托福口语考试信号词的分类(Transitions, Signal Words and Phrases)

托福口语阅读中7大类常见逻辑关系信号词汇总介绍托福口语阅读中7大类常见逻辑关系信号词汇总介绍托福口语阅读部分信号词一览阅读为通知，政策等表示要求的词require, decide,ask, demand, announce, be supposed to, should, be ought to etc.托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：并列,递进and, also, as well, besides, what’s more, in addition,托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：列举，增加and, in addition to, one more thing, also, plus托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：顺序first, to begin with, first of all, initially,first thing first, second, apart from that, on top of that, more than that,another factor should be taken into consideration is that, finally, last butnot least, 托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：转折but, however, nevertheless, yet, although托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：解释That is, in particular, I mean, In this way,To put it another way, In other words, That is to say, …so to speak, …let’ssay 托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：因果As a result, As a consequence, Consequently, Therefore, Due to, Thanks to, On account of, since托福口语备考之独立口语：用新建筑取代旧建筑独立话题Should old buildings be replaced by new buildings?I think the old buildings should be preserved. I have two reasons to support my opinion. Firstly, old buildings are precious property of human being. We will lose those valuable historical buildings permanently if we don't preserve them. Once ahistorical building is destroyed, we can never restore it. Secondly, old buildings are a symbol of a city and a valuable tourist resource. Think about the Forbidden City and The Summer Palace in Beijing. They are the relics of the city and carrying great historical and cultural information. Every year they attract visitors from all over the world, which generates profound tourist income.More information1. Old buildings attract people.America’s downtown revivals suggest that people like old buildings. Whether the feeling is patriotic, homey, warm, or reassuring, older architecture tends to fit the bill. Regardless of how they actually spend their lives, Americans prefer to picture themselves living around old buildings. Some eyes glaze over when preservationists talk about “historic building stock,” bu t what they really mean is a community’s inventory of old buildings ready to fulfill new uses.2. Old buildings are reminders of a city’s culture and complexity.By seeing historic buildings — whether related to something famous or recognizably dramatic —tourists and longtime residents are able to witness the aesthetic and cultural history of an area. Just as banks prefer to build stately, old-fashioned facades, even when located in commercial malls, a city needs old buildings to maintain a sense of permanency and heritage.托福口语备考之独立口语：哪个职业应该高薪Who should be paid more: a nurse, a teacher, or an officer?From my perspective, nurse should receive the highest salary among these three. First of all, nurse has a great deal of responsibility. They provide hands on care to patients, make patients feel more comfortable, and assist in many aspects ofpatient care from dispensing medicine to drawing blood to simply talking with patients. Secondly, nurses have educational requirements. Depending on the type of nurse, their schooling may involve 6-8 years of education, which means they have to spend a lot of money and efforts in finishing their school. Therefore, nurses should definitely receive a higher pay.More informationThe must-know cons of being a nurseYou will be exposed to all types of germs and viruses. If you are squeamish, nursing is probably not your best career choice. Nurses deal with blood and other bodily fluids. They are also exposed to all types of viruses and other pathogens.Some days will be overwhelming. The job can be stressful for a variety of reasons. For example, there may be times you are short staffed or get a sudden increase in new patients to treat.Patients do not always want or appreciate help. It would be great if all your patients thanked you and were polite. But that is not how it works in the real world. Some patients are easy to work with and others are not.You will see sad situations. There will be times in your nursing career where you witness sad or tragic situations. Patients do not all make it, and watching someone die can be tough.You may have to work holidays, nights and weekends. Working as a nurse is not a 9-5 job Monday through Friday. Nurses who work in hospitals and nursing homes are needed around the clock.You may have to work varied shifts including nights.。

托福口语之信号词的妙用托福口语句子之间的关系多种多样，常见的有：并列关系、因果关系、递进关系、转折关系和相互解释关系。

下面就信号词来区分托福口语中句子之间的关系，举例说明，希望可以供大家参考。

托福口语之信号词的妙用1.显示相同信息的信号词There has been an upsurge of interest inchamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boostfrom increased record sales.“likewise〞这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。

因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。

这样的信号词还包括：and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, forinstance, for e某ample2.显示思路转折的信号词I'd like to go but I'm too busy.“but〞前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。

阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。

这类信号词还有：although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet3.显示因果关系的信号词As a result of the pilots' strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots' strike.所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。

【导语】进⾏托福⼝语阅读时，我们可以根据段落中出现的⼀些信号词(Signal Words)来判断句⼦与句⼦之间的关系，掌握段落发展线索，来调整阅读速度，提⾼阅读质量。

以下是⽆忧考整理的托福⼝语中的五⼤信号词类别，欢迎阅读！1.托福⼝语中的五⼤信号词类别 1.显⽰相同信息的信号词 There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales. “likewise”这⼀信号词显⽰了前⾯所提到的idea后⾯还要再⼀次出现。

因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词⽆须放慢阅读速度。

这样的信号词还包括： and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example 2.显⽰思路转折的信号词 I’d like to go but I’m too busy. “but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显⽰了作者的思路在这⾥有了转折。

阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。

这类信号词还有： although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet 3.显⽰因果关系的信号词 As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled. All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots’ strike. 所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞⾏员们的罢⼯;飞⾏员们的罢⼯导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。

托福听力7大类关键信号词全面讲解托福听力中抓不住关键信息始终是困扰许多同学的老大难问题，而想要解决这个问题有一个比较简单粗暴的方法，今天小编给大家带来了托福听力7大类关键信号词全面讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

【备考必看】托福听力7大类关键信号词全面讲解什么是信号词?信号词是语篇衔接和连贯的重要手段，它包括逻辑联系语(logical connectives)和段落标题(paragraph headings)。

所以!掌握住听力中的信号词，就相当于把握住了听力的出题点。

下面我们以讲座类材料为例，整理总结了托福听力中的信号词。

1、主题出现在讲座开头的主题类信号词主题类信号词一般出现在讲座开头，例如● Let's...● Today, I will be talking about ...● Today，we’ll focus on/ discuss...但有些讲座的教授在点明主题之前会提及其它信息，例如：● Last time, we talked about ... tod ay, we will be discussing ...● We’ve been talking about ... Today, let’s discuss ...● Continuing ... Today, we will ...此时，today 后面的内容才是关键，不能被today前面的内容误导了。

2、定义被定义的概念是讲座的关键内容下定义也是讲座中常见的内容，被定义的概念是讲座的关键内容，需要做笔记。

此类信号词有：● What I mean is● All that mean s is● which is / that is● in other words，...● ... is referred to as...● ... is named/known/called3、举例教授借例子说明的道理更为关键比起例子中的种种细节，教授借例子说明的道理更为关键。

听力材料：四大信号词来快速锁定出题点如何能在听力的过程中就能在纷繁复杂的信息里一眼抓住出题点，成为考试取得高分必要技能。

今天环球托福老师为大家介绍四大类型的型号词，协助各位考生在听力过程中迅速把握出题点，形成对出题的预判，提升做题的准确率。

一、托福听力之来意主题信号词I ’ve come here toI ’d like to know if you couldI was wondering if you couldI ’ve been having trouble doing .Today, I want to talk aboutLet ’s concentrate onLet ’s talk aboutTo begin (start) with/ in the first place此类信号词或句式出现时通常点明了对话的目的或者讲座的主旨，对于解答第一题目的主旨题或内容主旨题非常关键。

二、托福听力之否定转折信号词But/ however/nevertheless/ although/ despite that/conversely/ after all/ even so/ even though/ in spite of/ andyet这类信号词通常出现在讲话者想要否定某一种观点或猜想，以及强调某一方观点时，转折之后的内容是重点，也是常常出现考题的地方，尤其是 but, however, even so, and yet这几个出现频率较高的转折词尤其需要引起重视。

三、托福听力之观点比较信号词But/while/however/although/on the other hand/onthe contrary/even/stillAs asBoth/likewise/similarly/in common/in the same wayMore (less) than/inferior/superior/比较级I ’d better/I’d rather/prefer/rather than这个类词出现时要十分注意比较双方的异同点，同时说话人对比较双方的态度和倾向性也是常考的地方。

信号词和分层是紧密联系的。

首先，信号词往往是连接句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的一座桥梁。

通过注意信号词，可以有助于考生进行前后文的判断。

而信号词可以分为以下几大类：第一大类是逻辑性信号词。

如最常见的原因、对比、转折、并列等。

对于原因，考生可以尤为注意because (of)， so, the reason, why, since, as, for 等类型的词或词组，考生在听到这些信号词的时候一定要注意听后面的解释，通过现象或定义看到问题的本质和根源，这才是考核的关键所在。

对于对比，考生除了注意比较级和最高级之外，还要多注意compare to，different from……， unlike……， (not) as ……as等这些间接表达对比的词或词组，有助于在不同食物中找到相同的联系点或者在相同相似的事物中找到不同点。

对于转折，however, nevertheless, yet, still, though, anyhow, even so, in any case, anyway, after all, in spite of that, by the way等则是考生应该注意的信号词。

即作者最终想要强调的点，是考官喜欢出考题的地方。

考官总喜欢一开始先出现一长段迷惑性的段落，分散考生的注意力，或者是先陈述一部分事实或者抛出一个问题，然后来一个转折性的连词，提出真正的观点。

因此这些转折词前后是考生必须要注意的地方。

对于并列，first, second, third, for a start, for one thing, for another, to begin with, next则是很好的信号词，提示了两句句子之间的平等并列关系。

第二大类是解释说明类信号词。

常见的有同义重述和举例。

同义重述，常见的信号词有that is, namely, or rather, to be more exact, to put it another way , in other words，by definition等。

Signal Words在雅思的阅读中，对信号词的抓取是我们提高阅读速度，精准把握内容的关键点，以下是对这些signal words的总结：1. 连续内容信号词语（后面会跟新的一部分内容）and also anotheragain and finally first of alla final reason furthermore in additionlast of all likewise moremoreover next one reasonother secondly similarlytoo with2. 意义改变信号词(标示转折会意义发生偏转)although but converselydespite different from even thoughhowever in contrast instead ofin spite of nevertheless otherwisethe opposite on the contrary on the other hand rather still yetwhile though3. 顺序信号词(表明顺序)first, second, third A, B, Cin the first place for one thingthen nextbefore nowafter whileinto (far into the night) untillast duringsince alwayso’clock on timelater earlier4. 时间信号词（回答关于时间的问题）when immediately nowlately already little by littleat the same time final after awhile once during5. 举例信号词for example specificallyfor instance to illustratesuch as much likein the same way as similar to6. 强调信号词a major development it all boils down to a significant factor most of alla primary concern most noteworthya key feature more than anything elsea major event of coursea vital force pay particular attention to a central issue remember thata distinctive quality should be noted above all the most substantial issueby the way the main valueespecially important the basic concept especially relevant the crux of the matter especially valuable the chief outcome important to note the principle item7. 原因，条件和结果信号词because if offor from sowhile then butthat until sinceas whether in order thatso that therefore unlessyet thus due toresulting from consequently without 8. 方位信号词（回答关于地点的问题）between below about left alongside here outside around close to farright over away side nearnear in into besidemiddle next to beyond northeast on opposite oversouth there inside in front ofunder these out behindacross this adjacent abovetoward west by upon9. 对比和比较信号词and or alsotoo best mosteither less less thanmore than same bettereven then halfmuch as like analogous tobut different from stillyet however althoughopposite rather whilethough10. 结论信号词as a result consequently finallyfrom this we see in conclusion in summary hence last of all therefore11. 模糊信号词（标示意义是不确定的）almost if looks likemaybe could someexcept should allegednearly might reputedseems like was reported purported sort of probably12. 非语言性信号词! 感叹号下划线斜体字粗体字副标题缩进段落插图编号(1, 2, 3)非常简短的句子引号————————————————————————文章出自北外网课：。

雅思听力中常见的信号词有哪三类？第一种是语片语段中的信号词在语言的使用中，我们发现在意义上相互联系的词会同事出现同一语篇中，这些词语属于同一个词汇套，形成了Lexical Chain,因而，当人们遇到其中一个便能够很快会联想这个词汇链中的其它词汇，例如，我们听到post office,我们就能够联想到send, stamp, package.所以当一个词汇链的词语出现在一个语篇或者语段中，这些词语就能衔接句子，起到连句成篇的作用。

这也就是为什么我们在雅思听力备考前我们一定要准备相关的场景词汇，每一个场景中的相关词汇就是一个巨大的词汇链，有了这样强大的词汇链做基础，你就迈出雅思听力的第一步第二种是听力原文中的逻辑信号词我们无论是说话还是写作，都会有一定的篇章逻辑，而这些逻辑是需要相关的逻辑词汇实行连接。

在雅思听力考试中，它出题的思路也是按照说话者的逻辑顺序来的，也就是说，准确答案总是喜欢出现在某些逻辑词汇之后，所以掌握这些逻辑词汇，在我们听到它们的时候，就能够很快的搜索到我们要的答案。

这类词汇不但对听力很有协助，对于写作来说也是大有裨益的。

把这些词汇分为六大块1 表示列举，增补关系的信号词这类的信号词出现的时候，就说明下文出现的内容和前文是同类事物，或者对前文的补充说明，而不会是新的或者相反的信息。

and in addition to one more thing what’s more besideseither also too as well as for instance for examplefurthermore such as like likewise similarly moreover together。

2 表示转折或者对比关系这个类的词汇在雅思听力中是黄金出题点，任何一套试卷中，这个类词汇是100%要有考点出现的，而且还很多，所以大家一定要仔细掌握这个类词汇。

当你在听力中听到这个类词汇的时候，必须集中注意力，说话者是在提醒你相面将要提供的信息是新的或者相反的有改变的信息。

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福听力笔记中必须抓住的八类信号词摘要：在托福听力中，记笔记是十分重要的一个步骤。

那么我们应该在什么时候记笔记，在哪里记笔记呢？接下来给大家介绍一些托福听力笔记信号词，大家在听到这些信号词时就要开始准备拿起手中的笔，记下信号词后的内容了！笔记信号词1.时间点：previously，initially，now，presently，then，subsequently，next，finally，ultimately，immediately2.举例：for example，for instance，such as，in this/thuscase，in this situation，on this occasion，take the case of , to demonstrate, to illustrate3.例举：first，second，third，last/finally3.One，another，like,likewise, both, similarly, at the same time, in comparison4.补充说明：And, as well as,also, too, in addition, further, furthermore, in other words, namely, I mean5.比较：On the other hand,in contrast, on the contrary, but, however, yet, nevertheless, instead, rather,whereas6.强调：Definitely,extremely, especially, obviously, absolutely, positively, surprisingly,emphatically7. 因果：Because, since，For thisreason, hence, resulting, as a result, so, then, thus, therefore, consequently8.总结：In short, inbrief, in the end, in summary, in conclusion, to conclude, to reiterate, to sumup, finally, therefore, as already stated下面我们以TPO21中的lecture作为例子看一下其中的信号词。

8类托福听力信号词，你掌握了吗？英语考试的听说读写，大概听力是让人觉得最猝不及防的吧。

尤其是托福考试的时候，明明可以听得懂，但是做题的时候呢就懵逼了…这个时候呢，信号词就显得尤为重要啦！信号词不仅能帮你把握语篇结构，而且信号词的后面往往会跟着考点呀~~所以，今天小编为大家整理了#8类托福听力信号词#童鞋们一定要对这些词保持高度的敏感性，这样才能在考场上一击即中，拿下考试哦~因果关系as a resultthereforesinceforfor this reasonsobecauseconsequently asthus序列关系firstbeforefirst of allon the right/left nextto begin with turn right/left afterward meanwhile secondlast but not least for a startthirdfinallyuntilbetweenfirstly subsequently then secondly previouslyin the middle for one thing for another afterin the first place 表示结论as a result altogether finallyin short therefore overallin sumthuson the wholein brief accordinglyto concludein a word consequentlyto sum upin conclusionsoto summarize表示列举andin addition to that one more thing what’s more besidestooas well asfor instanceboth and togetherfor example further more such asin addition likewiselikesimilarly moreover转折关系althoughby contractas a matter of fact neverthelessin contrast instead howeverwhile otherwise thoughbutdespiteon the contrary on the other hand in the same way in spite ofyetwhereas表示强调that isin particularI meannamely especially actuallyin other wordsthat is to sayspeciallyanother way of sayingequally表示定义defineis defined asknown asthat isthe term meanswe meanwe can state其他And now (we will) …Most importantly…Now tell me….One more things before I move on to…to start with…Next, I’d like to…finally, can you tell us…And what about…well, that’s about it except for…Right, so the first thing…I’d like not to move on to…。

托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词汇总一览托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词汇总一览托福听力讲座开头部分信号词一览说话者表达主旨或谈话的目的的语句往往出现在开头的几句话，是把握全局的重点。

信号词：(专家建议考生，每天要把所有的信号词读个几遍，强迫自己听到这个词马上反应过来这里有考点)Today, we’ll focus on/constrated/discuss…Today, our topic is…Let’s…特殊情况(也经常出现)：开头会将讲一些上次课讲的东西，作为复习，之后才是主旨，我们把这种情况称为：Miss start注意：出现Miss Start，上次课讲的东西一定要听，在这部分很可能出细节题Miss Start 信号词：Before we get started, let’s review what we’ve learned last class…Let’s pick up where we left off last week, OK, as you recall(记得)…Before we begin our discussion on…(此处为本次主题)，Let’s review what we know about…(此处为上次主题)间接开头：In your text book, the author says that… (主题出现)，I thought we all to/should take sometime to talk about it. (不一定完全一样，但是类型差不多)托福听力讲座结尾部分信号词汇总托福听力的结尾部分往往出现一些总结性信息以及其他一些涉及考点的内容，应充分重视。

信号词：To some upTo conclude/in conclusionIn summary/to summarizeFinallyThereforeFrom this, we can see that…2020托福听力练习：蜜蜂通过味道给花粉排名Walk through Times Square—you're bombarded with advertising. And it turns out, a bumblebee might have a similar feeling, buzzing through a field of flowers. "So these flowers are these billboards, they're advertising a good, this delicious nectar reward, and bees are very picky shoppers." Anne Leonard, a pollination biologist at the University of Nevada, Reno.She describes a flower field as a sort of pollination marketplace. And one way bees choose where to visit?"Bees are nectar experts. They are really good at assessing even really small differences in the sugar concentration of nectar." They also scope out the shape and size of the flowers, and their color and scent. And now Leonard and her colleagues have discovered that bumblebees are pollen aficionados, too.They found that out by lacing batches of cherry pollen with either table sugar or bitter quinine. And to display the pollen to bees, "We got really into it—we started 3-D printing flowers in our lab." And for the anther—the male flower part, which presents the pollen—pipe cleaners. "So we bought out Michael's craft store supplies of these pipe cleaners and used them in our experiments."Turns out bees would return again and again to the same color flower that dispensed sweet pollen, and spend more time collecting there. But when confronted with the bitter pollen? They sought a different colored flower for their very next stop. All of which suggests that, in addition to savoring nectar, bees taste pollen too—and judge flowers by it. The results are in the journal Biology Letters.The finding means that plants have to find a happy medium: "So can you make your pollen attractive enough that the bees will collect it, but distasteful enough that they won't collect too much of it?" And that balancing act, of carefully calibrated chemistry—it's just one of the many transactions that plays out inthe buzzing pollination marketplace. Where the object is to make a sweet profit.走过纽约时代广场，你会被广告不断侵扰。