硫化物及其类似化合物矿物大类共45页
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Sulfide Minerals硫化物矿物包括:硫化物、碲化物、砷化物·Chalcopyrite黄铜矿Chalcopyrite,CuFeS2,is the most important ore mineral of copper.Chalcopyrite(KAL-co-PIE-rite)usually occurs in massive form(非晶质)rather than in crystals,but its crystals are unusual among the sulfides in having a shape like a four-sided pyramid(四棱锥)(technically they are scalenohedra严格的说是偏三面体).It has a Mohs hardness of3.5to4,a metallic luster,a greenish black streak and a golden color that is commonly tarnished in various hues(呈各种晦暗色调)(though not the brilliant blue of bornite(斑铜矿的宝石蓝)).Chalcopyrite is softer and yellower than pyrite(黄铁矿),more brittle(脆)than gold.It is often mixed with pyrite.Chalcopyrite may have various amounts of silver(银)in place of the copper,gallium(镓)or indium(铟)in place of the iron,and selenium (硒)in place of the sulfur.Thus these metals are all by products of copper production.硬度3~4,比重4.3~4.4,解理不佳,参差状至贝壳状断口,晶体呈假四面体,常呈双晶,晶面上有条纹。
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常见的硫化物及其类似化合物矿物及鉴定特征
常见的硫化物及其
类似化合物矿物
鉴定特征
辉铜矿
新鲜面铅灰色,硬度2.5~3,弱延展性,小刀刻划可留下光亮划痕,常与其他铜矿物共生或伴生。
溶于HNO3 呈绿色
方铅矿
铅灰色,金属光泽,立方体完全解理,硬度小2~3,相对密度大7.4~7.6。
溶于HNO3,并有PbSO4 白色沉淀
闪锌矿
松脂光泽至半金属光泽,解理平行{110}完全,硬度小3.5~4,经常与方铅矿共生
辰砂
鲜红色,条痕红色,硬度低2~2.5,相对密度大8~8.2
黄铜矿
黄铜黄色,硬度3~4,性脆
斑铜矿
新鲜面暗铜红色,风化面呈锖色,硬度低3
黝锡矿
微带橄榄绿色调的钢灰色
磁黄铁矿
暗青铜黄色,硬度小3.5~4.5,具弱磁性至强磁性。