2015年英语专四完形填空真题答案及解析及原文出处及cloze-练习-(1)

英语专四真题及答案解析TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015) -GRADE FOUR- PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all thefollowing things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one’s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one’s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents r educe their kids’ weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school’s way of handlin g the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men. News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. ￡945 millionB. ￡1.07 billionC. ￡500,000D. ￡87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___ .A. The UK is a good film locationC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted no wadays 31 ___ werarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, ro ads are brightly lit,when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity is working f or us, 37 ___ ourrefrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air- conditioned. Every day, trains, buses andsubways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider why or how the y run——39 ___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 40 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New Yorkwith electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refu sed to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopp ed working, so that 43 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ between two fl oors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famou s streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 46 ___ became asgloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses,48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just asconfused and50 ___ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ____?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. asA. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you much better than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?” EXCEPT __ ___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part is closest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. The underlined part means __ ___.72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPT ____.73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the universityheld a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part means __ ___.A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONText AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory –and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.81. Google’s eyeglasses are suppose d to _ __.[A]improve our memory[B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better[D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, “cognitive habits” refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research i s CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. Wha t does the author mean by “context”?[A]It refers to long-term memory.[B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge.[D]It refers to the searchengine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory.[B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea,but it overlooked onedetail:second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to hislungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the logof his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A]He himself wanted to have practice.[B]Students of all majors had to do so.[C]It was part of his medical training.[D]He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author’s team members had __.[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledge[C]long been working there [D]some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attention EXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty [B]steady temperature[C]faster heart rate [D]breathing problem89. “His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimism[B]hesitation[C]concern[D]supportTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was majornews then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokerswere cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including.[C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ _____.[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT_____.[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns[D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ ____.[A] is unfair to the poor [B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue [D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT Dchildren understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believeAttachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also notselfless parenting, We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves,Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover, I supervise, I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don't slap curious hands away, I show howto do things safely, I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust, I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.96. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is that they .A. show more love to their childrenB. think love is more importantC. prefer both love and toys in parentingD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.98. What does “free-range” mean according to the p assage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.99. Which of the following is NOT attachment parenting?A. Fostering their curiosity.B. Standing by and protecting.C. Showing them how things are done.D. Helping them do the right thing.100. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How to foster love in children.B. How to build child confidence.C. Different types of parenting.D. Parent-child relationships.答案解析：PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. / There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

2015年英语专业四级真题及答案解析(1/1)PART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutePlay00:0010:21Volume_______________下一题(1~3/共10题)Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Sections A、B and C you will hear everything once only.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:0001:53Volume第1题Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A.The return trip is too expensive.B.There is no technology to get people back.C.People don´t want to return.D.The return trip is too risky.第2题According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A.Intelligence.B.Health.C.Skills.D.Calmness.第3题What is the last part of the conversation about?A.The kind of people suitable for the trip.B.Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C.Recruitment of people for the trip.D.Preparation for the trip to Mars.上一题下一题(4~6/共10题)Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Sections A、B and C you will hear everything once only.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:0001:35Volume第4题What is the conversation mainly about?A.How to avoid clashes of exams.B.How to schedule exams.C.How to use the faculty lounge.D.How to choose the courses.第5题What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A.To choose a date on the draft schedule.B.To find the information on the bulletin board.C.To draw up the final schedule.D.To arrange an invigilator.第6题According to the conversation, the Dean willA.sign the sheet in the faculty lounge.B.take care of the bulletin board.C.consult the students.D.finalize the exam schedule.上一题下一题(7~10/共10题)Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Sections A、B and C you will hear everything once only.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:0001:35Volume第7题What is showrooming?A.Going to the high street.B.Visiting everyday shops.C.Buying things like electrical goods.D.Visiting shops and buying online.第8题According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA.shoes.B.CDs.C.camera.D.food.第9题According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA.3%.B.33%.C.42%.D.24%.第10题One reason for people to showroom is that theyA.want to know more about pricing.B.can return the product later.C.want to see the real thing first.D.can bargain for a lower shop price.上一题下一题(11~13/共10题)SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:0001:44Volume第11题Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A.New York.B.San Francisco.C.Boston.D.San Diego.第12题The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts______tourists a year.A.20,000B.100,000C.7 millionD.17 million第13题Where can tourists see the fish markets?A.In Stockton Street.B.In Grant Avenue.C.In Portsmouth Square.D.In Bush Street.上一题下一题(14~16/共10题)SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:0001:41Volume第14题According to a number of students, ______is the main factor for early-age smoking.A.genderB.personalityC.environmentD.money第15题Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B.Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C.Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D.Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.第16题All the following are features of smokers EXCEPTA.strong peer influence.B.low sense of achievement.C.high sense of rebellion.D.close family relationship.上一题下一题(17~20/共10题)SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第17题Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Obesity can damage one´s health.B.Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C.Obesity is directly related to one´s habit.D.Obesity has affected both boys and girls.第18题The purpose of the three-year study is to______.A.find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB.learn more about the link between sleep and weightC.identify the ways parents reduce their kids´ weightD.see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period第19题According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around______hours.A.8B.9C.10D.11第20题According to the passage, obesity is most likely related toA.sleep time.B.gender.C.race.D.parents.上一题下一题(1/10)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第21题The U. N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPTA.the use of force by European Union troops.B.the suspension of an existing arms embargo.C.the extension of U. N. peacekeeping mission.D.the ban on travel and freeze of assets.上一题下一题(2/10)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第22题What is the news mainly about?A.Causes of early death in Russia.B.Behavior of alcoholics.C.Causes of alcohol poisoning.D.Number of death over 10 years.上一题下一题(23~24/共10题)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第23题Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A.The school stopped providing school lunch.B.Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C.Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D.These children chose to have something different.第24题How did parents react to the school´s way of handling the situation?A.They were upset.B.They were furious.C.They were surprised.D.They were sad.上一题下一题(25~26/共10题)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第25题According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A.Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B.Guests can go direct to their rooms.C.Guests can check out any time.D.Guests can make room reservations.第26题The hotel company intends to have the system in______of its hotels in the next three months.A.2B.3C.100D.150上一题下一题(27~28/共10题)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第27题According to the court ruling, Shrien DewaniA.will return to the U. K. for medical treatment.B.will remain in South Africa for medical treatment.C.will stand trial in South Africa once proved fit.D.will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial.第28题What was Dewani accused of?A.Having his wife killed.B.Killing his wife in the U. K.C.Being involved in a taxi accident.D.Hiring a crew of hit men.上一题下一题(29~30/共10题)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第29题The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 wasA.￡945B.￡1.07 billion.C.￡500,000D.￡87,000第30题Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain becauseA.the UK is a good film location.B.the cast usually comes from Britain.C.Hollywood emphasizes quality.D.production cost can be reduced.上一题下一题(31~50/共20题)PART ⅢCLOZEDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays__31__we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and__32__ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the__33__of every modern city. In the home, many__34__devices are powered by electricity.__35__when we turn off the bedside lamp and are__36__ asleep, electricity is working for us,__37__our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely__38__ to consider why or how they run—__39__something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something__40__go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a__41__. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark,__42__to do anything: lifts stopped working, so that__43__ you were lucky enough not to be__44__between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down__45__ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n)__46__ became as gloomy and uninviting__47__ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses,__48__ although the police had been ordered to__49__ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and__50__ as anybody else.第31题A.soB.asC.thusD.that第32题A.carB.truckC.trafficD.pedestrians第33题A.appearanceB.characterC.distinctionD.surface第34题bour-savingB.time-savingC.energy-savingD.money-saving第35题A.OnlyB.RarelyC.EvenD.Frequently第36题A.quiteB.fastD.quickly第37题A.movingB.startingC.repairingD.driving第38题A.troubleB.botherC.hesitateD.remember 第39题A.whenB.ifC.untilD.after第40题A.wouldB.didC.couldD.should第41题A.standstillB.terminalC.breakdownD.pause第42题A.incompetentB.powerlessC.hesitantD.helpless第43题A.althoughB.whenC.asD.even if第44题A.lockedB.placedC.positionedD.trapped第45题A.stepsC.flightsD.floors第46题A.instantB.timeC.pointD.minute第47题A.likeB.thanC.forD.as第48题A.forB.andC.butD.or第49题A.stand asideB.stand downC.stand byD.stand in第50题A.helplessB.aimlessC.unfocusedD.undecided上一题下一题(1/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第51题When you have finished with that book, don´t forget to put it back on the shelf, ______?A.don´t youB.do youC.will youD.won´t you上一题下一题(2/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第52题Mary is______hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.B.no moreC.not lessD.no so上一题下一题(3/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第53题Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A.Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B.Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C.Either my sister or my brother is coming.D.Five miles seem like a long walk to me.上一题下一题(4/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第54题Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A.My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B.I´ll give it to you after I return.C.What is the matter with you?D.London stands on the River Thames.上一题下一题(5/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第55题It is not so much the language______the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A.butB.norC.likeD.as上一题下一题(6/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第56题There is no doubt______the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A.whyB.thatC.whetherD.when上一题下一题(7/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第57题All the President´s Men______one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A.remainsB.remainedC.remainD.is remaining上一题下一题(8/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第58题If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he______able to advise you much better than I can.A.will beB.wasC.would beD.were上一题下一题(9/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第59题Which of the following is a stative verb(静态动词)?A.Drink.B.Close.C.Rain.D.Belong.上一题下一题(10/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第60题Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A.The man has a large family to support.B.She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C.He was the last guest to leave.D.Mary needs a friend to talk to.上一题下一题(11/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第61题The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPTA.Bob did this.B.Bob did so.C.Bob did that.D.Bob did.上一题下一题(12/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第62题Which of the following is INCORRECT?A.Another two girls.B.Few words.C.This work.D.A bit of flowers.上一题下一题(13/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第63题Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A.What will you do when you graduate?B.They will be home by now.C.Who will go with me?D.Why will you go there alone?上一题下一题(14/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第64题When one has good health, ______should feel fortunate.A.youB.sheC.heD.we上一题下一题(15/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第65题There______nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.B.to have beenC.beD.being上一题下一题(16/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第66题Two of her brothers were______during the Second World War.A.called upB.called onC.called forD.called out上一题下一题(17/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第67题Bottles from this region sell______at about $50 a case.A.entirelyB.totallyC.wholesaleD.together上一题下一题(18/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第68题The product contains no______colours, flavours, or preservatives.A.fakeB.artificialC.falseD.wrong上一题下一题(19/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第69题Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part is closest in meaning toA.cheerfully.B.wholeheartedly.C.politely.上一题下一题(20/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第70题______and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.A.CivilB.CivilizedC.CivilianD.Civic上一题下一题(21/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第71题The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. The underlined part meansA.calm.B.relieve.fort.D.still.上一题下一题(22/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第72题His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPTA.improved.B.made up for.C.balanced.pensated for.上一题下一题(23/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第73题The doctor said that the gash in his cheek required ten stitches. The underlined part meansA.lump.B.depression.C.swelling.D.cut.上一题下一题(24/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第74题During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and______workers.y offy intoy downy aside上一题下一题(25/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第75题The university consistendy receives a high______for the quality of its teaching and research.A.standardB.evaluationC.ratingment上一题下一题(26/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第76题To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part meansA.signify.B.celebrate.C.symbolize.D.suggest.上一题下一题(27/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第77题His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part meansA.abundant.B.unbelievable.C.productive.D.generative.上一题下一题(28/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one wordor phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第78题The local newspaper has a______of 100,000 copies a day.A.spreadB.circulationC.motionD.flow上一题下一题(29/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第79题These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part meansA.eventually.B.subsequently.stly.D.fully.上一题下一题(30/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第80题A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part meansA.distributing.B.handling.C.dividing.D.arranging.上一题下一题(81~85/共20题)PART V READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.Inundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our heads, we´re increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you´re looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory—and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available—is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don´t know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on,we don´t remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers´ final observation: the expectation that we´ll be able to locate information down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we´ll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can´t be Googled as we go: they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia—meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren´t over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can´t Google context.Last, there´s the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines will fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend. " If you´re going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it´s fully charged.第81题Google´s eyeglasses are supposed toA.improve our memory.B.function like memory.C.help us see faces better.D.work like smart phones.第82题According to the passage, "cognitive habits" refers toA.how we deal with information.B.functions of human memory.C.the amount of information.D.the availability of information.第83题Which of the following statements about Sparrow´s research is CORRECT?A.We remember people and things as much as before.B.We remember more Internet connections than before.C.We pay equal attention to location and content of information.D.We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.第84题What does the author mean by "context"?A.It refers to long-term memory.B.It refers to a new situation.C.It refers to a store of knowledge.D.It refers to the search engine.第85题What is the implied message of the author?A.Web connections aid our memory.B.People differ in what to remember.C.People keep memory on smart phones.。

PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for thefamily. / The womanstayed at hometo care for the children and her husband. /In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship ofthis kind. / Some people are happy with it. But othersthink differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One isthat both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose tomarry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / Asecond difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. /If a couple has children, the manmay take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / orshe maywant to go to work. / Menand womennow decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

2015英语专四考试真题及答案2015年专业四级答案PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and herhusband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

12015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(一)答案与详解Part Ⅰ Writing审题思路这是一篇四级考试中常见的议论文。

要求考生就一句格言进行论述。

这句格言listening is more important than talking. “倾听比谈论更重要。

”措辞简单，意思明了，考生比较容易把握，因此写起来并不难。

写作时，考生应该将重点放在第二段举例阐释倾听比谈论更重要的原因上。

联系实际分析可知，其原因主要有:倾听是交际之规则，只有善于倾听才能表达对别人的尊重，同时倾听对听者自身也不无裨益。

写作提纲一、阐述“倾听比谈论更重要”的内涵:倾听别人的意见比表达自己的想法重要得多（paying attention to others’ opinions is much more important than expressing one’s own words)二、分析原因：1、倾听可以表达对他人的尊重（listening shows your respect for others)2、倾听还可以使听者受益（benefit yourself)三、总结概述：l 、倾听在很多场合比谈论重要得多（listening truly outweighs talking on many occasions)2、我们需要掌握一些沟通技巧（master some communication skills)范文点评全文翻译倾听比谈论更重要如今,“倾听比谈论更重要”这一格言流行起来。

.这句格言道出了在社会中与人交往的真诗:倾听别人高分范文 精彩点评Listening Is More Important than Talking①Nowadays an old saying, “Listening is more important thantalking”，comes into vogue. ② The saying tells us the true essenceof communication with others in the society, which means paying attention to others ’ opinions is much more important than expressing one ’s own words. ③As for me, there are two reasons accounting for the correctness of this principle. ④To start with, listening shows your respect for others. In such a competitive society, willingness to listen can make you gain trust and friendship, which is the basic rule of socialization. A talkative person without ear is doomed to be alienated. ⑤ Furthermore, listening can really benefit yourself. There is no denying that you are the one to make choices in yourlife. However, a variety of ideas from others will definitely enrich your mind and present some enlightenment to your future actions.⑥According to what is said above, listening truly outweighstalking on many occasions. In modem society, we need to mastersome communication skills.⑦Only when we realize the importanceof listening can we lead a better life. ① 开门见山，描述现象:现在“倾听比谈论更重要”这一格言流行起来。

2015年高考英语完形填空各省份高考英语真题解析2015年高考英语完形填空各省份高考英语真题解析Cloze 1(2015·新课标全国Ⅰ)话题词数难度建议时间善举的力量254 ★★16分钟My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way，we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said，“1 my job.Family to Feed.”At this store，a 2 like this is not normal.My 10－year－old noticed him and made a 3 on how bad it must be to have to stand 4 inthe cold wind.In the store，I asked each of my kids to 5 something they thought our “friend” there would 6 .They got apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17－year－old suggested giving him a 7 .I thought about it.We were 8 on cash ourselves，but... well，sometimes 9 from our need instead of our abundance is 10 what we need to do！All the kids 11 something they could do away with for the week.When we handed him the bag of 12 ，he lit up and thanked us with 13 eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for 14 his family might need，he burst into tears.This has been a wonderful 15 for our family.For days the kids have been looking for others we can 16 ！Things would have played out so 17 if I had simply said，“No，we really don't have 18 to give more.”Stepping out not only helped a brother in 19 ，it also gave my kids the 20 taste of helping others.It'll go a long way with them.【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了发生在自己身边的一件事。

Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 1 ___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and 2 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 3 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 4 ___ devices are powered by electricity. 5 ___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 6 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 7 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 8 ___ to consider why or how they run——9 ___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 10 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 11 ___. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 12 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 13 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 14. ___ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 15 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 16 ___ became as gloomy and uninviting 17 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, ___ 18. although the police had been ordered to 19 ___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and 20 ___ as anybody else.1.A.that B. thus C. as D. so2. A.car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians3.A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface4.A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labour-saving5.A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently6.A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly7. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving8.A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember9.A. when B. if C. until D. after10.A. did B. would C. could D. Should11.A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill12.A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless13. A.although B. when C. as D. even if14. A.trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked15.A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors16.A. time B. instant C. point D. minute17.A. like B. than C. for D. as18.A. for B. and C. but D. or19.A. stand aside B. stand down C. stand by D. stand in20.A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedWhat do you look for in a potential date? Sincerity? Good looks? Character? Conversational ability? Asked to ____1____ such qualities, most people put physical attractiveness near the ____2____ of the list. Of course. Intelligent people are not greatly concerned ____3____ such superficial qualities as good ____4____; they know that “beauty is only skin____5____.” At least they know that’s how they ____6____ feel.This intuition ____7____ looks matt er little may be another example of our ____8____ real influences upon us, for there are many research studies ____9____ that appearance greatly determines initial attraction.Some researchers have matched students ____10____ blind dates to see what qualities led to liking. Immediately after the dating, and again three months later, the students ____11____ their dates and speculated about ____12____ they felt as they did. Men more than women ____13____ their date’s physical attractiveness was important. But,____14____ the date’s physical attractiveness actually predicted the women’s attraction ____15____ their dates more than men.In another study, Elaine Hatfield ____16____ 752 university freshmen for a dance party.For each person, the researchers secured a variety of ____17____ and aptitude (能力) test scores, but then actually matchedthe couples ____18____ . The couples evaluated their dates after the party. How well did the personality and aptitude tests predict attraction? Not well at all.____19____ the researchers could see, only one thing ____20____ : how physically attractive the person was. The more attractive a woman, the more he liked her and wanted to date her again.1. A. list B. select C. rank D. arrange2.A. top B. middle C. bottom D. front3.A. to B. at C. in D. with4.A. look B. looks C. looking D. lookings5.A. deep B. thick C. shallow D. thin6.A. have to B. ought to C. must D. should7.A. as B. what C. which D that8.A. accepting B. admitting C. refusing D. denying9.A. indicate B. to indicate C. indicating D. indicated10. A. to B. on C. at D. in11. A. evaluated B. predicted C. contacted D. communicated12. A. what B. how C. why D. that13. A. believed B. suspected C. confi rmed D. argued14. A. to the contrary B. in addition C. in spite of that D. similarly15. A. at B. in C. with D. to16. A. recruited B. enrolled C. matched D. dated17. A. personality B. appearance C. achievements D. individuality18. A. interactively B. randomly C. precisely D. systematically19. A. As long as B. So much so that C. To the extent that D. So far as20. A. predicted B. mattered C. valued D. determined该Cloze来自1984年考研英语真题英译汉的一篇短文：Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the radio. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and traffic to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the character of every modern city. In the home, many labor-saving devices are powered by electricity. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, trolley-buses, and trams take us to and from work. We rarely bother to consider why or how they run---until something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something did go wrong with the power-plant that provides New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came to a standstill. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, powerless to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be trapped between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in an instant became as gloomy anduninviting as the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anyone else. Meanwhile, similar disorder prevailed in the home. New York can be stifling in the summer and this year was no exception. Cool, air-conditioned apartments became furnaces. Food went bad in refrigerators. Cakes and joints of meat remained uncooked in cooling ovens. People sat impatient and frightened in the dark as if an unseen enemy had landed from Mars. One of the strange things that occurred during the power-cut was that some fifty blind people lead many sighted workers home. When the lights came on again, hardly a person in the city can have turned on a switch without reflecting how great a servant he had at his fingertips.PART III CLOZE31. [D] 句意为：电是日常生活的一部分，如今，我们已经习以为常，以至于开灯或开电视时很少仔细考虑电的问题。

2015年12月四级英语考试真题与答案解析作文（一）周思远题目：For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Learning is a daily experience and a lifelong mission。

” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning。

You should write at least 120 words， no more than 180 words。

参考文：Currently in this constantly changing world， learning becomes a seemingly convenient but actually more complex matter。

As an old saying goes，” Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission”。

Apparently， the meaning of this saying is that if we truly desire to learn something， we are supposed to devote our life to it。

There are several reasons accounting for this viewpoint。

For one thing，learning itself is an actually complicated and painful matter， and as a result， it is advisable for us to commit much more time even our whole life to it。

2015 英语专业四级真题及答案解析TESTFORENGLISH MAJORS (2015)-GRADE FOUR -TIME LIMIT 130 MIN PART I DICTATION Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, which intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check throughyour work once morPlease write the whole passage on Answer Sheet One.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Section A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE. Listencarefully and then answer thequestions that follow Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet TwSECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversation. Listen to the conversation carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questionNow, listen to the conversation.1.Why is the trip to Mars a one -way triA.The return trip is too expensiveB.There is no technology to get people backC.People don ' t want to returD.The return trip is too risky.2.According to the man, what is more important for those recruitA.Intelligence. B. Health. C. Skills. D. Calmness.3.What is the last part of the conversation abouA. The kind of people suitable for the triB.Interests and hobbies of the speakerC.Recruitment of people for the trip. D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Question 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questionsNow, listen to the conversation.4.What is showroominA.Going to the high streeB.Visiting everyday shopsC.Buying things like electrical goods. D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPA. shoes B. CDs C. camera D.food6.According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmasshopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7.One reason for people to showroom is that thA.want to know more about priciB.can return the product latC.want to see the real thing first D.can bargain for a lower shop priceQuestion 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questionsNow, listen to the conversation.8.What is the conversation mainly abouA.How to avoid clashes of examB.How to schedule examC.How to use the faculty loungD.How to choose the courses.9.What does the student have to do first in order to take the examA.To choose a date on the draft schedulB.To find the information on the bulletin boarC.To draw up the final schedulD.To arrange an invigilator.10.According to the conversation, the Dean wiA.sign the sheet in the faculty lounB.take care of the bulletin boaC. consult the students D.finalize the exam schedule SECTION BPASSAGEIn this section, you will hear several passage. Listen to the passage carefully and then answerthe questions that followingQuestion 11 to 13 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, youwill be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.11.Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12.The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13.Where can tourists see the fish marketA.In Stockton Street. B.In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth SquareD. In Bush Street.Question 14 to 17 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questionsNow, listen to the conversation.14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passageA. Obesity can damage one' s healthB. Obesity is a growing problem all over the worldC. Obesity is directly related to one' s habitD. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleeB. learn more aboutthe link between sleep and weighC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids' weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16.According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around___ hoursA. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsQuestion 18 to 20 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early -age smokingA. gender B. personality C. environmentD. money19.Which of the following statements is CORRECTA.Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage yearsB.Most early -age smokers soon stop experimentinC.Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimentinD.Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes. 20.All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ A.strong peer influenB. low sense of achievemeC.high sense of rebellion D.closefamily relationship SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21.Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunchA.The school stopped providing school luncB.Their parents failed to pay for school luncC.Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch. D.These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school' s way of handling the situationA. They were upseB. They were furiousC. They were surprisedD. They were sad.Question 23 to 24 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questionsNow, listen to the news.23.According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital keyA.Guests can pay without going to the front desB.Guests can go direct to their roomC.Guests can check out any timD.Guests can make room reservations.24.The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.Question 25 to 26 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questionsNow, listen to the news.25.According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ __A.will return to the U.K. for medical treatmeB.will remain in South Africa for medical treatmeC.will stand trial in South Africa once proved fD.will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26.What was Dewani accused ofA.Having his wife killeB. Killing his wife in the U.C.Being involved in a taxi accident.D.Hiring a crew of hit men.Question17 is based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the questionNow, listen to the news.27.The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT___ A.the use of force by European Union trooB.the suspension of an existing arms embarC.the extension of U.N. peacekeeping mission D.the ban on travel and freeze of assetsQuestion 28 is based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5seconds to answer the questionNow, listen to the news.28.What is the news mainly aboutA.Causes of early death in RussiB.Behavior of alcoholicC.Causes of alcohol poisoning.D.Number of death over 10 years.Question 29 and 30 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the questions.29.The total investment in film -making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ A.￡945 milliB.￡1.07 billiC.￡500,00D.￡87,00030.Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___A.The UK is a good film locatiB.The cast usually comesfrom BritaC.Hollywood emphasizes quality D.Production cost can be reduced PART III CLOZEDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 31 ___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads arebrightly lit, enabling people and32 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising hasbecome part of the 33 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 34 ___ devices are poweredby electricity. 35 ___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity isworking for us, 37 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider whyor how they run——39 ___ something goes wrongIn the summer of 1959, something 40 __ go wrong with the power-plant thatprovided NewYork with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 43 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n)46 ___ became as gloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, 48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and50 ___ as anybody else. 31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32.A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33.A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surfa34.A. money -saving B. time -saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35.A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequent36.A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quick37.A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving 38.A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. rememb39.A. when B. if C. until D. aft40.A. did B. would C. could D. Shou41.A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill42.A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helple43.A. although B. when C. as D. even 44.A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45.A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floo46.A. time B. instant C. point D. minu47.A. like B. than C. for D. 48.A. for B. and C. butD. 49.A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50.A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecided PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentencethere are fourworks ,phrases or statements marked A,B,C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentences.Mark your answer on Answer Sheet Two.51.When you have finished with that book, don' t forget to put it back on the shelf, ____?A. don ' t youB. do youC. will youD. won ' t you52.Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53.Which of the following statements is INCORRECTA.Only one out of six were present at the meetinB.Ten dollars was stolen from the cash registeC.Either my sister or my brother iswronD.Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54.Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tenseA.My friend teaches chemistry in a schooB.I ' ll give it to you after I returC.What is the matter with yoD.London stands on the River Thames.55.It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56.There is no doubt ____ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57.All the President' s Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study the WatergateScandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58.If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you much better than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59.Which of the following is a stative verb ( 静态动词)?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60.Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61.The following are all correct responses to“Who told the news EXCEPTtotheteacher?”___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62.Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63.Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingnessA.What will you do when you graduatB.They will be home by noC.Who will go with me? D.Why will you go there alone?64.When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65.There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66.Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67.Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68.The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69.Davis accepted the defeat in the semi -final with good grace. The underlined part is closest in meaning to ___ ___.70.__ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the cityA. Civil B. Civilized C. Civilian D. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road- building programme to ease congestion. Theunderlined part means __ ___A. calm B. relieve C. comfort D. still72.His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPT ____.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73.The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74.During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75.The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76.To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities includingconferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77.His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78.The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79.These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80.A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part means _____A.distributing B. handling C. dividing D. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIOIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, eachwith four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that you think is the bestanswerMark your answers on Answer Sheet TwoText Inundatedby more informationthan we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasinglyhanding off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory–and expecting that informationwill be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habitsResearch conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at ColumbiaUniversity, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connectioninstead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll be able to locate inf-ordination down theline leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long -term memory. Especially in the case of children, factual knowledge must precede skill, says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days ofdrilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying tocontemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it, The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend. If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google' s eyeglasses are supposed to _ __.[A]improve our memor[B]function like memor[C]help us see facesbette[D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, ―cognitive habits ‖refers to _ __.[A]how we deal with informati[B]functions of human memo[C] the amount of information [D]the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow' s research is CORRECT?[A]We remember people and things as much as befor[B]We remember more Internet connections than before. [C]We pay equal attention to location and content of information[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84.What does the author mean by ―context ‖?[A]It refers to long - term memor[B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge. [D]It refers to the search engine.85.What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory. [B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones[D]People need to exercise their memoryText BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothingabout medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritisspecialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns( 住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they hadrecently graduated from the medical school, so theywere technically MDI began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, wewere to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five -piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71 -year-old Mr. Adams ，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气).He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going onIt's really hot in here, Doc, he repliedSo I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would returnin a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbyeAt 8:40 am., during our team meeting, Code Blue Room 307! blared from the loudspeaker.I frozeThat was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he wasmotionless.The autopsy ( 尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clothad formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86.Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A]He himself wanted to have practice. [B]Students of all majors had to do so.[C]It was part of his medical training. [D]He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author' s team members had __[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledg[C]long been workingthere[D]some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attentionEXCEPT __ __[A]moving difficult[B]steadytemperatur[C]faster heart rat[D]breathing problem89.―His symptoms had been textbook‖means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook [C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook90.At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimi[B]hesitation [C]concer[D]supporTEXT The war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest publichealth success stories - but not for everyoneAs a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the USsmoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states -Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabamato name just a few - seem to have missed the message thatsmoking is deadlyTheir failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan.11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emergeThe report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smokingmovement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, manyare outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces.Millions of lives have been savedThe formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air publicservice ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke -free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price -sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the stateswith the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low -tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of thetaxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start. Anti -smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does counting mean in the context[A] Continuing.[B] Including.[C] Calculating.[D] Relying on.92.According to the context, Their failure refers to__ _____[A] those adults who continue to smo[B]those states that missed the messa[C]findings of the repo[D]hazards of smoking93.The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT_____[A]rejecting by the publ[B] cigarette warning labe[C]anti -smoking campaig[D]anti-smoking legislation94.According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes_______[A]is unfair to the po[B]is an effective measu[C]increases public reven[D]fails to solve the problem 95.What is the passage mainly about[A]How to stage anti -smoking campaign[B]The effects of the report on smoking and healt[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking. [D]The efforts to cut down on teenage smokingTEXT DAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not spoil their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums( 发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toysAttachment Parenting is not afraid of tears parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is thatwe understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions andnot manipulation. And our children understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be rewarded for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it isour job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold ourchildren through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children, In feet, I'm pretty free -range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world, Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them, But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015)-GRADE FOUR-PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don 't want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop price Conversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam schedule SECTION B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street. Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one 's h. ealthB. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one 's habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids ' weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school ' s way of handling the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad. News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men.News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. £45 millionB. £.07 billionC. $00,000D. £7,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___ .A. The UK is a good film locationB. The cast usually comes from BritainC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 31 __ _ werarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brigh tly lit,enabling people and32 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 33 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 34 ___ devices are powered by electric ity. 35 ___when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 37 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses andsubways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider why or how they ru—n —39___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 40 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refused to move a nd the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 43 _ __ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue i n a(n)46 ___ became asgloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their h ouses,48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just a sconfused and50 ___ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill42. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don ' t forget to put it back on the shelf,___ ?A. don 't youB. do youC. will youD. won' t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I 'll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language __ the cultural background that makes the filmdifficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ___ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President 's Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study theWatergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you much better thanI can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb （静态动词）?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?EXCEPT __ ___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There __ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hourearlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ __ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no __ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part isclosest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair inthe city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. Theunderlined part means __ ___.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined partmeans all the following EXCEPT ______ .A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means .A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ __ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities includingconferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ __ .A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ____ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part meansA. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store.The underlined part means __ ___.A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arranging PART V READING COMPREHENSIONText AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about WhOeVer you're IOOk ing at. But new research shows that OutSOurC ing Our memor-a nd expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cOgnitiVe habits.Research cOnducted by Betsy SparrOw, an assistant prOfessOr Of psychOIOgy at COIumbia UniVersity, has identified three new reaIities abOut hOw we prOcess infOrmatiOn in the Internet age. First, her experiments shOwed that when we dOn't knOw the answer tO a questiOn, we nOw think abOut where we can find the nearest Web cOnnectiOn instead Of the subject Of the questiOn itseIf.A secOnd reVeIatiOn is that when we expect tO be abIe tO find infOrmatiOn again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll he able to locate inf orination down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'II be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go;they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table andmemorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google ' s eyeglasses are ossuepdp to _ __.[A] i mprove our memory [B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better [D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, “cognitive habits ” refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information [B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information [D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow ' s research is CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D] We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by “ context ”?[A] It refers to long-term memory. [B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge. [D]It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A] W eb connections aid our memory.[B] P eople differ in what to remember.[C] People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea,but it overlooked one detail:second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie Iike myself) .In additi On there Were two in terns 住院实习医生).TheSe guyswere just as green as I wa ，sbut in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams ，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting （喘气）. He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy （尸体解剖 ） later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism （肺部栓塞 ）. A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breathdespite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help. This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A] H e himself wanted to have practice.[B] S tudents of all majors had to do so.[C] It was part of his medical training.88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attentionEXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty [B]steady temperature[C] faster heart rate [D]breathing problem89. “His symptoms had been textbook ” means that his symptoms were _ ___. [A]part of the textbook [B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook [D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical educationsystem.[A]optimism [B]hesitation [C]concern [D]supportTEXT C[D] He was on a researchteam.87. We learn that the author [A]much practical experience [C]long been working there ' s team members had __. [B] adequate knowledge [D]some professional deficiencyThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including. [C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ __ .[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT .[A] rejecting by the public [B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns [D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ _ .[A] is unfair to the poor [B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue [D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT DAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they n eed and regardless Of What is PraCtiCaI. I ndulge nt Pare nts give toys for tan trum发脾气）, ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they Want, they give their Children everything that they need. AttaChment Parents believe that love and Comfort are free and neCessary. Not sWeets or toys.AttaChment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" Parenting. Our kids Cry. The differenCe is that We understand that tantrums and tears Come from emotions and not maniPulation. And our Children understand this too, They Cry and have tantrums sometimes, of Course. But they do this beCause their emotions are so overWhelming that they need to get it out. They do not exPeCt to be "reWarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simPly exPeCt that We Will listen. We PiCk uP our babies When they Cry, and We resPond to the tears of our older Children beCause We believe firmly that Comfort is free, love is free, and that When a Child has need for Comfort and love, it is our job to Provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our Children through them and teaCh them that When they are hurt or frustrated We are here to Comfort them and helP them Work through their emotions.AttaChment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not Cling to my Children, In feet, I'm Pretty free-range. As soon as they Can move they usually move aWay from me and let me set uP a Chase as they CraWl, run, skiP and hoP on their merry Way to exPlore the World, Sure, I Carry them and hug them and Chase them and kiss them and roCk them and sleeP With them, But this is not me folloWing them everyWhere and Pulling them baCk to me. This is me being a home base. The "attaChment" Comes from their being alloWed to attaCh to us, not from us attaChing to them like Parental leeChes.AttaChment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless Parenting, We are not doing it for us, and We are not doing it to torment ourselves, AttaChment Parenting is not HeliCoPter Parenting. I don't hover, I suPervise, I folloW, I teaCh, I demonstrate, I exPlain. I don't slaP Curious hands aWay, I shoW hoW to do things safely, I let my Child do the things that my Child Wishes to do, first With helP and then With suPervision and finally With trust, I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand When We Walk on the sideWalk beCause I knoW that I Can reCall him With my voiCe beCause he trusts me to alloW him to exPlore and he trusts me to exPlain When something is dangerous and to helP him satisfy his Curiosities safely.Most of the negative things that I hear about "attaChment Parents" are ComPletely off-base and desCribe something that is entirely unlike AttaChment Parenting. AttaChment Parenting is Child-CentriC and foCuses on the needs of the Child. Children need struCture, rules, and boundaries. AttaChment Parents simPly believe that the Child and the Parent are allies, not adversaries, And that Children are taught, not trained.96. What makes attaChment Parents different from indulgent Parents is that they .A. shoW more love to their ChildrenB. think love is more importantC. prefer both love and toys in parentingD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?。

2015英语专业四级真题及答案解析TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT 130 MINPART I DICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, which intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on Answer Sheet One..PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Section A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversation. Listen to the conversation carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Question 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceQuestion 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passage. Listen to the passage carefully and then answer the questions that following.Question 11 to 13 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Question 14 to 17 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one’s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one’s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids’ weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsQuestion 18 to 20 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school’s way of handling the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.Question 23 to 24 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150Question 25 to 26 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men.Question17 is based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.27. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsQuestion 28 is based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.28. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.Question 29 and 30 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. £945 millionB. £1.07 billionC. £500,000D. £87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___.A. The UK is a good film locationB. The cast usually comes from BritainC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 31 ___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and32 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 33 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 34 ___ devices are powered by electricity. 35 ___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 37 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider why or how they run——39 ___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 40 __ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 43 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ betweentwo floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 46 ___ became as gloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, 48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and50 ___ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill42. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four works ,phrases or statements marked A,B,C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentences.Mark your answer on Answer Sheet Two.51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ____?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ____ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you much better than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?”EXCEPT _____?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64.When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined partis closest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. The underlined part means __ ___.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPT ____.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part means __ ___.A.distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.Text AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory – and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll be able to locate inf -ordination down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google’s eyeglasses are supposed to _ __.[A]improve our memory[B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better[D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, ―cognitive habits‖ refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by ―context‖?[A]It refers to long-term memory.[B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge.[D]It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory.[B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending.I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room. When we arrived, he was motionless. The autopsy(尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A]He himself wanted to have practice.[B]Students of all majors had to do so.[C]It was part of his medical training.[D]He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author’s team members had __.[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledge[C]long been working there[D]some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attention EXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty[B]steady temperature[C]faster heart rate[D]breathing problem89. ―His symptoms had been textbook‖ means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimism[B]hesitation[C]concern[D]supportTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, SouthDakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including. [C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ _____.[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT_____.[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns[D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ ____.[A] is unfair to the poor[B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue[D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT DAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums(发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And our children understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children, In feet, I'm pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world, Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them, But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The "attachment" comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting, We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves, Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover, I supervise,。

英语专四真题及答案解析TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015) -GRADE FOUR- PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all thefollowing things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one’s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one’s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents r educe their kids’ weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school’s way of handlin g the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men. News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. ￡945 millionB. ￡1.07 billionC. ￡500,000D. ￡87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___ .A. The UK is a good film locationC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted no wadays 31 ___ werarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, ro ads are brightly lit,when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity is working f or us, 37 ___ ourrefrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air- conditioned. Every day, trains, buses andsubways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider why or how the y run——39 ___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 40 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New Yorkwith electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refu sed to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopp ed working, so that 43 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ between two fl oors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famou s streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 46 ___ became asgloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses,48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just asconfused and50 ___ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ____?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. asA. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you much better than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?” EXCEPT __ ___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part is closest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. The underlined part means __ ___.72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPT ____.73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the universityheld a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part means __ ___.A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONText AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory –and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.81. Google’s eyeglasses are suppose d to _ __.[A]improve our memory[B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better[D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, “cognitive habits” refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research i s CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. Wha t does the author mean by “context”?[A]It refers to long-term memory.[B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge.[D]It refers to the searchengine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory.[B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea,but it overlooked onedetail:second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to hislungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the logof his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A]He himself wanted to have practice.[B]Students of all majors had to do so.[C]It was part of his medical training.[D]He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author’s team members had __.[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledge[C]long been working there [D]some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attention EXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty [B]steady temperature[C]faster heart rate [D]breathing problem89. “His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimism[B]hesitation[C]concern[D]supportTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was majornews then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokerswere cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including.[C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ _____.[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT_____.[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns[D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ ____.[A] is unfair to the poor [B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue [D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT Dchildren understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believeAttachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also notselfless parenting, We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves,Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover, I supervise, I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don't slap curious hands away, I show howto do things safely, I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust, I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.96. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is that they .A. show more love to their childrenB. think love is more importantC. prefer both love and toys in parentingD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.98. What does “free-range” mean according to the p assage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.99. Which of the following is NOT attachment parenting?A. Fostering their curiosity.B. Standing by and protecting.C. Showing them how things are done.D. Helping them do the right thing.100. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How to foster love in children.B. How to build child confidence.C. Different types of parenting.D. Parent-child relationships.答案解析：PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. / There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 135 MIN PART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]1In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.- 1 -21. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A.The return trip is too expensive.B.There is no technology to get people back.C.People don't want to return.D.The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A.Intelligence.B.Health.C.Calmness.D.Skills.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A.The kind of people suitable for the trip.B.Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C.Recruitment of people for the trip.D.Preparation for the trip to Mars.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.3Now, listen to the conversation.4. What is showrooming?A.Going to the high street.B.Visiting everyday shops.C.Visiting shops and buying online.D.Buying things like electrical goods.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPT_A.CDsB.shoesC.cameraD.food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmasshopping was ____ .A.3%4B.33%C.42%D.24%- 2 -57. One reason for people to showroom is that they .A.want to see the real thing firstB.want to know more about pricingC.can return the product laterD.can bargain for a lower shop priceQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8. What is the conversation mainly about?A.How to avoid clashes of exams.B.How to schedule exams.C.How to use the faculty lounge.D.How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A.To draw up the final schedule.B.To arrange an invigilator.6C.To choose a date on the draft schedule.D.To find the information on the bulletin board.10. According to the conversation, the Dean will .A.sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB.take care of the bulletin boardC.consult the studentsD.finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that followQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.- 3 -711. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A.New York.B.San Francisco.C.Boston.D.San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts _ tourists a year.A.20,000B.100,000C.17 millionD.7 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A.In Stockton Street.B.In Grant Avenue.C.In Portsmouth Square.D.In Bush Street.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.8Now, listen to the passage.14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Obesity can damage one's health.B.Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C.Obesity has affected both boys and girls.D.Obesity is directly related to one's habit.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to _ .A.learn more about the link between sleep and weightB.find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepC.identify the ways parents reduce their kids' weightD.see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should bearound _____ hours.A.8B.9C.109D.11- 4 -1017. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to .A.raceB.genderC.sleep timeD.parentsQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.18. According to a number of studies, __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A.genderB.personalityC.environmentD.money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.B.Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C.Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.11D.Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT _ .A.strong peer influenceB.low sense of achievementC.high sense of rebellionD.close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.- 5 -1221. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A.The school stopped providing school lunch.B.Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.C.Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.D.These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school's way of handling the situation?A.They were upset.B.They were surprised.C.They were furious.D.They were sad.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A.Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B.Guests can go direct to their rooms.13C.Guests can check out any time.D.Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ____ of its hotels in the next threemonths.A.2B.3C.100D.150Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani .A.will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trialB.will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC.will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD.will return to the U.K. for medical14旗开得胜treatment - 6-1526. What was Dewani accused of?A.Killing his wife in the U.K.B.Being involved in a taxi accident.C.Hiring a crew of hit men.D.Having his wife killed.Question 27 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.27. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT _ .A.the suspension of an existing arms embargoB.the use of force by European Union troopsC.the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD.the ban on travel and freeze of assetsQuestion 28 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.28. What is the news mainly about?16A.Behavior of alcoholics.B.Causes of early death in Russia.C.Causes of alcohol poisoning.D.Number of death over 10 years.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was .A.£945B.£1.07 billionC.£500,000D.£87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because .A.the UK is a good film locationB.the cast usually comes from BritainC.Hollywood emphasizes qualityD.production cost can be reduced17旗开得胜- 7 -18PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays (31) we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and (32) to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the (33) of every modern city.In the home, many (34)devices are powered by electricity. (35)_____ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are(36) ______asleep, electricity is working for us, (37)_____our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely (38)to consider why or how they run -(39) something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something (40)go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a (41). Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in thedark, (42)to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that (43) you were19lucky enough not to be (44)between two floors, you had the unpleasant taskof finding your way down (45) _____________________ of stairs.Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) (46) ____________________ became as gloomy and uninviting (47) the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, (48)although the police had been ordered to (49)_____in case of emergency, they were just as confused and (50) ____________ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C.traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C.distinction. D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C.energy-saving D. labour-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C.Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C.closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C.repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C.hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C.until D. after40. A. did B. would C.could D. should41. A. pause B. terminal C.breakdown D. standstill20旗开得胜42. A. incompetent B. powerless C.hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C.as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C.positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C.flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C.point D. minute47. A. like B. than C.for D. as48. A. for B. and C.but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C.stand by D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecided21PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51. When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on the shelf, _________________________________________________________________________ .A. will youB. do youC. don't youD. won't you52. Mary is _______ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no soB. no moreC. not lessD. no less53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A.Five miles seem like a long walk to me.B.Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C.Either my sister or my brother is coming.D.Only one out of six were present at the meeting.2254. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A.My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B.I'll give it to you after I return.C.What is the matter with you?D.London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ t he cultural background that makes the film difficultto understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President's Men one of the important books for scholars who study theWatergate Scandal.A. remainB. remainedC. remainsD. is remaining- 11 -2358. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _ able to advise you much betterthan I can.A. will beB. would beC. wasD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词) ?A. Drink.B. Close.C. Rain.D. Belong.60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A.The man has a large family to support.B.She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C.He was the last guest to leave.D.Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPT_.A. Bob did thatB. Bob did soC. Bob did thisD. Bob did62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. A bit of flowers.B. Few words.24C. This work.D. Another two girls.63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A.What will you do when you graduate?B.They will be home by now.C.Who will go with me?D.Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, __ should feel fortunate.A. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There _ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. be66. Two of her brothers were____ during the Second World War.A. called onB. called upC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell ____ a t about $50 a case.A. wholesaleB. totallyC. entirelyD. together25旗开得胜- 12 -2668.The product contains no ___ c olours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. falseC. artificialD. wrong69.Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlinedpart is closest inmeaning to ____ .A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. _____and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the nationalmotor fairin the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71.The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to easecongestion. Theunderlined part means __A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72.His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. Theunderlined part27means all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73.The doctor said that the gash in his cheek required ten stitches. Theunderlined part means_.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74.During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and workers.A. lay intoB. lay offC. lay downD. lay aside75.The university consistently receives a high for the quality of its teaching andresearch.A. standardB. evaluationC. commentD. rating76.To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series ofactivities includingconferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means .A. celebrateB. signifyC. symbolizeD. suggest77.His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means .28旗开得胜A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78.The local newspaper has a __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow- 13 -29旗开得胜79.These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. Theunderlined part means____.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of thedepartment store. Theunderlined part means __ .A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinishedstatements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer SheetTwo. TEXT AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our heads, we'reincreasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart30phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory — and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available —is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll be able to locate information down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia — meaning that the days of drilling the31multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines will fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.- 15 -3281. Google's eyeglasses are supposed toA.improve our memoryB.function like memoryC.help us see faces betterD.work like smart phones82. According to the passage, "cognitive habits" refers toA.how we deal with informationB.functions of human memoryC.the amount of informationD.the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow's research is CORRECT?A.We remember people and things as much as before.B.We remember more Internet connections than before.C.We pay equal attention to location and content of information.D.We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by "context" ?A.It refers to long-term memory.33B.It refers to a new situation.C.It refers to a store of knowledge.D.It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?A.Web connections aid our memory.B.People differ in what to remember.C.People need to exercise their memory.D.People keep memory on smart phones.TEXT BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending — a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at34旗开得胜- 16 -35least to a rookie like myself). In addition, there were two interns (住院实现医生). These guys were just as green as I was, but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five — piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting(喘着). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker.I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.36When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naïve as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?A.He himself wanted to have practice.B.Students of all majors had to do so.C.It was part of his medical training.D.He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author's team members hadA.some professional deficiencyB.much practical experience37C.adequate knowledgeD.long been working there- 17 -3888. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught hisattention EXCEPT ___ .A.steady temperatureB.faster heart rateC.breathing problemD.moving difficulty89. "His symptoms had been textbook" means that his symptoms were .A.part of the textbookB.explained in the textbookC.no longer in the textbookD.recently included in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses a bout the medical education system.A.optimismB.hesitationC.supportD.concern39TEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories — but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states — Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama, to name just a few —seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.40The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack — three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.- 18 -41New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke — far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking —far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?A.Including.B.Calculating.C.Relying on.D.Continuing.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to .A.those adults who continue to smoke42B.those states that missed the messageC.findings of the reportD.hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT ____________________________________________________________________________ .A.cigarette warning labelsB.rejection by the publicC.anti-smoking campaignsD.anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes .A.is unfair to the poorB.is an effective measureC.increases public revenueD.fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?A.How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.B.The effects of the report on smoking and health.43。

PART I DICTA‎TIONMale and Femal‎e Roles‎in Marri‎a geIn the tradi‎t iona‎l marri‎a ge, the man worke‎d to earn money‎for the famil‎y. / The woman‎staye‎d at home to care for the child‎r en and her husba‎n d. / In recen‎t years‎, many coupl‎e s conti‎n ue to have a tradi‎t iona‎l relat‎i onsh‎i p of this kind. / Some peopl‎e are happy‎with it. But other‎s think‎diffe‎r entl‎y. /There‎are two major‎diffe‎r ence‎s in male and femal‎e roles‎now. / One is that both men and women‎have many more choic‎e s. / They may choos‎e to marry‎or stay singl‎e. / They may choos‎e to work or to stay at home. / A secon‎d diffe‎r ence‎is that, withi‎n marri‎a ge many decis‎i ons are share‎d. / If a coupl‎e has child‎r en, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman‎may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women‎now decid‎e these‎thing‎s toget‎h er in a marri‎a ge.听写指导：由题目可以‎判定，文章围绕男‎性和女性在‎婚姻中的角‎色展开，第一段介绍‎了传统婚姻‎中两性的角‎色，而第二段对‎当今社会中‎两性在婚姻‎中的角色进‎行了具体的‎论述。

英语四级完形填空答案1. B. They enjoyed the movie on spaceexploration.2. A. At a gift shop.3. C. He declined a job offer from the artgallery.4. D. He will be unable to attend the birthdayparty.5. B. Set a deadline for the staff to meet.6. A. They way to the vi sitor’s parking.7. D. He has benefited from exercise.8. D. The secretaries in the man’s company.9. B. It is used by more people than English.10. C. The influence of the British Empire.11.It includes a lot of words from other languages.12.To place an order13.He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.14.It depends on a number of factors.15.Ring back when she comes to a decision.16. No one knows for sure when they came into being.17.Carry ropes across river.18.To prove the lighting is electricity.19.She can speak several languages.20.They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21.She was able to translate for a German sports judge.22.Taste the beef and give her comment.23.He grew up in a poor single parent household.24.Stupid25.Write two book reports a week.27.fascinating29.Now and then32.characteristics34.naked35.relatively翻译第一版云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。

2015年6月13日四级答案解析（持续更新中）第一篇As is graphically depicted in the cartoon, a young girl istalking with her mother. She says ironically, “Good news mom!I wasaccepted to the college of your choice!” Then, her mother smilesand seems content with this result. Apparently, the cartoon aims toreveal the fact that a majority of modern parents play anincreasingly negative role in their children’s growth.第一段三句话，描写图中大体现象、细节描写对话内容和人物反应、揭示图画的目的。

There are several possible reasons accountable for thisphenomenon（中心句）. T o begin with, family in growing numbers has onlyone child; therefore, parents oftentimes focus all their attentionson that child and exert much pressure on him or her（原因一）. Moreover,numerous parents intend to realize their unfulfilled dreams byletting their children learn what they failed to learn and applyfor the college by which they failed to be accepted, because theyhave become richer and they believe that they have the power tomake what they wanted and want come true now（原因二）. For instance, myuncle used to be a poor man and his dream that one day he wouldbecome a violinist was broken because of lack of money. But he madea fortune by selling coals, and then forced his son, my youngerbrother to practice playing the violin. My brother was a huge fanof sports, but now he has to play violin everyday unwillingly andofter quarrels with theirparents（举例：原来-然后-结局）.To sum up, it is unreasonable for parents to control theirchildren’s life（总结句）. In order to help them grow happily andhealthily, parents are supposed to communicate with their kidsabout what they are really interested in（建议一，目的句型）. Meanwhile, itis about time that parents let their kids make their ownchoices（建议二，“是时候”句型）. Only in these ways will children grow in apsychologically happy environment and realize their owndreams.写作第二篇As is graphicallydepicted in the cartoon, modern life has been dominated bycomputers. No matter the young man is in the office, at home, andin his spare time, the only friend he has is a computer. Even whenhe sleeps, what is in his dream is still the computer. Apparently,the cartoon aims to reveal the fact that the computer has begun toplay a negative role in the modern life.第一段三句话，第一句大体描写，第二句细节描写，第三句话揭示图画目的。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most. "All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ," U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of action .Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and schoolteachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A. AnnouncingB. beneficialC. challengesD. commitmentE. componentF. contestsG. criticallyH. developI. distributing J. enhance K. entitled L. potentialM. properly N. qualified O. retainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodA） Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts regularly criticize them severely for selling food that makes people fat. Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolizes calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer. The burger businessfaces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.B) Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such "trading down” proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C) As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased. Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn. Pan era Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D) But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularlyhard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.E） Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that strategy did not work. Last year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favor of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, up from 12% last October.F） Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But the downturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Bell and Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger King introduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.G）Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald’s started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its " Mc Cafe" line now accounts for an estimated 6% of salesin America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Best coffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.H) As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald’s will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be very profitable, says Sara Senator of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps. The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumers products they want all day," says Rick Carlucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.I) But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger. But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.J)In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr. Palmer of UBS. America’s health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu. A studyby the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunlin Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it is said, that menu-labeling could favor chains that have more healthy offerings.K) In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to continue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell more vegetables, more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says. But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie” Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.47. Fast-food fins may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.48. Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.50. During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52. During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.53. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54. Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.55. A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B. It will protect them from sunburn.C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D. It will work for people of any skin color.57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C. It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D. It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?A. It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C. It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?A. Using both covering up and sunscreen.B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuadedmany observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defamed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A. Younger people are replacing the elderly.B. Well-educated people tend to work longer.C. Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D. People with no college degree do not easily find work.62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A. Longer life expectancies.B. A rapid technological advance.C. Profound changes in the workforce.D. A growing number of the well-educated.63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A. Economic growth will slow down.B Government budgets will increase.C. More people will try to pursue higher education.D. There will be more competition in the job market.64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B. More people have to receive in-service training.C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?A. Computers will do more complicated work.B. More will be taken by the educated young.C. Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Part Ⅳ Translation ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。