to do at planned intervals.The circulating fresh water should be treated according to the recommendations to prevent corrosion and deposits. If the risk of freezing occurs, drain all cooling water spaces. Avoid using fresh cooling water. Save the drained water and use it again.In completely closed systems the fouling will be minimal ff the cooling water is treated according to the instructions.Depending on the cooling water quality and the efficiency of the treatment, the cooling water spaces may or may not foul over the length of time. Deposits on cylinder liners walls, cylinder heads and cooler stacks should be removed to avoid disturbance in the heat transfer to the cooling water with thermal overload as consequence.The necessity of cleaning should be investigated, especially during the first year of operation. This may be done during overhaul of a cylinder liner inspection for fouling and deposits on the liner and block. The cylinder head cooling water spaces can be checked by removing the water space plugs in the sides of the cylinder heads. The turbocharger can be checked through the inspection covers of the water spaces. The deposits can quite vary in structure and consistency. In principle, it can be removed mechanically and/or chemically.1. The sentence “The circulating fresh water should be treated ...” (paragraph 2), most probably means that the fresh cooling water should be _____.A. drained to avoid freezingB. collected when drainingC. changed at planned intervalsD. analyzed and dosage added if necessary2. Which of the following statements is true?A. The cooling water system does not need maintenance if it works normally.B. The circulating fresh water does not need special treatment when in normal operation.C. In completely closed cooling water system scale will not be formed.D. Deposits in the cooling water system may not be formed over the length of time.3. Which of the following statements about the first sentence in paragraph 1 is true?A. The engine is installed by the manufacturer free of charge.B. The engine should be warmed in advance before installing.C. The installation must be conducted according to the instructions.D. The installation may be carried out freely.4. We can _____ to find out about the scale in the cooling water space of the cylinder cover.A. overhaul the cylinder linersB. remove the plugs in the sides of the headsC. open the inspection coversD. withdraw the pistonsDACBPassage 13Mechanical cleaningA great deal of the deposits consists of loose sludge and solid particles which can be brushed and rinsed off with water. On places where the accessibility is good, e.g. cylinder liners, mechanical cleaning of considerably harder deposits is efficient. In some cases it is advisable to combine chemical cleaning with a。
