常见的雅思听力陷阱（一）在这里，我们将重点介绍雅思听力考试中最常见的陷阱——同义替换陷阱。
所谓的同义替换就是出现在题目中的关键词和关键词组不会在你听到的录音中直接出现，而是以“同义词”或“近义的表达”来替换出现（属于“训练方法”中所提到的复现效应）。
由于雅思听力考试中几乎一半以上的题目都存在“同义替换陷阱”，这样就对考生定位关键词造成了很大的障碍，占了总失分率的60%，所以考生一定要努力攻克这个难关。
同义替换可以分为以下五类：I. 近义词替换由于雅思听力考试中填写的答案以名词为主，所以近义“动词”的替换概率很高，请考生引起注意，平时可以注意积累。
{真题范例}Before starting the ……………………….（剑桥真题 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 30 ）本题答案：research（研究）。
固定搭配：embark upon（开始从事）原文录音：My advice would be to get it done before you embark upon the research.近义替换：start（开始）←对应→ embark（开始）难度系数：★{真题范例}The ancestors of the Gir Sanctuary lions were protected by a ……………（剑桥真题 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 37 ）原文录音：descended from a few dozen lions that were saved by a prince who took a particular interest in them.近义替换：protect（保护）←对应→ save（拯救）难度系数：★雅思听力考试中，偶尔会出现近义“形容词”的替换，由于这类陷阱比较特殊，往往让考生防不胜防，失分率极高。
{真题范例}Inhabitants lived in conditions of great ……………….. with very poor sanitation.（剑桥真题 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 30 ）本题答案：poverty（贫困）。
原文录音：Those who could afford to live in more pleasant surroundings moved out, and the area became one where the vast majority of people lived in extreme poverty.近义替换：great（巨大的）←对应→ extreme（极度的）难度系数：★★★II.近义词组替换近义词组的替换在听力考试中出现概率很高，特别是带有of的词组，此类陷阱出现的很有规律性。
带有of的词组有50%的概率会出现替换，但考生只要用心留意，就能抓住考点。
TPO小站老师总结归纳了雅思真题中最具典型性的替换形式，请考生仔细研究。
{真题范例}Agricultural workers came from other parts of ………………… to look for work.（剑桥真题 6 Test 1 Section 4 Question 35 ）本题答案：England（英格兰）。
原文录音： And in the late sixteenth century, when much of the rest of England was suffering economically, a lot of agricultural workers came to the East End to look for alternative work.近义替换：other parts of（其他地方）←对应→rest of（其他地方）难度系数：★★{真题范例}For their assignment, the students must investigate one part of the………（剑桥真题 6 Test 3 Section 3 Question 21 ）本题答案： entertainment industry（娱乐业）。
原文录音：Well, it says here we have to look at one area of the entertainment industry.近义替换：one part of（一种）←对应→ one area of （一种）难度系数：★★{真题范例}The libraries on both sites provide internet access and have a variety of ……….… materials on education.（剑桥真题 6 Test 4 Section 3 Question 21 ）本题答案：reference（参考）。
原文录音： Access to online databases and the Internet is available at both sites and each site has a range of reference materials on education.近义替换： a variety of（多种）←对应→ a range of（多种）（词组a variety of在雅思听力考试中有60%概率是对应a range of）难度系数：★{真题范例}A large part of the lion’s……………… consists of animals belonging to local farmers.（剑桥真题 6 Test 4 Section 3 Question 21 ）原文录音： A significant proportion of the lion’s diet is made up of the livestock of these farmers — goats, chickens and so on — as much as a third, in fact.近义替换：A large part of（很大一部分）←对应→ A significant proportion of（很大一部分）难度系数：★{真题范例}When investing in stocks and shares, it is suggested that women should put a high proportion of their savings in ………………….（剑桥真题 5 Test 1 Section 4 Question 40 ）本题答案： low‐risk investment（低风险投资）。
原文录音：It is usually advised that at least 70% of a person’s savings should be in low‐risk investments but for the rest, financial advisors often advise taking some well‐informed risks.近义替换：a high proportion of（高比例的）←对应→ 70% of（70%的）类似词组：the majority of , most of , a large part of，a high percentage of难度系数：★★★III.近义表达替换近义表达替换是所有替换中难度系数最大，使得考生得分率最低的陷阱之一，旨在考察考生真实的语言能力和随机应变的能力TPO小站老师分析认为此类陷阱干扰性较大，需要考生能听懂说话者的言外之意。
所以为了得到高分，考生务必使出浑身解数，与出题者“斗智斗勇”。
{真题范例}According to the speaker, George viewed Rosewood House as…………..A a rich source of material for his books.B a way to escape from his work.C a typical building of the region.（剑桥真题 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 30 ）原文录音：George regarded Rosewood as a pure example of a traditional country house of this part of England and did some of his most successful writing here.近义表达：a typical building of the region（这个地区的典型建筑）←对应→ a pure example of a traditional country house of this part of England（英格兰这块地方的传统乡间房子的完美代表）难度系数：★★★{真题范例}The lions sometimes………………., especially when water is short.（剑桥真题 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 39 ）本题答案： attack humans（攻击人类）。
原文录音： And they’ve even been known to attack humans, especially in times of drought.近义表达：when water is short（当缺水的时候）←对应→ in times of drought（当干旱的时候）难度系数：★★★IV.词性替换词性替换在雅思听力考试中出现概率不高，由于此类陷阱出现形式比较单一，所以难度系数一般不是特别高，只要考生小心对待，就可以减少失分率。
{真题范例}— N.B. Couldn’t find Ericsson’s essays on managing the……………………..本题答案：classroom（班级）。
原文录音：But I’m afraid I didn’t manage to get hold of the essays about classroom management.词性转换： manage（动词）←对应→ management（名词）难度系数：★V. 加减关系的逻辑替换此类陷阱可能会用到比较简单的运算和推理，但难度系数不大，容易出现在雅思听力考试中的Section1中。
