下载文档原格式
Lesson ElevenPre-class WorkRead the text a third time. Learn the new words and expressions listed below. Glossaryambitionn. a strong desire for success, power, riches, etc.bandn. a group of musicians who play popular music togethercashierv. to work as a clerk whose job is to receive and pay out money in a shop, bank, hotel, etc.clarityn. clearnessconsciencen. 良心contrastn. a difference between people, ideas or thingsdimen. a silver coin of the U. S., worth ten centsdismaladj. lacking hope or comfort, showing or causing sadnessembracen. the act of holding sb. close to you as a sign of loveemergev. to come out or appear from somewhereenhancev. to increase good qualities in sb. or sth.errandn. a short trip to do sth. for sb.expandv. to become largerfantasyn. imaginationfineryn. beautiful or expensive clothes and jewelry worn for special occas ions freshmann. a first-year student at a high school or universityfrugallyadv. carefully in the way of using money, buying only what is necessary giddyadj. feeling a little sick and unable to balance because everything seems to be movinggrievev. to feel extremely sad, esp. when sb. you love has diedgypsyn. 吉卜赛人hornn. a musical instrument 号；管humbleadj. having a low social class or position, not proudindulgev. to let yourself do or have what you want even if it is bad for you 放纵，纵容intolerableadj. too difficult, unpleasant, annoying, etc. for you to bearlavishadj. A ～meal is a meal that is large and generous and costs a lot of money. licensen. an official paper showing that permission has been given to do sth. 许可证lumpyadj. 疙瘩不平的marvelv. to feel great surprise and admiration formattressn. 床垫miraclen. 奇迹miserlyadj. a ～person is a person who hates to spend moneyonrushn. a strong fast movement forwardparlorn. a sitting room where people may receive guests (old-fashioned) quitv. to leave a jobretirev. to stop working at the end of one's working lifesalonn. beauty ～: a place where you can get your hair cutseekv. to look for or ask forsecond-rateadj. not very goodsentimentaladj. too easily affected by tender feelings such as love, sadness, etc. shabbyadj. looking old and in bad conditionskaten. 冰鞋v. to move on ice wearing ice-skatessmartv. to hurt with stinging painsorrown. unhappiness, sadness or griefsplendidadj. excellentspreen. a short period of time doing sth. you enjoystomachn. an organ in the body where food is digested 胃sufferv. to tolerate or standsuitcasen. a case with flat sides used for carrying clothes when travellingthreadbareadj. worn out; in bad conditiontop-heavyadj. not properly balanced because of too much weight at the toptransformv. to completely change the appearance, form or character of sth. esp. in a way that improves ittrappedadj. in a bad situation from which you can't escapeurgev. to strongly advise sb. to do sth.vagueadj. not clearwardroben. the clothes that sb. haswistfullyadv. sadly and thoughtfully because you want sth. but cannot have itProper NamesBess贝丝（女子名，Elizabeth 的爱称）Lottie洛蒂（女子名，charlotte 的别名）Text AThe Richer, the PoorerRead the text once for the main idea. Do not refer to the notes, dictionaries or the glossary yet.Over the years Lottie had urged her sister Bess to prepare for her old age. Over the years Bess had lived each day as if there were no other. Now they were both past sixty. Lottie had a bank account that had never grown lean. Bess had the clothes on her back, and the rest of her worldly possessions in an old suitcase. Lottie had hated being a child, seeing her parents constantly worrying about money, Bess had never seemed to notice. All she ever wanted was to go outside and play. She learned to skated on borrowed skates. She rode a borrowed bicycle. Lottie couldn't wait to grow up and buy herself the best of everything. As soon as anyone would hire her, Lottie put herself to work. She looked after babies, she ran errands for the old.She never touched a penny of her money, though her child's mouth watered for ice cream and candy. When the dimes began to add up to dollars, she lost her taste for sweets.By the time she was twelve, she was clerking after school in a small variety store. Saturdays she worked as long as she was wanted. She decided to keep her money for clothes. When she entered high school, she would wear a wardrobe that no one else would be able to match.But her freshman year found her unable to indulge this fantasy, particularly when her admiring instructors advised her to think seriously of college. No one in her family had ever gone to college. She would show them all what she could do, if she put her mind to it.She began to bank her money, and her bankbook became her most precious possession.In her third year of high school, she found a job in a small but expanding restaurant, where she cashiered from the busy hour until closing. In her last year of high school, the business increased so rapidly that Lottie was faced withthe choice of staying in school or working full time.She made her choice easily. A job in hand was worth two in the future.Bess had a boy-friend in the school band, who had no other ambition except to play a horn. Lottie expected to be settled with a home and family while Bess was still waiting for Harry to earn enough to buy a marriage license.That Bess married Harry straight out of high school was not surprising. That Lottie never married at all was not really surprising either. Two or three times she was halfway persuaded, but to give up a job that paid well for a homemaking job that paid nothing was a risk she was incapable of taking. Bess's married life was nothing for Lottie to envy. She and Harry lived like gypsies, with Harry playing in second-rate bands all over the country, even getting himself and Bess stranded in Europe. They were often in rags and never in riches.Bess grieved because she had no child, not having sense enough to know she was better off without them. Very likely she would have dumped them on Lottie's doorstep.That Lottie had a doorstep was only because her boss, having bought a second house, offered Lottie his first house at a price so low and terms so reasonable that it would have been like losing money to refuse.She shut off the rooms she didn't use, letting them go to ruin. Since she ate her meals out, she had no food at home, and did not encourage callers, who always expected a cup of tea.Her way of life was mean and miserly, but she did not know it. She thought she lived frugally in her middle years so that she could live in comfort when she most needed peace of mind.The years, after forty, began to race. Suddenly Lottie was sixty, and made to retire by her boss's son, who had no sentimental feeling about keeping her on until she was ready to quit.She made several attempts to find other employment, but nobody would hire her. For the first time in her life Lottie would gladly have worked for nothing, to have some place to go, something to do with her day.Harry died abroad, in a third-rate hotel, with Bess weeping as hard as if he had left her a fortune. He had left nothing but his horn. There wasn't even money for her passage home.Lottie, trapped by the blood tie, knew she would have to send Bess money to bring her home.It took Lottie a week to get a bedroom ready, a week of hard work and hard cash. There was everything to do, everything to replace or paint. When she was through the room looked so fresh and new that Lottie felt she deserved it more than Bess.She would let Bess have her room, but the mattress was so lumpy, the carpet so worn, the curtains so threadbare that Lottie's conscience bothered her. She knew she would have to redo that room, too, and went about doing it eagerly. When she was through upstairs, she was shocked to see how dismal downstairslooked by comparison. She tried to ignore it, but with nowhere to go to escape it, the contrast grew more intolerable.She worked her way from kitchen to parlor, persuading herself she was only improving the rooms to give herself something to do. At night she slept like a child after a long and happy day of playing house. She was having more fun than she had ever had in her life. She was living each hour for itself.There was only a day now before Bess would arrive. Passing her gleaming mirrors, at first with vague awareness, then with painful clarity, Lottie saw herself as others saw her, and could not stand the sight.She went on a spending spree from the specialty shops to beauty salon, emerging transformed into a woman who believed in miracles.She was in the kitchen cooking a turkey when Bess rang the bell. Her heart raced, and she wondered if the heat from the oven was responsible.She went to the door, and Bess stood before her. Stiffly she suffered Bess's embrace, her heart racing harder, her eyes suddenly smarting from the onrush of cold air."Oh, Lottie, it's good to see you," Bess said, but saying nothing about Lottie's splendid appearance. Upstairs Bess, putting down her shabby suitcase, said, "I'll sleep like a rock tonight," without a word of praise for her lovely room. At the lavish table, top-heavy with turkey, Bess said, "I'll take light and dark both," with no marveling at the size of the bird, or that there was turkey for two elderly women, one of them too poor to buy her own bread.With the glow of good food in her stomach, Bess began to tell stories. They were rich with places and people, most of them lowly, all of them magnificent. Her face reflected the joys and sorrows of her remembering, and above all, the love she lived by that enhanced the poorest place, the humblest person.Then it was that Lottie knew why Bess had made no mention of her finery, or the shining room, or the twelve-pound turkey. She had not even seen them. Tomorrow she would see the room as it really looked, and Lottie as she really looked, and the warmed-over turkey in its second-day glory. Tonight she saw only what she had come seeking, a place in her sister's home and heart.She said, "That's enough about me. How have the years used you?""It was me who didn't use them," said Lottie with regret. "I saved for them. I forgot the best of them would go without my ever spending a day or a dollar enjoying them. That's my life story, a life never lived. Now it's too near the end to try."Bess said, "To know how much there is to know is the beginning of learning to live. Don't count the years that are left us. At our time of life it's the days that count. You've too much catching up to do to waste a minute of a waking hour feeling sorry for yourself." Lottie grinned, a real wide open grin, "Well, to tell the truth I felt sorry for you. Maybe if I had any sense I'd feel sorry for myself, after all. I know I'm too old to kick up my heels, but I'm going to let you show me how. If I land on my head, I guess it won't matter. I feel giddy already, and I like it."。
UNIT 1 Accomplishment 完成Acquire 获得Arrogantly 傲慢地Arts艺术Aspirin阿司匹林Assume猜想Available可用的Average平均Beanpole瘦长的人Bull公牛Certify证明Civilized文明的Client客户Contain包含Continuity延续性Cyanide氰化物Democratic民主的Disaster灾难Drugstore杂货店Employ雇佣Enroll登记Essence本质Expertise专门技术Expose接触Faculty全体教员Fragment碎片Generate使形成Graduate获得学位的Grind磨碎Hip髋Humanity人类Implicitly含蓄地Incompetence无能Inevitable必然的Intellect思维能力Invent发明Literal文学的Limitation局限Maintain维持Mechanize使机械化Neanderthal穴居人Nevertheless然而Peculiar特殊的Penetrating理解能力强的人Pest讨厌的人Pharmacy药剂Philosophy哲学Physicist物理学家Pill药剂Preside主持Professional专业的Pursuit追求Push-button按钮操作的Qualified合格的Raise养育Rear培养Resources资源Savage原始的Scroll名册Semester学期Sensitive敏感的Shudder发抖Skill技能Specialize专门从事Species种类Specimen某种类型的人Spiritual精神上的Store储存Stuck不知所措的Suffice使满足Unaided独立的UNIT 4Account 解释Acknowledge 承认Admirable 令人钦佩的Aesthetic 美学的Anonymity 无名的Balding 变秃的Behave 表现Behavior 行为Belt 带子Blast 一阵Budget 预算Casualty 遇难者Challenge 挑战Chaotic 无序的Chunk 大块Clash 碰撞声Collision 冲突Commitment 承诺Congressional 国会的Crash 坠毁Desperate 极想望的Dip 浸泡Distinction 区别Doze 假寐Element 成分Emotional 情绪的Employee 雇员Essential 本质的Flight 航班Florida 弗罗里达Flotation 浮起Freeze 结冰Grope 摸索Gull 海鸥Harsh 严酷的Helicopter 直升机High 集中的Immovable 不动的Impact 碰撞Impersonal 无人情味的Injured 受伤的Jet 喷气飞机Lifeline 救生索Likewise 同样地Location 位置Monument 纪念碑Occasion 时机Possibility 可能Potomac 波托马克河Presidential 总统的Principle 原则Proof 证明Remark 言辞Represent 展现Section 部分Skid 滑橇Slap 掌击Standoff 对峙Stewardess 女服务员Stick 刺Stunning 极好的Survivor 幸存者Tragedy 悲剧Unidentified 未确认的Unique 独特的Universal 宇宙的UNIT 10Absorb 吸收AD 公元Bakery 烤炉Band 一群Bay 海湾Beetle 甲壳虫Board 上船Branch 分支Clatter 撞击声Cloudburst 倾盆大雨Cluster 使成群Collapse 倒塌Column 栏Cram 塞满Crater 火山口Crouch 蹲下Descend 降临Doom 毁灭Drift 漂流Erupt 喷发Explosion 爆炸声Flee 逃走Graze 放牧Harbor 海港Hoof 蹄Huddle 推挤Hurl 丢下Inn 客栈Intact 完好的Jar 坛子Loaf 面包Mediterranean 地中海Mighty 强大的Monoxide一氧化物Nightmare 噩梦Overwhelm 打击Perish 消失Poisonous 有毒的Priest 神父Prosperous 繁荣的Pumice 浮石Quick-witted 头脑敏捷的Reverberate 回响Sack 袋子Savage 凶猛的Shatter 粉碎Shepherd 牧羊者Shimmer 使闪烁Shroud 用…遮蔽Slate 石板Stain 污点Stumble 绊倒Summit 顶点Thicken 变厚Throng 人群Topple 倒塌Torch 火把Trample 践踏Vesuvius 维苏威Victim 受害者Villa 别墅Volcanic 火山的Yawn 打呵欠To be exact 确切地说Hide from sight 藏起来In place 在原地Come to life 复活Restore it to activity 恢复Talk business 谈生意Go over 检查On its way 快到了Break loose 发泄The critical point 临界点Blow UP 爆炸Branch out 扩大范围Die away 逐渐消失At hand 非常近Cram into 塞进becrammed with 塞满Make their way to费了很大劲到Die by the hundreds 成百上千的死亡Descend on 降临到UNIT 11Appalled 震惊Astounded 震惊的Authentic 真实的Broiler烤器Carton 纸板箱Chill 扫兴Chop 排骨Congo刚果Contemptuous 轻视的Cube 立方Define 规定Disgusted厌恶的Dome圆屋顶Eccentric 古怪的Elevator 电梯Frown 皱眉Furor 激怒Gadget 小玩意儿Genuine 真诚的Gesture 姿势Guarded 谨慎的Impulsively 冲动地Indemnity赔偿金Intriguing 有趣的Monetarily 在钱方面Nonetheless尽管如此Numbly 麻木地Pancake烙饼Pat轻拍Pitch 推销Pound 敲打Practical实际的Proposition 提议Repress 抑制Scoffing嘲弄的Screw螺丝钉Shove 推挤Shriek尖叫Shrug耸肩Slippers拖鞋Smash打碎Split 分裂Stack 堆积Steak 牛排Stiffen使坚硬Swallow吞咽Sweep 掠过Transistor 晶体管Tube 管子Vaguely 含糊地Wastebasket废纸篓Whirl使旋转UNIT 1 短语fresh out of刚刚完成reach for伸手拿be exposed to使接触enroll for大学报名put it this way这么说吧average out to平均为tend to倾向于see to it that确保along with everything else除此之外preside over主持be badly stuck for竭力追求on ones way to doing将要in essence 从本质上●there is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs toknow in order to be a civilized human.●If you are too much in a hurry ,or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept asa gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer or Einstein, you areneither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy.UNIT 4 短语As disasters go 就。
UNIT1 又一学年——为了什么？约翰·切阿迪1.给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。
那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。
一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。
”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。
三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。
我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。
2.虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。
我本来可以指出，他考入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。
这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。
换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。
3.我本来可以把这些话都告诉他，但是很明显，他不会待很长时间，说了也没用。
4.但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。
谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。
但平均每天24小时会保持不变。
在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。
5.“然后在每个工作日8个小时左右的时间里，我希望你会忙于一些有用的事情。
假设你毕业于一所药科大学——或工程大学，法学院，或者其他什么大学——在那8个小时时间里，你将用到你的专业技能。
作为一个药剂师，你要确保氯化物没有和阿斯匹林混在一起；作为一个工程师，你要确保一切都在你的掌控之中；作为一个律师，你要保证你的当事人没有因为你的无能而被处以电刑。
这些都是有用的工作，它们涉及到的技能每个人都必须尊重，而且它们都能给你带来基本的满足。
无论你还干些什么，这些技能都很可能是你养家糊口的本领。
又是一个新学年——为什么上大学约翰·齐阿迪1 让我来给你们讲讲我在刚开始教书生涯时所遭到的一次惨败。
那是1940年1月，我刚从研究生院毕业，在堪萨斯大学开始第一个学期的执教。
有这么一个学生，瘦高个，样子活像一根长着头发的豆架。
他走进课堂，坐了下来，双臂交叉抱在胸前，看了看我，就像在说：“好吧，那就教我点什么吧。
”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。
又过了三周，他走进我的办公室，双手放在臀部（双手叉腰），“你知道，”他说，“我来这儿是为了当药剂师。
我干嘛要念这些玩意儿？”因为连书都没带，他就指着我桌上的那本书说。
2 尽管我刚当老师，但我也蛮可以告诉此兄好些道理。
我本可以指出，他来报名的地方不是一家药剂学校，而是一所大学。
学业完成时他将获得一纸文凭，上面写的将是理科学士学位，而不会写“合格的捣药技术员”。
这一纸文凭不仅会证明他专修过药剂学，还会证明他受到过人类文明思想的熏陶。
也就是说，他进的不是一家技校，而是一所大学。
在大学里，学生既要接受专业训练，又要接受人文教育。
3 我本可以给他讲这一大通道理，但显然他在大学待不了多久，不会把我的话当回事。
4 不过当时我年轻气盛，责任感很强。
于是我就试着这么和他说：“在你日后的生活中，你一天的时间大概平均算下来是二十四小时，恋爱的时候会短些，失恋的时候会长些，但平均数基本上保持不变。
这中间有八个小时左右，你在睡觉。
”5 “然后在大概八个小时的每个工作日里，你会——但愿你会——努力从事有益的工作。
假设你已经上完药剂师学校，或工程、法律学校，或随便其他什么学校，在那八小时内你将运用你的专业技能。
你要做的是确保别因自己技艺不精而把氰化物掺进阿司匹林，或让公牛跃过你修建的篱笆，或因为你的无能而把你的委托人送上电椅。
这些都是有用的职业。
这些工作都需要人人应该尊重的技能，也能给你带来基本的满足感。
不说别的，很可能你要靠它们来养家糊口（换取餐桌的食物，养活你的妻子，养育你的子女）。
120447932参考答案（Unit 1—8）Unit OneKey to ExercisePreview:1 True or false1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6F 7T 8T 9T 10TVocabulary4. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets1. differ2. differently, different3. difference4. serious, serious, seriously5. seriousness, seriously polluted6. Fortunately/ Luckily, pollution, seriously, pollute7. attention 8. attentively, attentive4 Translate the following sentences using words and expressions taken from the text.1. 他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。
They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company.2. 虽然我们面前仍有困难，但我肯定我们中国人有智慧靠自己实现国家的和平统一。
Although there are still difficulties ahead of us, I am sure that we Chinese people will have the wisdom to bring abou t the peaceful unification of our country on our own.3. 只强调国内生产总值是错误的，它会引起很多严重问题。
It is wrong to put emphasis on nothing but GDP. It will give rise to many serious problems.4. 他喜欢炫耀他的财富，但是这完全是徒劳的，人们仍然像躲避毒药那样躲避他。
Unit 11一、词汇短语Text Arepress [] v. 抑制，压制；镇压【例句】At this junction Maston could not repress his emotion. 到了这个阶段，梅斯顿再也克制不住自己的感情了。
【助记】re（再）+press（压抑）→再押，压制pitch [] n. 沥青；斜度；投掷；定调vt. 投掷；向前倾跌；定位于；扎营vi. 搭帐篷；投掷；倾斜【例句】He bunted at the first pitch. 他触击第一个投球。
【词组】pitch in 协力；做出贡献pitch on 选中；决定【助记】pit小坑，ch吃：把路上的小坑吃了，用沥青填上就行了。
frown [] v. 皱眉，不同意【例句】The teacher frowned angrily at the noisy class. 老师生气地对那班吵吵嚷嚷的学生皱起眉头。
【词组】frown on/upon不赞成，反对frown at 对…感到生气不满；对…皱眉practical [] adj. 实际的，实践的；实用的；讲实效的【例句】He is very practical—he can make or mend almost anything. 他很能干——他几乎可以制造或修理任何东西。
slipper [] n. 拖鞋；便鞋【例句】This pair of slippers is my favorite. 这双拖鞋是我最喜欢的。
shrug [] v. & n. 耸肩（表示冷淡、怀疑、无奈、不满等）【例句】She shrugged her shoulders at the news. 她听到这个消息后耸了耸肩。
【词组】shrug off 摆脱；抖去；不屑理睬；耸肩表示蔑视；扭身脱掉衣服【助记】sh屎，rug地毯：你们家的地毯上有你的狗拉的sh，你只能对此表示毫无办法——耸肩。
