09 10学年第一学期硕士研究生学位公共英语课 - 华东

华东师范大学研究生公共英语学位课程学习要求研究生公共英语课程是研究生必修的学位公共课程，按《非英语专业硕士生英语（一外）教学大纲》和沪学位办（96）33号文《关于加强研究生外语应用能力培养的通知》精神，特制定本学习要求。

一、硕士研究生修读要求1．学术学位硕士研究生公共英语学位课程教学的目的是培养学生具有较熟练的阅读能力，一定的写译、听说能力，能够以英语为工具进行本专业的学习和研究。

2．公共英语学位课程教学安排在第一学年内完成，学术学位研究生公共英语以“研究生通用学术英语”和“高级英语语言技能”系列为主，要求修满规定的4学分课程。

研究生每学期根据所属校区开设的课程选修一门课程，两个学期不能选修课程名称相同的课程。

3．学术学位硕士研究生公共英语学位课程成绩以百分制计，学生完成课程选课、修读、考试，课程总评成绩合格者可获规定学分。

总评成绩不及格且达到40分及以上者可补考，总评成绩为40分（不含40分）以下者需重修。

补考不合格者需重修。

4．专业学位研究生的公共英语课程由学校或学院统一安排（其中，教育硕士（免费师范生）研究生的课程由教育专业学位管理中心通过远程开设），具体参见本专业培养方案的要求，课程学习时间与学习方式相关联。

学校统一开设的公共英语课为2学分，一般在第一学年内（任一学期）安排，研究生不需要选课，由学校委托大学英语教学部依托项目，结合专业学位类别/领域，开展教学，课时为36课时。

5．学校对2018级非英语类专业的研究生进行英语水平认证，达到以下条件之一者，学术型研究生可申请免修第二学期的公共英语课程，专业学位研究生可申请免修公共英语课程，但不免考，需要跟着同专业研究生参与相关教学班级的考核，公共英语课程成绩以考核成绩记载：（1）最近两年内从全日制高校英语专业本科毕业的；（2）最近两年内在全日制高校担任英语专业或大学英语教师的；（3）最近两年内参加雅思考试，雅思成绩（平均分）7.5及以上；或托福考试，托福成绩在100及以上的；符合上述条件之一者，可在第一学期期末，向所在培养单位研究生工作秘书提出申请，并提供相关证书（其中上述第2条应由曾任教的高校出具证明），经所在培养单位及研究生院培养办公室审核通过后，可以免修第二学期的公共英语课程。

华东师范大学
2009年攻读硕士研究生入学试题
壹语言学理论部分（共40分）
一、判断以下说法的正误，正确的请打√，错误的请打×。

（每题1分，共10分）
四、操作题（共20分）
九、舉例說明賓語前置句的句型。

（5分）
十、寫出仄起、首句不入韻的五言律詩的平仄格式。

（8分）
十一、標點、翻譯下麵的短文。

（5分）
莊子將死弟子欲厚葬之莊子曰吾以天地為棺槨以日月為連璧星辰為珠璣萬物為齎送吾葬具豈不備邪何以加此弟子曰吾恐鳥鳶之食吾子也莊子曰在上為鳥鳶食之在下為螻蟻食奪與此何其偏也。

2009—2010学年第一学期硕士生公共课表(2009级校本部)备注：1、硕士生第一外国语为俄语者，请尽快到研究生院培养科登记；具体上课时间和地点安排请与外国语学院研究生秘书阿利亚老师联系（电话8582938），总学时为144，第一学年第一、第二学期开设。

2、硕士生英语各学院分班具体名单见附件。

附件本部2009级硕士研究生英语分班名单英语1班（46人）：人文学院：民俗学11人，民族学11人，文艺学10人，中国现当代文学11人，历史文献学3人英语2班（46人）：人文学院：中国少数民族语言文学46人英语3班（46人）：人文学院：中国少数民族语言文学41人，中国近现代史5人英语4班（46人）：人文学院：语言学及应用语言学34人，专门史8人，中国近现代史4人英语5班（46人）：新闻学院：新闻学32人，数学学院：基础数学7人，计算数学7人英语6班（45人）：数学学院：概率论与数理统计15人，应用数学21人，运筹学与控制论9人英语7班（42人）：经济与管理学院：政治经济学17人，人口资源与环境经济学14人，劳动经济学6人，技术经济及管理5人英语8班（46人）：经济与管理学院：企业管理27人，政治与公共管理学院：马克思主义哲学10人，科学技术哲学4人，科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动5人英语9班（46人）：政治与公共管理学院：国际政治22人，马克思主义民族理论与政策10人，马克思主义理论14人英语10班（45人）：政治与公共管理学院：行政管理37人外国语学院：俄语语言文学8人英语11班（37人）：信息科学与工程学院：通信与信息系统14人，信号与信息处理23人英语12班（45人）：信息科学与工程学院：计算机软件与理论10人，计算机应用技术23人旅游学院：旅游管理12人英语13班（42人）：法学院：法律硕士（法学）42人英语14班（43人）：法学院：法律硕士（法学）10人，法律硕士33人英语15班（38人）：法学院：法学理论6人，民商法学10人，国际法学18人艺术设计学院：纺织工程4人英语16班（42人）：物理学院：42人英语17班（44人）：生科院：生物学44人英语18班（43人）：生科院：生物学34人，食品科学9人英语19班（40人）：化学化工学院：化学40人英语20班（43人）：化学化工学院：化工过程机械4人，化学工程与技术37人，化学工程2人英语21班（46人）：化学化工学院：化学17人，资源与环境科学学院：生态学29人英语22班（37人）：资源与环境科学学院：地理学37人英语23班（37人）：资源与环境科学学院：地理学21人，环境科学14人，环境工程2人本部2009级《科学社会主义理论与实践》分班名单科社1班97人：人文学院：除中国少数民族语言文学专业以外所有专业科社2班129人：人文学院：中国少数民族语言文学专业87人物理学院：42人科社3班97人：政治与公共管理学院：除科学社会主义与国际共运专业外所有专业科社4班101人：经济与管理学院：69人，新闻学院：32人科社5班97人：法学院：除法律硕士外所有专业34人数学学院：59人艺术设计学院：4人科社6班100人：化学化工学院：100人科社7班99人：生命科学与技术学院：87人，旅游学院：12人科社8班103人：资源与环境科学学院：103人科社9班115人：外国语学院：45人信息科学与工程学院：70人本部2009级《邓小平理论》法学院：全日制法律硕士33人、法律硕士[法学]52人。

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting1 workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very 3 to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation of what happed. 15, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16rosecompared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hitting Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So fewauthors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a reviv al? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approvinga patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow ofcommunication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, theresearchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the InternationalAccounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other thanhomes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitivedynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economicself-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。

2009-2010学年第一学期本科留学生期末考试安排
国家教育学院
09级全英语授课本科留学生班Undergraduate09 inEnglishMedium
考试安排ExaminationArrangements
国家教育学院
09阿尔及利亚博士班//PhDofALGERIAN09
考试安排ExaminationArrangements
国家教育学院
09阿尔及利亚硕士班//MasterofALGERIAN09
考试安排ExaminationArrangements
国家教育学院
09级高校研究生项目博士班//PhD09
考试安排ExaminationArrangements
国家教育学院
09级高校研究生项目班硕士班//Master09
考试安排ExaminationArrangements
国家教育学院
生于忧患，死于安乐《孟子•告子》
舜发于畎亩之中，傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于士，孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于市。

故天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不
能。

人恒过，然后能改；困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。

入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。

然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。

修订意见扉页：湖南、广东、安徽、云南等省学位英语考试命题研究专家联手打造主编：朱献珑付臻副主编：缪佳明皓郑召关曾成栋编者：（按姓氏笔画）付臻龙晓翔邓正君朱献珑刘慧云刘葭李永芳李巍李海军何佩兰阮丽飞杜鹃张益家明皓武俊辉郑召关赵艳赵红辉夏竟成夏令时曹志艳曾成栋彭娟彭先成谢宝霞熊静玲缪佳颜方明主审：范武邱吴迪龙Ronald Riley（美籍）前言1. 第2行：将“从2005年6月起在全国部分省份进行联考。

”改为“从2005年6月起陆续在湖南（2005年6月）、广东（2005年6月）、云南（2006年6月）、安徽（2006年11月）等省份进行联考。

2. 第3段“2005—2007”及倒数第2段“2005-2008”改为“2005-2009”3. 最后段：将“湖南机电职业技术学院”改为“云南师范大学、云南民族学院、山东省经济管理干部学院”；将“湖南文理学院”改为“华东师范大学”；去掉“华南农业大学”。

4. 将“2008年8月”改为“2009年8月”封底最后一段:将“湖南机电职业技术学院”改为“云南师范大学”下篇撤销全真模拟测试6、7两套试题及答案精解。

附录助考增补2008年11月及2009年6月两套试题及答案精解。

前言介绍做相应变动。

2008年11月成人高等教育学士学位外语水平考试试题Part I Dialogue Completion (15 points)Directions: There are 15 short incomplete dialogues in this part, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D .Choose the best one to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Reese：Remember you have got to show them how easy-going you are.Kent: Thanks. _________A. You did me a favor.B. You say it.C. I will keep that in mind.D. I hope so.2. Terri:Derrick, don‟t you think you should take a vacation? Even one or two days would befine.Derrick：____________________ There‟s too much work.A .I think so. B. No way. C. Count on me. D. You don‟t know.3. Speaker A :Hi John ,I‟ve got a very good job offer.Speaker B: ____________________A. Congratulations!B. No wonder!C. Are you trying to impress me ?D. You care too much about it.4. Janet: It is the kind of day when you want to go outside.Bob: Janet, ________________ Do you want the afternoon off?A let‟s get to the point. B. fine weather outside. C. let‟s do it. D. if you say so.5. John : Would you like to go out to dinner or to a movie?Karen: Either one , ____ I just want to get out of the house.A. it‟s a great idea. B it‟s up to you. C. if you like it. D. if you wish.6. Roger：Hi, Kelly! What …s up ?Kelly : ______________ Same old thing.A. Nothing up.B. Nothing new.C. Everything‟s OK.D. Everything‟s the same.7. Mr. Cody: I was very sorry to hear about your father‟s illness, please give my regards to him. Ms. Cobb: Thank you . ___________.A. He would be happy to meet you.B. He had a very bad cold.C. I‟ll talk to him.D. I appreciate your concern.8. Bob: Henry, I‟d like you to meet my friend, Lee Jones. Lee, this is Henry Fields, an old friend from college.Henry : Hi, Lee. ___________A. Nice seeing you.B. Good to be with you.C. Nice to meet you.D. Glad you are here.9. Receptionist: Colson Company.Jim: _________ May I speak to Tom Wang ,please ?A. Hi, there.B. Hello, Miss.C. Good afternoon.D. This is Jim Welch.10. Speaker A: I‟m tired .Maybe we can finish it tomorrow.Speaker B: _________ We could do it first thing tomorrow morning.A. Why not !B. Can we ?C. You sure?D. Shall we ?11. Mary: I‟m dying to see the game! Thanks for the invitation.Richard: ___________A. I‟m glad you like it.B. I know it‟ll be good.C. It‟s my pleasure.D. It‟s great .12. Curtis: Who do you think is the murderer in this story?Greg: I think it‟s Mr. Johnson, because he was in the house at the time of the murder.Curtis: No,________A. you never know.B. but you may be mistaken.C. but you are on the right track.D. I don‟t know either.13. Henry: Well, I arranged with Bob and Chris to meet me here for a drink, but ______Tom: They are probably held up by the traffic.A. I wonder what it isB. they came late.C. neither of them has turned up.D. you can never tell.14. Speaker A: Excuse me .Can you take pictures for us, please?Speaker B: Oh, I‟m sorry. I have to go.Speaker A: ________A. That‟s OK.B. Thank you.C. Yes, please.D. Don‟t worry .15. Burt: I just had an interview yesterday.Raelene: ________Burt: I think I did well.A. Oh, it was alright.B. Well, so what ?C. Oh ,how did it go ?D. Well ,wish you good luck .PART II Reading Comprehension (40 points )Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneIn 1977 Irene Pepperberg, a recent graduate of Harvard University, did something very bold. She set out to find what was on another creature‟s mind by talking to it .She brought a one- year-old African gray parrot(鹦鹉) she named Alex into her lab to teach him to reproduce the sounds of the English language. Pepperberg bought Alex in a Chicago pet store. She let the store‟s assistant pick him out because she didn‟t want other scientists saying later that she …d intentionally chosen an especially smart birds for her work .Given that Alex …s brain was the size a shelled walnut (胡桃) ,most researcher thought Pepperberg‟s interspecies communication study would fail .When Pepperberg began her dialogue with Alex, who died last September at the age of 31, many scientists believed animals were incapable of any thought. But Pepperberg said: “I thought if he learned to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world.” Of course she couldn‟t ask him what he was thinking about, but she could ask him about his knowledge of numbers, shapes and colors. To demonstrate, Pepperberg took a green key and a small green cup .She held up the two items to Alex‟s eye.“What‟s same?” she asked.Without hesitation, Alex said: “ Co-lor.”“What‟s different?” Pepperberg asked.“Shape,” Alex said .His voice had the digitized sound of a cartoon character .But the words -and what can only be called the thought-were entirely his.And, then, as if to offer final proof of the mind inside his bird‟s brain, Alex spoke up. “Talk clearly!”he commanded , when one of the younger birds Peeperberg was also teaching mis- pronounced the word “green”.“They need to be able to distinguish colors to know when a fruit is ripe or unripe,”Pepperberg noted. “They need to know the shapes of their enemies. And it helps to have a concept of numbers if they need to keep track of their flock. For a long-lived bird, it can‟t do all of this instinct; cognition must be involved.”16. It can be learned from Paragraph I that Alex was ____.A. a smart bird B .an ordinary birdC. the size of a walnutD. good at imitation17. At the beginning, how did many scientists view Peppeberg‟s work?A .It would reveal a creature‟s mind.B. It would probably end in failure.C. It would be hard to judge its value.D. It would be a long-term project.18. Pepperberg‟s work with Alex was intended to prove that animals ______.A. do have thoughtsB. can learn to speakC. can become man‟s friendsD. do live long lives19. The word “cognition” in the last paragraph refers to ______.A. conceptB. thinkingC. instinctD. distinction20 .The passage focuses on ____________.A .why Pepperberg decided to carry out the experimentB. how Pepperberg proved her theory about animals thoughtsC .the new way of communication Pepperberg proposedD. the problems that Pepperberg faced in the experimentPassage TwoThink of the smile that appears on your child‟s face when he‟s enjoying an ice cream. It is the moment and feeling we all want to preserve. But once the last drip is licked, what happens to that happy feeling? Does it just go away? Or it is something deeper inside? Are we “born”happy? What is happiness anyway?The study of happiness is a growing field and it‟s loaded with questions, especially for parents of young children. We all want our kids to grow up to be happy adults-that much is clear. W hat‟s often not clear, however, is how to give our children the gift of lasting happiness. We show them with nice things, praise them to the hills, and let a hand when they struggle. Those external motivators are okay from time to time, but the results last about as long as an ice cream. To raise a child who knows how to maintain joy throughout his life takes a different approach-one that depends on the development of certain inner qualities, including optimism, trust, respect, joy, anda sense of playful enthusiasm.What is happiness? I have two favorite definitions. The first is the general feeling that life is going well. A happy person is cheerful and optimistic, and feels as if he is connected to those around him .The second definition is simple yet meaningful. Happiness is the capacity to enjoy what you have, rather than always wanting what you don‟t have.So are we born happy? Or must we …pursue” happiness? It turns out to be a little of both .All children begin life with a tremendous potential to be happy through out their lives .But happiness, unlike eye color, is not something that is guaranteed to last, so as a parent you can and should playa role in helping your child create the habits that lead to joyful living .21. The example of the ice cream is used to ______A. illustrate why a child is happyB. show how happiness can lastC. introduce a discussion of happinessD. propose an approach to the study of happiness22. According to the author, most of the time we don‟t know ___________.A. what happiness isB. how to take care of kidsC.what brings happiness to usD. how to give our kids lasting happiness23. Lending a hand to a child when he is struggling can make him feel __________.A. helpfulB. being lovedC. being respectedD. happy only for a while24. According to the passage , which of the following statement is true?A. People can know happiness at any age.B. A happy person lives a successful life.C. Enjoying what you have can make you happy.D. Parents want to pursue the study of happiness.25. Happiness is contrasted with eye color because happiness _________.A. does not have a colorB. is not physicalC. cannot be seenD. may not lastPassage ThreeThe Mayan(玛雅) Indians lived in Mexico for thousands of years before the Spanish arrived in the 1500s.The Maya were an intelligent, culturally rich people whose achievement were many .They had farms, beautiful palaces and cities with many buildings .the Mayan people knew a lot about nature and the world around them .This knowledge helped them to live a better life than most people of that time, because they could use it to make their lives more comfortable and rewarding. Knowledge about tools and farming, for instance, made their work easier and more productive.The Maya believed in many gods, including rain gods, sun gods, and corn gods. The people built large temples to honor them .Skillful workers built cities around these temples .It was difficult for them to construct these cities, because they had no horses to carry the heavy stones they used to build with .Workers had to carry all of the building materials themselves. Today, many of these ancient Mayan cities and temples are still standing.Usually, only the priests lived in the citied. The other people lived in small villages in the forests .Their houses were much simpler than the elaborate structures in the cities. They lived insmall huts with no windows .Most Maya lived a simple life close to nature.Measuring time was important to the Maya, so the Mayan priests made a system to keep track of time, and they made a calendar in which the year was divided into 18 months of 20 days each with five days left over. The Mayan calendar was far more accurate than the European calendars of the time.26. The Maya lived in Mexico __________.A. shortly before the Spanish arrivedB. long before the Spanish arrivedC. at the same time as the SpanishD. with the Spanish for thousands of years27. Many Mayan cities and temples _________.A. were constructed by the priestsB. were built with heavy stonesC. were rebuilt several timesD. were the miracles of god28. Most Mayan people lived in _____________.A. beautiful citiesB. simple hutsC. primitive cavesD. stone temples29. What can we learn about the Mayan calendar?A. It was based on the European calendars.B. It was better than European calendars.C. It was as accurate as European calendars.D. It was copied by European calendars.30. What is the main idea of this article?A. The Mayan calendar was excellent.B. The Maya were excellent farmers.C. The Maya were intelligent people.D. The MayaN cities were difficult to build.Passage FourPart-time jobs for American students are very popular but usually begin during their high school days .Besides working in fast food restaurants, a very popular job for a teenager is baby- sitting(临时照看小孩) .This has its greatest appeal among teenager girls and a good babysitter can earn quite a bit if she is reliable , responsible and mature.It is not necessarily an easy job and requires both social skills and general competence .A good babysitter should know how to how to change diapers（尿布）and earn the respect of the children she is watching .She must be able to get the children ready for bed and keep an eye on them even while they are sleeping. In addition, she should be able to handle any unexpected emergency with common sense and be calm at all times. She should know the emergency numbers of the hospital and police for situations which require assistance.Once the children are asleep the babysitter is free to watch TV or listen to music .If she really cares about her studies, she may well spend the time doing homework but should not tie up phone with personal calls just in case the parents want to be in contact with her.Another part-time job which is popular especially among young boys is managing a paperroute .The job also requires a sense of maturity and responsibility and can be a source of good income for a high school student .Young boys who run paper routes are required to get up early in the morning to deliver the daily news without considering the weather .This job has no holidays and require the newspaper to be delivered every day without exception.31. Babysitting has great attraction for teenager girls because __________.A. it is a popular part-time jobB. it is a respectable jobC. they can earn some moneyD. they can learn children skills32. According to the passage, a competent babysitter should be able to _______.A. amuse the babyB. calm down a crying childC. deal with unexpected situationsD. give the child assistance at any time33. While babysitting, a girl student should NOT _______.A. call the baby‟s parentsB. make personal calls foe a long timeC. be allowed to watch TVD. think of her studies34. Concerning babysitting and managing a paper route, which of the following statement is true?A. Both call for daily service.B. Both call for a sense of responsibility.C. Neither is affected by bad weather.D. Neither is helpful to character development.35. This passage is intended to _________.A. discuss part-time jobs for students in generalB. encourage students to take up part-time jobsC. show the benefits of part-time jobs to students‟ studiesD. praise boys and girls who work part timePART III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions : There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentences. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36. The company can constantly monitor the level of heat and energy and adjust _____.A. accordinglyB. basicallyC. conventionallyD. subjectively37. To communicate ____________, both the content and the form of the message must be clear.A. ordinarilyB. pleasantlyC. relevantlyD. effectively38. I had to earn a lot of money ________ I could buy my children nice clothes and toys.A. more or lessB. so thatC. now thatD. sooner or later39. I want to________ my friendship with her even though I was hurt by her words.A. separateB. interruptC. maintainD. release40. The doctor recommends that those who have the illness take these pills to _______thesymptoms.A. combatB. worsenC. hideD. nurture41. We cannot ignore the ____of noise on people in the factories.A. effectB. resultC. volumeD. fact42. The lab ceased to exist as an independent drug research ______in January 2004.A. instanceB. insuranceC. instructionD. institution43. A ny applicant who had worked in this field would receive _______over those who had not.A. referenceB. inferenceC. preferenceD. conference44. Let‟s stop shouting at each other and talk about this like two _____ people.A. sensitiveB. rationalC. exhaustedD. resourceful45. The process of learning is one of the most demanding and most ________ processes thateveryone can experience.A. revolvingB. rewardingC. respectfulD. resourceful46. They hope that a more practical solution can be ___.A. worked outB. dealt withC. cleared up C. left out47. As the newcomer did not follow the instructions properly, he ___ failure.A. ended up inB. came up withC. stood up toD. looked up to48.His decades of effort began to ___________, for his new breed of rice had become morepopular.A. pay offB. call offC. pull offD. lay off49. The one-year course is only to ________ the foundations of good technical training.A. lead toB. let downC. come toD. lay down50. The author assumes that his readers are________ the basic concepts.A. careful withB. careful toC. familiar withD. familiar to51. The man whose cart got __in the mud preyed to god for help instead of getting it out himself .A. engagedB. stuckC. markedD. plunged52.In 1986 the government announced it would ______the production of nuclear weaponsbecause of internal and external political pressure.A. boostB. beginC. resumeD. abandon53. The students become very _______to Minneapolis because they can buy a house after workingthere for several years.A. attractedB. attribute C attempted D. attended54. The instructor _____every member of the team to tough physical training.A. enduredB. experiencedC. submittedD. subjected55. The exciting work was good for me as it got my blood ________agreeably through my veins.A. circulating B floating C. hunting D. orbiting56. _____was reported yesterday, two buildings were caught on fire in the town.A. ItB. AsC. WhatD. That57. I expect _______some tough questions from both sidesA. there beB. there to beC .there being D. there been58. Judging from the fact that the other scouts haven‟t arrived, they ______the bus.A might missB .could missC. must have missedD. should have missed59. I am reluctant to use the strategy ______ it serves a very clear purpose.A. whenB. unlessB. as long as D. as soon as60. If you ______a little longer at the party last night, you would have met the pop star.A. have stayedB. stayedC. had stayed D would have stayed61. Greenspan is aware of these problems, but he does n‟t seem to believe there was any way hecould have done ______ about them.A .anything B. somethingC. nothingD. everything62. They cannot be brother, _______ they do not resemble each other at all.A . but B. stillC. forD. then63.__________you suspect something, I may as well tell you the whole truth.A. Since B UntilC AfterD While64._________ from the top of a mountain, the beautiful peak is a magic that captures his emotion.A. ViewingB. To viewC. ViewD. Viewed65. I am often asked whether I regret ________ my P.H.D. project.A no to finishB not have to finishC having not finishedD not having finishing66. I have never been to Italy, but that is the country _____________.A. where I most like to visitB. I‟d most like to visitC. I like to visit it mostD. which I like to visit it67. The director ____ their representatives is to attend the conference.A. orB. andC. as well asD. rather than68. The statesman had a hard time _____his supporters to see the pointA. gettingB. gotC. having gotD. to get69. Little _____that I would one day take part in a war that would last for six years.A. I knewB. I knowC. would I knowD. did I know70. White smoke _______ 25-30 meters above the hill as they approached it.A. has been seen riseB. had been seen risingC. was seen riseD. was seen rising71. I remember _______the gloves on the sofa, but they are not there now.A. leaveB. to leaveC. leavingD. left72. He is determined to prove his innocence, _____________he has to go to the highest court ofthe country.A. even soB. even nowC. even asD. even if73. Jane said she would rather _______when she was working on the project.A. not to be disturbed B not being disturbedC. not be disturbedD. not been disturbed74. Using many symbols makes ___for us to take notes more quickly.A. possible it isB. it possibleC. it is possibleD. that possible75.The brain is capable of ignoring pain message if ______________to concentrate on otheractivities.A .allowing it B. it will allowC. allowed itD. it is allowedPart IV Cloze Test (10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passag . For each numbered blank , there are 4 choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Ok, say good-bye to the cables, plugs and chargers that mess up you room. Scientists have discovered a way of transmitting electric power 76________a room into a light bulb, mobile phone or computer-without wires or 77_________. The life changing invention from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is called “WiTricity”. In an experiment, researchers lit a 60-watt bulb from a power source more than two meters 78_______. The power transfer was more than enough to 79___a computer over a room-sized distance, they say. The invention 80___ coils of wire linked by a resonating(共振) magnetic field. The effect is 81_____ the transfer of energy that allows a singer to crack a wine glass. Magnetic fields interact only weakly with biological organisms, so transmitting electric power is safe for humans and 82_______. The concept 83__ WiTricity is not new .The American inventor Nikola Tesla conducted experiments more than a century 84______showing that he could use electromagnetic fields to transmit power. 85_____ this technique was inefficient and most of the power he tried to transmit leaked away.76. A .across B. along C. above D. about77. A. threads B. cables C. rope D. bunches78. A. off B. long C. far D. away79. A. serve B. view C. run D. carry80. A. lives on B. makes for C. relies on D. aims at81. A. prior to B. proportional to C. parallel to D. similar to82. A. children B. animals C. houses D. equipment83. A. on B. in C. around D. behind84. A. ago B.before C since D after85. A. but B so C. as D. andPart V Writing (15point)Directions: You are to write in 100-120 words about the title “let’s do more to save energy”. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1在现在能源短缺的情况下，你认为我们应该采取哪些措施来节约能源？2请列举说明为什么。

关于2009－2010学年第一学期期末考试工作安排的通知各系、二级学院、部：根据学校教学计划的安排，本学期的期末考试工作将于第17—19周即2009年12月21日—2010年1月8日进行，现将有关事项通知如下：一、考前准备工作系、二级学院、部主管领导要认真抓好考试工作的各个环节，在期末考试前要召开相关会议布置工作：（一）系、二级学院、部领导办公会。

根据学校的统一安排，结合本单位情况研究落实期末考试工作的措施、要求和安排，尤其要做好监考人员的安排工作。

（二）工作部署会。

组织任课教师、命题教师、监考人员和教学管理人员，传达学校本学期期末考试工作安排；研究和布置有关考试的各项具体工作，包括监考、试卷评阅和成绩分析、试卷分析等；进一步熟悉《邯郸学院试卷保密管理办法》、《邯郸学院学生学业成绩考试管理暂行办法》等相关规定，明确各环节的时间要求与工作要求。

（三）学生动员会。

向学生申明考试的目的、要求；要求每个学生必须熟悉《邯郸学院学生学业成绩考试管理暂行办法》中有关违纪作弊情节认定及处理，通过教务处网站了解每场考试的时间及地点。

各学院应把学风、考风考纪教育作为思想政治工作的重要内容，教育学生以端正诚实的态度对待考试，以真实优良的成绩证明自己，在考试过程中培养学生诚实、守信的品德和作风。

二、考试工作的组织及时间安排（一）全校公共体育课程的考试由公体部组织，时间安排在第15、16周（12月7日-18日）。

（二）公共选修课及考查课由学校统一安排，其中，公共选修课程的考查在课程授课结束时随堂进行，考查课考试定在第17周进行。

各单位须将上述课程的考试安排在该课程考试前一周报教务处教务管理办公室审查备案。

（三）其它所有课程的考试安排在第18—19周即2009年12月28—2010年1月8日，公共课由教务处统一组织进行。

专业课考试时间由各教学单位具体安排并于12月11日（周五）前报教务处教务管理办公室。

（四）各二级学院、系、部务必在12月11日（周五）前将所有试卷交教务处，具体要求参照《邯郸学院学业考试试卷保密办法》执行。

绝密★启用前2009年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试卷一Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 pointsPart Vocabulary and Structure Ⅱ (20 minutes, 10 pointsPart Reading Comprehension Ⅲ (40 minutes, 40 pointsPart Cloze Test Ⅳ(15 minutes, 10 points考生须知1. 本考试分试卷一和试卷二两部分。

试卷一满分75分,考试时间为90分钟,14:30开始,16:00结束;试卷二满分25分,考试时间为60分钟,16:00开始,17:00结束。

2. 请考生务必将本人考号最后两位数字填写在本页右上角方框内。

3. 本试卷一为A 型试卷,其答案必须用2B 铅笔填涂在A 型答题卡上,做在其它类型答题卡或试卷上的无效。

答题前,请核对答题卡是否为A 型卡,若不是,请要求监考员予以更换。

4.在答题卡上正确的填涂方法为在代表答案的字母上划线,如[A ] [B] [C] [D]。

A5. 监考员宣布试卷一考试结束时,请立即停止答试卷一,将试卷一及其答题卡反扣在自己的桌面上,继续做试卷二。

监考员将到座位上收取试卷一及其答题卡。

6. 监考员收卷过程中,考生须配合监考员验收,并请监考员在准考证上签字(作为考生交卷的凭据,否则,若发生答卷遗失,责任由考生自负。

英语试卷一A 第 1 页共 13 页Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 pointsSection A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.Woman: Concert or movie, what would you prefer?Man: ________. I just want to get out of the house.A.That’s a good ideaB.That’s OK with meC.I really don’t careD.There is no problem2.Speaker A: Could I speak to John, please?Speaker B: John? There’s no one by that name here. I’m afraid you’ve got the wrong number.Speaker A: ________.A.OK, let me check againB.Well, I’ll try againC.All right, thank youD.Oh, sorry to have bothered you3.Man: Have you seen my glasses anywhere?Woman: No. ________Man: Yes. And I can’t see a thing without them.A.Did you lose them?B.Can’t you find them?C.Anything wrong?D.Can I help you?4.Speaker A: Hey, it’s beautiful out today, isn’t it?Speaker B: ________.A.Tomorrow will be the same as todayB.Yeah. I wish it would be like this every dayC.Really? It’s different from the weather forecastD.At least not as good as I expected5.Speaker A: I’m going home now. Do you need a ride?Speaker B: ________. I’m not done yet.A.It’s impossibleB.Thank youC.I’m glad toD.No, thanks英语试卷一A 第 2 页共 13 页Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6.Woman: Are you going to Hawaii on your vacation?Man: Not this year. I am broke.Woman: Oh! Come on.Question: How does the woman take the man’s words?A.She is surprised.B.She thinks he’s not serious.C.She feels sorry for the man.D.She is amused.7.Woman: Do you like the course we’re taking?Man: It’s beyond me.Question: What does the man mean?A.He feels comfortable with the course.B.He doesn’t like the course.C.He can’t understand the course.D.He doesn’t want to answer the question.8.Man: Ben borrowed his father’s car without permission, and then crashed it into thegarage door.Woman: No wonder his father went up the wall.Question: What can we learn about Ben’s father?A.He was extremely angry.B.He wouldn’t forgive Ben.C.He was quite disappointed.D.He couldn’t understand Ben.9.Man: Are you finished with school already?Woman: No. I have one more semester, but it would be great to have a job lined up.Question: What does the woman mean?A.She will line up to apply for a job.B.She has already had a job offer.C.She hopes to get a job offer before graduation.D.She’ll look for a job soo n after graduation.英语试卷一A 第 3 页共 13 页10.Man: Gosh! There seems to be no end to the work I have to do.Woman: I’m glad I’m not in your shoes.Question: What does the woman mean?A.She is not as busy as the man.B.She is busier than the man.C.She is lucky not to work with the man.D.She is unable to help the man.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 pointsDirections:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11.Fighting corruption involves tackling those who offer ________ as well as those who take them.A.bribesB.donationsC.contributionsD.bonuses12.In a ________ of inspiration, I decided to paint the whole house white.A.flameB.flashC.flavorD.flight13.Unlike other leaders who put all blames on others, he took responsibility and resigned ________.A.reluctantlyB.faithfullyC.mysteriouslyD.gracefully14.This report is ________ with an article written by the same author.A.identicalB.sameC.similarD.alike15.Traditional publishing will be ________ dramatically in the next 5 to 10 years.A.cut awayB.cut backC.cut downD.cut off英语试卷一A 第 4 页共 13 页16.Sunny Monday skies will ________ a shield of clouds by sunset.A.give path toB.give place toC.give space toD.give way to17.Eating regular meals is ________ important for health.A.vividlyB.vitallyC.visiblyD.visually18.A new electronic announcement system has been introduced in the taxis to________ passengers not to forget their luggage.A.alertB.warnrmD.remind19.Consumer ________ in food products has been shaken by several recent scandals.A.confidenceB.trustC.beliefD.assurance20.Such a proposal must have been put forward by people with limited ________.A.outlookB.overlookC.outlineD.overview21.Many dreams ________ seem impossible, then improbable, and eventually inevitable.A.firstB.at firstC.firstlyD.first of all22.If you are going to interview someone you ________ know something about them.A.had ratherB.would ratherC.should as wellD.might as well23.Joe ________ away for the last two days but he is due back tomorrow.A.isB.wentC.has beenD.has gone24.________ 40 years ago, the book continues to be marketed, mass-produced, andchallenged.A.Being writtenB.As writtenC.Though writtenD.It was written英语试卷一A 第 5 页共 13 页25.Born Sept. 11, 1907, in Boston, Alice Lillian Ellis was ________ of nine children.A.the oldest thirdB.the third oldC.the third olderD.the third oldest26.I’ll contact my office in London straight away and ________ to you.A.have the contract faxedB.have the contract faxC.have faxed the contractD.have been faxing the contract27.Caroline has never ever broken her promise, ________.A.neither had IB.nor have IC.not would ID.never will I28.Weather ________, we’ll go for a walk in the woods tomorrow.A.to permitB.permittedC.permitsD.permitting29.If she ________ here next week, we would know her decision.A.were to beB.will beC.would have beenD.is to be30.The problem is that they are unable to communicate effectively in the language________ public services are offered.A.by whichB.for whichC.in whichD.of whichPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 pointsDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneJack’s friend Tony had recently gotten a tattoo (文身, and Jack was so impressed by Tony’s bravery and his tattoo that he decided to get one too. Why do a lot of young people in North America get tattoos today? Peer pressure, media influence, and personal expression are some of the common reasons.英语试卷一A 第 6 页共 13 页The desire to be part of a group, to be accepted by one’s friends or peers, can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may wear green army jackets and have large “Xs” tattooed on t heir arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special “uniform”. Young people often belong to a certain group of friends. Some of these groups wear only brand-name clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a person’s friends are all doing something, such as getting a tattoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tattoo too.The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images show tattoos. Tattoos can be seen on people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars. Famous sports heroes with tattoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colorful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value.It is not always the influence of other people or the media that results in a person getting a tattoo. Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings—in other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tattoo each others’ names over their hearts. A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person’s life.31.Jack got a tattoo because of ________.A.the influence of friendsB.the influence of the mediaC.a desire to express himselfD.a desire to be fashionable32.Gang members wear the tattoo of “Xs” to show their ________.A.individualityB.powerC.sense of honorD.sense of belonging33.Which of the following groups of people are seen wearing tattoos in the media?A.Car sellers.B.Sports stars.C.Fashion designers.D.Movie stars.英语试卷一A 第 7 页共 13 页34.Which of the following tattoos shows one’s belief?A.A musical instrument.B.A lover’s name.C.A picture of endangered species.D.A brand name.35.The best title for this passage is ________.A.Why People Get TattoosB.Tattoos’ New TrendC.The Popularity of TattoosD.Tattoos Tell Who You ArePassage TwoIs the customer always right? The answer, it seems, depends on which country you ar e in. Shopping is very much a part of a country’s culture, and attitudes to shopping and consumers vary from country to country just as much as climate or taste in food. From the air-conditioned American shopping centers to the street market of African towns, the way we shop shows the way we see ourselves and our relationships with other people.Business competition in Europe has given consumers increased power. This has meant falling prices, plenty of special offers and a re-examination of what customer service really means. People often point to America as an example of excellent customerservice. In restaurants in the south of the USA, for example, waiters compliment you on your clothes, ask about your day, compliment you on the wisdom of your order and then return every ten minutes to refill your glass and make sure that everything is to your satisfaction.Anyone who has waited 30 minutes to be served in a restaurant might well dream of such attention, but do Europeans really want US style service? As a friend of mine once told me, “By the end of the evening I had spent as much time talking to the waiter as to my wife.” It is a question of expectations. Different nationalities expect different types of service.A Chinese-American friend loves telling people about how her Chinese mother shops for clothes: “First of all she waits until they are on sale, then she bargains until she gets an even better price and then she finds some small fault with the product and demands a further reduction. She never buys any thing at the regular price.” Could you imagine trying such tricks in a department store in your country?英语试卷一A 第 8 页共 13 页Attitudes to service are, of course, affected by employers’ attitudes to their workers. As American sales and service personnel are heavily reliant on commission and tips, they have more motives to provide more service. But is this fair? Do we think it is fair to ask shop assistants to work late evenings, Sundays and 12 hour shifts? It might not be a case of “Is the customer always right?” but a case of “How much service is it fair to expect?”36.The way people shop ________.A.carries social and cultural valuesB.reflects the developmental stage of a countryC.determines the way they socializeD.reveals their social status37.The word “compliment” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”.A.evaluateB.criticizeugh atD.praise38.The remarks of the author’s friend in Paragraph 3 indicate that Europeans________.A.think highly of the American serviceB.find it impossible to accept the American serviceC.do not appreciate the American serviceD.will gradually accept the American service39.Why does the author use the Chinese mother’s shopping experience as an example?A.To warn shop assistants of tough customers.B.To teach people how to get better service as customers.C.To criticize some improper shopping behavior.D.To show how different people’s expectations of service are.40.According to the last paragraph, the service quality of American service personnelmay depend on ________.A.the customers’ attitude towards themB.the amount of commission and tipsC.the length of their working hoursD.their working experience英语试卷一A 第 9 页共 13 页Passage ThreeJob sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job’s wages, its holid ays and its other benefits. Of course, some job sharers take a smaller or larger share of the responsibilities of the position, receiving a lesser or greater share of the benefits.Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is toprovide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free timefor other activities.As would be expected, women constitute the bulk of job sharers. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission revealed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.41.“Employee commitment” in Paragraph 2 refers to the employee’s ________.A.qualificationB.loyaltyC.experienceD.achievement英语试卷一A 第 10 页共 13 页42.Work sharing is different from job sharing in that ________.A.it requires more working hoursB.it provides more work positionsC.it depends on the employer’s decisionD.it offers a more satisfactory salary43.Job sharing is popular with young mothers mainly because ________.A.they can take care of both work and familyB.they are over ideal working agesC.they seek equal opportunities with menD.they have difficulty finding full-time jobs44.In job sharing the partners should ________.A.be social equalsB.be intimate friendsC.know each other very wellD.have similar working experience45.The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A.recommend job sharing to womenB.discuss a way to tackle unemploymentC.criticize job sharing as inefficientD.describe job sharing in generalPassage FourAmericans have a great love for informality and nowhere is this better expressed than in their love for nicknames (昵称、绰号. Upon greeting strangers for the first time they will quickly introduce themselves by their nickname. These are shortened forms of their given name at birth and reflect the casual relationships which exist among friends and coworkers. Family names are hardly ever used in daily situations and the use of one’s father’s last name is saved only for rare and formal occasions.In many traditional cultures the use of the family name is seen as a sign of respect. For Americans, however, it’s the nickname which creates an immediate intimacy between two people upon which to build a relationship. By speaking to another on a first name basis and using his nickname, walls are immediately torn down and equality between two people is established.英语试卷一A 第 11 页共 13 页At work bosses will refer to their employees by their nicknames. Should an employer use a worker’s family name, you can be sure that some kind of correction or serious business will follow.This love for nicknames can create a sense of closeness between people who are otherwise not related. Even the presidents of the United States have borne nicknames. Abraham Lincoln was known as Honest Abe. John F. Kennedy was known as Jack or JFK and William Clinton has no reservations in letting people know he prefers to be called Bill, but those who look upon him with disfavor may call him Slick Willy.Not only people but cities often carry their own nicknames. Chicago is called the “Windy City” because of the strong winds which come down from Canada throughout the year. New York City is considered the “Big Apple” for reasons which are still obscure to most people including many New Yorkers.Not every nickname, however, is positive and some can be rather rude and insulting. If someone should demonstrate a certain negative characteristic, a label will soon be attached to describe that person in an unpleasant way.Likewise a person’s physical traits which are very dominant may lead to nicknames but not necessarily to one’s liking or choice. A nickname, therefore, is a way of identifying or describing someone or something for better or worse.46.Why do Americans prefer to use nicknames when addressing one another?A.Nicknames are easy to remember.B.Americans are a friendly people.C.Nicknames are convenient to use in daily life.D.Nicknames help build a closer relationship.47.Americans tend to u se others’ family names ________.A.in the work placeB.when writing lettersC.on formal occasionsD.when making phone calls48.Many traditional societies see the use of one’s family name as a sign of________.A.distanceB.respectC.importanceD.gratitude英语试卷一A 第 12 页共 13 页49.An American employer is likely to use a worker’s family name when ________.A.the worker is to get a promotionB.he speaks to the worker at a gatheringC.the worker has done something wrongD.he is being friendly with the worker50.In Paragraph 5, the word “obscure” is closest in meaning to “________”.A.unclearB.soundC.funnyD.popularPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 pointsDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.For years we have believed we were either healthy or sick. 51 , during the mid-90s, scientists developed a new concept called “sub-health”, a status 52 health and illness. The concept of sub-health has become 53 because it has helped to explain many healthproblems. 54 one study, only 5.6% of people in the overall population are actually sick, 55 the sub-healthy group consists of about 60%, and the 56 population is considered healthy. 57 of one’s sub-health will help one to be alert to the underlying disease and remain healthy. Sub-Health is a state in which the body is 58 turning from health to illness or from illness to health. Our bodies are actively 59 the conditions of health, sub-health and disease. Factors 60 aging, internal or external toxicity (毒性, and body or mind exhaustion may cause sub-health, but taking good care of the body can change a sub-healthy status to a healthy one.B.HoweverC.MeantimeD.Therefore51.A.BesidesD.toward52.A.between B.within C.beyond53.A.global B.controversial mon D.popularD.According toto54.A.DueB.Thanks toC.PriortoD.for55.A.thoughB.sinceC.whereas56.A.retaining B.remaining C.reserving D.relating57.A.Awareness B.Causes C.Treatment D.DoubtsC.eitherD.neither58.A.still B.alreadyparing B.choosing C.balancing D.improving to D.along with60.A.as B.likeC.up英语试卷一A 第 13 页共 13 页绝密★启用前2009年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试卷二Part Ⅴ Translation(30 minutes, 10 pointsPart ⅥWriting (30 minutes, 15 points考生须知1.试卷二满分25分,考试时间为60分钟,16:00开始,17:00结束。

研究生英语试题2009.012009年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题AGENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATESTUDENTS(GETJAN0309)PAPER ONEPART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. She does not really need his help.B. She has not started thinking about it yet.C. She is very grateful to the man for his advice.D. She has already talked with the man.2. A. Climbing the mountain was terrible and exhausting.B. The mountain's scenery was extremely beautiful.C. He could hardly breathe after climbing onto the top.D. The wind atop the mountain was very strong.3. A. Mixed. B. Fascinated. C. Enthusiastic. D. Disinterested.4. A. The woman looks down upon Margaret.B. The woman feels jealous of Margaret.C. Margaret has the chance to meet stars at the White House.D. Margaret has set a high goal in her career.5. A. He doesn't think the woman can do both things well.B. He doesn't think the woman can do both things at the same time.C. He suggests the woman stay at home to take care of her daughter.D. He encourages the woman to do a part-time job.6. A. Chris and the man are good friends.B. Chris is ill so the man gives him some money.C. Chris told the man he decided to return the money.D. The man treats Chris as Chris has treated him.7. A. The man will get a high score in the exam.B. The man didn't devote himself to his study.C. The woman would have helped him in the exam.D. The teacher is so strict that the students have to do what he says.8. A. The man shows his good will to the woman.B. The man suggests her not regretting what's already happened.C. The woman is confident about handling a project well.D. The woman is upset because her milk was spilt.9. A. He was playing a joke.B. He was leaving Boston.C. He was moving to Boston.D. He was selling his house himself.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks andthe questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. Social Research.B. World Values Survey.C. The World's Happiest Country.D. Perspectives on Psychological Science.11. A. Happiness levels around the world do not really change.B. Many people around the world like to talk about happiness.C. Many people around the world are happier now than in the past.D. Many people around the world are less happy now than in the past.12. A. The health-care system in the country is good.B. People in the country share strong family ties.C. There is no hunger in the country.D. There is no political and social unrest.Mini-talk Two13. A. It can find small changes below ground before the earthquake.B. The devices are placed much deeper below ground.C. The new electrical devices are highly sensitive.D. It can help find the earthquake-prone area.14. A. The flow of the underground water.B. The movement in the Earth's center.C. The increase of the temperature below ground.D. The rocks below ground pushing together.15. A. It can help reduce the power of major earthquakes.B. It can provide a signal a few days before a major earthquake.C. It can provide a signal up to ten hours before a major earthquake.D. It can tell people where the earthquake center is.Section CDirections: In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.16. It is estimated that at least one million people die every year because of complications ______.17. The program used by the United Nations agency to reduce mistakes is around a new ______.18. In 2004, the death rate that surgical complications led to in developing countries was ______.19. The very first step for the checklist is to confirm the ______ and the operation to be performed.20. Surgical equipment is counted to make sure ______ stays in the patient.PART ⅡVOCABULARYSection ADirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C andD. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. With the debt approaching a staggering sum, this company had no choice but to declare bankruptcy.A. astonishingB. swayingC. tremblingD. amusing22. What you have just said seems to have nothing to do with the matter in question.A. under attackB. under considerationC. under suspicionD. under way23. In the light of the current news his argument seems to be well grounded and convincing.A. On account ofB. By means ofC. With regard toD. In view of24. Overseas athletes and officials were impressed by the superb performance of Chinese counterparts.A. uniqueB. splendidC. unbelievableD. imaginative25. You don't have to ask him to render an account of his actions,for he rarely tells the truth.A. deliverB. narrateC. settleD. compress26. Schools are advised to work together with parents to address the issue of addiction to computer games.A. speak toB. deal withC. take downD. go for27. In contrast, the threat posed by the second source of major terrorism is real and large.A. proposedB. presentedC. predictedD. prevented28. Around the Spring Festival, a prevailing practice is to exchange greetings and visits.A. prevalentB. populousC. precedingD. present29. My mom would rather put honesty first in her hierarchy of values, which is important for our growth.A. inventoryB. gradingC. accumulationD. assessment30. We have come to realize the need to leave enoughenvironmental space for our offspring.A. contemporariesB. ancestorsC. descendantsD. neighborsSection BDirections:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. Some stories bring a smile, because they ______ some officials who care nothing but their own position.A. make sense ofB. poke fun atC. give rise toD. let go of32. The Environmental Protection Agency has put forward what ______ the most serious government warning to date.A. adds toB. objects toC. occurs toD. amounts to33. These papers have helped to ______ the causes of depression and ways out of depression.A. catch sight ofB. take advantage ofC. shed light onD. get along with34. A person must satisfy his physiological needs, such as food, clothing and shelter, before ______ any other objective.A. chasingB. pursuingC. sustainingD. searching35. Wealth, advanced education and a ______ occupation can give a person high status in society.A. tediousB. wearyC. prestigiousD. notorious36. Studies have shown that workers' desire to be accepted by co-workers could ______them more strongly than the desire to earn more money.A. hamperB. motivateC. interveneD. streamline37. A network of miniature toxin detectors has been ______ in30 American cities for the sake of bio-security.A. deployedB. committedC. indulgedD. immersed38. Since 2004, some 60 million visitors to the U.S. have had their two index fingerprints recorded by an ______ scanner.A. oppositeB. organicC. occasionalD. optical39. With this sensitive machine, we can find the ______ of amilligram of aspirin in an Olympic-size swimming pool.A. counterpartB. equivalentC. averageD. installation40. The construction of ______ and theories reflects the scientists' interpretation of what has been observed.A. prototypesB. hypothesesC. fantasiesD. imaginationsPART ⅢCLOZE TESTDirections: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Blue collar and government jobs are among the most (41) careers for U.S. graduates, according to U.S. News magazine's 2008 Best Careers report. U.S. employers are increasingly off shoring professional jobs. This means less jobs (42) college-graduate skills, the magazine says. As in many other countries, U.S. high school students are told that college is the (43) . So there's a growing (44) of skilled people in jobs that don't require a college education. But the report also says that some rewarding blue-collar careers, such as technical work inthe biomedical equipment and security systems sectors, are more (45)to college graduates. These are more knowledge-based than the usual blue-collar jobs.Government is becoming an employer of (46) . Corporations, fueled by pressures to compete globally, continue to get ever (47) . Non-profit organizations are increasingly strapped for cash. Governmentis able to pay employees well, (48) their practices are economically sound, the magazine says. The report also indicates that social (49) may be the enemy of contentment in career. People are flocking in greater numbers to careers in the law, medicine and architecture. Yet recent surveys of job satisfaction in those professions (50) a less-than-rosy picture.41. A. profitable B. promising C. prompt D. progressive42. A. acquire B. inquire C. require D. request43. A. route B. road C. passage D. way44. A. shortage B. necessity C. decrease D. increase45. A. capable of going B. likely to goC. prone to goingD. able to go46. A. right B. election C. choice D. occasion47. A. fatter B. heavier C. lighter D. leaner48. A. whether or not B. now and thenC. off and onD. so and so49. A. post B. status C. level D. grade50. A. purchase B. demonstrate C. paint D. alterPART ⅣREADING COMPREHENSIONDirections:In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneJustin was always prepared. His motto was "Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy." His bedroom was so fullof fiat bicycle tires, bent tennis rackets, deflated basketballs, and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door. His parents pleaded with him to clean out his room."What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bottom?" his father asked. But Justin simply smiled and repeated his motto, "Never throwanything out, you never know when it might come in handy."When Justin was away from home, he always carried his blue backpack. He liked to think of it as a smaller version of his bedroom--a placeto store the many objects that he collected. It was so worn and stretched that it hardly resembled a backpack anymore. It was full of the kind of things that seemed unimportant, but when used with alittle imagination, might come in handy.Justin had earned a reputation for figuring things out and getting people out of otherwise hopeless situations. Many of his classmates and neighbors sought him out when they needed help with a problem. On the first day of school, his friend Kenny, came looking for Justin. "Do you think you have something inyour bag that could help me remember my locker combination?" he asked. "I lost the scrap of paper it was written on. I have science class in two minutes and if I'mlate on the first day it'll make me look bad for the rest of the year." Kenny looked genuinely worried."Relax," Justin said, taking his backpack off and unzipping the top. "Remember how you borrowed my notebook in homeroom to write the combination down? Well, I know how we can recover what you wrote."He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag. The page that Kenny had written on had left faint indentations (印凹痕 ) on another page in the notebook. Justin held the pencil on its side and rubbed it lightly over the indentations. Slowly but surely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white, set off by the gray pencil rubbings."That's amazing!" Kenny said. "I owe you one." And he dashed off to open his locker.51. Why is Justin's room such a mess?A. He always forgets to clean it.B. He never throws anything away.C. He has no time to clean it.D. He shares a room with Kenny.52. The word "pleaded" in Paragraph 1 can best be replaced by ______.A. ignoredB. askedC. pushedD. begged53. In what way is Justin's backpack a smaller version of his bedroom?A. He uses it as a place to store objects.B. He uses it to carry his books and sports equipment.C. His parents tell him to clean it all the time.D. He has had it for too long a time.54. How does Justin help his friends?A. He offers them advice.B. He loans them his backpack.C. He listens to their problems.D. He uses the objects in his backpack.55. How come Justin could help Kenny recover his locker combination?A. Justin remembered Kenny's locker combination.B. Kenny had left the scrap of paper in Justin's backpack.C. Kenny had left indentations of the combination on Justin's notebook.D. Justin found the scrap of paper the locker combination was written on.56. The author's purpose in writing this story is to ______.A. informB. entertainC. educateD. satirizePassage TwoOnly moments after announcing a policy of zero tolerance on cellphone use in the classroom, Ali Nazemi heard a ring. Nazemi, a business professor at Roanoke College in Virginia, took out a hammer andwalked towards a young man. He smashed the offending device.Students' faces turned white all over the classroom.This episode reflects a growing challenge for American college teachers in, as the New York Times puts it, a "New Class (room) War: Teacher vs. Technology". Fortunately, the smashed-phone incident had been planned ahead of time to demonstrate teachers' anger at inattentive students distracted by high-tech gadgets.At age 55, Nazemi stands on the far shore of a new sort of generational divide between teacher and student. The divide separates those who want to use technology to grow smarter from those who wantto use it to get dumber. Perhaps there's a nicer way to put it. "The baby boomers seem to see technology as information and communication," said Michael Bugeja, the author of Interpersonal Divide: the Search for Community in a Technological Age. "Theirchildren seem to see the same devices as entertainment and socializing."All the advances schools and colleges have made to supposedly enhance learning have instead enabled distraction.Bugeja's online survey of several hundred students found that a majority had used their cell phones, sent or read e-mail, and logged onto social-network sites during class time. A quarter of the respondents admitted they were taking the survey while sitting in a different class.The Canadian company Smart Technologies makes and sells a program called SynchronEyes. It allows a classroom teacher to monitor every student's computer activity and to freeze it at a click. Last year, the company sold more than 10,000 licenses. The biggest problem, said Nancy Knowlton, the company's chief executive officer, is staying ahead of students trying to crack theprogram's code. "There's an active discussion on the Web, and we're monitoring it." Knowlton said. "They keep us on our toes."57. Prof. Nazemi smashed the student's cellphone with a hammer because ______.A. students in his class didn't listen to his announcementB. he hated new gadgets such as cellphonesC. he no longer tolerated cellphone use in the classroomD. he wanted to show how distractive the cellphone was58. According to the passage high-tech gadgets can make youngsters______.A. more intelligentB. more stupidC. study more easilyD. get more information59. "The baby boomers" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to ______.A. the generation of people like All NazemiB. the generation of people like All Nazemi's studentsC. the very young babiesD. the people who were born in the 1980s60. All the following statements are true EXCEPT ______.A. schools have used advanced devices to enhance students' learningB. many students use their cellphones during class timeC. young people see the interpersonal devices as toysD. schools' advanced facilities are effectively used by students61. The biggest problem for the Canadian company Smart Technologiesis ______.A. students may soon decode their program SynchronEyesB. whether they have the right to allow teachers to monitor studentsC. they must sell the program without the students' knowing of itD. they have to discuss whether the SynchronEyes is useful on the Web62. The best title of this passage is ______.A. Different Opinions Between Teachers and StudentsB. Classroom Chaos over Gadget UseC. The Development of Classroom WarsD. Keep Us on Our ToesPassage ThreeHand in hand with the one you love, you gaze at the horizon to watch the earth rise.It sounds like science fiction, but companies around the world are working hard to make this sort of holiday a reality. The idea ofspace tourism has been around for nearly forty years now. At first NASA made plans for the ultimate in holiday destinations, but then private companies became involved in the mid- 1980s. The Challenger shuttle disaster of 1986 postponed their plans, but now space is back as a future holiday resort.The Hilton hotel group has produced ambitious and serious plans for hotels on the moon, as well as orbiting hotels, hoping to give their space tourists' different holiday experience. But zero-gravity willbe a little uncomfortable. "There will be space motion sickness inthe first few days, with headaches and nausea." says George Turner, a hopeful space tour operator.Hotels will try to prevent these problems by providing areas with the sensation of gravity. This means going to parts of the hotel thatwill be spinning. Centrifugal (离心的) force will push you againstthe wall, and give the feeling of some weight. Since it will be possible to lie down, many people will probably prefer to sleep in these areas. The alternative will be to strap themselves into a sleeping bag attached to a wall.Sunbathing will be possible, but will require some very strong sunscreen protection factor. 1,000 will do it.However the plans all depend on one thing: cheap space travel. At the moment the only re-usable rocket is NASA's space shuttle. The cost of each shuttle launch is U.S. $1 billion. A space craft that only costs U.S. $2 million per launch is what the travel industry is looking for. So far that remains a far-off dream, but it may come a lot closer if someone wins the X-Prize.Launched in 1997, the X-Prize offers U.S. $10 million to anyone who can build a re-usable space craft. All you have to do is launch three people 100 km into space twice within three weeks. So far 16 companies are racing to win the prize money. But the real prize will be the income from space tourism, estimated to be U.S.$12 billion per year: as Turner explains: "Just think what you'll be able to tellyour friends that you had a holiday that was really out of this world!"63. The idea of spending holidays in space ______.A. was first proposed by NASA in the mid-1980sB. had been questioned by NASA for nearly 40 yearsC. became appealing to private companies in the mid-1980sD. drew the attention of private companies four decades ago64. According to Hilton, in their hotels on the moon ______.A. zero gravity will not be a problem to touristsB. motion sickness is still unavoidable for touristsC. adjustment to space life will be easier with training for touristsD. excitement may help tourists overcome their physical discomfort65. The spinning areas in space hotels will help tourists ______.A. take the sun bathB. sleep lying downC. fix their sleeping bagsD. enjoy the space walk66. What can we learn about the X-Prize?A. Its aim is to cut the cost of per space craft launch to U.S. $2 million.B. The winner has managed to put people into space twice in3 weeks.C. It's offered by NASA to build a new type of reusable space craft.D. Many companies are competing to win the U.S. $10 million prize.67. What is the attitude of Turner towards the future of space tourism?A. Confident.B. Cautious.C. Suspicious.D. Uninterested.68. The passage is focused on ______.A. why it is possible to make space tourism a realityB. what should be done to prepare for space tourismC. the plans for space tourism and the existing problemsD. the opportunities and challenges posed by space tourismPassage FourDefending the French language from the creeping invasion of English has long been a favorite pastime of France's elite. In 2006 Jacques Chirac walked out of a Brussels summit in protest at a Frenchman speaking in English. It is a point of national pride to protectFrench music, film, even advertising, from the corrupting influenceof English. So why are the French giving up the struggle?As French children filed back to school on September 2nd, Xavier Darcos, the education minister, announced that he was increasing English-language teaching in the curriculum. "I've had enough of hearing that the French do not learn English," he said. "It's a big disadvantage for international competition." By the end of compulsory schooling, he promised, all pupils should be bilingual.The French are embracing English in less high-minded ways too. When they entered a song in English at this year's Eurovision song contest, it provoked ironic amusement abroad, but indifference at home. Infact for many young French musicians singing in English is now evende rigueur. "The children of globalization are giving up writing inFrench," declared Le Monde, the bible of the French elitewithout apparent regret.Despite rules requiring advertising slogans in English to be sub-titled, French manufacturers still borrow English words. France's fashion press is another cross-dresser, writing of "Vive la fashion attitude". In a post-modern twist, teenagers are importing American slang via the heavily north African suburbs, where hip-hop flourishes and street dress is styled on New York city.Once this might have had official France speaking with indignation. The rules designed to fend off English remain--and are an obstacle to new musicians who do not qualify for the quota of radio time reserved for singers in French. Yet in the globalized, internet age, the French seem to realize, as Mr Darcos put it, that the losers from a refusal to learn English are themselves--and that speaking it need not make them less French. Part of this is down to Mr Chirac's successor, Nicolas Sarkozy, who, although no linguist, rejects the anti-Americanism that adds much hostility to English. Appropriately, the new album by his wife Carla Bruni, has a track in English--presumably not one his predecessor will listen to.69. According to the education minister Xavier Darcos,______.A. French pupils will benefit from more English learningB. it is necessary to protect the French language in schoolsC. compulsory English lessons may not be as good as expectedD. globalization has put the French language at an advantage70. What does the phrase "de rigueur" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Problematic.B. Unsuccessful.C. Tolerable.D. Proper.71. It can be learned that le Monde ______.A. strongly supports the use of EnglishB. is worrying about the rapid spread of EnglishC. feels sorry that the French prefer English over FrenchD. considers it acceptable for the French to use more English72. Which of the following fields is NOT mentioned to demonstrate the rising English influence?A. Music.B. Commerce.C. Advertising.D. Fashion.73. Compared with Mr. Chirac, President Sarkozy ______ Frenchman's using English.A. is more critical ofB. cares too much aboutC. gives more support toD. gains more profits from74. The best title for the passage is "______".A. The never-ending battle to defend the French languageB. Predominance of the English language in modern FranceC. The French hostility to the English language is relaxedD. Tension emerged between the French and English languagesPassage FiveFor much of its history, psychology has seemed obsessed with human failings and pathology. The very idea of psychotherapy, first formalized by Freud, rests on a view of human beings as troubled creatures in need of repair. Freudhimself was profoundly pessimistic about human nature, which he felt was governed by deep, dark drives that we could hardly control. The scientists who followed developed a model of human life that seemed to many mechanical if not robotic: humans were passive beings harshly shaped by the stimuli and the rewards and punishments that surrounded them.After World War Ⅱ, psychologists tried to explain how so many ordinary citizens could have agreed with fascism, and did work symbolized in the 1950 classic The Authoritarian Personality by T.W. Adorno, et al. Social psychologists followed on. Some of the most famous experiments proved that normal folk could become coldly insensitive to suffering when obeying "legitimate" orders or cruelly aggressive when playing the role of prison guard.A watershed moment arrived in 1998, when University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin Seligman, in his presidential address to the American Psychological Association, urged psychology to "turn toward understanding and building the human strengths to complement our emphasis on healing damage." That speech launched today's positive psychology movement.Though not denying humanity's flaws, the new positive psychologists recommend focusing on people's strengths and virtues as a point of departure. Rather than analyze the psychopathology underlying alcoholism, for example, positive psychologists might study the toughness of those who have managed a successful recovery--for example, through organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous. Instead of viewing religion as a delusion and a support, as did Freud, they might identify the mechanisms through which a spiritual practice like meditation enhances mental and physical health. Their lab。