商务统计学-2015期中考试卷

商务统计经典考试及答案答案2010.10.21一, 填空题(10×2.5 = 25分)1, 反映顺序变量数据的集中趋势的指标可以用(众 )数或( 中位 )数来测度。

2, 某房地产开发公司2003年售出的300套不同户形的情况如下（单位：套）：户型两室一厅一卫三室两厅两卫四实两厅两卫五室两厅两卫套数 96 150 46 8公司2003年售出住房(户型)的众数为( 三室两厅两卫 )异众比为( 1-150/300 =0.5 )。

3,（典型）调查、重点调查和（抽样）调查、都属于非全面调查。

4,所列数字1/3 , 0.96, -0.56, 1.23, 3/2, 0, -2/5, 1 中,不可能是随机概率的是(-0.56, 1.23, 3/2, -2/5 ).5，抽样调查的误差来源主要有（登记性/非抽样）误差和（代表性/抽样）误差。

6，登记性误差从理论上讲是可以（消除）的，而（代表性/抽样）误差通常是无法消除的，但事先可以进行控制或计算。

7,某公司生产了一批新型号显像管,要检验这批显像管的寿命,只能采用(抽样)检验方法,测试样本的各显像管寿命,计算样本的显像管寿命的（平均值）, 以此推断这批显像管平均寿命的点估计值。

8，随机变量Z 服从标准正态分布,则 Z ≥(-1.645 ) 的概率为95% ,Z≤(1.285) 的概率为 90% 。

9,总体为正态分布、方差σ2未知。

样本量n = 20、样本的平均值为χ、标准差为 S ，当置信水平为1-α时,总体均值μ的置信区间为(χ±tα/2 (20-1) S/√20 )。

10, 一种零件的标准长度5cm ,要检验某天生产的零件是否符合标准要求，建立的原假设和备择假设应为（ H0：µ = 5，H1：µ≠ 5）二，单选题(将答案的英文字母填入括号内)(8×2。

5分=20分)1, ,在新修的马路两旁种植了绿化的树木，为了估计成活的比例，检查人员在马路一旁每隔 10 棵树检查一棵树的成活情况, 这种抽样方式是 ( B )。

商务统计实务参考答案项目1一、名词解释（略）二、选择题1．B2．C3．A4．D5．B6．A7．B8．C9．B10．C三、判断题1．错2．对3．错4．错5．对6．错7．对8．错四、简答题（略）项目2一、名词解释（略）二、选择题1．D2．C3．B4．C三、判断题1．错2．错3．错4．错5．对6．对7．对8．错9．错四、简答题（略）项目3一、名词解释（略）二、选择题1．A2．D3．C4．A5．C6．D7．B三、判断题1．错2．错3．对4．错5．错6．对7．错8．错9．对10．对11．错四、简答题（略）项目4一、名词解释（略）二、选择题1．A2．C3．B4．D5．B6．D三、判断题1．错2．错3．错4．对5．对6．错7．对8．错9．对10．错11．对四、简答题（略）项目5一、名词解释（略）二、选择题1．D2．B3．B4．B5．D6．C7．C8．B9．C三、判断题1．错2．对3．对4．对5．对6．错7．错8．错四、简答题（略）项目6 略项目7一、名词解释（略）二、选择题1．D2．C3．A4．D5．ABD6．ABC三、判断题1．对2．错3．对4．错四、简答题（略）项目8一、名词解释（略）二、选择题1．D2．C3．B4．D5．A三、简答题（略）项目9一、名词解释（略）二、选择题1．A2．B3．B4．A5．B6．A7．D8．B9．C10．A11．D12．A13．B14．A15．C16．B17．D18．B19．B三、判断题1．错2．错3．错4．错5．错6．对7．错8．错9．对四、简答题（略）项目10一、名词解释（略）二、选择题1. B2．C3.C4.A5.B6.A7.D8.B9.D10.B三、判断题1．错2．对3．错4．错5．错6．对四、简答题（略）项目11一、名词解释（略）二、选择题1．C2.B3.D4.C5.D6. B三、判断题1．对2．错3．错4．错5．对6．错7．错四、简答题（略）项目12一、名词解释（略）二、选择题1．A2.C3.B4.B5.D6.A7.B8. C三、判断题1．错2．对3．对4．对5．对6．对7．对8．错9．对四、简答题（略）。

《商务统计》期中考试试题Part I: 单选题(每题2分，共60分)1.The universe or "totality of items or things" under consideration is calleda) a sample.b) a population.c) a parameter.d) a statistic.2.Which of the following is most likely a population as opposed to a sample?a)respondents to a newspaper survey.b)the first 5 students completing an assignment.c)every third person to arrive at the bank.d)registered voters in a county.3. A study is under way in Yosemite National Forest to determine the adult height of Americanpine trees. Specifically, the study is attempting to determine what factors aid a tree inreaching heights greater than 60 feet tall. It is estimated that the forest contains 25,000 adult American pines. The study involves collecting heights from 250 randomly selected adultAmerican pine trees and analyzing the results. Identify the variable of interest in the study.a)The age of an American pine tree in Yosemite National Forest.b)The height of an American pine tree in Yosemite National Forest.c)The number of American pine trees in Yosemite National Forest.d)The species of trees in Yosemite National Forest.4.The British Airways Internet site provides a questionnaire instrument that can be answeredelectronically. Which of the 4 methods of data collection is involved when people complete the questionnaire?a)Published sourcesb)Experimentationc)Surveyingd)Observation5.To monitor campus security, the campus police office is taking a survey of the number ofstudents in a parking lot each 30 minutes of a 24-hour period with the goal of determiningwhen patrols of the lot would serve the most students. If X is the number of students in the lot each period of time, then X is an example ofa) a categorical random variable.b) a discrete random variable.c) a continuous random variable.d) a statistic.6.An insurance company evaluates many numerical variables about a person before decidingon an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. A representative from a local insurance agency selected a random sample of insured drivers and recorded, X, the number of claims each made in the last 3 years, with the following results.X frequency1 142 183124 55 1Referring to the table, how many total claims are represented in the sample?a)15b)50c)111d)250(For Q7 and Q8) A survey was conducted to determine how people rated the quality of programming available on television. Respondents were asked to rate the overall quality from 0 (no quality at all) to 100 (extremely good quality). The stem-and-leaf display of the data is shown below.Stem Leaves3 244 034789995 01123456 125667 0189 27.Referring to the table, what percentage of the respondents rated overall television qualitywith a rating of 80 or above?a)0b) 4c)96d)1008.Referring to the table, what percentage of the respondents rated overall television qualitywith a rating between 50 and 75?a)11b)40c)44d)56(For Q9 and Q10) The following are the durations in minutes of a sample of long-distance phone calls made reported by one long-distance carrier.Time (in Minutes) Relative Frequency0 but less than 5 0.375 but less than 10 0.2210 but less than 15 0.1515 but less than 20 0.1020 but less than 25 0.0725 but less than 30 0.0730more 0.029.Referring to the table, if 1,000 calls were randomly sampled, how many calls lasted under10 minutes?a)220b)370c)410d)59010.Referring to the table, if 100 calls were randomly sampled, how many calls lasted 15minutes or longer?a)10b)14c)26d)7411.You have collected data on the approximate retail price (in $) and the energy cost per year(in $) of 15 refrigerators. Which of the following is the best for presenting the data?a) A pie chart.b) A scatter diagram.c) A Pareto diagram.d) A contingency table.(For Q12 and Q13) The histogram below represents scores achieved by 200 job applicants on a personality profile.12.Referring to the histogram, ________ percent of the job applicants scored between 10 and20.a)10%b)20%c)30%d)40%13.Referring to the histogram, the number of job applicants who scored between 30 and below60 is _______.a)20b)40c)60d)8014.Which measure of central tendency can be used for both numerical and categoricalvariables?a)Arithmetic mean.b)Median.c)Mode.d)Standard deviation.15.Which of the following statements about the median is not true?a)It is more affected by extreme values than the arithmetic mean.b)It is a measure of central tendency.c)It is equal to Q2.d)It is equal to the mode in bell-shaped "normal" distributions.16.When extreme values are present in a set of data, which of the following descriptivesummary measures are most appropriate:a)CV and range.b)arithmetic mean and standard deviation.c)interquartile range and median.d)variance and interquartile range.17.A probability distribution is an equation thata)associates a particular probability of occurrence with each outcome in the samplespace.b)measures outcomes and assigns values of X to the simple events.c)assigns a value to the variability in the sample space.d)assigns a value to the center of the sample space.18.In a binomial distributiona)the random variable Xb)the probability of event of interest is stable from trial to trial.c)the number of trials nd)the results of one trial are dependent on the results of the other trials.19.A lab orders 100 rats a week for each of the 52 weeks in the year for experiments that thelab conducts. Prices for 100 rats follow the following distribution:Price: $10.00 $12.50 $15.00Probability: 0.35 0.40 0.25How much should the lab budget for next year’s rat orders be, assuming this distribution does not change?a)$520b)$637c)$650d)$78020.A multiple-choice test has 30 questions. There are 4 choices for each question. A studentwho has not studied for the test decides to answer all questions randomly. What type of probability distribution can be used to figure out his chance of getting at least 20 questions right?a)binomial distribution.b)Poisson distribution.c)normal distribution.d)none of the above.21.In its standardized form, the normal distributiona)has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.b)has a mean of 1 and a variance of 0.c)has an area equal to 0.5.d)cannot be used to approximate discrete probability distributions.22.For some positive value of Z, the probability that a standard normal variable is between 0and Z is 0.3340. The value of Z isa)0.07b)0.37c)0.97d) 1.0623.The owner of a fish market determined that the average weight for a catfish is 3.2 poundswith a standard deviation of 0.8 pound. A citation catfish should be one of the top 2% in weight. Assuming the weights of catfish are normally distributed, at what weight (in pounds) should the citation designation be established?a) 1.56 poundsb) 4.44 poundsc) 4.84 poundsd) 5.20 pounds24.If a particular batch of data is approximately normally distributed, we would find thatapproximatelya) 2 of every 3 observations would fall betweenb) 4 of every 5 observations would fall betweenc)d)All the above.25.Which of the following about the binomial distribution is not a true statement?a)The probability of event of interest must be constant from trial to trial.b)Each outcome is independent of the other.c)The random variable of interest is continuous.d)Each outcome may be classified as either "event of interest" or "not event ofinterest."26.Why is the Central Limit Theorem so important to the study of sampling distributions?a)It allows us to disregard the size of the sample selected when the population is notnormal.b)It allows us to disregard the shape of the sampling distribution when the size of thepopulation is large.c)It allows us to disregard the size of the population we are sampling from.d)It allows us to disregard the shape of the population when n is large.27.Suppose a sample of n = 50 items is drawn from a population of manufactured products andthe weight, X, of each item is recorded. Prior experience has shown that the weight has aprobability distribution with = 6 ounces and = 2.5 ounces. Which of the following isa)The mean of the sampling distribution is 6 ounces.b)The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is 2.5 ounces.c)The shape of the sample distribution is approximately normal.d)All of the above are correct.28.For some positive value of X, the probability that a standard normal variable is between 0and +2X is 0.1255. The value of X isa)0.99b)0.40c)0.32d)0.1629.A campus program evenly enrolls undergraduate and graduate students. If a random sampleof 4 students is selected from the program to be interviewed about the introduction of a new fast food outlet on the ground floor of the campus building, what is the probability that all 4 students selected are undergraduate students?a)0.0256b)0.0625c)0.16d) 1.0030.If two events are collectively exhaustive, what is the probability that both occur at the sametime?a)0.b)0.50.c) 1.00.d)Cannot be determined from the information given.Part II: 计算题:Q1. 某证券公司为了分析上市公司股票价格与公司净资产收益率的关系，收集了各个上市公（10分）。

商务统计试题及答案### 商务统计试题及答案#### 一、选择题1. 统计数据收集的方法不包括以下哪项？- A. 观察法- B. 实验法- C. 调查法- D. 假设法答案：D2. 以下哪项不是描述性统计分析的内容？- A. 数据的分类- B. 数据的汇总- C. 数据的推断- D. 数据的图表展示答案：C3. 在统计学中，中位数是指：- A. 数据集中出现次数最多的数值- B. 数据集的算术平均值- C. 将数据集从小到大排列后位于中间位置的数值 - D. 所有数据的和除以数据的个数答案：C#### 二、简答题1. 解释什么是标准差，并简述其在商务统计中的重要性。

标准差是衡量一组数据离散程度的统计量，它表示数据集中的数值与平均值的偏差平方的平均数的平方根。

在商务统计中，标准差用于评估数据的波动性，帮助决策者了解业务风险和市场波动。

2. 描述相关系数的概念及其在商务分析中的应用。

相关系数是度量两个变量之间线性关系强度和方向的统计指标。

在商务分析中，相关系数可以用来评估不同因素对业务结果的影响，例如，销售额与广告支出之间的关系。

#### 三、计算题1. 给定以下数据集：10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 请计算平均值、中位数和标准差。

- 平均值 = (10 + 12 + 15 + 20 + 25) / 5 = 18- 中位数 = 15（数据集从小到大排列后位于中间位置的数值）- 标准差= √[(Σ(xi - 平均值)²) / n] = √[(10 - 18)² + (12 - 18)² + ... + (25 - 18)²] / 5 ≈ 5.392. 假设某公司连续5个月的销售额分别为：30万、35万、40万、45万和50万。

计算这5个月的平均销售额和销售额的增长趋势。

- 平均销售额 = (30 + 35 + 40 + 45 + 50) / 5 = 40万- 销售额的增长趋势可以通过计算每月销售额的增长率来分析，例如，从第一个月到第二个月的增长率为 (35 - 30) / 30 * 100% = 16.67%。

《统计学》期中试卷含答案一.单项选择（每小题1分，共20分）1.要了解50个职工的工资收入情况，则总体单位为（）A.50个职工B.50个职工的工资收入C.每一个职工D.每一个职工的工资收入2.统计认识的过程是（）A.从质到量B. 从量到质C.从质开始到量，再到质与量的结合D.从量开始到质，再到量与质的结合3.以一等品、二等品和三等品来衡量某产品的质量好坏，则该产品等级是（）A.品质标志B.数量标志C.质量指标D.数量指标4.企业按利税额分组（）A.只能使用单项式分组B.只能使用组距式分组C.可以单项式分组，也可以组距式分组D.无法分组5.某市2007年第一、二、三次产业的产值之比为1：3.12：3.41，这是一个（）A.结构相对指标B.动态相对指标C.比例相对指标D.强度相对指标6. 某连续变量数列，其末组组限为500以上，又知其邻组组中值为480，则末组的组中值（）A.520B.510C.500D.4907.某经济学家对非法地下钱庄运作模式很感兴趣，他通过某种渠道深入某地下钱庄进行调查，这种调查属于（）A.普查B.重点调查C.抽样调查D.典型调查8.某市工业企业2008年生产经营成果年报呈报时间规定在2009年1月31日，则调查期限为（）A.一日B.一个月C.一年D.一年零一个月9.某企业A产品本年计划降低成本5%，实际超额 2.11%完成计划，则实际成本比上年（）A.降低2.75%B.降低3%C.降低7%D.提高2.83%10.简单表和分组表的区别在于（）A.主词是否分组B.宾词是否分组C.分组标志的多少D.分组标志是否重叠11.某组数据呈正态分布，它的算术平均数为100，众数为74，则这组数据的分布呈（）A.左偏分布B.右偏分布C.对成分布D.无法判断12.分配数列各组标志值和每组次数均增加20%,则加权算术平均数的数值（）A.减少20%B.增加20%C.不变化D.增加40%13.已知某企业产值连续四年的环比增长速度分别为8%、7.5%、8.3%、9%，则该企业产值平均每年增长速度为（）A.B.C.D.14.某企业生产某种产品，若产量逐期增长量每年相等，则其各年的环比发展速度（）A.年年下降B.年年增长C.年年保持不变D.无法判断15.下列指标中属于相对指标的是（）A.某商品平均价格B.某地区按人口平均的粮食产量C.某企业生产工人劳动生产率D.某公司职工人均工资16.平均差与标准差的主要区别在于（）A.计算条件不同B.指标意义不同C.数学处理方法不同D.计算结果不同17.已知某企业7月、8月、9月、10月的平均职工人数分别为1200人、1250人、1208人和1230人。

商务统计学[单项选择题]1、在数据采集活动中，进行观测记录的单位与总体中的个体（）A.必须相同B.必须不同C.可以相同，也可以不同D.完全没有关系参考答案：C[单项选择题]2、对于内部差异很大且有明显的不同类型界限或标志的总体，进行抽样调查应该采用的抽样方式是（）A.简单随机抽样B.系统抽样C.分层抽样D.整群抽样参考答案：C[单项选择题]3、如果观测变量的取值很多且数值成比例变化，则编制次数分布表时采用（）A.单值B.等距分组C.异距分组D.复合分组参考答案：C[单项选择题]4、统计指标是用来测度统计活动研究对象某种特征数量的（）A.概念B.数值C.概念和数值D.数值尺度参考答案：A[单项选择题]5、统计推断是一种（）A.演绎推理B.完全归纳推理C.不完全归纳推理D.非逻辑推理参考答案：C[单项选择题]6、根据斯特吉斯公式，对于样本容量为1000的一个观测样本，采用等距分组，其组数应该为（）A.9组B.10组C.11组D.12组参考答案：C[单项选择题]7、对于由观测变量的各个分组和各组变量总值顺序排列的分组分布表，计算算术平均数需采用的计算公式为（）A.简单算术平均数B.加权算术平均数C.简单调和平均数D.加权调和平均数参考答案：D[单项选择题]8、随机变量的观测值中出现次数最多的变量值是该变量的（）A.众数B.中位数C.极值D.均值参考答案：A[单项选择题]9、两个观测值之间如果存在同方向的线性函数关系，则二者的相关关系为（）A.0B.1C.-1D.0.5参考答案：B[单项选择题]10、对于同一数据，所计算出的平均差与标准差相比，通常有（）A.平均差大于标准差B.平均差小于标准差C.平均差等于标准差D.二者关系不定参考答案：B[单项选择题]11、变量x和y的相关系数的符号，取决于（）A.变量x的标准差B.变量y的标准差C.变量x和y两个标准差的乘积D.变量x和y的协方差参考答案：D[单项选择题]12、对于从所考察总体中随机抽取的一个大样本，其样本均值近似服从（）A.正态分布B.x2分布C.t分布D.均匀分布参考答案：A[单项选择题]13、抽样分布是指（）A.抽取样本的总体分布B.样本自身的分布C.样本统计量的分布D.抽样观测变量的分布参考答案：C[单项选择题]14、如果θ^是该参数θ的一致估计，则随着样本容量n的增大，有（）A.θ^的数值接近于总体参数θB.θ^的期望等于总体参数θC.θ^的方差接近于总体参数θD.θ^的方差接近于总体方差σ2参考答案：A[单项选择题]15、在假设检验中，犯第一类错误的概率等于（）A.αB.βC.1－αD.1－β参考答案：A[单项选择题]16、在给定的显著性水平之下，进行假设检验，确定拒绝域的依据是（）A.原假设为真的条件下检验统计量的概率分布B.备择假设为真的条件下检验统计量的概率分布C.观测变量的总体概率分布D.观测变量的样本分布参考答案：A[单项选择题]17、在单因子方差分析中，如果各个因子水平效应相同的原假设为真，则组间平方和SSA（）A.等于0B.等于总平方和C.完全由观测的随机误差引起D.完全由各因子水平的差异引起参考答案：C[单项选择题]18、在方差分析中，所考察的影响观测变量的各个因子都必须（）A.属性化B.数量化C.同质化D.差异化参考答案：A[单项选择题]19、使用最小二乘法估计得出的样本回归直线必然通过点（）A.（0，0）B.（x，0）C.（0，y）D.（x，y）参考答案：D[单项选择题]20、居民家庭人均消费支出的差异随着家庭人均收入的提高而增加，这种现象称为（）A.直线趋势B.曲线趋势C.异方差D.异常数据参考答案：C[单项选择题]21、累计采样所得到的时间序列是（）A.时点序列B.时期序列C.特征序列D.平稳序列参考答案：B更多内容请访问《睦霖题库》微信公众号[单项选择题]22、已知一个时间序列的最初水平和最末水平，要计算各期的平均增长速度，则应采用的计算方法为（）A.算术平均法B.几何平均法C.代数平均法D.调和平均法参考答案：B[单项选择题]23、如果时间序列的环比增长量大致相等，则应采用的趋势模型为（）A.直线趋势模型B.指数曲线趋势模型C.二次曲线趋势模型D.修正指数曲线趋势模型参考答案：A[单项选择题]24、非概率型决策是一种（）A.确定性决策B.非确定性决策C.等可能性决策D.非计算性决策参考答案：B[单项选择题]25、期望损益准则特别适用于（）A.重复性决策B.一次性决策C.确定性决策D.非概率型决策参考答案：A[单项选择题]26、劳动生产率指数是一个（）。

商务统计试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 商务统计中，数据的收集方法不包括以下哪一项？A. 观察法B. 实验法C. 调查法D. 推算法答案：D2. 在统计学中，总体是指：A. 研究对象的全体B. 研究对象的一部分C. 研究对象的个体D. 研究对象的样本答案：A3. 下列哪个选项不是描述数据集中趋势的统计量？A. 平均数B. 中位数C. 方差D. 众数答案：C4. 在商务统计中，相关系数的取值范围是：A. -1到1之间B. 0到1之间C. 1到10之间D. 任何实数答案：A5. 以下哪种图表最适合展示时间序列数据的变化趋势？A. 条形图B. 饼图C. 折线图D. 散点图答案：C6. 假设检验的目的是：A. 确定总体参数B. 估计总体参数C. 验证样本数据D. 验证总体参数答案：D7. 在回归分析中，自变量和因变量之间的关系是：A. 正相关B. 负相关C. 无关D. 线性关系答案：D8. 下列哪个选项不是统计分析中常见的数据类型？A. 定类数据B. 定序数据C. 定距数据D. 定性数据答案：D9. 标准差是衡量数据离散程度的统计量，其计算公式为：A. 平均数的平方B. 平均数的平方根C. 方差的平方根D. 方差的倒数答案：C10. 以下哪个统计量用于衡量数据的偏态？A. 均值B. 方差C. 偏度D. 峰度答案：C二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 下列哪些是商务统计中常用的数据收集方法？A. 观察法B. 实验法C. 调查法D. 推算法答案：ABC2. 在商务统计中，描述数据集中趋势的统计量包括：A. 平均数B. 中位数C. 方差D. 众数答案：ABD3. 以下哪些是描述数据离散程度的统计量？A. 标准差B. 方差C. 偏度D. 峰度答案：AB4. 在统计学中，总体参数和样本统计量的区别在于：A. 总体参数是固定的B. 样本统计量是估计值C. 总体参数是估计值D. 样本统计量是固定的答案：AB5. 下列哪些是商务统计中常见的数据类型？A. 定类数据B. 定序数据C. 定距数据D. 定性数据答案：ABC三、判断题（每题2分，共10分）1. 商务统计中，数据收集的方法只有调查法和观察法。

命题方式：统一命题佛山科学技术学院2014—2015学年第二学期《商务统计学》课程期末考试试题E答案专业班级：13级经济管理1~10班任课老师：辛焕平、贲雪峰、靳娜一、判断题（1分×15=15分）二、单项选择题（1分×15=15分）三、多项选择题（2分×10=20分）四、简答题（6分×2=12分）1、抽样调查是指从研究的总体中按随机原则抽取部分单位作为样本，进行观察研究，并根据这部分单位的调查结果去推断总体，以达到认识总体的统计调查方法。

特点：（1）按随机原则抽取调查单位；（2）用总体中部分单位的指标数值推断总体指标数值；（3）抽样调查中产生的误差可以事先计算并加以控制。

2、答：时间数列又称动态数列，是将表明社会现象在不同时间发展变化的某种指标数值，按时间先后顺序排列而形成的数列。

其构成要素有两个：（1）现象所属的时间；（2）现象在不同时间上的观察值。

五、综合业务计算题（1小题6分，2、3小题各10分，4小题12分，共38分）225.11.111002.112003.12600110012002600==∑∑=++++XM MX 甲（元/公斤）175.11.122002.112003.11300220012001300==∑∑=++++XM MX 乙（元/公斤） 甲菜市场白菜平均价格高的原因是高价格的白菜销售量大，低价格的白菜销售量小。

3.⑴ Kp =1011q p q p ∑∑×100% = Kpq p q p 1111∑∑×100% = 750822×100% = 109.6%由于价格变化而增加的总产值：∑11qp －∑10qp = 822－750 = 72（万元）⑵Kpq =0011q p q p ∑∑×100% = 715822×100% = 114.97%Kq =0010q p q p ∑∑×100%=0011q p Kpq p ∑∑×100% = 715750 = 104.9%⑶ Kpq ＝Kp ×Kq 114.97% = 109.6%×104.9%∑11q p －∑00q p = (∑11q p －∑Kp q p 11)＋(∑Kpqp 11－∑00q p ) （822－715）= (822－750)＋(750－715)107 = 35＋72 4. 解：（1） 相关系数：9574.087837*10*63441*1087*63605*10)(*)(222222=---=---=∑∑∑∑∑∑∑y yn x x n y x xy n r每人月平均销售额与利润率之间是线性正相关关系，高度相关。

《统计学基础》2014-2015学年度（上）期中考试试卷一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1、某企业有500名职工，把他们的工资额加起来除以500是（B ）A 对500个变量求平均数 B对500个变量值求平均数C对500个指标求平均数 D对500个标志求平均数2、统计资料按数量标志进行组距式分组后，处于每组两端的数值叫（ C ）A组距 B组数 C组限 D组中值3、将比较的基数确定为10，计算出来的相对数为（ C ）A系数 B百分数 C成数 D倍数4、在下列变异指标中，受极端数值影响最大的是（ A ）A全距 B平均差 C标准差 D变异系数5、抽样误差（ D ）。

A既可以避免，也可以控制B既不可以避免，也不可以控制C可以避免，但不能控制D不能避免，但可以控制6、某变量数列如下：53,55,54,57,56,55,54,55,56.则其中位数为（D ）。

A、53B、54C、55D、567、若销售量增长5%，零售价格增长2%，则商品销售额增长（ D ）A7% B10% C15% D7.1%8、某企业成本计划降低率为5%，实际降低率为10%，则成本计划完成百分比为（ D ）A、94.74 %B、200%C、105.56%D、104.76%9、某市2007年的税收收入是二十年钱的五倍，这一指标是（ B ）A结构相对指标 B动态相对指标 C比列相对指标 D比较相对指标10、2008年春节，某市质量监督部门要对市场销售的食品进行检验，那么，最适合采用的调查方式是（ C ）A普查 B重点调查 C抽样调查 D典型调查二、多项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1、统计的职能包括（ A BC ）A信息职能 B咨询职能 C监督职能 D协调职能2、下列调查中，属于一次性调查的是（BC ）A近十年我国利用外资的情况调查B10年一次的人口普查C一批产品合格率的检查D按月统计的钢产量调查3、以一个企业为总体，下列属于相对指标的是（ BC ）A职工人数 B人均产值 C人均工资 D工业总产值4、下列统计指标中，属于质量指标的有（BCE ）A、销售额B、单位产品价格C、利润率D、人口数E、年人均收入5、用几何平均法计算平均发展速度时，被开方的指标是（ ACD ）A环比发展速度的连乘积B环比增长速度的连乘积C报告期发展水平与基期发展水平之比D发展总速度6、测定现象之间有无相关性的方式是（ ABD ）A编制相关表B 绘制相关图C估计标准差D计算相关系数7、某市三种消费品销量未变，其价格总指数为110%，它的影响额为5万元，这表示（ABCD ） A这三种商品价格平均上涨10%B因涨价而使销售额增10%C 因涨价而使商品销售额增加5万元D由于涨价，居民要维持原来的生活水平，需为此多支付5万元8、在下列条件下，加权算术平均数和简单算术平均数相等（ACD）A各组次数相对 B各组变量值相等C变量数列为组距数列 D各组次数都为19、平均数的种类有（ABCDE ）。

《商务统计》试题7参考答案及评分标准一、判断题（每题1分，共10分）三、填空题（每题3四、简答题（每题5分，共15分）1.简述小概率事件原理及其在假设检验中的应用。

小概率事件指概率很小的事件（1分）。

小概率事件原理是指在一次实验中，发生概率很小的事件，可以认为是不可能事件（2分）。

在假设检验中，根据样本观测量计算检验统计量的值，如果在原假设正确的前提下，检验统计量的值的出现是小概率事件，则可以认为原假设错误（2分）。

2.列举描述一个变量的数值方法。

平均值、中位数、众数、极差、四分位距、方差、标准差（答对1个计1分）。

3.简述方差分析的基本原理。

方差分析是分析分类型自变量对数值型因变量影响的一种统计方法，可以检验多个总体均值是否相等（1分）。

方差分析通过分析数据的误差来检验自变量对因变量的影响效果是否显著（1分）。

具体地，它通过检验各总体均值是否相等来判断分类型自变量对数值型因变量是否具有显著影响。

如果总体均值相等，可以期望三个样本的均值会很接近。

因此，三个样本的均值的分散程度可以为原假设是否成立提供证据（3分）。

五、计算题（每题15分，共30分）1.（1）令μ1、μ2分别表示两家分行的经常性账户平均余额，则原假设为H0：μ1−μ2=0(2分)，备择假设为H a：μ1−μ2≠0（1分）。

（2）应该应用t统计量（1分）。

因为两家银行的账户余额都服从正态分布，两个总体的方差σ12与σ22未知。

在原假设成立的条件下，12√s1/n1+s2/n2t分布（2分）。

检验统计量t=12√s1/n1+s2/n2=√1502/28+1252/22=2.96（2分）。

（3）t分布自由度df=(s12n1+s22n2)21n1−1(s12n1)2+1n2−1(s22n2)2≈47，显著性水平是α=0.05，则拒绝域的临界值t0.025=2.01、−t0.025=−2.01 。

拒绝原假设的决策准则为：t≥2.01或者t≤−2.01时，拒绝原假设H0（2分）。

商务统计试题卷《商务统计》试题选登⼀、单项选择题下列各题A）、B）C）、D）四个选项中，只有⼀个选项是正确的。

1．进⾏全国⼈⼝普查，普查总体中的个体是A）每个省的⼈⼝ B）每个县的⼈⼝ C）每个家庭的⼈⼝ D）每个⼈2．根据⼈的性别特征将⼈⼝划分为男性和⼥性两类，所采⽤的测度计量尺度是A）名义尺度 B）顺序尺度 C）差距尺度 D）⽐例尺度3．某市场调查公司为了对⼀家⼤型商场做顾客满意度调查，对不同性别和年龄的顾客按事先规定的⼈数随意进⾏了⼀些调查询问，这种调查属于A）任意调查 B）⽴意调查 C）配额抽样 D）整群抽样4．利⽤拉丁⽅来安排试验观测，所需要考虑的因素只能为A）2个 B）3个 C）4个 D）5个5.从0-1分布总体中进⾏不放回抽样，样本中具有1值的个体数服从A）两点分布 B）⼆项分布 C）超⼏何分布 D）泊松分布6.测度随机变量分布中⼼最常⽤的指标是A）算术平均数 B）中位数 C）众数 D）调和平均数7.变量x与y的相关系数的符号取决于A）变量x的标准差 B）变最y的标准差C）变量x和y两标准差的乘积 D）变量x和y的协⽅差8.有⼀个样本容量为10的样本，其均值为1300⼩时，⽅差为8175.56。

若按放回抽样计算，则样本均值的标准误是A）28.35⼩时 B）28.59⼩时 C）29.61⼩时 D）30.02⼩时9.在关于总体参数的假设检验中，原假设必须是⼀个A）精确假设 B)⾮精确假设 C）复合假设 D）备择假设10.如果原假设为H0：θ≥θ0，备则假设为H1：θ＜θ0，则进⾏假设检验时应采⽤A）侧检验 B）左侧检验 C）双侧检验 D）上侧检验11.在⽅差分析中，各次试验观测应A）相互关联 B）互不相关 C）计量逐步精确 D）⽅法逐步改进12.相关关系是变量之间⼀种A）线性函数依存关系 B）确定性的数量依存关系C）⾮线性函数依存关系 D）⾮确定性的数量依存关系13.对于回归模型y j=βo+β1x j+u j(j=1,2,…，n)，为了进⾏统计推断，通常假定u1、u2、…、u n的数学期望A）均⼤于0 B）均等于0 C）均⼩于0 D）均不为014.如果时间序列的环⽐增长量⼤致相等，则应采⽤的趋势模型为A）直线趋势模型 B）指数曲线趋势模型C）⼆次曲线趋势模型 D）修正指数曲线趋势模型15.对于p阶时间序列⾃回归模型来说，可⽤于估计其模型参数的有效样本容量为A）n B）p C）n-p D)n+p16.若决策者按照对客观环境状态最乐观的设想寻求取得最⼤的收益，则他所采⽤的决策准则是A）⼤中取⼩原则 B）⼩中取⼤原则 C）⼤中取⼤原则 D）折中原则17.在决策树中，引出各客观状态的是A）⽅案枝 B）状态枝 C）决策点 D）状态点18.由拉⽒指数和派⽒指数经过简单⼏何平均⽽得到的指数是A）杨格综合指数 B）马埃综合指数 C）费暄理想指数 D）平均指数19.现期与基期相⽐，某地粮⾷总产量增长了10%，粮⾷播种⾯积增长了5%，则粮⾷平均亩产量增长了A）0.5% B）2% C）4.8% D)5%20.经济业绩指数的分⼦是A）实际经济增长率 B）名义经济增长率 C）通货膨胀率 D）失业率⼆、多项选择题下列各题A）、B）、C）、D）、E）五个选项中，⾄少有两个答案是正确的。

Practice Test 1 Business Statistics:Multiple Choice: Each is worth two pointsIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.**Skip 15-17,18,20 Ch10-12,13 Material____ 1. The sum of the relative frequencies 频率for all classes will always equala. the sample sizeb. the number of classesc. oned. any value larger than one____ 2. The interquartile range四分位差 isa. the 50th percentileb. another name for the variancec. the difference between the largest and smallest valuesd. the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile____ 3. The standard deviation 标准偏差of a sample of 100 observations观察值 equals 64. The variance of the sample equalsa. 8b. 10c. 6400d. 4,096____ 4. The numerical value数值 of the standard deviation can never bea. larger than the varianceb. Zeroc. Negatived. smaller than the variance____ 5. The set of all possible sample points (experimental outcomes) is calleda. a sampleb. an eventc. the sample spaced. a population____ 6. A random variable 随机变量that can assume假设 only a finite 有限number of values is referred to as a(n)a. infinite sequenceb. finite sequencec. discrete random variabled. discrete probability functionExhibit展示 5-11A local bottling 瓶装company has determined the number of machine breakdowns per month and their respective probabilities asshown below:Number ofBreakdowns Probability0 0.121 0.382 0.253 0.184 0.07____ 7. Refer to Exhibit 5-11. The probability of at least 3 breakdowns in a month is？？？？a. 0.5b. 0.10c. 0.30d. 0.90____ 8. A normal probability distribution概率分布a. is a continuous probability distributionb. is a discrete离散 probability distributionc. can be either continuous or discreted. must have a standard deviation of 1Exhibit 6-6The starting salaries of individuals 个体with an MBA degree are normally distributed with a mean of $40,000 and a standarddeviation of $5,000.____ 9. Refer to Exhibit 6-6. What percentage of MBA's will have starting salaries of $34,000 to $46,000?a. 38.49%b. 38.59%c. 50%d. 76.98%____ 10. Given that Z is a standard normal random variable, what is the value of Z if the area between -Z and Z is 0.901?a. 1.96b. -1.96c. 0.4505d. ±1.65____ 11. Which of the following is not a measure 估计of central location中位值?a. meanb. Median中间值c. varianced. Mode众数____ 12. The descriptive measure of dispersion离差量度 that is based on the concept of a deviation about the mean isa. the rangeb. the interquartile rangec. the absolute 绝对value of the ranged. the standard deviation____ 13. Which of the following symbols represents the mean of the population?a. σ2b. σc. μd.____ 14. Which of the following symbols represents the size of the samplea. σ2b. σc. Nd. n____ 15. If two events are independent, thena. they must be mutually exclusiveb. the sum of their probabilities must be equal to onec. their intersection交集 must be zerod. None of these alternatives is correct..____ 16. Which of the following statements is(are) always true?？？？？？？a. -1 ≤ P(E i) ≤1b. P(A) = 1 - P(A c)c. P(A) + P(B) = 1d. ∑P ≥ 1____ 17. A measure of the average value of a random variable is called a(n)a. varianceb. standard deviationc. expected valued. coefficient of variation____ 18. Four percent of the customers of a mortgage company default on their payments. A sample of five customers is selected. What is the probability that exactly two customers in the sample will default on their payments?a. 0.2592b. 0.0142c. 0.9588d. 0.7408____ 19. The expected value of a discrete random variable？？？？a. is the most likely or highest probability value for the random variableb. will always be one of the values x can take on, although it may not be the highest probability value forthe random variablec. is the average value for the random variable over many repeats of the experimentd. None of these alternatives is correct.____ 20. Which of the following is not a property of a binomial 二项式experiment?a. the experiment consists of a sequence of n identical trialsb. each outcome can be referred to as a success or a failurec. the probabilities of the two outcomes can change from one trial to the nextd. the trials are independentExhibit 5-9The probability distribution for the daily sales at Michael's Co. is given below.Daily Sales(In $1,000s) Probability40 0.150 0.460 0.370 0.2____ 21. Refer to Exhibit 5-9. The expected daily sales area. $55,000b. $56,000c. $50,000d. $70,000____ 22. For a standard normal distribution, the probability of z 0 isa. zerob. -0.5c. 0.5d. oneExhibit 6-2The weight of football players is normally distributed with a mean of 200 pounds and a standard deviation of 25 pounds.____ 23. Refer to Exhibit 6-2. What percent of players weigh between 180 and 220 pounds?a. 28.81%b. 0.5762%c. 0.281%d. 57.62%Exhibit 6-6The starting salaries of individuals with an MBA degree are normally distributed with a mean of $40,000 and a standard deviationof $5,000.____ 24. Refer to Exhibit 6-6. What is the probability that a randomly selected individual with an MBA degree will get a starting salary of at least $47,500?a. 0.4332b. 0.9332c. 0.0668d. 0.5000Short Answer/Problems1.The following data represent the daily demand (y in thousands of units) and the unit price (x in dollars) for a product.Daily Demand (y) Unit Price (x)47 139 335 544 334 620 815 1630 6a. Compute and interpret the sample covariance协方差 for the above data.b. Compute and interpret the sample correlation coefficient.相关系数2.The daily dinner bills in a local restaurant are normally distributed with a mean of $28 and a standard deviation of $6.a. What is the probability that a randomly selected bill will be at least $39.10?b. What percentage of the bills will be less than $16.90?c. What are the minimum and maximum of the middle 95% of the bills?d. If twelve of one day's bills had a value of at least $43.06, how many bills did the restaurant collect on that day?3.Below you are given a partial computer output based on a sample of 7 observations, relating an independent variable (x) and a dependentvariable (y).Predictor Coefficient Standard ErrorConstant 24.112 8.376x -0.252 0.253Analysis of VarianceSOURCE SSRegression 196.893Error 94.822a. Develop the estimated regression line.b. If you are given that x = 50, find the estimate of y based on your regression equation.c. Determine the coefficient of determination and interpret your answer.Solutions to MC1. ANS:C2.ANS:D3.ANS:D4.ANS:C5.ANS:C6.ANS:C7.ANS:D8.ANS:A9. ANS:D10.ANS:D11. ANS: C12.ANS:D13.ANS: C14.ANS:D15.ANS: D16.ANS:B17.ANS: C18. ANS: B19. ANS: C20.ANS:C21.ANS: B22.ANS:C23.ANS: D24.ANS:C25.ANS: C26. ANS: A27. ANS: B28. ANS: D29. ANS: CSolutions to Short Answer1. ANS:a. -47 (rounded). Since the covariance is negative, it indicates a negative relationship between x and y.b. -0.922. There is a strong negative relationship between x and y.2. ANS:a. 0.0322b. 0.0322c. minimum = $16.24 maximum = $39.06d. 2,0003. ANS:a.= 24.112 + 0.816xb.If x = 50 then = 24.112 + 0.816x 24.1 + 0.82 ( 50 ) = 65.1c. 0.675 So there is a fairly strong positive relationship between x and y.Practice Test 2 Business Statistics:Multiple Choice: Each is worth two pointsIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____ 1. The sample statistic s is the point estimator ofa. μb. σc.d.____ 2. A sample statistic is an unbiased estimator of the population parameter ifa. the expected value of the sample statistic is equal to zerob. the expected value of the sample statistic is equal to onec. the expected value of the sample statistic is equal to the population parameterd. it is equal to zero____ 3. A property of a point estimator that occurs whenever larger sample sizes tend to provide point estimates closer to the population parameter is known asb. unbiased samplingc. consistencyd. relative estimation____ 4. A random sample of 121 bottles of cologne showed an average content of 4 ounces. It is known that the standard deviation标准差of the contents (i.e., of the population) is 0.22 ounces. In this problem the 0.22 isa. a parameter参数b. a statisticc. the standard error标准误差 of the meand. the average content of colognes in the long run____ 5. A sample of 92 observations is taken from an infinite population. The sampling distribution of is approximately大约a. normal because is always approximately normally distributedb. normal because the sample size is small in comparison to the population sizec. normal because of the central limit theorem中心极限定理d. None of these alternatives is correct.____ 6. As the number of degrees of freedom for a t distribution increases, the difference between the t distribution and the standard normal distributiona. becomes largerb. becomes smallerc. stays the samed. None of these alternatives is correct.____ 7. From a population of 200 elements, a sample of 49 elements is selected. It is determined that the sample mean is 56 and the sample standard deviation is 14. The standard error of the mean isa. 3b. 2c. greater than 2d. less than 2____ 8. Which of the following is(are) point estimator(s)?a. σb. μc. sd. α____B 9. A population characteristic, such as a population mean总体平均值, is calleda. a statisticb. a parameterc. a sampled. the mean deviation___A_ 10. The sample statistic, such as , s, or , that provides the point estimate of the population parameter is known asa. a point estimatorb. a parameterc. a population parameterd. a population statistic____A 11. The fact that the sampling distribution of sample means can be approximated by a normal probability distribution whenever the sample size is large is based on thea. central limit theoremb. fact that we have tables of areas for the normal distributionc. assumption that the population has a normal distributiond. None of these alternatives is correct.____C 12. Random samples of size 17 are taken from a population that has 200 elements, a mean of 36, and a standard deviation of 8. The mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample means area. 8.7 and 1.94c. 36 and 1.86d. 36 and 8____A 13. When constructing a confidence interval for the population mean and a small sample is used, the degrees of freedom for the t distribution equalsa. n-1b. nc. 29d. 30____A_ 14. The collection of all possible sample points in an experiment isa. the sample spaceb. a sample pointc.an experimentd. the population_____D 15. Of five letters (A, B, C, D, and E), two letters are to be selected at random. How many possible selections are there?a. 20b. 7c. 5!d. 10_____B 16. The “Top Three” at a racetrack consists of picking the correct order of the first three horses in a race. If there are 10 horses in a particular race, how many “Top Three” outcomes are there?a. 302,400b. 720c. 1,814,400d. 10_____ C17. Given that event E has a probability of 0.25, the probability of the complement 补足of event Ea. cannot be determined with the above informationb. can have any value between zero and onec. must be 0.75d. is 0.25_____A 18. The symbol ⋃ shows thea.union of eventsb. intersection of eventsc.sum of the probabilities of eventsd. sample space_____B19. If P(A) = 0.38, P(B) = 0.83, and P(A ⋂ B) = 0.57; then P(A ⋃ B) =a. 1.21b. 0.64c. 0.78d. 1.78_____ B20. If P(A) = 0.62, P(B) = 0.47, and P(A ⋃ B) = 0.88; then P(A ⋂ B) =a. 0.2914b. 1.9700c. 0.6700d. 0.2100_____D 21. If P(A) = 0.85, P(A ⋃ B) = 0.72, and P(A ⋂ B) = 0.66, then P(B) =a. 0.15b. 0.53c. 0.28d. 0.15_____D 22. Two events are mutually exclusive ifa. the probability of their intersection is 1b. they have no sample points in commonc. the probability of their intersection is 0.5d. the probability of their intersection is 1 and they have no sample points in commonC 23. If A and B are mutually exclusive events with P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.5, thenP(A ⋂ B) =a. 0.30b. 0.15c. 0.00d. 0.20_____ C24. If A and B are mutually exclusive events with P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.5, thenP(A ⋃ B) =a. 0.00b. 0.15c. 0.8d. 0.2____B_ 25. A subset of a population selected to represent the population is aa.subsetb.samplec.small populationd. None of the alternative answers is correct._____A 26. A simple random sample of size n from an infinite population of size N is to be selected. Each possible sample should havea. the same probability of being selectedb. a probability of 1/n of being selectedc. a probability of 1/N of being selectedd. a probability of N/n of being selected_____D 27. A probability distribution for all possible values of a sample statistic is known as aa.sample statisticb.parameterc.simple random sampled.sampling distribution_____D 28. From a population of 200 elements, the standard deviation is known to be 14. A sample of 49 elements is selected. It is determined that the sample mean is 56. The standard error of the mean isa. 3b. 2c. greater than 2d. less than 2_____ D29. From a population of 500 elements, a sample of 225 elements is selected. It is known that the variance of the population is 900. The standard error of the mean is approximatelya. 1.1022b. 2c. 30d. 1.4847Short Answer/ProblemsDirections: Clearly designate your solution to each portion of the questions asked and show yourentire work and method for arriving at the solution.1. The sales records of a real estate agency show the following sales over the past 200 days:b. Assign probabilities to the sample points and show their values.c. What is the probability that the agency will not sell any houses in a given day?d. What is the probability of selling at least 2 houses?e. What is the probability of selling 1 or 2 houses?f. What is the probability of selling less than 3 houses?2. Assume two events A and B are mutually exclusive and, furthermore, P(A) = 0.2 and P(B) = 0.4.a. Find P(A ⋂ B).b. Find P(A ⋃ B).c. Find P(A⎜B).3.You are given the following information on Events A, B, C, and D. P(A) = .4, P(B) = .2, P(C) = .1,P(A ⋃ D) = .6, P(A⎜B) = .3, P(A ⋂ C) = .04, P(A ⋂ D) = .03a. Compute P(D).b. Compute P(A ⋂ B).c. Compute P(A⎜C).d. Compute the probability of the complement of C.e. Are A and B mutually exclusive? Explain your answer.f. Are A and B independent? Explain your answer.g. Are A and C mutually exclusive? Explain your answer.h. Are A and C independent? Explain your answer.4. Consider a population of five weights identical in appearance but weighing 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9ounces.a. Determine the mean and the variance of the population.b. Sampling without replacement from the above population with a sample size of 2 produces ten possiblesamples. Using the ten sample mean values, determine the mean of the population and the variance of .c. Compute the standard error of the mean.5. A population of 1,000 students spends an average of $10.50 a day on dinner. The standarddeviation of the expenditure is $3. A simple random sample of 64 students is taken.a. What are the expected value, standard deviation, and shape of the sampling distribution of the sample mean?b. What is the probability that these 64 students will spend a combined total of more than $715.21?c. What is the probability that these 64 students will spend a combined total between $703.59 and $728.45? Solutions to MC Problems1. ANS: B2ANS:C3.ANS:C4. ANS:A5. ANS:C6. ANS:B7.ANS:D 8.ANS:C9.ANS:B10. ANS:A11. ANS: A12.ANS:C13.ANS: A14.ANS:A15.ANS: D16.ANS:B17.ANS: C18.ANS:A19. ANS: B20.ANS:D21.ANS: B22.ANS:B23.ANS:C24.ANS:C25. ANS: B26. ANS: A27. ANS: D28.ANS: D29. ANS: DShort Answer/ProblemsDirections: Clearly designate your solution to each portion of the questions asked and show yourentire work and method for arriving at the solution.1. ANSWERS:2. ANSWERS:a. 0.0 b. 0.6 c. 0.03ANSWERS:a. 0.23b. 0.06c. 0.4d. 0.9e. No, P(A⎜B) ≠ 0f. No, P(A⎜B) ≠ P(A)g. No, P(A ⋂ C) ≠ 0h. Y es, P(A⎜C) = P(A)4. ANSWERS:a. 5 and 8b. 5 and 3c. 1.7325. ANSWERS:a. 10.5 0.363 normalb. 0.0314c. 0.0794。

商务统计复习题商务统计复习题商务统计是一门应用统计学的学科，它通过收集、整理和分析数据来帮助企业做出决策。

在商务统计的学习过程中，我们需要掌握一些基本的概念和方法。

下面是一些商务统计的复习题，希望能够帮助大家巩固知识。

一、概率与统计基础1. 什么是概率？请举一个例子说明概率的计算方法。

2. 什么是统计学？统计学的主要研究对象是什么？3. 请解释以下术语：总体、样本、参数、统计量。

4. 什么是频率分布？请举一个例子说明频率分布的计算方法。

5. 请解释以下术语：均值、中位数、众数、标准差。

二、数据收集与整理1. 数据收集的方法有哪些？请简要介绍每种方法的特点。

2. 请解释以下术语：抽样误差、非抽样误差、随机误差、系统误差。

3. 什么是数据清洗？数据清洗的目的是什么？4. 请解释以下术语：缺失数据、异常值、重复数据。

5. 数据可视化有哪些常用的方法？请简要介绍每种方法的特点。

三、统计分析方法1. 请解释以下术语：假设检验、显著性水平、拒绝域、接受域。

2. 什么是回归分析？回归分析的应用领域有哪些？3. 请解释以下术语：相关系数、回归系数、残差、决定系数。

4. 什么是时间序列分析？时间序列分析的主要方法有哪些？5. 请解释以下术语：季节性、趋势、周期、噪声。

四、商务统计应用案例1. 请以某个行业或企业为例，说明商务统计在该行业或企业中的应用。

2. 请以某个市场调研为例，说明商务统计在市场调研中的应用。

3. 请以某个产品销售数据为例，说明商务统计在销售分析中的应用。

4. 请以某个金融机构为例，说明商务统计在风险管理中的应用。

5. 请以某个医疗机构为例，说明商务统计在医疗数据分析中的应用。

通过以上复习题的回答，我们可以回顾和巩固商务统计的基本概念和方法。

商务统计在现代企业管理中扮演着重要的角色，它可以帮助企业做出科学的决策，提高经营效率和盈利能力。

希望大家能够认真复习，掌握商务统计的核心知识，为将来的工作做好准备。

《商务统计》试题5------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------一、判断题（每题1分，共10分）1.应用切比雪夫定理估计与平均数的距离在z个标准差之内的数据项所占比例时，z的取值可以是任意正数( )。

2.条形图和直方图都可以用于描述分类数据的频数分布、相对频数分布或百分比频数分布( )。

3.在样本容量一定的情况下，为了确保更高的置信度，置信区间的宽度必须变大( )。

4.事件A与其补A c是互斥的( )。

5.无论是单侧检验还是双侧检验，如果p值≤α，则拒绝原假设H0( )。

6.对于简单随机样本，样本均值x̅的数学期望、标准差受到样本容量n的影响 ( )。

7.在联列表中，两个变量必须都是分类变量或者都是数值型变量( )。

8.当分类数据用数值表示时，可以进行有意义的算术运算( )。

9.在满足一定条件时，可以用正态分布近似计算二项分布 ( )。

10.方差分析仅能用于实验性研究得到的数据而不能用于观测性研究得到的数据( )。

二、单项选择题（每题2分，共30分）1.由于改变生产方法所需的时间和成本都很大，所以在一种新方法实施之前，制造负责人必须使管理人员确信，推荐的制造方法能降低成本。

目前生产方法的平均成本是每小时22美元。

一项调研工作是在样本生产期同，测量新方法的成本。

以下假设合适的是( )。

A. H0:μ≥22 H a:μ<22B.H0:μ≤22 H a:μ>22C.H0:μ>22 H a:μ≤22D.H0:μ<22 H a:μ≥222.以下关于众数的说法错误的是( )。

A.众数是数据集中出现频率最高的数据值B.众数仅适用于数值型数据C.众数是一种位置度量指标D.众数有可能存在两个或更多3.以下关于事件的概率说法错误的是( )。