Unit 7 Coherence, Unity and Cohesion

雅思大作文－评分标准之“Coherence and Cohesion”逻辑连贯性事实上，上一次我们已经，提到了过文章应该有连接性，Coherence and Cohesion, 简单解释就是－逻辑连贯性，（还记得这个图吗？好文章是环环相扣的，就像看故事一样，要交代事情如何发展，不然读者会有什么感受呢？）言归正传，要保持逻辑连贯，上次提过的解决方案P(point)-E(explanation)-E(examples): 写每一个段落时先给出主要观点，然后给原因解释说明，最后给一个具体例子。

－段落内逻辑连接所以事实上，考官主要考察大家的以下几个方面：1.Paragraph 段内逻辑连接2.Logical organization of essay 文章逻辑结构3.Cohesive devices need to be used well 连接手法4.Punctuation 标点符号我们来看具体如何做到考官的要求：1.Paragraph 段内逻辑连接：文章一般都要分段，每一段有清晰的中心观点，使用相关的观点支持主要观点。

（我们之前提过，这里就不做过多解释。

）Solution：这是一个考官给同学们的解决方案：‘ Make sure that each paragraph is about one idea. In the planning stage make sure you have enough to say about an idea before you start writing about it. This means that you may choose the ideas that are easiest to write about and not the ones that are the most intelligent.’确保一个段落就一个主要观点，在开始审题的阶段就把能想到的观点罗列出来，另外，强调一点，应该把你最有把握的观点写下，而不是你认为能吸引考官眼球的例子（词汇用错了，便可能弄巧成拙），要记住，雅思考试是一个语言测试，不是智力测试。

见练习

Transition Signals

1)Transition signals are like traffic signs. they tell your reader when to go forward,tum around, slow down, and stop. In other words, they tell your reader when you are giving a similar idea (similarly, and, in addition), an opposite idea (on the other hand, but, in contrast), an example (for example), a result (therefore, as a result), or a conclusion (in conclusion).
coherence :

1) The Latin verb cohere means"hold together." For coherence in writing, the sentences must hold together.

2)that is,the movement from one sentence to the next must be logical and smooth. There must be no sudden jumps. Each sentence should flow smoothly into the next one.
Consistent Pronouns

1)make sure that you use the same person and number throughout your paragraph. Don't change from you to he or she (change of person) or from he to they (change of number). Notice the changes the writer made for consistency in the following example.

Syntactic Devices
2) Cataphoric reference Cataphoric reference refers to something that is yet to come later in the text.
Syntactic Devices
Example They had grown up next door to each other, on the fringe of a city, near fields and woods and orchards, with sight of a lovely bell tower that belonged to a school for the blind. Now they were twenty, had not seen each other for nearly a year. There had always been playful, comfortable warmth between them, but never any talk of love. His name was Newt, her name was Catharine… (Vonnegut, Jr., Long Walk to Forever)
Syntactic Devices
1) Anaphoric reference Anaphoric reference refers to something that has already been mentioned in the text.
E.g. Mary went to see her cousin last week, she lives in New York.

英文写作的coherence cohesion Coherence and cohesion are important aspects of English writing that contribute to the overall quality and readability of a piece of written work.Coherence refers to the logical and clear flow of ideas in a text. It means that the ideas and information presented in the writing should be organized in a way that makes sense to the reader. To achieve coherence, writers must ensure that each paragraph and sentence relates to the main topic and thesis statement of the essay or article. They should also use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas and create a smooth progression from one point to another.For example, in an essay discussing the benefits of exercise, coherence would require that each paragraph focus on a different aspect of exercise, such as physical health, mental well-being, and longevity. Within each paragraph, the writer could discuss specific benefits and provide supporting evidence or examples. By maintaining this clear and logical structure, the reader can easily follow the writer's train of thought.Cohesion, on the other hand, refers to the use of linguistic devices to connect sentences and paragraphs within a text. It involves the use ofcohesive devices such as pronouns, conjunctions, and transitional expressions to create a sense of unity and flow. Cohesion helps to establish relationships between ideas and clarify the writer's intended meaning.For instance, cohesive devices like "however," "on the other hand," or "in addition" can be used to signal a contrast or addition of information between two sentences. Pronouns like "it" or "they" can be used to refer back to previously mentioned nouns, reducing repetition and creating a smoother reading experience. By using these cohesive devices effectively, writers can enhance the coherence of their writing and help readers to understand the connections between ideas.In summary, coherence and cohesion are key elements of English writing. Coherence ensures that the ideas and information presented in the text are logical and well-organized, while cohesion helps to connect sentences and paragraphs and create a smooth and unified flow. By consciously applying these principles in their writing, authors can improve the clarity and readability of their work.。