复习必修五
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高三数学集合复习必修五知识点总结一、集合的概念和表示方法:1. 集合的概念:集合是由一些确定的、不重复的对象组成的整体。
2. 集合的表示方法:列举法和描述法。
3. 集合间的关系:包含关系、相等关系、交集、并集、全集、补集等。
二、集合的运算:1. 交集:A ∩ B表示既属于集合A又属于集合B的元素组成的集合。
2. 并集:A ∪ B表示属于集合A或属于集合B的元素组成的集合。
3. 差集:A - B表示属于集合A不属于集合B的元素组成的集合。
4. 对称差:A △ B表示属于集合A或属于集合B但不同时属于集合A和集合B的元素组成的集合。
三、常用集合及其性质:1. 空集:不包含任何元素的集合,记作∅。
2. 全集:包含所有元素的集合,通常记作U。
3. 子集:集合A中的所有元素都属于集合B,则称集合A是集合B的子集。
4. 幂集:集合A的所有子集组成的集合,记作P(A)。
四、集合的表示和运算的性质:1. 并集的交换律和结合律:A ∪ B = B ∪ A,(A ∪ B) ∪ C =A ∪ (B ∪ C)。
2. 交集的交换律和结合律:A ∩ B = B ∩ A,(A ∩ B) ∩ C =A ∩ (B ∩ C)。
3. 差集性质:A - B = A ∩ B',A - (B ∩ C) = (A - B) ∪(A - C)。
五、集合的数量关系:1. 元素个数:集合A的元素个数记作n(A)。
2. 互斥事件:两个事件不可能同时发生,即它们的交集为空集。
3. 集合的基本关系:包含关系、相等关系、部分关系和相交关系。
六、集合的运算律:1. 交换律:A ∪ B = B ∪ A,A ∩ B = B ∩ A。
2. 结合律:(A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ (B ∪ C),(A ∩ B) ∩ C =A ∩ (B ∩ C)。
3. 分配律:A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C),A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)。
高三语文教材复习――知识整理必修五专题一《科学之光》一、字音整理栖息(qī)胚胎(pēi) 狭隘(ài) 槲(hú)寄生摘(zhāi)要红缯(zēng) 醴酪(lǐlào)瓜瓤(ráng) 紫绡(xiāo) 龟(jūn)裂绛(jiàng)囊贮(zhù)藏蒙蘖(niâ) 斑斓(lán)粗糙(cāo) 伺(sì)机慵(yōng)懒悄(qiǎo)无声息嗜(shì)好鹰隼(sǔn)眩晕(yùn) 胆怯(qiâ) 浸渍(zì) 缀(zhuì)满婆娑(suō) 凝眸(mïu) 星宿(xiù)栅(zhà)栏精湛(zhàn) 酝酿(yùnniàng) 衔(xián)接妖娆(ráo) 蛊(gǔ)惑疱疹(pāozhěn) 妊娠(rânshēn) 磨砺(lì) 铁砧(zhēn) 掐(qiā)丝惩(chãng)罚粘(zhān)贴剥(bō)落繁衍(yǎn) 拓(tuî)宽厄(â)运沉淀(diàn) 菌(jūn)斑震撼(hàn)搀(chān)杂湮(yān)没骨骼(gã) 椽(chuán)子栈(zhàn)桥逶迤(wēiyí) 偏袒(tǎn)镌(juān)刻差不多(chà)逶迤(wēi yī)渣滓(zhāzǐ) 匍匐(púfú) 乘法( chãng ) 鲑鱼(guī) 青睐( lài ) 碾砣(niǎn)镌刻(juān)二、字音检测1下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都相同的一组是:()A 差.不多/差.劲乘.法/乘.风破浪劲.头/干劲.狭隘./方兴未艾.B 紫绡./肖像.逮.捕/力有未逮.镌.刻/隽.永供.应/口供.C 档.次/档.案潜.水/潜.力碾.砣/辗.转黄骠.马/.骠.勇D 憎.恶/缯.织砌.墙/沏.茶漂.亮/漂.白倔.强/倔.脾2下列词语中加点的字,读音不相同的一组是:()A 劲.敌遒劲.疾风劲.草刚劲.挺拔B 相.称相.逢相.机行事穷行尽相.C 号.叫呼号.北风怒号.嚎.啕大哭D 开辟.精辟.鞭辟.入里开天辟.地3 下列词语加点的字,读音不完全相同的一组是:()A 酝.酿熨.帖面有愠.色意味蕴.藉B栖.息沏.茶欺.世盗名休憩.与共C侮.辱怃.然忤.逆不孝妩.媚多姿D窗棂.羚.羊高屋建瓴.活灵.活现三、成语整理(注意使用对象和褒贬)无所适从:不知道依从谁好,不知道按哪个办法做才好。
高中英语必修五综合复习一.必修5 Unit1 Great scientists 伟大的科学家Ⅰ.单项填空1.—The party is great. —________?I didn‟t hear you clearly.It‟s too noisy here. A.Yes B.Why C.Really D.Pardon2.No matter how I tried to read it,I just couldn‟t make________of the sentence. A.meaning B.Use C.sense D.idea3.I feel it is you rather than the boy who________for being late for the speech.A.is to blame B.are to blame C.is to be blamed D.are to be blamed4.I suggested to my father that we________to Dalian for a holiday this summer,but the expression on his face suggested that he________to it.A.go;shouldn‟t agree B.would go;shouldn‟t agree C.go;didn‟t agree D.would go;didn‟t agree 5.________to strong sunlight for a long time will do harm to our skin.A.Exposed B.To expose C.Exposing D.Being exposed6.The man,suspected________having stolen the jewels of the shop,was missing last night,although he was watched over by the police.A.of B.For C.about D.with7.________cleaning the yard and making up the beds for the old,we also read newspapers for them and had chats with them.A.Except for B.Rather than C.Apart from D.Instead of8.________they visited the Science Museum,they showed great interest in everything they saw. A.The first time B.For the first time C.At first D.At the first time9.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy,saying that he was not the one________. A.blamed B.Blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed10. (2008年湖北卷)As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine,we must send for an engineer to______the problem.A.handle B.Raise C.face D.present11.________in his test papers,he didn‟t notice my coming.A.Having absorbed B.Absorbed C.Absorbing D.Being absorbed12.—Why is he feeling down today?—Because the suggestion he________has been turned down.A.put away B.put up C.put down D.put forward13.—Let‟s go for a walk,shall we? —It‟s too late now;________,it‟s beginning to rain. A.in addition B.in a word C.as a result D.in general14.My father,who is strict________his work,is quite strict________me as well.A.with;about B.about;with C.about;about D.with;with15.We were all very much attracted by the beautiful scenery________we set foot in the village. A.quickly B.Suddenly C.finally D.immediately16.The policeman are looking for people________the accident which happened last night. A.referred to B.related to C.linking to D.connecting to二.必修5 Unit 1 Great scientistsI. 单项选择1. The invention of steam engine(蒸汽机) greatly sped up the industrial revolution, which _____ a lot to the take-off of the world.A. led B . contributed C. constructed D. exposed2. From my point of view, the theory that ______ by the scientist is not quite scientific.A. was risenB. brought upC. had been raisedD. was put forward3. It is clear that no use can be made ______radium _____ we don’t know clearly the characteristics of it.A. from; ifB. of; unlessC. from; unlessD. of; if4. We have to ______ everything question in detail ______ we take action.A. conclude; beforeB. make analysis of; whenC. expose; untilD. analyze; before5. It will be many years ______the doctors and medical scientists can find _____ for cancer.A. since; curesB. when; treatmentsC. before; curesD. until; treatments6. After several years of observation, the research group ______ the conclusion that language acquisition is faster when students ______ to the situation where it is spoken.A. has come to; exposeB. have arrived at; are exposedC. has concluded; are exposedD. have reached; expose7. Samples of blood from Cholera infected patients have been sent to the blood center _______.A. to be checkedB. to be examinedC. to testD. being tested8. It has been announced by our provincial government that another two medical teams will be sent to ______ the injured people in the severe earthquake.A. join toB. join inC. take part inD. attend9. ______ the aids from the outside, the positive attitude of the disaster-stricken people _____ the key role in the reconstruction of their destroyed towns and villages.A. Except for; playsB. Besides; playC. Apart from; playsD. Except; play10. By careful observation and precise calculation, Nicolaus Copernicus _____ that there is no one center in the universe and the sun is the center of the solar system.A. believedB. thoughtC. concludedD. imagined11. Through thorough investigation, Dr. John Snow was finally able to prove that the outbreak of Cholera _____ people’s drinking of polluted water.A. was close linked withB. closely linked toC. was close connected withD. was closely linked with12. Only when people have enough to eat and plenty to wear _______ to talk about environmental protection.A. it makes senseB. does it make senseC. that it makes senseD. do they make sense13. The local police were______ by their authorities to _____ the situation as soon as possible.A. said to; controlB. ordered; manageC. instructed; handleD. told; hold14. People should be cautious ______their personal information when surfing the Internet so as to prevent certain computer viruses ______ it.A. about; to stealB. of; stealingC. with; to stealD. to; from stealing15. We the Chinese are not to be ______, ________the situation is.A. won; however disastrousB. defeated; whatever disastrousC. beaten; whatever disastrousD. lost; however disastrous16. Nicolaus Copernicus’ discovery about the universe is ______, which ______later achievements in astronomy science.A. ambitious; gave birth toB. enthusiastic; resulted inC. obvious; resulted inD. revolutionary; led to17. The manager and general engineer ____very strict ___his employees and ___ his work as well.A. is; with; inB. are; with; inC. is; with; with C. are; in; in18. When you are ______ about something, you are ______ to do whatever you can to get it.A. anxious; likelyB. eager; possibleC. enthusiastic; likelyD. concerned; probable19. I privately told him that he should not have ______ the offer of his former wife to come together again.A. given inB. rejectedC. turned backD. refuse20. The driver’s wrong gearing(挂档) was________ for the backward movement of the car, which accidentally knocked down the old woman.A. to be blamedB. blamedC. to blameD. blaming21. So ______ was he in his work that he didn’t notice that it was raining hard.A. takenB. devotedC. absorbedD. interesting22. Every day Mother sets about her housework ______ she returns from work. Which of the following is NOT OK?A. immediatelyB. the momentC. the minuteD. in no time23. The gold loop discovered in the ancient tomb _____ to be _____ in studying the history of the Jin Dynasty.A. was turned out; valuableB. proved; of great valueC. was proved; of great valuableD. proved; much valuable24. ______addition to being creative, perseverance and diligence are necessary qualities to be a good scientist.A. WithB. OfC. InD. For25. The heart is believed to _____blood into veins(血管) which are netted all over the body, thus keeping a person alive.A. giveB. donateC. circulateD. pump26. Most of the people___to the party were famous scientists.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. inviting27. The speaker spoke so loudly in order to have his voice _____.A. to be heardB. hearC. hearingD. heard28. It’s not ____ that you are ____. After all, you didn’t go to bed until 12 last night.A. surprising, tiredB. surprising, tiringC. surprised, tiringD. surprised, tired29. The question _____ at yesterday’s meeting hasn’t been made ______ yet.A. discussing, knownB. discussed, knownC. being discussed, knowD. to be discussed, know30. I saw her ____ at the windows, _____.A. seating, thoughtB. sitting, thoughtC. sat, thinkingD. seated, thinking31. The door remained ____. I didn’t know where he had gone.A. closedB. closingC. closeD. to be closed32. The boy ____ himself in the corner with his back ____ to his father.A. seat, turningB. seating, turnedC. seated, turnD. seated, turned33. ---What’s the main purpose of tonight’s meeting?---We are going to talk about the problem ____ at the last meeting.A. mentionedB. having been mentionedC. being discussedD. having discussed三.必修5 Unit 2Ⅰ.完成句子1.如果你方便的话,请给我买本书。
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必修五总复习题沁园春长沙重点词语:舸(大船)击(搏击,这里指雄鹰飞得矫健有力)怅(原指失意,这里表达由深思引起的慷慨激昂的心情)峥嵘(不平凡,不平常)稠(多)挥斥(奔放)遒(强劲有力)指点(评论)激扬(激浊扬清,抨击邪恶的,褒扬美好的)粪土(意动用法,视……如粪土)练习1、下列加点字注音有误的一项A百舸.(gě)争流峥.(zhēng )嵘.(róng ) 遒.(qiú)劲浪遏.(.è)飞舟B澄.(tèng )清吝.(lìn)啬.(sè) 瞳.(tóng )孔眺.(tiào )望C灰烬.(jìn) 惆.(chóu)怅.(chàng ) 摇曳.(yè) 拣.(jiǎn)拾D迂.(yū)回嬉.(xī)游混浊.(zhuó) 贝壳.(ké)2、下列词语书写不完全正确的一项A苍茫漫江碧透明澈开天辟地B廖廓风华正茂凄厉絮絮叨叨C驼铃书生意气曙光不屈不挠D凄婉嘻嘻哈哈颓圮以竟全功3、下列成语运用不正确的一项A你们的父辈,真正称得起开天辟地的先锋。
B我们一群群五颜六色风风火火我们年轻。
C年轻人有着如花似锦的年龄,精力充沛,才思敏捷。
D青出于蓝是历史发展的必然,我们所作的前无古人的工作已证明了这一点。
4、下列句子没有语病的一项A把“五四”以后的诗歌视为中国诗歌的一个独立阶段和特殊部分,称之为新诗,不仅因为它在时间上属于现代,更因为它反映了中国诗歌现代化的进程,是现代意义上的诗歌,这也就是新诗之所以新的所在。
B有人说,诗与政治扣得太紧,诗人忘记了自己是诗人,而更多充当政治家的头衔,这怎么能创作出真正的诗篇呢?更别说伟大了。
C比利时诗人凡尔哈伦的诗描绘了随着大都市的扩张许多农民濒于破产的景象,这对他这个来自农村的青年心中引起了强烈的共鸣。
D自由诗并不是不要韵律,而是“诗的韵律不在抑扬顿挫上,而在诗的情绪的抑扬顿挫上”。
语文必修五文言文知识归类复习余杭高级中学姜桂芳《陈情表》文言知识归纳一、通假字夙遭闵凶(通“悯”,怜悯)零丁孤苦(通“伶仃”孤独的样子)常在床蓐(通“褥”草席)四十有四(通“又”)二、古今异义古义今义九岁不行不能走路不能走路举臣秀才孤苦零丁,至于成立成人自立(组织,机构)正式建立非臣陨首所能上报报答向上级报告或刊登在报纸上欲苟顺私情,则告诉不许申诉,诉说说给别人听,让人知道臣之辛苦,非独蜀之人士及二州牧伯所见明知辛酸,苦楚身心劳苦臣欲奉诏奔驰赶快向前,奔走效力很快的跑拜臣郎中上书部的属官中医医生是以区区不能废远拳拳,形容自己的私情数量少岂敢盘桓犹疑不决的样子在一个地方来回走;逗留除臣洗马太子的属官清洗马匹臣之进退,实为狼狈进退两难狼和狈寻蒙国恩不久寻找三、词类活用是以区区不能废远形容词作动词,远离臣具以表闻动词的使动用法,使......知道且臣少仕伪朝名词作动词,做官臣欲奉诏奔驰,则刘病日笃名词作状语,一天天的夙遭闵凶形容词作名词,忧患不幸的事臣之进退动词作名词,是否出来做官之事举臣秀才名词作动词,做秀才,为秀才举臣孝廉名词作动词,做孝廉,为孝廉猥以微贱形容词作名词,微贱的身份沐浴清化形容词作名词,清明的政治教化臣不胜犬马怖惧之情名词作状语,像犬马一样凡在故老形容词作名词,年老之人四、一词多义以臣以险衅连词,因为猥以微贱介词,凭借臣具以表闻介词,用谨拜表以闻连词,表目的伏维圣朝以孝治天下介词,用臣以供养无主连词,因为于急于星火介词,比是以臣尽节于陛下之日长介词,对向之外无期工强近之亲助词,的臣之进退助词,取消句子独立性少少多疾病年岁小解鞍少驻初程稍稍少仕伪朝年青时一时多少豪杰多少志舅夺母志志向听臣微志愿望便扶向路,处处志之做标记寻向所志标志应内无应门五尺之僮照料以子之矛,攻子之盾,何如?其人弗能应也回答婴夙婴疾病缠绕,被缠绕举婴,欲投之河婴孩矜犹蒙矜育怜惜不矜名节自夸鉏耰棘矜矛、戟等武器的柄悯夙遭闵凶通“悯”,可忧患的事悯臣孤弱怜惜,悲痛薄门衰祚薄浅薄日薄西山迫近,靠近厚古薄今轻视,看不起期会天大雨,道不通,度已失期一定的期限今夜半,方期我决斗某所约定,约会良剑期乎断希望,要求外无期功强近之亲(一周年,一整月)此指穿一周年孝服的人疾而刘夙婴疾病病(一般的生病)凡牧民者必知其疾痛苦,疾苦寡人有疾,寡人好货缺点,毛病吾疾贫富之不均,今为汝均之厌恶,憎恶疾风知劲草迅猛,急速嫉恶如仇厌恶,憎恶除除臣洗马授予官职黎明即起,洒扫庭除台阶攘除奸凶除掉五、文言句式非臣陨首所能上报判断句式今臣亡国贱俘判断句式臣之辛苦,非独蜀之人士及二州牧伯所见明知判断句式急于星火介宾后置是以臣尽节于陛下之日长介宾后置而刘夙婴疾病被动句臣无祖母,无以至今日固定句式,“无以”,没有用来……的方法天山居士《兰亭集序》文言知识归纳【古今异义】其次古义:其,代词,指曲水。
正余弦定理:1.在△ABC 中,a =4,A =45°,B =60°,则边b 的值为( ) A .2 6 B .2+2 3 C.3+1D .23+1解析:由正弦定理,有a sin A =b sin B , ∴b =a sin B sin A =4×sin60°sin45°=2 6. 答案:A2.在△ABC 中,a =15,b =10,A =60°,则cos B 等于( ) A .-223 B.223 C .-63D.63解析:根据正弦定理a sin A =b sin B ,可得15sin60°=10sin B ,解得sin B =33,又因为b <a ,则B <A ,故B 为锐角,所以cos B =1-sin 2B =63.答案:D3.(2012·重庆卷)设△ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,且cos A =35,cos B =513,b =3,则c =________.解析:在△ABC 中,∵cos A =35>0,∴sin A =45. ∵cos B =513>0,∴sin B =1213. ∴sin C =sin[π-(A +B )]=sin(A +B ) =sin A cos B +cos A sin B =45×513+35×1213=5665. 由正弦定理知b sin B =csin C ,∴c =b sin C sin B =3×56651213=145.答案:1454.在△ABC 中,a =4,b =4,C =30°,则c 2等于( ) A .32-16 3 B .32+16 3 C .16D .48解析:由余弦定理得c 2=a 2+b 2-2ab cos C =42+42-2× 4×4×32=32-16 3. 答案:A5.在△ABC 中,a 2-c 2+b 2=-3ab ,则角C =( ) A .60° B .45°或135° C .150°D .30°解析:cos C =a 2+b 2-c 22ab =-3ab 2ab =-32. ∵0°<C <180°,∴C =150°. 答案:C6.△ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,若a ,b ,c 满足b 2=ac ,且c =2a ,则cos B =( )A.14B.34C.24D.23解析:因为b 2=ac 且c =2a ,由余弦定理:cos B =a 2+c 2-b 22ac =a 2+c 2-ac 2ac =a 2+4a 2-2a 24a 2=34,故选B.答案:B7.在△ABC 中,AB =5,AC =3,BC =7,则AB →·AC →等于( ) A.152B .-152C.1532D .15解析:∵cos A =AB 2+AC 2-BC 22AB ·AC =52+32-722×5×3=-12, ∴AB →·AC →=|AB →|·|AC →|·cos A =5×3×(-12)=-152,故选B. 答案:B8.甲、乙二人同时从A 点出发,甲沿着正东方向走,乙沿着北偏东30°方向走,当乙走了2千米到达B 点时,两人距离恰好为3千米,那么这时甲走的距离是( )A .23千米B .2千米 C.3千米D .1千米解析:假设甲走到了C ,则在△ABC 中,由余弦定理得BC 2=AB 2+AC 2-2AB ·AC ·cos60°,即(3)2=22+AC 2-2×2AC ·12,解得AC =1.故选D.9.在一幢20 m 高的楼顶,测得对面一塔吊顶的仰角为60°,塔基的俯角为45°,那么塔吊的高是( )A .20(1+33)m B .20(1+3)m C .10(6+2)m D .20(6+2)m解析:如图,AB 表示楼高,CD 表示塔吊高,过A 作AE ⊥CD ,则EC =AE =20,在Rt △AED 中,DE =AE tan60°=203,∴CD =CE +ED =20+203=20(1+3)m.答案:B10.在△ABC 中,A =60°,AB =2,且△ABC 的面积S △ABC =32,则边BC 的长为( ) A. 3 B .3 C.7D .7解析:∵S △ABC =12AB ·AC sin A =32,∴AC =1. 由余弦定理可得BC 2=AB 2+AC 2-2AB ·AC cos A =4+1-2×2×1×cos60°=3. 即BC = 3. 答案:A11.已知等腰三角形的底边长为6,一腰长为12,则顶角的余弦值为________.9.一船以每小时15 km 的速度向东航行,船在A 处看到一个灯塔B 在北偏东60°,行驶4 h 后,船到达C 处,看到这个灯塔在北偏东15°,这时船与灯塔的距离为________km.解析:如图,在△ABC 中,AC =4×15=60,∠BAC =30°,∠ACB =105°, ∴∠ABC =45°. ∴BC =AC ·sin30°sin45°=60×1222=30 2 (km).答案:30 212.在△ABC 中,已知a =5,b =7,B =120°,则△ABC 的面积为________. 解析:由余弦定理得b 2=a 2+c 2-2ac cos B即c 2+5c =24,解得c =3,∴S △ABC =12ac sin B =12×5×3sin120°=1534. 答案:153413.已知在△ABC 中,A =60°,最大边和最小边的长是方程3x 2-27x +32=0的两实根,那么边BC 的长为________.解析:设方程3x 2-27x +32=0的两根分别为b ,c 由题意可知⎩⎨⎧b +c =9bc =323,由余弦定理可知BC 2=b 2+c 2-2bc cos60° =(b +c )2-3bc =81-32=49, ∴BC =7. 答案:714.(15分)(2012·浙江卷)在△ABC 中,内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,且b sin A =3a cos B .(1)求角B 的大小;(2)若b =3,sin C =2sin A ,求a ,c 的值.解:(1)由b sin A =3a cos B 及正弦定理a sin A =bsin B ,得 sin B =3cos B .所以tan B =3,所以B =π3.(2)由sin C =2sin A 及a sin A =csin C ,得c =2a .由b =3及余弦定理b 2=a 2+c 2-2ac cos B ,得9=a 2+c 2-ac . 所以a =3,c =2 3.15.(15分)在锐角三角形ABC 中,a ,b ,c 分别为角A ,B ,C 所对的边,且3a =2c sin A .(1)确定角C 的大小;(2)若c =7,且△ABC 的面积为332,求a +b 的值. 解:(1)由3a =2c sin A 及正弦定理得, a c =2sin A 3=sin A sin C . ∵sin A ≠0,∴sin C =32. ∵△ABC 是锐角三角形,∴C =π3. (2)∵c =7,C =π3,由面积公式得 12ab sin π3=332,即ab =6. ① 由余弦定理得a 2+b 2-2ab cos π3=7,即a 2+b 2-ab =7. ②由②变形得(a +b )2=3ab +7. ③ 将①代入③得(a +b )2=25,故a +b =5.数列基本运算:1.数列{a n }中,a 1=5,a n +1=4a n ,则( ) A .a 2=9 B .a 2=45C .a n +1=4a n 是通项公式D .a 2=20解析:a 2=4a 1=4×5=20. 答案:D2.数列{a n }中,a 1=2,a 2=3,a n =a n -1a n -2(n >2),则a 4等于( ) A .2 B .3 C .6D .18解析:a 3=a 2a 1=3×2=6,a 4=a 3a 2=6×3=18.答案:D3.在数列{a n }中,a 1=1,a n +1=a n +1,则a 2 011等于( ) A .2 009 B .2 010 C .2 011D .2 012解析:由于a n +1-a n =1,则数列{a n }是等差数列,且公差d =1,则a n =a 1+(n -1)d =n ,∴a 2 011=2 011.4.若x ≠y ,且x ,a 1,a 2,y 和x ,b 1,b 2,b 3,y 各自都成等差数列,则a 2-a 1b 2-b 1=________.解析:由题知a 2-a 1=d 1=y -x 3,b 2-b 1=d 2=y -x4, ∴a 2-a 1b 2-b 1=43. 答案:435.首项为-24的等差数列,从第10项起为正数,则公差的取值范围是( ) A .(83,+∞) B .(-∞,3) C .[83,3)D .(83,3]解析:设公差为d ,则a n =-24+(n -1)d ,a 9=-24+8d ,a 10=-24+9d , ∵从第10项起为正数,∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a 9≤0,a 10>0,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧-24+8d ≤0,-24+9d >0,即83<d ≤3. 答案:D6.已知{a n }为等差数列,a 1+a 3+a 5=105,a 2+a 4+a 6=99,则a 20等于( ) A .-1 B .1 C .3D .7解析:方法1:∵a 1+a 3+a 5=105,即3a 3=105,解得 a 3=35,同理a 2+a 4+a 6=99,得a 4=33, ∵d =a 4-a 34-3=33-351=-2.∴a 20=a 4+(20-4)d =33+16×(-2)=1.方法2:由a 1+a 3+a 5=105,得a 1+a 1+2d +a 1+4d =3a 1+6d =105,由a 2+a 4+a 6=99,得a 1+d +a 1+3d +a 1+5d =3a 1+9d =99,所以⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 3a 1+6d =105,3a 1+9d =99,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 1=39,d =-2.∴a 20=39+(20-1)×(-2)=1.方法3:∵a 1+a 3+a 5=105,a 2+a 4+a 6=99,∴(a 2+a 4+a 6)-(a 1+a 3+a 5)=(a 2-a 1)+(a 4-a 3)+(a 6-a 5)=3d =99-105=-6. 解得d =-2,又a 1+a 3+a 5=105,得a 3=35, a 20=a 3+(20-3)d =35+17×(-2)=1. 答案:B7.(10分)已知等差数列{a n }中,a 3a 7=-12,a 4+a 6=-4.求它的通项公式.解:依题意⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a 3·a 7=-12,a 3+a 7=-4, ∴a 3,a 7是方程x 2+4x -12=0的两根,∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 3=-6,a 7=2,或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 3=2,a 7=-6.当a 3=-6,a 7=2时,d =a 7-a 37-3=2,a n =a 7+(n -7)×d =2n -12,同理当a 3=2,a 7=-6时,a n =-2n +8.8.在等差数列{a n }中,S 10=120,那么a 1+a 10的值是( ) A .12 B .24 C .36D .48解析:S 10=10(a 1+a 10)2=5(a 1+a 10)=120, ∴a 1+a 10=24. 答案:B9.等差数列{a n }中,a 5=10,S 3=3,则( ) A .a 1=-2,d =3 B .a 1=2,d =-3 C .a 1=-3,d =2 D .a 1=3,d =-2解析:∵S 3=a 1+a 2+a 3=3a 2=3,∴a 2=1. 又a 5=10,∴d =a 5-a 25-2=10-13=3.∴a 1=a 2-d =1-3=-2. 答案:A10.在等差数列{a n }中,a 1+3a 8+a 15=20,则数列前15项的和S 15的值为( ) A .60 B .22 C .20D .-8解析:∵a 1+3a 8+a 15=20,∴5a 8=20, ∴a 8=4.∴S 15=15(a 1+a 15)2=15a 8=15×4=60. 答案:A11.已知数列{a n }中,a 1=-60,a n +1=a n +3,则|a 1|+|a 2|+|a 3|+…+|a 30|等于( ) A .445 B .765 C .1080D .1305解析:∵a n +1=a n +3,∴a n +1-a n =3为常数,故{a n }为等差数列. ∴a n =-60+(n -1)×3,即a n =3n -63∴a n =0时,n =21;a n >0时,n >21;a n <0时,n <21 ∴S 30′=|a 1|+|a 2|+…+|a 30|=-a 1-a 2-a 3-…-a 21+a 22+a 23+…+a 30 =-2(a 1+a 2+…+a 21)+S 30 =-2S 21+S 30 =765.故选B.12.等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,若S 3=-6,S 18-S 15=18,则S 18等于( ) A .36 B .18 C .72D .9解析:由S 3,S 6-S 3,…,S 18-S 15成等差数列知S 18=S 3+(S 6-S 3)+(S 9-S 6)+…+(S 18-S 15)=6×(-6+18)2=36. 答案:A13.等差数列{a n }与{b n },它们的前n 项之和分别为S n 与S ′n ,如S nS ′n =7n +14n +27(n ∈N *),则a 11b 11的值是( )A.74B.32C.43D.7871解析:a 11b 11=2a 112b 11=a 1+a 21b 1+b 21=212(a 1+a 21)212(b 1+b 21)=S 21S ′21=7×21+14×21+27=148111=43. 答案:C14.在等比数列{a n }中,a 2 010=8a 2 007,则公比q 的值为( ) A .2 B .3 C .4D .8解析:a 2 010a 2 007=q 3=8,∴q =2.答案:A15.已知等比数列{a n }的公比为正数,且a 3·a 9=2a 25,a 2=1,则a 1等于( )A.12B.22C. 2D .2解析:设公比为q ,由已知得a 1q 2a 1q 8=2(a 1q 4)2, 则q 2=2,因为等比数列{a n }的公比为正数, 所以q = 2.所以a 1=a 2q =12=22.答案:B16.已知等差数列{a n }的公差d ≠0,它的第1、5、17项顺次成等比数列,则这个等比数列的公比是( )A .4B .3C .2D.12解析:设公差为d ,则a 25=a 1a 17,即(a 1+4d )2=a 1(a 1+16d ),整理,得a 1=2d . 所以a 5a 1=a 1+4d a 1=2d +4d 2d =3.答案:B17.已知等比数列{a n }中,各项都是正数,且a 1,12a 3,2a 2成等差数列,则a 9+a 10a 7+a 8=( ) A .1+ 2 B .1- 2 C .3+2 2D .3-2 2解析:设数列{a n }的公比为q (q ≠0), 因为a 1,12a 3,2a 2成等差数列, 则a 1+2a 2=a 3,即a 1+2a 1q =a 1q 2. 则1+2q =q 2,解得q =1±2. 又等比数列{a n }中,各项都是正数, 则q >0, 则q =1+ 2.所以a 9+a 10a 7+a 8=(a 7+a 8)q 2a 7+a 8=q 2=(1+2)2=3+2 2.答案:C18.等比数列{a n }是递增数列,若a 5-a 1=60,a 4-a 2=24,则公比q 为( ) A.12 B .2 C.12或-2D .2或12解析:由已知得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 1q 4-a 1=60 ①a 1q 3-a 1q =24 ②,①②得a 1(q 4-1)a 1q (q 2-1)=52,即q 2+1q =52, 解得q =12或2,当q =2时代入①得a 1=4,{a n }是递增数列; 当q =12时,得a 1=-64,{a n }也是递增数列. 答案:D19.已知1,a 1,a 2,4成等差数列,1,b 1,b 2,b 3,4成等比数列,则a 1+a 2b 2的值为________.解析:方法1:∵a 1+a 2=1+4=5, b 22=1×4=4,且b 2与1,4同号, ∴b 2=2,∴a 1+a 2b 2=52=2.5.方法2:设等差数列的公差为d ,等比数列的公比为q , ∵1+3d =4,∴d =1, ∴a 1=2,a 2=3.∵q 4=4.∴q 2=2,∴b 2=q 2=2. ∴a 1+a 2b 2=2+32=2.5.答案:2.520.等比数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,且4a 1,2a 2,a 3成等差数列,若a 1=1,则S 4=( ) A .7 B .8 C .15D .16解析:∵4a 1,2a 2,a 3成等差数列,∴4a 1+a 3=4a 2,即4a 1+a 1q 2=4a 1q , ∴q 2-4q +4=0,∴q =2,S 4=15. 答案:C21.设等比数列{a n }的公比q =2,前n 项和为S n ,则S 4a 2等于( )A .2B .4 C.152D.172解析:S 4=a 1(1-24)1-2=15a 1,a 2=a 1q =2a 1,∴S 4a 2=152.答案:C22.等比数列{a n }的各项均为正数,且a 5a 6+a 2a 9=18,则log 3a 1+log 3a 2+…+log 3a 10的值为( )A .12B .10C .8D .2+log 35解析:由题可知log 3a 1+log 3a 2+…+log 3a 10=log 3(a 1a 2…a 10)=log 3(a 5a 6)5,又因为在等比数列中a 5a 6+a 2a 9=18,所以a 5a 6=9,代入求解得原式的值为10,故选B.答案:B23.一个等比数列的前7项和为48,前14项和为60,则前21项和为( )A .180B .108C .75D .63解析:由题意S 7,S 14-S 7,S 21-S 14组成等比数列48,12,3,即S 21-S 14=3,∴S 21=63. 答案:D24.已知数列{a n }前n 项和S n =-2n 2+3n ,则a n =________. 解析:当n =1时,a 1=S 1=-2+3=1. 当n ≥2时,a n =S n -S n -1=-2n 2+3n +2(n -1)2-3(n -1)=-4n +5. 又当n =1时,-4×1+5=1, 故n =1时满足a n =-4n +5. ∴a n =-4n +5. 答案:-4n +525.等差数列{a n }中,若S 12=8S 4,且d ≠0,则a 1d =________.解析:∵S 12=8S 4,∴12a 1+12×112d =8(4a 1+4×32d ). ∴20a 1=18d . ∴a 1d =1820=910. 答案:91026.(10分)已知{a n }是等差数列,其前n 项和为S n ,已知a 3=11,S 9=153,求{a n }的通项公式.解:由题意可知⎩⎨⎧a 1+2d =11,9a 1+9×82d =153,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧d =3,a 1=5.∴{a n }的通项公式为a n =3n +2.27.(15分)在等比数列{a n }中,a 4=23,a 3+a 5=209. (1)求数列{a n }的通项公式;(2)若数列{a n }的公比大于1,且b n =log 3a n2,求数列{b n }的前n 项和S n . 解:(1)设等比数列{a n }的公比为q ,则q ≠0,a 4q +a 4q =209, ∵a 4=23,∴1q +q =103,解得q =13或q =3. 当q =13时,a 1=18, ∴a n =18×(13)n -1=2×33-n ; 当q =3时,a 1=281, ∴a n =281×3n -1=2×3n -5.(2)由(1)及数列{a n }的公比大于1,得q =3,a n =2×3n -5,b n =log 3a n2=log 33n -5=n -5. b n -b n -1=1(常数),b 1=-4.∴数列{b n }是首项为-4,公差为1的等差数列, ∴S n =n (b 1+b n )2=12n 2-92n . 28.(10分)等比数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,已知S 1,S 3,S 2成等差数列. (1)求{a n }的公比q ; (2)若a 1-a 3=3,求S n .解:(1)依题意有a 1+(a 1+a 1q )=2(a 1+a 1q +a 1q 2), 由于a 1≠0,故2q 2+q =0. 又q ≠0,从而q =-12.(2)由已知可得a 1-a 1(-12)2=3,解得a 1=4. 从而S n =4[1-(-12)n]1-(-12)=83[1-(-12)n].不等式:1.某同学拿50元钱买纪念邮票,票面8角的每套5张,票面2元的每套4张,如果每种邮票至少买两套,那么买票面8角的x 套与票面2元的y 套用不等式表示为( )A.⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ≥2,x ∈N ,y ≥2,y ∈N ,0.8×5x +2×4y ≤50B.⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ≤2,y ≤2,0.8×5x +2×4y ≤50C.⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ≥2,y ≥2D .0.8×5x +2×4y ≤50 答案:A2.已知a >b ,c >d ,则( ) A .ac >bd B .a 2>b 2 C .c 2>d 2D .a -d >b -c解析:由于a ,b ,c ,d 的符号不明确,故无法应用不等式的可乘性及乘方性,故A ,B ,C 均错;又-c <-d ,a >b ,∴a -d >b -c ,故D 正确. 答案:D3.已知a +b >0,b <0,则a ,b ,-a ,-b 的大小关系为( ) A .a >b >-b >-a B .a >-b >-a >b C .a >-b >b >-aD .a >b >-a >-b解析:∵a +b >0,b <0,∴a >0,a >-b 且b >-a ,对于-b 与b ,∵b <0,∴-b >b .由不等式传递性知a >-b >b >-a .答案:C4.已知a <b <0,则下列不等式一定成立的是( ) A .a 2<ab B.1b <1a <0 C .|a |<|b |D .(12)a <(12)b解析:取特殊值验证可得. 答案:B5.若α,β满足-π2<α<β<π2,则α-β的取值范围是( ) A .-π<α-β<π B .-π<α-β<0 C .-π2<α-β<π2D .-π2<α-β<0解析:∵-π2<α<β<π2,∴-π<α-β<0. 答案:B6.设集合A ={x |x 2-1<0},B ={x |x 2-3x <0},则A ∩B 等于( ) A .{x |-1<x <1} B .{x |0<x <3} C .{x |0<x <1}D .{x |-1<x <3}解析:由已知得A ={x |-1<x <1},B ={x |0<x <3},∴A ∩B ={x |0<x <1}. 答案:C7.函数f (x )=-x 2+4x -3+14x -5的定义域为( )A .{x |1≤x ≤3}B .{x |1≤x ≤3,且x ≠54} C .{x |x ≥3,或x ≤1} D .{x |x ≠54} 答案:B8.二次方程ax 2+bx +c =0的两根为-2,3,a <0,那么ax 2+bx +c >0的解集为( ) A .{x |x >3,或x <-2} B .{x |x >2,或x <-3} C .{x |-2<x <3}D .{x |-3<x <2}解析:由已知得a (x +2)(x -3)>0(a <0), 即(x +2)(x -3)<0,解得-2<x <3. 答案:C9.已知集合A ={x |3x -2-x 2<0},B ={x |x -a <0},且B A ,则a 的取值范围是( ) A .a ≤1 B .1<a ≤2 C .a >2D .a ≤2解析:集合A 中:x ∈(-∞,1)∪(2,+∞),集合B 中:x ∈(-∞,a ), 由B A ,则a ≤1. 答案:A10.已知函数f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x +2,x ≤0,-x +2,x >0,则不等式f (x )≥x 2的解集为( )A .[-1,1]B .[-2,2]C .[-2,1]D .[-1,2]解析:不等式f (x )≥x 2等价于⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ≤0,x +2≥x 2, 或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x >0,-x +2≥x 2.解得-1≤x ≤1. 答案:A11.函数f (x )=lg 1-x x -4的定义域为( )A .(1,4)B .[1,4)C .(-∞,1)∪(4,+∞)D .(-∞,1]∪(4,+∞)解析:1-x x -4>0⇒(x -1)(x -4)<0.∴1<x <4. 答案:A12.不等式-1<1x <1的解集为( ) A .{x |x <-1,或x >1} B .{x |-1<x <0,或0<x <1} C .{x |x <0,或x >1} D .{x |x >1}解析:-1<1x <1⇔⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧1x <1,1x >-1⇔⎩⎨⎧x -1x >0,x +1x >0⇔⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x <0或x >1,x <-1或x >0⇔x <-1或x >1. 答案:A13.若不等式ax 2+4x +a >1-2x 2对任意实数x 均成立,则实数a 的取值范围是( ) A .a ≥2或a ≤-3 B .a >2或a ≤-3 C .a >2D .-2<a <2解析:原不等式可化为(a +2)x 2+4x +a -1>0, 显然a =-2时不等式不恒成立. 所以要使不等式对于任意的x 均成立,则a +2>0,且Δ<0,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a +2>0,16-4(a +2)(a -1)<0,解得a >2.也可利用特殊值代入的办法进行排除. 答案:C14.已知点P 1(0,0),P 2(1,1),P 3(13,0),则在3x +2y -1≥0表示的平面区域内的点是( )A .P 1,P 2B .P 1,P 3C .P 2,P 3D .P 2解析:分别将P 1,P 2,P 3点坐标代入3x +2y -1,比较发现只有3×0+2×0-1=-1<0,故P 1点不在此平面区域内,P 2,P 3均在此平面区域内.故选C.答案:C15.(2012·山东卷)设变量x ,y满足约束条件⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x +2y ≥2,2x +y ≤4,4x -y ≥-1,则目标函数z =3x -y的取值范围是( )A.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-32,6 B.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-32,-1 C.[]-1,6D.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-6,32 解析:利用线性规划的知识求解.作出不等式组表示的可行域,如图阴影部分所示,作直线3x -y =0,并向上、下平移,又直线y =3x -z 的斜率为3.由图象知当直线y =3x -z 经过点A (2,0)时z 取最大值6, 当直线y =3x -z 经过点B (12,3)时,z 取最小值-32. ∴z =3x -y 的取值范围为[-32,6].故选A.答案:A16.(2012·辽宁卷)设变量x ,y 满足⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y ≤10,0≤x +y ≤20,0≤y ≤15,则2x +3y 的最大值为( )A .20B .35C .45D .55解析:根据题意画出不等式组表示的平面区域,然后求值.不等式组表示的区域如图所示,所以过点A (5,15)时2x +3y 的值最大,此时2x +3y =55.答案:D17.若实数x ,y 满足⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y +1≤0,x >0,则yx 的取值范围是( ) A .(0,1) B .(0,1] C .(1,+∞) D .[1,+∞)解析:⎩⎨⎧x -y +1≤0,x >0所表示的可行域如下图.而yx 表示可行域内任一点与坐标原点连线的斜率,过点O 与直线AB 平行的直线l 的斜率为1,l 绕点O 逆时针转动必与AB 相交,直线OB 的倾斜角为90°,因此yx 的范围为(1,+∞).答案:C18.若1a x 2+bx +a >0的解集是{x |2<x <8},则a =________,b =________. 解析:方程1a x 2+bx +a =0的两根为2,8,且a <0.∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ab =-10,a 2=16,∴⎩⎨⎧a =-4,b =52.答案:-4 5219.已知x ,y 满足⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y ≤x ,x +y ≤1,y ≥-1,则z =2x +y 取最大值时点的坐标为________.解析:不等式组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y ≤x ,x +y ≤1,y ≥-1所表示的可行域如图所示.当平行直线系z =2x +y 经过点A (2,-1)时,目标函数z =2x +y 取得最大值.答案:(2,-1)20.已知x ,y 满足⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y +5≥0,x ≤3,x +y +k ≥0,且z =2x +4y 的最小值为-6,则常数k =________.解析:由条件作出可行域如下图.根据图象知,目标函数过x +y +k =0与x =3的交点(3,-3-k )时取最小值,代入目标函数得-6=2×3+4×(-3-k ),∴k =0.21.某加工厂用某原料由甲车间加工出A 产品,由乙车间加工出B 产品.甲车间加工一箱原料需耗费工时10小时可加工出7千克A 产品,每千克A 产品获利40元.乙车间加工一箱原料需耗费工时6小时可加工出4千克B 产品,每千克B 产品获利50元.甲、乙两车间每天能完成至多70箱原料的加工,每天甲、乙车间耗费工时总和不得超过480小时,甲、乙两车间每天总获利最大的生产计划为( )A .甲车间加工原料10箱,乙车间加工原料60箱B .甲车间加工原料15箱,乙车间加工原料55箱C .甲车间加工原料18箱,乙车间加工原料50箱D .甲车间加工原料40箱,乙车间加工原料30箱解析:设甲车间加工x 箱原料,乙车间加工y 箱原料,甲、乙两车间每天总获利为z 元.依题意得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧10x +6y ≤480,x +y ≤70,x ,y ∈N *,z =7×40x +4×50y =280x +200y , 画出可行域如图阴影部分,联立⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 10x +6y =480,x +y =70⇒⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =15,y =55.知z 在A 点取得最大值,故选B. 答案:B22.下列选项中正确的是( ) A .当a ,b ∈R 时,a b +b a ≥2a b ×b a =2B .当a >1,b >1时,lg a +lg b ≥2lg a lg bC .当a ∈R 时,a +9a ≥2a ×9a =6D .当ab <0时,-ab -1ab ≤-2解析:选项A 中,可能ba <0,所以A 不正确; 选项C 中,当a <0时,a +9a <0,所以C 不正确; 选项D 中,当ab <0时,-ab >0,-1ab >0, 则-ab -1ab ≥2,当且仅当-ab =-1ab ,即ab =-1时取等号,所以D 不正确; 很明显,选项B 中当a >1,b >1时,lg a >0,lg b >0, 则lg a +lg b ≥2lg a lg b 成立,所以B 正确. 答案:B23.设a >b >0,下列不等式中不正确的是( )A .ab <a 2+b 22 B .ab <(a +b 2)2C.2ab a +b>ab D.ab >2aba +b解析:2ab a +b <2ab2ab =ab .答案:C24.已知a >0,b >0,a +b =4,则下列各式中正确的不等式是( ) A.1a +1b ≤14 B.1a +1b ≥1 C.ab ≥2D.1ab ≥1解析:由a >0,b >0,知a +b2≥ab . 又a +b =4,∴ab ≤4,∴1ab ≥14. ∴1a +1b =a +b ab =4ab ≥1, 即1a +1b ≥1. 答案:B25.如果0<a <b 且a +b =1,那么下列四个数中最大的是( ) A.12 B .b C .2abD .a 2+b 2解析:由0<a <b 且a +b =1知,b >12,ab <a 2+b 22,于是ab <ab +a 2+b 222=(a +b 2)2=14,2ab <12.由b >12,2ab >a ,于是b >a +b -2ab =1-2ab =(a +b )2-2ab =a 2+b 2.答案:B26.已知f (x )=(12)x ,a ,b ∈R +,A =f (a +b 2),G =f (ab ),H =f (2ab a +b ),则A ,G ,H的大小关系是( )A .A ≤G ≤HB .A ≤H ≤GC .G ≤H ≤AD .H ≤G ≤A解析:∵a >0,b >0,∴a +b 2≥ab ≥21a +1b =2ab a +b.又∵函数f (x )=(12)x 是减函数,∴A ≤G ≤H .故选A.答案:A27.下列结论正确的是( ) A .当x >0且x ≠1时,lg x +1lg x ≥2B .当x >0时,x +1x≥2 C .当x ≥2时,x +1x 的最小值为2 D .当0<x ≤2时,x -1x 无最大值解析:选项A 中,当x >0且x ≠1时,lg x 不一定是正数,所以A 不正确; 选项C 中,当x ≥2时,x +1x ≥2x ·1x =2中的等号不成立,所以C 不正确;选项D 中,当0<x ≤2时,可以证明函数y =x -1x 是增函数,则其最大值是f (2)=32,所以D 不正确;选项B 中,满足基本不等式的条件一正二定三相等,所以B 正确. 答案:B28.(2012·浙江卷)若正数x ,y 满足x +3y =5xy ,则3x +4y 的最小值是( ) A.245 B.285 C .5D .6解析:∵x >0,y >0,由x +3y =5xy 得15⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1y +3x =1.∴3x +4y =15(3x +4y )⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1y +3x=15⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫3xy +4+9+12y x =135+15⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫3x y +12y x≥135+15×23x y ·12yx =5(当且仅当x =2y 时取等号),∴3x +4y 的最小值为5. 答案:C29.设a >0,b >0.若3是3a 与3b 的等比中项,则1a +1b 的最小值为( ) A .8 B .4 C .1D.14解析:因为3a ·3b =3. 所以a +b =1.1a +1b =(a +b )(1a +1b )=2+b a +a b ≥2+2b a ·a b =4.当且仅当b a =ab 即a =b =12时“=”成立,故选B.答案:B30.若x >0,则5-2x -1x 有________值是________. 解析:∵x >0,∴2x +1x ≥22x ·1x =22,当且仅当x =22时等号成立. ∴5-2x -1x ≤5-2 2. 答案:最大 5-2 231.函数y =a 1-x (a >0,a ≠1)的图象恒过定点A ,若点A 在直线mx +ny -1=0(mn >0)上,则1m +1n 的最小值为________.解析:由题意知A (1,1),∴m +n =1, ∴1m +1n =(1m +1n )(m +n )=2+n m +mn ≥4, 当且仅当m =n 时“=”成立.答案:432.若x +2y =1,则2x +4y 的最小值为________. 解析:∵2x +4y =2x +22y ≥22x ·22y =22x +2y =22,当且仅当x =2y =12时上式等号成立.答案:2 233.当x >12时,函数y =x +82x -1的最小值为________.解析:设t =2x -1,∵x >12,∴2x -1>0,即t >0.∴y =t +12+8t =t 2+8t +12≥2t 2·8t +12=92. 当且仅当t 2=8t ,即t =4,即x =52时,取等号.答案:9232.(10分)解下列不等式: (1)-x 2+2x -23>0;(2)-1<x 2+2x -1≤2.解:(1)两边都乘以-3,得3x 2-6x +2<0,因为3>0,且方程3x 2-6x +2=0的解是x 1=1-33,x 2=1+33,所以原不等式的解集是{x |1-33<x <1+33}.(2)原不等式等价于⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2+2x -1>-1,x 2+2x -1≤2,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2+2x >0, ①x 2+2x -3≤0. ②由①得x (x +2)>0,所以x <-2或x >0; 由②得(x +3)(x -1)≤0,所以-3≤x ≤1.所以原不等式的解集为{x |-3≤x <-2,或0<x ≤1}. 33.(10分)画出不等式组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y +6≥0,x +y ≥0,x ≤3所表示的平面区域,并求平面区域的面积.解:不等式组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y +6≥0,x +y ≥0,x ≤3所表示的平面区域如图所示.因此,其区域面积也就是△ABC 的面积. A (-3,3),B (3,-3),C (3,9), 故S △ABC =12×12×6=36. 故不等式组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -y +6≥0,x +y ≥0,x ≤3所表示的平面区域的面积等于36.34.(10分)在△ABC 中,a ,b 是方程x 2-23x +2=0的两根,且2cos(A +B )=1. (1)求角C 的度数;(2)求c ;(3)求△ABC 的面积. 解:(1)∵2cos(A +B )=1, ∴cos C =-12.∴角C 的度数为120°.(2)∵a ,b 是方程x 2-23x +2=0的两根, ∴a +b =23,ab =2.由余弦定理,得c 2=a 2+b 2-2ab cos C=(a +b )2-2ab (cos C +1)=12-2=10,∴c =10. (3)S =12ab sin C =32.35.(12分)已知公差不为零的等差数列{a n }中,a 1=1,且a 1,a 3,a 13成等比数列. (1)求数列{a n }的通项公式;(2)设b n =2a n ,求数列{b n }的前n 项和S n . 解:(1)设等差数列{a n }的公差为d (d ≠0),由a 1,a 3,a 13成等比数列,得a 23=a 1·a 13即(1+2d )2=1+12d ,得d =2或d =0(舍去).故d =2, 所以a n =2n -1. (2)b n =2a n =22n -1,所以数列{b n }是以2为首项,4为公比的等比数列.∴S n =2+23+25+…+22n -1=2(1-4n)1-4=23(4n-1).36.(12分)等差数列{a n }中,a 1=1,前n 项和S n 满足条件S 2nS n=4,n =1,2,…,(1)求数列{a n }的通项公式和S n ;(2)记b n =a n ·2n -1,求数列{b n }的前n 项和T n . 解:(1)设等差数列{a n }的公差为d ,由S 2nS n=4,得a 1+a 2a 1=4,所以a 2=3a 1=3,且d =a 2-a 1=2.所以a n =a 1+(n -1)d =1+2(n -1)=2n -1, S n =n (1+2n -1)2=n 2.(2)由b n =a n ·2n -1,得b n =(2n -1)·2n -1. 所以T n =1+3·21+5·22+…+(2n -1)·2n -1,① 2T n =2+3·22+5·23+…+(2n -3)·2n -1+(2n -1)·2n ,② ①-②得-T n =1+2·2+2·22+…+2·2n -1-(2n -1)·2n=2(1+2+22+…+2n-1)-(2n-1)·2n-1=2(1-2n)1-2-(2n-1)·2n-1.所以T n=(2n-1)·2n+1-(2n+1-2) =(n-1)·2n+1-2n+3.。
一、单词拼写(须用本单元的单词和词汇)1. This suggestion r________careful thought2. The teacher is in a bad m_________today.3. He has built an e_______house.4, James can i______his father's speech perfectly.5. The new plane goes at an a________speed.6. You can't i_____Jack living on the lonely island alone.7.Your i_____of a person or thing is what you think they are like, usually after having seen or heard them,8. A s_______is a place where people have come to live and havebuilt homes.9. Your p______things belong only to you,or may only be used by you.10.If you describe something as e_______,you mean that it is very unusual or surprising.11. We are_________(乐观的)that the mainland and Taiwan will unify in the near future.12.He can hardly find a job in the canteen,because he has had no ______(先前的)experience of this kind of job.13. All the passengers are________(需要)to show their passports when they leave the country.14.After a big flood,thousands of volunteers went to Hunan to __ _______(协助)in rebuilding the disaster area.15. The government decided to explore the ______(周围的)countrys ide to build a new industrial park.16. The people in Iraq lived a hard life, because it was ______ (不断的)hit by war.语法练习:1. I don't know the girl ______ in the snow storm.A. to catchB. caughtC. catchingD. to be catching2. The girl _______ down by a car was dying.A. knockB. knockingC. knockedD. to knock3. The foreign guests,________ by an interpreter,came out of the hall.A. followingB. to followC. followedD. to be followed4. The problem _______ so quickly last evening will not be set again anywhere.A. having been settledB. settleC. be settledD. settled5. There was an _________ look on his face when the actress appeared.A. excitedB. exciteC. excitingD. excitement6. The children __________ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.A. to examineB. examinedC. examineD. examining7. He talked about at his suggestions _________ by you yesterday.A. been turned downB. turned downC. to be turned downD. to turn down8. This is the package ________ at the post office last night.A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD. weighed9. An island is a small piece of land _______ by water.A. surroundedB. surroundingC. to be surroundedD. being surrounded10. The managers will again discuss the plan _______ last week.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out11. After the heavy rain,many cars got ________ in the mud.A. catchB. catchingC. caughtD. being caught12. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ____ .A. killB. killingC. killedD. to be killed13. When I went in,they were ________ in a heated discussion.A. absorbB. absorbedC. absorbingD. being absorbed14. The thief seems _________ in that cave. Let's go and see.A. hiddenB. hideC. hidingD. to hide15. Don't use words ,expressions,or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. known一、单词拼写1、I can't understand your meaning,can you give mea little h____________.2、Before marrying,they always made an a __________ in that park.3、If I've hurt your feelings,it was quite without_____ (有意)。
4. Her father will never a__________(同意)of her marriage to you.5. I don't want a _______________(否定的)answer to my question.6. In harvest time,he has to__________(雇佣more people to workfor him. 7.A p____is a type of job that required advanced education or training.8. If you have an a__________with someone,you have arranged tosee them at a particular time,usually in connection with their work.9. An i__________that you have is an idea or plan of what you are going to。
10. Your o_____________is your job.11. Industrial development is being_________(集中)in the west of China 。
12.He had to rewrite his essay,because his teacher said it needed some _____________(润饰)in language13.The little boy cried_____________(故意地)to draw his mother's attention.14.An _________(精确的instrument is able to give you information that is correct to a detailed level.15. Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an _________ (获得的)taste and are not in born.16. The busy mother feels really _________(内疚的)at forgetting her daughter's birthday again。
语法练习1.Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.A.didn't I realizeB.did I realizeC.I didn't realizeD.I realized2.Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you3. If you don't go,neither ____.A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.A.had I got ,whenB.I had got,thanC.had I got,thanD.did I get,when5. ——Your father is very strict with you.____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours.A. So he isB. So is heC. He is soD. So does he6. ____ today,he would get there by Sunday.A.Would he leaveB.Was he leavingC.Were he to leaveD.if he leave7. Never in my life ____ such a thing. A. I have heard or have seenB. have I heard or seen C. I have heard or seen8. ——Here ____!Where is Xiao Liu? There ____.A. comes the bus,is heB. comes the bus,he isC. the bus comes,is heD. the bus comes,he is9. ____ ,I will not buy it.A. Much as do I like itB. As much I like itC. Much as I like itD. As I like it much10. ——I like football. I don't like volleyball.____.A. So do IB. Neither do IC. So it is with meD.So is it with me11. _____ the expense,I _____ to Italy.A. If it were not,goB. Were it not for,would goC. Weren't it for,will goD. If it hadn't been,would have gone12. So _____ in the darkness that he didn't dare to move an inch.A. he was frightenedB. was he frightenedC. frightened he wasD. frightened was he13. ——In modem times,girls like beautiful clothes.Yes, _____and_____ .After all, our life has greatly improved.A. so do they,so do youB. so they do,so you doC. so do they,so you doD. so they do,so do you14. ——You have an English class every day except Sunday._____.A. So we haveB. So we doC. So have weD. So do we15. I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _____,so _____ mine.A. does,willB. will,doesC. will,wouldD. does,do答案 1.requires 2.mood 3,enormous4.imitate5.amusing 6.imagine7.impression 8.settlement 9.private 10.extraordinary 11.optimistic 12.previous 13. assist 14surrounding 15.constantly词汇1.hint 2.appointment 3.intention 4.approve5.negative 6.employ 7. profession 8. appointment9. intention 10. occu pation 11. concentrated 12. polishing 13. deliberately14. accurate 15. acquired 16. guilty单选:答案与解析:1. B。