语法复习2:非谓语动词(二)
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语法复习:非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
非谓语动词是动词用法中最复杂的部分之一,解答非谓语动词的题目时要注意以下几点:(1)解析句子结构,确定设空在句子中充当的成分。
(2)找到非谓语动词的逻辑主语,确定该非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系(主动还是被动)(3)搜索句子的相关信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
十年高考考点分布:1. 现在分词31%2. 不定式29%3. 过去分词23%4. 动名词15%5. 独立主格2%命题趋势:非谓语动词是历年高考的重点和难点,重点考查非谓语动词的基本形式,以及在具体语境中的恰当使用。
考点一:非谓语动词的语法功能考点二:非谓语动词的变化形式考点三:非谓语动词的结构考点四:非谓语动词的用法区别考点一:非谓语动词的语法功能非谓语动词的语法功能表1.动词不定式的语法功能(1)作主语To see is to believe.(2)作表语His ambition is to become an actor.(3)作宾语下列词语常不定式作宾语:afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。
(4)作宾补常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况:①常见的接不定式作宾补的动词有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, press, remind, request, teach, tell, urge, want, warn等②有些感官动词和使役动词如see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等接不定式做宾补,通常不带to.(口诀:四看:see, watch, notice, observe, 三使役let, have, make, 二听 hear, listen to, 一感觉 feel)③ help 后面的不定式作宾语补足语可以带to, 也可以不带to.(5)作定语不定式作定语放在所修饰词的后面,表示将来的动作。
专题二 非谓语动词考点1 非谓语动词作状语1.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2015·重庆,11)A.used B.having usedC.using D.use2.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,________ whether to stay or leave.(2015·湖南,30)A.wondering B.wonderC.to wonder D.wondered3.________in painting,John didn’t notice evening approaching.(2015·天津,5)A.To absorb B.To be absorbedC.Absorbed D.Absorbing4.________ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015·天津,8)A.To work B.WorkedC.To be working D.Having worked5.________ more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2015·福建,28)A.Learn B.LearnedC.To learn D.To be learning6.Time,________ correctly,is money in the bank.(2012·湖南,23) A.to use B.usedC.using D.use考点归纳1.分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式、目的、评论性状语等;现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动;分词的完成时表示动作先于谓语动词发生。
非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped. 据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
英语语法复习:非谓语动词每年英语高考测试中,词汇考查总会占一定的比例,而动词更是重点考查词类,尤其是非谓语动词,已成为历年来全国卷和各地考卷中的高频考点,无论是单选题还是阅读题、作文题或是短文改错题,都会涉及到非谓语动词的考点。
不管题目怎样变化,但其考点总是不变的(只是重复地出现)。
所以,掌握并运用好考点知识则会起着事倍功半的作用。
本篇主要围绕非谓语动词在单选题中出现的考点作一剖析,以期帮助广大考生熟练地掌握和运用之。
在高考英语测试中有关非谓语动词的考点主要有以下几项:考点一:从时态和语态考查非谓语动词的用法英语高考试题中从时态和语态来考查非谓语动词的题目是比较多的,其中有单独考查非谓语动词时态的,有单独考查其语态的,而多数题是从时态和语态两方面来综合考查的。
例1、 _____the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (广东2004第26题)A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having notcompleted【解析】选C。
句意为―因为还没有完成这个节目制作,所以他们还必须在那再呆上两周‖。
根据句意可知空格处所填的非谓语动词与其逻辑主语they存在着主动关系,所以非谓语动词需用主动语态(即现在分词形式),在时态上应用完成时态。
另外现在分词的否定形式则为―not+现在分词‖构成,所以答案为C项了。
例2、The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. being producedC. to be producedD. having been produced例3、―Things _________ never come again!‖I couldn‘t help talking to myself.A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. have lost【解析】选A。
语法考点实战篇(2/10):非谓语动词考查【概念与原理】语法书里,非谓语动词分得很细:现在分词、过去分词、动名词、不定式,又有什么被动式、完成式……看起来很复杂,其实简单地说:所谓非谓语动词,就是把对从句的简化!(见《三分钟语法课22~26》)原则上,从句的核心三要素是:连词+主语+谓语(LSV)。
所谓简化,就是省略连词和主语(LS),只留下“谓语动词(V)”——这时,该动词就成了“非谓语”,因为它作为谓语已经不完整了——没有助动词、没有主谓一致等等。
简化的过程,有这么几种具体情况:1、从句谓语部分原本有个系动词的,去掉连词、主语和系动词,剩下什么就是什么。
We went to the village (which / that) was recommended by Lucy.We went to the village recommended by Lucy.My sister is studying honours physics, since she is determined to become an astronaut.My sister is studying honours physics, determined to become an astronaut.While he was lying on the couch, the boy fell asleep.Lying on the couch, the boy fell asleep.Although he was a doctor by training, Asimov became a writer.Being a doctor by training, Asimov became a writer.2、从句谓语部分原本没有系动词的,简化为-ing分词;。
I like the woman who lives next door.I like the woman living next door.Since I did n’t have enough money to go on vacation, I stayed home.Not having enough money to go on vacation, I stayed at home.3、如果从句的谓语中有情态动词,就用to-不定式。
非谓语动词检测卷〔2〕〔时间50分钟;总分为100分〕班级_________________姓名_____________考号_________________得分_______________________I 语言知识与应用 (共两节,总分为45分)第一节完形填空 (共20小题;每一小题2分,总分为30分) After 21 years of marriage, my wife wanted me to take another woman out to dinner and a movie. That Friday after work, I drove over to pick her up.We went to a restaurant that, although not 1 , was very nice and cozy. My mother took my arm2 she were the First Lady. During the dinner, we had an agreeable conversation – nothing3 but catching up on recent4 of each other’s life. We talked so much that we missed the5 . As we arrived at her house later, she said, “I’ll go out with you again, but onlyif you let me 6 you.〞 I agreed.“How was your 7 ?〞 asked m y wife when I got home. “Very nice. Far 8 my wildest imagination〞 I answered.A few days later, my mother died of a heart attack. It happened so 9 that I didn’t havea chance to do anything for her. Some time 10 , I received an envelope with a copy of a restaurant11 from the same place where mother and I had dined. An 12 note said: “I paid this bill13 . I wasn’t sure that I 14be there; but I still paid for two plates – one for you and the other for your 15 .You will never know what that night 16 for me. I love you, son.〞At that moment, I 17 the importance of saying in time: “I LOVE YOU〞 and to give time to our family.18 in life is more important than your family. Give them the time they 19 , because these things cannot be 20 till “some other time.〞语篇解读:本文通过讲述作者和母亲去吃饭的一次经历,和母亲的突然离世来告诉人们要多花些时间和亲人在一起,这比什么都重要。
高中英语非谓语动词轻松记学习非谓语动词时,动词后接不定式、-ing还是过去分词作宾语或宾补的情况比较复杂,通过下列新颖独特的方法归纳,可以把枯燥乏味的语法知识变得妙趣横生,让同学们在笑声中,思考中轻松愉快地掌握它们,并且印象深,记得牢。
一、将动词的第一个字母提出来组成一个生词。
1、只接不定式作宾语的动词有:“ Merdowphal”(音译:“磨豆腐喽!”),其中:m- manage; e-expect; r- refuse; d- dare, decide; demand, determine; o-offer, order ;w- want, wish; p-promise, pretend, plan; h-hope; a-agree, arrange; l-long, learn.2、只接动名词作宾语的有:“Mepsckgarfid”(音译:“妹不吃咖啡的”),其中:m-mind, miss, mention; e-escape, enjoy, excuse; p- practise, prevent, put off; s- save, suggest; c- can’t stand; k-keep (on); g- give up; a- admit, advise, avoid, appreciate; r- recall, risk, resist; f-finish, forgive, fancy, feel like; i-imagine, include, insist on ; d- delay, deny, dislike.二、根据词义将动词编成一句话。
1、既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语但含义不同的动词有:“尽力记住却忘了真是遗憾,情不自禁停下来打算再继续(try, remember, forget, regret, can’t help, stop, mean, go on)。
2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析19 非谓语动词(二)考点二非谓语动词作宾语5. 用动名词的一些结构(这些结构中动名词一般作宾语)只能用动名词的结构有:be busy/through/worth, be used/accustomed to (习惯于…), look forward to, get down to, turn to, feel like, give up, can’t help, what/how about, devote…to, prefer…to…, have di fficulty/trouble/problem/fun/a good/hard time, There is no use/need/good, It’s no use, when it comes to等。
1.I didn't mean _________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it. (2018天津)A.to eat;to tryB. eating;tryingC. eating;to tryD. to eat;trying【答案】D【解析】mean后接动名词表示“意味着”,后接不定式表示“意图,打算”;can’t help doing表示“情不自禁想做”,由句意“我本没打算吃东西,但冰激凌看上去这么诱人,我就情不自禁地想尝一尝。
” 可知选D。
2. When it comes to ________ in public, no one can match him. (2014江西)A. speakB. speakingC. being spokenD. be spoken【答案】B【解析】when it comes to doing表示“说到做……”;speak表示“说”时是不及物动词,故用主动式。
非谓语动词知识要点:一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能(一)概述:在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2)都可以被状语修饰:The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。
例如:He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)4)都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)We being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语)2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
2011-2012学年高一下学期英语复习题(第15周)编写老师:Tom姓名:______________ 成绩:_______________非谓语动词(二)——动词-ing形式(二)-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。
-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
1、-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。
及物动词的-ing有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。
现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下:动词语态形式及物动词make 不及物动词go 主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式making being made going完成式having made having been made having gone2、-ing形式的基本用法。
(1)作主语:Seeing is believing.★Swimming is good for health.★___________ (raise) your hat to a lady is good manners .★____________ (kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing .(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.☆Teaching is learning.☆My hobby is __________ (make) model planes.☆What worried the child most was _________ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .注意:1). 动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
第二部分语法知识贯通专题二非谓语动词题组1 限时模拟A单句填空1.[2021某某某某一诊,67]BeiDou Navigation Satellite System adopts a unique two-way munication system, including its ability (receive) messages sent by people from areas with poor signals.2.[2021某某八校联考,28](release) on September 25,2020, Leap, which focuses on the story of Chinese Women Volleyball Team, soon became a great hit.3.[2021某某江淮十校二测,42]Though he studied for the civil service exam to bee a civil servant like his father, Du Fu failed (pass) and spent many years traveling.4.[2021某某某某质量监测,63]The people born in the 1980s or 1990s believe that(save) food is a virtue.5.[2021某某某某部分学校第一次考试,64]Plum rains, often (occur)during June and July, refer to the long period of continuous rainy or cloudy weather.6.[2021某某名校联考,61 & 62]Ant Forest(found) by Ant Financial Services Group has received a 2019 Champions of the Earth award, the UN’s highest environmental honor. Ant Forest improves greener lifestyles by inspiring users (reduce) carbon emissions in their daily lives and better protect the environment.7.[2021某某百校联考,67 & 68]You may have noticed how busy tree squirrels are in fall, (search) for every last seed and nut that can be found and stocking their tree homes with enough food (get) them through winter.8.[2021某某某某摸底考试,70]I also look forward to (open) chances to expose the people of my country to Chinese culture.9.[2021某某某某质量监测,64]Young people also give their opinions on how(help)reduce food waste.10.[2021某某百校联盟第一次模拟,61]A 56-year-old enthusiastic backyard birdwatcher named Stuart Dahlquist spent years (leave) out food for a family of crows.11.[2021某某某某中学期中,80]Busily (employ) in cleaning his shoes, he didn’t notice my ing.12.[2021某某四市名校联考,36]A massive wildfire forces thousands of people (flee) their homes.13.[2021某某六校协作体联考,60]The plants are irrigated by (use) a simple drip system(滴灌系统).14.[2020某某六校联考,62]The tea from China is in great abundance. (tell) if a pot of tea is nice you can mainly rely on the color, smell, taste and form.15.[2020某某某某期中,64]People with a healthy lifestyle and good genetic inheritance(遗传特征)tend(score)"younger" on these assessments.16.[2020某某某某一诊,61]Li Na became the first Asian-born player (head) to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2019.17.[2020某某某某、某某两市教学质量测评,43]They are as important as a birthday cake with its candles (light) in western countries.18.[2020某某某某铁人中学期中,14]The careless driver is (blame) for the traffic accident that happened yesterday.B单句改错19.[2021豫湘名校联考]I think attend extra classes during the weekends will make me to rely on them.20.[2021某某名校第二次联考]After get home,I talked to my parents about my idea.21.[2021某某省某某市一调]I have a good mand of English and I’m confident in giving players guidance and help as requiring.22.[2021某某八校联考]I appreciate the beauty hiding in literature.23.[2021某某四校适应性测试]Tea has a long history in China, dated back to 5, 000 years ago.24.[2021某某某某一模]Only by making good preparations for exams can we avoid suffer from the pressure.25.[2021某某某某一中考试]People will surely take it for granted that they have the duty prevent any killing of wild animals.26.[2021四省八校开学考]Some students play mobile phones or sleep in class, waste large quantities of precious time.27.[2021某某某某期中]I’m glad to hear that you are considering make up with Peter.28.[2020某某五校协作体联考]From then on,we managed to spare half an hour every day to reading books,however busy we were.29.[2020某某某某摸底考试]JourneytotheWest is a fantastic story setting in the Tang dynasty.30.[2020某某示X高中名校联考]I often help making tea and drink together with him. 题组2 精选真题A单句填空1.[2020全国П,65]They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.2.[2020全国Ш,69]And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.3.[2020某某,63]Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.4.[2020,5]It takes them hundreds of years(break) down.5.[2020某某,4] (help)us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.6.[2020某某,31]Technological innovations, (bine)with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.7.[2020某某1月,57]The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30 —today it is 41 and is expected(increase) to 42 by 2050.8.[2019全国Ι,64]Modern methods...are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.9.[2019全国П,65]…she had no plans(retire) from her 36-year-old business.10.[2019全国П,68]When we got a call (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.11.[2019全国Ш,62]On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take (get) there.12.[2019某某,10]Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially (design)to help them succeed academically and personally.13.[2019某某,32]China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.14.[2018全国Ш,64 & 65]I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel(challenge).15.[2018全国П,70]China’s approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide," says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.16.[2018某某11月,62]Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem (call) caffeinism.17.[2018全国Ι,62]You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.18.[2018,10]Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.19.[2018某某,26]Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed)the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.20.[2018全国Ш,70]Once his message was delivered, he allowed me(stay) and watch.21.[2018某某,7]I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph(take).22.[2018,3] (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.23.[2018某某,59]I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years…24.[2017乙卷(全国Ι),63]Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required (process) the food that we eat...25.[2017丙卷(全国Ш),61]But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest).26.[2017,27]Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.27.[2017,30]The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (range) from butterflies to elephants.28.[2017某某,10]I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch).29.[2017丙卷(全国Ш),65]But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.30.[2016某某,64]For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something (eat)!31.[2016丙卷(全国Ш),64]People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.32.[2016丙卷(全国Ш),63]Skilled workers also bine various hardwoods and metal(create)special designs.33.[2016某某,4]The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, (make)air conditioning unnecessary.34.[2016乙卷(全国Ι),67]My ambassadorial duties will include(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.B单句改错35.[2020全国Ш改错]I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may bee ill.36.[2019全国Ш改错]If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.37.[2019全国Ш改错]Now my dream is to opens a cafe.38.[2018全国Ш改错]Everyone was silent, wait to see who would...39.[2018全国П改错]As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many timesI asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.40.[2016甲卷(全国П)改错]We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.41.[2016丙卷(全国Ш)改错]I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.A专项语篇型填空(非谓语动词)Standing at the window of an expensive shop was a young woman 1 (dress)in blue jeans. She went in and asked 2 (see) a dress in the window. The assistant 3 (serve) her did not like the way she dressed and told her the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily. 4 (decide) to punish the assistant, the woman returned to the shop the following morning. Finding the rudeassistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, he was eager5 (serve)her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window6 (get) the dress. Seeing this, the woman said that she didn’t like it. She made the assistant7 (bring) almost everything in the window before finally8 (buy) the dress she had asked for at first. She was very pleased with what she had done.9 (recognize)the woman by now, the assistant didn’t feel angry. Instead, he felt sorry for what he had done the day before, 10 (apologize) to her for what he had done. The woman forgave him and later became a regular customer of the shop.B语法填空[2021某某部分重点中学综合测试]Kang Yu, a 24-year-old volunteer teacher in a remote town in the mountains of Yunnan province, was teaching calligraphy to the eighth graders when all of 1 sudden, the clouds seemed to burst and the electricity went out. 2 (see) that the students were staring at the rain, Kang 3 (immediate) got a burst of inspiration.She told them to go outside, under a shelter, to enjoy the rain and e back to write something like a poem. Much __4 her surprise, the works written by the students were far beyond her expectations!Inspired by that class, Kang founded the non-profit organization, Enlighten Our Future, to help Chinese youngsters improve their mental well-being and their exam grades through poetry position and 5 (appreciate). She managed to persuade 13 schools 6 (adopt) the "Four-Season Poetry Lessons" project, with a teaching plan,content and methods she provided. So far, the poetry lessons 7 (design) by the organization have helped 68,000 students in 823 primary and middle schools, mostly in poor areas. Now Enlighten Our Future 8 (run) by three full-time workers, including Kang, 60 part-time workers, 280 backups and more than 1,000 volunteers.What’s great about poetry is that it can help one to find an 9 (effect) way to municate with oneself, she says. "What they need is not sympathy, but recognition, 10 I think will influence their whole life."C短文改错[2021某某某某质量检测]In order to celebrated National Day and the Mid-Autumn Festival,and we had an 8-day holiday.After it,my classmates and I were talking about how to do during the holiday excitedly.Then we decided to go to help the farmers instead of stay at home.As soon as we arrived at farm,we were attracted by the apples hanging on the branches.We couldn’t wait to pick the apples,which were the most interesting work.Particular,we were allowed to choose what we liked best and taste them.We didn’t feel boring at all even though the job was tiring.We worked for 5 hours happily unless the sun set.答案专题二非谓语动词题组1 限时模拟A单句填空1.to receive 此处考查固定用法ability to do sth."做某事的能力"。
高考英语语法复习十三:非谓语动词(二)动词ing形式(二)-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。
-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
1、-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。
及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。
现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing动词语态形式及物动词make 不及物动词go 主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式making being made going完成式having made having been made having gone2、-ing形式的基本用法。
(1)作主语:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Talking is easier than doing. –ing 作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。
如:It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.;②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.;③ do+限定词(my, some, any, the 等)+ -ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语:Her sister is good at learning physics.;⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语:This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?(4)作定语:The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing 的逻辑主语。
2021年高考英语语法复习非谓语动词考点一非谓语动词作定语1.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语常表示该动作尚未发生,即动词不定式具备将来含义。
He has a lot of work to do.他有很多工作要做。
He has something good enough to read.他有很好的读物。
动词不定式既可用主动式也可用被动式,但其含义有所不同。
试比较:Do you have anything to send? (动作的执行者是“你”)Do you have anything to be sent?(动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)。
2.动词-ing形式作定语当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主动关系或用来表示被修饰词的用途时,用动词-ing形式。
Three days later I received a letter offering me the job.三天后,我收到了一封给我提供这份工作的信。
This is a reading room.这是一个阅览室。
3.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,被修饰的名词与分词在逻辑上通常是被动关系。
过去分词作定语也可表示完成。
Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 清华大学建立于1911年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。
This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.这是一本由一位著名的中国作家写的书。
考点二非谓语动词作状语1.动词不定式作状语,表示目的、原因、结果等。
She came here to work.她来这儿是为了工作。
I’m glad to hear the news.听到这个消息我非常高兴。
He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头结果砸了自己的脚。
语法复习:非谓语动词(二)——动词-ing形式(二)-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。
-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
1、-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。
及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。
现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种2、-ing形式的基本用法。
(1)作主语:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。
如:It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.;②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.;③do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+ -ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语:Her sister is good at learning physics.;⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语:This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?(4)作定语:The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。
另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.(5)作宾语补足语:We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
(6)作状语:①时间状语:S eeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother.分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语:Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方式或伴随状语:Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。
主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。
句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。
被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。
它一般在句中作定语或状语用。
如:The truck being repaired there is ours.5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。
被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。
如:Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.6、-ing形式的复合结构。
在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。
其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。
这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如:She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。
一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。
表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。
-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。
如:The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。
(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。
I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。
10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。
-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.练习、非谓语动词(二)1. Alien said that his trip was _______.A. interestedB. interestC. interestingD. of interest2. We can't understand ______ a decision until it is too late.A. him to postpone to makeB. his postponing to makeC. him to postpone makingD. his postponing making3. I couldn't understand ______ at the poor child.A. you to laughB. you laughC. why laughD. you laughing4. It's no use______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall.A. arguing, argueB. to argue, arguingC. arguing, arguingD. to argue, argue5. It is no good ______ today's work for tomorrow.A. to leaveB. leavingC. that you leaveD. leave6. The old man's ______ pity on the snake led to his own death.A. takeB. takingC. being takenD. have7. It's very kind ______ you ______ say so.A. of, toB. for, toC. to, toD. of, /8. Some people's greatest pleasure is ______ .A. fishingB. to fishC. to be fishD. being fishing9. Remember ______ the book, when you have finished it.A. putting backB. having put backC. to put backD. will put back10. You didn't hear us come back last night. That's good. We tried ______ noisy.A. to not beB. not to beC. being notD. not being11. Though he failed, he tried _______ it again and again.A. to doB. doingC. doD. done.12. You'll regret ______ those words. You may hurt her feelings.A. sayB. to sayC. having saidD. to have said13. You can keep the book until you ______ .A. have finished readingB. finish to readC. will finish readingD. have finished to read14. We are looking forward to ______ another chance ______ it again.A. be given, to tryB. give, to try .C. giving, tryingD. having, to try15. Most of the students enjoy_____ stamps.A. collectB. to collectC. collectingD. collected16. Excuse me for _____ in without ______.A. coming, askingB. coming, being askedC. to come, askingD. to come, being asked17. People couldn't help ______ the foolish girl.A. laugh atB. to laugh atC. laughing atD. laughing :18. "What do you think of the book?" "Oh. excellent, it's worth _______ a second time."A. to readB. to be readC. readingD. being read19. "I usually go there by train." "Why not ______ by boat for a change?"A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going20. I was too excited ______ .A. speakB. to speakC. not to speakD. speaking21. Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented22. It is no use _____to come now. He is busy.A. ask himB. to ask himC. that you ask himD. asking him23. The murder was brought in, with his hands _______ behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied24. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ____ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC. never drivingD. never drive.25. The computer centre, ______ last year is very popular among the students in this school.A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened.26. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?A. layB. lainC. layingD. lying27. Most of the artists ______ to the party 'were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited28. English is a language ______ in many countries.A. spokenB. speakingC. be spokenD. to speak29. "Can you read?" Mary said to the notice.A. angrily, pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily, pointedD. and angrily pointing30. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of Tight.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed31. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given32. _____their students, the famous teacher came into the hall.A. FollowedB. Followed byC. Being followedD. Having been followed33. Your flat needs _____ . Would you like me it for you?A. to clean, to doB. cleaning, doingC. cleaning, to doD. to be cleaned, doing34. Does your new secretary ____ short hand?A. know to takeB. know how to takeC. know how takeD. know how taking35. Tommy had his big brother _____ his shoes for him.A. to tieB. tieC. tiedD. tying36. Would you please ______ write on the textbooks?A. don'tB. not toC. notD. to not37. I'd ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.A. rather not haveB. rather not to haveC. not rather hadD. rather not having38. Your mother and I are looking forward________ you.A. of seeingB. for seeingC. to seeD. to seeing39. The girl couldn't_____ how red his face was.A. help to noticeB. be helping to noticeC. be helping noticingD. help noticing40. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______.A. takingB. to takeC. takeD. taken。