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任何事情牵扯到男女权问题的时候，似乎都是一个雷池禁地。
人们暧昧着，躲闪着，选择沉默以对，或者避而不谈。
归根到底，这其实是一个人权的问题，实在值得我们去思考和探讨。
为什么不说是女权，因为一牵扯到女的时候，人们往往习惯性地把与之相对性别的男字放在对立的方向上作答。
长久以来，我们都希望在探讨人权问题时，男女两性是平等的。
而不是对立的。
但是很难。
这出于某些固有的价值体系和伦理道德模式的束缚。
男人认为女人应该怎样，女人认为男人应该如何。
于是在父系氏族社会的稳固下，受到性别压制的另一方才会有与之相对应的另一套价值体系形成和发展运动。
一个族群，如果只是因为女人会经历一个十月怀胎的过程就抹杀了女性的劳动与创造价值，就在分工上出现了排他性那是不公正的。
尽管我们的时代圈里，没有绝对的公正，只有合理的不公存在着。
影片《克莱默夫妇》拍摄时美国女权运动余波未散，该片受女权主义影响，反映的是一个受女权主义影响的主妇从离家到离婚与丈夫争夺儿子抚养权最后又为孩子而复归的故事，那是70年代美国后工业时期社会生活普遍存在的现象，人们在家庭日常与社会生活协调中失衡，迷茫进而导致婚姻破裂和家庭离散。
男人与女人在现实里的激战，从上古开始到当下，似乎永远都打不完。
我们的沙龙会里有一个同学提到《圣经》里上帝对夏娃的惩罚是不公的，因为上帝错误地认为夏娃诱使亚当吃下禁果的缘故。
这让我想起在创世纪的神话故事中，上帝用亚当的肋骨并以亚当为模型创造出了夏娃，从此亚当才有了同伴不感到孤单。
而偷食禁果的故事，最初是一条狡猾的蛇诱使了亚当。
蛇的意象是什么呢？大抵人们静思己心时，发现欲念频生的过程就如一条毒蛇在蛊惑心智。
在多数人的认知里，蛇是原罪的影像，我们尊重这个概念的定型及影射。
进而，出于理性的思考，人们想当然地认为夏娃是亚当的附属品。
因为亚当先于夏娃出世。
然而如果依据德谟克里特斯的原子论，则夏娃与亚当是共生的。
夏娃存于亚当的心上，是亚当心上的那根肋骨。
《克莱默夫妇》赏析电影被称为“第七艺术”。
我们观赏一部电影，更多的是从它的表现形式来体会这部电影所要传达给我们的主题意旨。
我们最后一堂课所观看的《克莱默夫妇》这部电影，曾获得第五十二届奥斯卡五项金像奖。
它反映了70年代美国单亲家庭的种种问题，关于理想事业与家庭生活引发的冲突和矛盾。
故事大概讲述了妻子乔安娜不能忍受丈夫泰德只顾事业，离开了儿子和丈夫。
泰德努力与儿子一起生活。
而后妻子事业有成，回来与丈夫争夺孩子的抚养权。
很多人认为这部电影没有跌宕起伏的情节，没有华丽炫目的场面，但它胜在“以情动人”，克莱默夫妇为爱争夺抚养权，又为爱放弃抚养权，让我们，为爱感动。
我想，赏析一部电影，首先应该想到它的精神主旨。
《克莱默夫妇》，英文名是《Kramer vs. Kramer》。
看似应该是克莱默夫妇之间的战役，为争夺抚养权而产生的矛盾，但其中也包含着泰德与儿子比利之间的冲突。
记得有一幕中，儿子与父亲去超市买日常用品，泰德随意挑选，但儿子却能准确说出母亲经常选用的牌子，表现了儿子对母亲的熟悉与对父亲的一些抗拒，充分展示出父母离异对孩子造成的内心挣扎。
夫妻之间的矛盾，其实也是父爱与母爱之间的冲突。
克莱默夫妇都深爱着比利。
出于爱，泰德放弃了再次申诉抚养权的机会，“不能伤害到比利。
”他这样说。
出于爱，乔安娜将抚养权拱手相让，“我来这儿接孩子回家，但是突然发现这里才是他的家。
我非常爱他！但是我不带走他了。
”她如是说。
为了争夺抚养权，他们曾忍受双方律师对彼此的伤害，但是出于爱，最后，他们为了比利达成了一致。
我想，这部电影中很好的诠释了家庭与亲情，有许多冲突与内心的挣扎，虽平淡却又真实细致，让观众为之触动。
电影里面还涉及到事业与家庭的冲突。
我想，家庭是需要两个人共同经营的。
男人除了事业也应该对家庭有所关怀，女人也可以寻找自己的工作与事业。
这样家庭才能和睦幸福。
虽然没有曲折的剧情，但是整部电影里有许多经典的画面，令人印象深刻。
细数电影中的哪些经典谈判技巧在电影《甜心先生》中的这个著名的片段里，汤姆·克鲁斯向我们展示了在进行谈判之前确立自己的立场的重要性。
谈判要点：这是谈判中最基础、最重要的策略，也就是清楚自己的底线。
要知道为什么去谈判，在哪些方面可以做出让步。
如果立场不清楚，那么再多的技巧和资源也是白搭。
美剧《萤火虫》的这一片段说明了在一场高风险谈判中明确自己的立场和达成谈判协议的最佳选择方案(batna，bestalternativetonegotiatedagreement)是至关重要的。
剧情中，由于第一位罪犯拒绝合作，他被杀鸡儆猴了，于是第二个罪犯很快就同意了船长提出的要求。
谈判要点：batna，就是达成谈判协议的最佳选择方案。
谈判不是一场零和游戏，答案可以有很多种，只要没有突破自己的底线，可以达到利益最大化，那就是好的结果。
千万不要拘泥于一些条条框框，而把自己谈判的余地给框死了。
电影《第五元素》中的布鲁斯·威利斯向对方表明，他不会和恐怖分子谈判，相反，他强硬地采取了行动并赢得了战斗的胜利。
谈判要点：这是谈判中的一种强攻战，丝毫不理会对方提出来的谈判筹码，坚持自己的立场。
这需要强大的实力和气场，如果条件不允许的话，这招要慎用。
在电影《教父》中的这段情节中，唐-柯里昂的威信显然使他在谈判中占尽优势。
他需要做的只是坐在那里，保持沉默，在同意任何条件前等待对方提出更优厚的报价。
谈判要点：这是谈判中的一种攻心战，即《孙子兵法》中所谓的“不动如山”。
像泥塑的菩萨一样，表面上威风凛凛，不进也不退，立在原地无动於衷。
只有等对方无望，改变态度和方案，才重新考虑自己的态度。
这种谈判策略也是需要在占有巨大优势和气场时，方可使用。
阿里·高德把他曾经的导师，特雷斯带到了谈判桌上，告诉他谁现在是老板。
他利用了私人信息来获取那些他需要的东西，同时省下了2500万美元。
这个案例在广告买卖网上就有，可以看一看。
谈判要点：利用私人信息获得谈判优势，乍看起来有点不太道德，在实际的谈判中，却起到了润滑剂的作用。
Kramer vs. KramerThis is no doubt that a successful film. It released in 1979. And received the 1980 Academy Award for best film, best director and best actor and best supporting actress. This is a movie about family and marriage.Lonely wife decided to leave her busy husband. Husband began to learn how to take care of the child. 18 months later, the wife returned. She wants to regain Billy. In the climax of the story, the couple on the court in order to compete the custody of the child.I think the good role is the vey important reason that this film cans successes. Three very simple, but make up a touching story.Joanna Kramer is an ordinary housewife, but she did not want to do ordinary things. She decided to leave home, because she felt she could not stay in that family. She is a very unhappy woman. In her mind, she only has one way. I don’t know it is right or wrong, but I think Joanna must have been a long-term consideration that such a difficult decision. Joanna is a tragic figure, as she is still a brave person. After years of married life, she felt stifled and lonely. She did not want to just focus on the family life; she wants freedom and hard work. So she chose to leave, to find a new different life. The end of the movie, she finally succeeded. Yes, she was successful at work, but in the family, she failed. For the failed marriage and escape is not the solution. In my opinion, she left her husband is right, but she should not left her child. Billy was still in elementary school, he needs his mother. Even how much you are not happy, this is between you andyour husband do, nothing to do with the children. He should grow up carefree. A tragic marriage only brings harm, especially for children, and themselves.Ted seems to always busy and no time to listen to his wife. He work day and night, and thought a successful career, more money is the best gift to his family. But he did not know what the real need of his wife is. He didn’t even know the reason that his wife left him. He did not know where she was going, and did not know when she will come back. In addition to the family, he did not know his wife. This explains why Joanna to leave him. I think ted is also a tragic figure. He is not love his wife and son, he wanted to give them a better life, but does not know what they need is.But all things have a change after his wife left. Ted starts working as a mother. He began to care about his child.The beginning of things is always difficult. At the beginning, he did not know how to cook breakfast; he does not know what grade his son; he lack the patience; his cooking is too hard to eat; he and son because the food fight.Ted started to accept the fact that his wife will not come back; and also started to learn how to be a responsible father. He is no longer the day and night workaholic, he became a qualified father. To the child, he does every effort: he tells the bedtime story to Billy; he put the blanket to Billy; he began to learn how to tell the reason to Billy; he took part in Family Day events; he taught Billy ride; because the meet with teacher, he walked out on a client during a majorpresentation; because Billy was sick, he missed a deadline on theMid-Atlantic account and causing his company a great deal of embarrassment and considerable financial liability.In the movie, there are two impressive events to me. The first is Billy injured, Ted holding him ran to find the hospital. Ted is the most nervous man. He has waited at Billy’s side. The second in the end, the lawsuit with Joanna, the unfortunate unemployed Ted needs to compete for custody, he had to make compromises, he relying in 24 hours to accept a work that can’t match his actual capacity.Finally, when the courts award custody of Joanna, Ted is still looking for the last ghost of a chance. He wants to fight. But the lawyer told him, Billy must appear in court. He gave up. Because of he did not want to hurt the child.Ted becomes a real father. He is the father of the most extraordinary in life. He told us:Women can have careers and ambitions, men can also have a motherly love. He is a brave, strong and gentle father. He is not tall and not special. He even will angry if you are too noisy, and he will make mistakes in a lot of things. But he loves you so much. This is one of the most important loves of the world.The third one is Billy. There is no doubt that he is a very important role in this movie.Billy is a naughty child but also sensible.He was only seven years old. Between the parents in the end, he does not know what happened. Just one night, his mother left him. Only father take care ofhim. His father is very stupid; father did not know how to cook French toast; father’s hand always is sweaty; father always ferocious.But after the letter, he knows his mother never will come back. Although he want as brave as a real man, he still miss his mother. He remembered the brand that his mother likes; he likes the team that from mother’s hometown; he misses his mother’s gentleness. He misses his mommy so much. He does not even know why his mother to leave. Because of he was bad? Or like his father said, only because his father?But the mother has not been back. He could only wait, been waiting for. Because he was just a child, all this is that he can not be changed.In this case, he could only increasingly dependent on his father. Father assumed the responsibility of the mother. His father became an indispensable part of life.This is an opportunity for father and son closer. He loved his father. In fact, he loved his parents. Although they did not live together.Roles are very important in the movie, lines are the same, I was impressed with some lines in the movie.“How much courage does it take to walk out on your kid?”This sentence is Ted asked Joanna’s friend Marguerite. Marguerite said that Joanna is very unhappy and it took a lot of courage to walk out the door. So Ted asks this question to Marguerite. She can’t answer it.As a mother, the child is extremely important. Even if you are not satisfied with the family, you do not need to leave the children.Children need mothers. Ted can not understand Joanna’s mind, and perhaps this is the reason they can not live together.What is the main reason that Joanna must leave? Lonely? Heavy housework? The snub of your husband? Or the desire for freedom? Maybe all of them."Daddy, you've really lost a lot of weight.” "And it's all gone to your nose."This sentence is from a joke that Ted told. He said Billy noticed Ted have lost weight.During that time, Ted had to work and had to take care of Billy. Life is composed of these small details.“She didn’t leave because of you. She left because of me.”After the argument, Billy asked Ted the reason that Joanna left.After long thought, Ted knows the reason. He always imposes his own ideas to Joanna, while ignoring her real mind. He kept trying to make Joanna be a certain kind of wife that I thought she was supposed to be. But she just wasn’t like that. And Joanna wants to talk to him, but he is so busy that can’t listen.“Don’t let the bedbugs bite.”I think this is a very important word in the film.At the beginning of the film, Joanna say goodnight to Billy, and said, “Don’t let the bedbugs bite.” And in the middle of the film, Billy said the word to Ted after the argument that for the ice cream. It’s a word for love. Joanna wanted to leave Billy, but she still loves him. Billy can not understand the pressure of his father at the beginning;and then he understands.“I came here to take my son home.” “And I realized he already is home.”Joanna won that case. And she got the custody. But she did not take him. She was moved for the word that Ted said in the court. Children need stable life. And they need love. A real family is loved to keep going.In fact, all are for the kids. Joanna would like to paint the walls in the new home of the clouds, ted no appeal. They all just want to give children a good environment to reduce the harm from children parents divorced.This is love.The film received numerous awards. I think the reason is not only because the very good actor, director and actress. This movie has deep meaning.This film also reflected the problems for American middle class in 70’s. At the time, family and career has more and more conflict. More and more couples have conflicts and even divorce. This caused great harm to the child. Thus, in the film after release, many Americans are emotionally. It reflects the reality of the matter, it teaches people how to face and solve this problem. It helps people learn how to care for children, and in the child's perspective to solve the problem.At this stage are also facing this problem. Along with economic development, family and career have more and more problems. Rising divorce rate and increasing the number of single-parent families, so westarted can not care about this issue.In this film, we can see the sorrow of single-parent families, and we can feel the harm to children from divorced parents. Don’t hurt the children. They are the ties of family.The film also reflects the feminist issues.At that time, more and more American family women can not stand the life that without pursuit and meaning. They are brave to leave the family, to pursue the true meaning of life. This is the awakening of feminist consciousness.And this film also helped people to feel what true love is. I think love is the final theme of the film.Men pursue their cause, and women pursue self-awakening. They are more or less done wrong. But family and love forgive them. Love is the most important part of one’s life. In this film, Billy is the representative of love. Children love you, and he needs you.From this movie, young people will think of their parents; middle-aged people will think of their children. Everyone can find their lives in this movie. I guess this is the reason that the film won the Oscar.In fact, very common theme of the film, the story is very simple. But it is indeed a successful movie. It lets us see love in ordinary life.Film is very light, life is very heavy. Each person's life is different, but there are still common. Film is to show that the bright spot to you. In fact, most people moving are the most ordinary things.Even if your wife left you; even if your husband does not always go home; even if you lose a job; even if you want to start a new life. Please believe that you have love, everything will be fine.Movies giveus hope; and let us also learn how to face life.Marriage is not a game; the child is not a toy. Life is very ordinary, but it has the deepest love.。
《欧美电影赏析》课程标准课程编码：06050312 课程类别：专业拓展课适用专业：商务英语专业课程所属系部：国际商务系学时：321 课程定位和课程设计1.1课程性质与作用本课程是商务英语专业的扩展课程，也是培养学生视野的一门课程。
通过本课程的教学,使学生了解各种电影类型（欧美），培养学生的情感、审美能力与正确的价值观。
该课程的前导课程是中学的英语课程和大一、大二的专业课程，在大三开启。
1.2课程基本理念该课程强调“文化鉴赏和评论”，精选历史文化价值高、思想内涵深刻、观赏性较强、贴合本班学生实际的经典影视作品供学生欣赏讨论，另辅以影视类型、艺术手法、电影奖项庆典的适当介绍，最后布置学生撰写评论。
本课程通过对不同类型的英文经典影视作品的欣赏，促进学生从不同的角度提高对语言的运用能力，从而进一步提高学生的独立审美能力和人文素养。
此外，通过该课程的学习，进一步了解欧美国家的文化和风俗，为毕业后的跨文化交际奠定基础。
1.3课程设计思路该课程应遵循“实用为主、够用为度”的原则，不仅应打好语言基础，更要注重培养跨文化交际的技能，特别是使用英语对文化作品进行分析和鉴赏的能力；激发学生学习英语的自觉性和积极性，培养学生终身学习英语和西方文化的兴趣。
2 课程目标通过本课程的学习,旨在使学习者能掌握作为电影读解的方法：分别从数字媒体的视角、文化的研究、技术特点、叙事分析等角度对作品进行深入的分析技能目标是使通过对这门课的训练，经典影片的一些基本知识如：分类、题材、手法、导演、演员等。
知识目标和素质目标是培养学生的抽象思维能力和形象思维能力，并能够激发学生的创新意识和创新欲望，培养学生对电影的审美能力。
并通过电影观赏巩固英语水平，同时熟悉西方的文化。
其他目标是世界经典影片非常之多，选择其中最有代表性、最有借鉴意义的作品进行深入的分析，通过这些精彩影片的分析解读，从各个不同的视角为学生勾画出经典影片创作的思路。
总体目标为：通过本课程的学习，使学生掌握影视作品的基本知识，学会正确的鉴赏方法，培养对优秀影视作品的赏析能力，并能运用到日常实践中。
Probing into Kramer vs. Kramer from the Perspective of Conflicts Appearing in 1979, this film is an epitome of American society at that time. However, there is one thing in this film that also suits contemporary society, that is inequality of gender. The public tend to stereotype women as inferior to men in such aspects as strength, competence, and social value. What is ridiculous is that this prejudice is not rare in America where feminist is the most prevailing in the world and human rights never cease being emphasized.As far as I am concerned, there are two major conflicts throughout the film, one is the conflict between personal pursuit and family management. The Kramers are vivid examples of social people failing to balance between career and housekeeping. Mrs. Kramer, or we say Joanna, gave up her job to be a housewife for eight years. She was just like a vine twining about the tree trunk ,having no self-independence and self-esteem. As a woman of ambition and capability, she cannot stand her dream being suffocated, let alone at the cost of her sacrifices to the family being overlooked by her husband. That is why she decided to leave Ted and Billy. Speaking of Ted , absorbed in his work , he gave too little care to his wife and son. He should take some responsibility for the breakdown of the family.Another conflict is between social requirements and personal multiple roles. For Ted, he is an employee as well as a parent. Though as an employee, he is “an extremely bright guy and has got a hell of a talent”, he was let go for walking out on a client during a major presentation to protect his bullied son, and for caring for his sick son caused his missing of the deadline which resulted in his company’s embarrassment and financial loss. The society put a lot of pressure on individuals regardless of how burdened one may feel .That is the cruel part of the society and human being cannot help but face up to reality .。
“Kramer vs. Kramer" is the kind of movie which grows on you. The movie is about the breakup of a marriage, about two people who drifted apart without knowing it at the time, about their child who is caught in the crossfire, about their friends and--most of all--about characters who grow and change. JoannaKramer, the wife, whose quiet desperation over her loss of identity and self worth have gone unnoticed by her husband. She leaves her family to find herself. At the end, she achieves her goals. She comes back and wants to stay with her son. The movie opens on the isolated image of the sad faced mother saying good night and, as it turns out, goodbye as well to her sleeping son, Billy.Ted Kramer, a successful ad agency executive but a careless family leader. He just focus himself on his business and always ignoring his family. After his wife’s leaving, He has to raise his son by himself. Finally, he builds firmfather-son relationship with his son.In the film, we know parents’ love is the most precious emotion in our life.Not only the mother but also the father can be a good parent. A man also have the same emotions of love as woman. Man has many roles but the main role is bread-maker. So sometimes he could not look after children very well. But it does not mean man could not become a qualified parent.The custody battle of the title is a brilliantly grey circumstance. Even if the ending is a little unmotivated, subjectif for the audience, the last line and the last shot still witty screen .After eighteen months later, Joanna comes back. But at that time Ted and Billy have gotten well along with each other. Joanna just wants her son. But Ted concerned more about what is the best for Billy and who is the more suitable person to Billy. During the staying with Billy, Ted always thinking about makes agood parent. It has to do with constancy, it has to do with patience, it has to listen to children or pretend to listen when we can’t anymore. It has to do with love. Because of love, Ted give up the chance to appeal. He thinks if Billy’s love has been destroyed it may be irreparable.The film makes me think of my father. When I saw Ted who can't do any housework trying his best to take care of his naughty son, I started to think about my dad. Maybe I could found something similar with my dad in Mr. Kramer, They both had a mass of work to do every day and hardly had time to play with me when I was a little girl. As a result, almost all the housework is done by my mom. "He love his work more than me. "Sometimes I thought sadly. But it seems that I was wrong. During the days when mom had to travel to a far-away place, dad came back early and made delicious dishes every day. He made everything in perfect order which was beyond my consideration and I sometimes couldn't believe my eyes. Since then, I knew that my dad is a qualified father and I'm more important than his endless work. And that makes me really happy.Love is often in deep silent. Looking after their children is not only a kind of responsibility for our parents, but a love from the bottom of their heart. Where ever you go, what ever you do. They will be right here loving you. Even though one day they won't stay with you. Their love won't disappear or decrease. It will last long forever.09级语言三班0940501354王丽红。
•Background: social background, the novel on which the movie is based, the author of the novel.•Themes: The main ideas that the movie intends to convey to the audience.•Conflicts: conflicts within oneself, conflicts with others, conflicts between events.•Performances: actor, actress, director, playwright.•The novel on which the movie is based:Kramer vs. Kramerwritten by Avery Corman in 1977versus: against (used esp. to indicate an action brought by one party against another in a court of law)•The author of the novelAvery Corman has been widely acclaimed for his novels about the times in which we live. Prior to the highly praised Kramer vs. Kramer, he wrote the novels TheBust-Out King and OH, GOD which was made into the hit movie.Social background1.Divorce itself is both a cause and an effect.2.Divorce has become popular throughout the many years it has existed, anddivorce rates keep increasing.3.Divorce with those who have children is the most difficult. The process ofdivorce is complex and confusingFactors that contribute to divorce1.Awakening of feminism2.Gender role shifting3.Immaturity of one or both parties4.Sexual indiscretion5.The ease of getting a divorceFeminism, as a social movement, first started in 1920s. After WWⅡ, the feminist movement had reached an higher level.As time went by, modern feminists learnt from their forerunners,. That is not to imitate males or overturn the differences between two genders, but to be what they want to be, choose what they want to have.This independence is beyond gender. The core of this independence is the right of free choice.The failure of marriage1.The shift of gender role2.The search for identityConflicts within oneselfTed: work vs. familyJoanna: self identity vs. familyBilly: father vs. motherMargaret: her past vs. her futureConflicts with othersTed vs. JoannaTed vs. BillyBilly vs. JoannaConflicts between eventsJoanna‘s leavingTed and Billy struggle to get alongBilly’s injuryThe custody of BillyTed losing his job and getting a jobJoanna’s decisionPerformances•Ted Kramer (Dustin Hoffman)Best actor of academy award in 1980•Details of his performance:Making French toast/shopping/making Christmas decorations/being with Billy when he was injuredArguments and talks with Billy•Billy Kramer (Justin Henry)He earned an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actor in Kramer vs. Kramer•Details of his performance:Watching TV/Eating ice-cream/Running to his Mom/CryingGentle but strong-willed•Joanna Kramer (Meryl Streep)Best supporting actress of academy award in 1980Details of her performance:sad eyes/her tears/awkward smile•Margaret Phelps (Jane Alexander)A role that draws contrast between different women and their choicesDetails of her performance:No makeup/fine with children/kind to her friend/ideal mother in some waysSharp contrast to show the development of the story while at the same timemaking the movie a whole1.Making French toast2.Talkative as Ted is the last time, he is silent that day3.Joanna leaves crying in the elevator at the beginning and also crying in theelevator in the end.4.meaningful end vs. end of the novel。
