初中英语宾语从句与感叹句用法
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宾语从句一、含义在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫作宾语从句。
它在句中可以充当及物动词或介词的宾语。
例:我不知道他们打算干什么I don't know what they are going to do.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作We are thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.二、宾语从句的引导词1.当宾语从句是陈述句时,通常由that引导。
that本身无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,可省略。
例:他说她会在晚饭前完成他的工作He said (that) he could finish his work before supper.我认为他是个非常聪明的男孩I think (that) he is a very clever boy.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,要用if或whether引导,意为是否,不能省略,一般情况下可互换。
你能告诉我澳大利亚的冬天下雪吗?Could you please tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?他问我是否喜欢看电视He asked me if/whether I like watching TV.注意:只能用whether不用if的情况:(1).与or not连用时,用whetherLet me know whether he will come or not.让我知道他是否能来(2).当宾语从句位于介词之后,只能用whetherIt all depends on whether it will be fine next week.(3).与不定式连用时,只能用whetherHe hasn’3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,连接词就是特殊疑问词。
你能告诉我你为什么开会迟到吗?Could you please tell me why you were late for the meeting?我们不知道他什么时候回来We don’t know when she would come back.三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句必须用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”,因此当疑问句转变为宾语从句时一定要注意语序。
(一)宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
We know Mr Green teaches English.She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素1. 引导词(连接词)2. 语序3. 时态一)由that引导的宾语从句注:从句是陈述句时,引导词用that,that 在句中无词汇意义,往往省略。
1. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour2. He said (that) he missed us very much3. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun二)由if / whether引导的宾语从句当从句是一般疑问句时,引导词用if 或whether。
注意:从句要用陈述句语序Ⅰ. if和whether引导宾语从句时,“是否”讲,一般情况下,可以换用。
Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater. 米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。
The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain. 渔民想知道天是否会下雨。
Ⅱ. if和whether引导宾语从句时,要注意宾语从句三要素,即连词、语序和时态。
由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句,要注意从句语序改为陈述句语序。
Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me?→Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?Ⅲ. if和whether的区别:二者在下列几种情况下不能换用:1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,与or not直接连用时,应用whether,不用if。
宾语从句的特殊用法
宾语从句的特殊用法是指在一个句子中,宾语是一个由引导词引导的
完整的从句。
宾语从句可以包括以下几种特殊用法:
1. 间接引语:宾语从句可以用于报告或间接引述别人的话或思想。
例如,他说他今天不舒服(即“他说‘我今天不舒服’。
”)。
2. 感叹句:宾语从句可以用于表达感叹或惊讶的情绪。
例如,我很吃
惊他竟然通过考试了(即“我很吃惊,他竟然通过考试了!”)。
3. 使役动词后:宾语从句可以作为某些使役动词的宾语,表示命令、
建议、请求等。
例如,我建议你去看医生(即“我建议:你去看医生。
”)。
4. 问句的主语:宾语从句可以作为某些疑问句的主语。
例如,谁会赢
得比赛是个未知数(即“赢得比赛的是谁是个未知数。
”)。
5. 不定式的宾语:宾语从句可以通过不定式的方式表达。
例如,他决
定什么时候来(即“他决定:什么时候来。
”)。
总之,宾语从句的特殊用法丰富多样,可以在不同的语境中灵活运用,以达到准确、清晰地表达意思的目的。
宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
它是众多从句中的一员,在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。
在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如: I know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如: I know that the man is a policeman.主句引导词从句宾语从句三大块: 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择; 2. 宾语从句的语序;3. 宾语从句的时态。
Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
如:My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I know …2. She says …3. Tell your friend …(that)1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
如:I don’t know/whether Jim is a good student.Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know …2.I want to know …3.The teacher asks …if/whether1.Is he reading ?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV ?5.Will they read books ?6.Can you sing ?注意:只能用whether不用if 的三种情况•一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:•①与or not连用:He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not.•②在介词之后:It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings•③在不定式之前:We haven’t decided whether to go there. I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。
中英语语法口诀:【宾语从句感叹、反意句】初中英语阅初中英语语法口诀:宾语从句用法宾语从句用法「速记口诀」宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。
一、是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。
二、是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。
三、是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。
「妙语诠释」宾语从句应注意三点:①引导词,陈述句一般由that引导,这时的that可以省略;一般疑问句则由if或whe-ther引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。
②时态,主句是现在时态,从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态,从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。
③语序,宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序。
感叹句用法「速记口诀」感叹句,并不难,what、how放句前;强调名词用what,其余用how很简单。
「妙语诠释」由what引导的感叹句一般修饰名词,而how引导的感叹句一般修饰形容词、副词或句子。
[1.What+a/an+adj.+n.+(主语+v.)! 2.How +adj.+the+n.+v. 3.What +adj.+不可数名词或名词复数+(主语+v.)]反意疑问句用法「速记口诀」反意问句三要点,前后谓语正相反;短句not如出现,必须缩写是习惯;最后一点应注意,短句主语代词填。
「妙语诠释」①反意疑问句的构成应该是“肯定的陈述句+否定的疑问”或“否定的陈述句+肯定的疑问”;②在短句中not 必须与do,will,can等组成缩写形式;③在简短问句中,疑问句的主语必须是代词,而不能用名词形式。
【注意在句子中表示否定的单词few, little, never, hardly,no, none, nobody等,】。
宾语从句宾语从句用法详解置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that (that 常可省略),whethe r, if代词:who, whose, what ,which副词:when ,where, how, why 等。
五. that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合t hat可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagin e, wonder, know, suppos e, see, believ e, agree, admit,deny, expect, explai n, order, comman d, feel, dream,sugge s t, hear, mean, notice, prefer, reques t, requir e, propos e, declar e, report等。
例句:The boy believ es that he will travel throug h spaceto otherplanet s.注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believ e, suppos e, expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句:I don‘t thinkit is rightfor him to treatyou like that.在以下情况中t hat不能省略1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由tha t引导的宾语从句时,第一个tha t可省,但后面的th at不可省。
一、宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。
一. 宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,可以作动词的宾语,也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语:I heard that he would come here later on.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语:He said nothing about who broke the win dow last ni ght.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语二■宾语从句中引导词(1)由that引导的宾语从句that在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接主句和从句的作用。
that不用翻译出来,在口语中常常省略,这种宾语从句常是陈述句充当的。
The trouble is that we are short of mon ey.⑵由连词“ if”或“ whether”引导。
Whether或if在句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,但不能省略。
翻译为“是否”。
这种宾语从句主要是一般疑问句充当的。
Do you know if Mr Smith is at home?(3)由连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what 或连接畐U词when, where, how, why等引导。
连接代词或连接副词位于从句的前面,起连接主句和从句的作用,从句用陈述句语序。
这种宾语从句主要是特殊疑问句充当的。
Do you know who broke the win dow?I don ' t know when I shall finish.I won der if the n ews is true.⑷ 在某些形容词之后的从句有时也被看作宾语从句。
如afraid, sure, sorry, glad, worried, aware, con fide nt, angry 等。
They were angry that they had lost the cha nee.Can you tell me where the library is?I ' m sorry that I ' m late.三■宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。
2018年寒假语法篇一、感叹句1. 感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。
what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,2. 感叹句结构主要有以下几种:How+ 形容词或副词+主语+谓语How + 形容词+ a +名词+主语+谓语What + a/an+形容词+名词单数+ 主语+谓语What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 主语+谓语What+ 形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语What an interesting story it is! What fine weather it is! What beautiful flowers they are!【说明】在感叹句中,What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词,若其前面的形容词为元音开头,则用an。
what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。
但有些不可数名词,如rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,当前面有形容词修饰,使抽象名词具体化时,则要用what a / an,如:What a heavy rain it is! What a great surprise it is! What a rich breakfast it is!3. 感叹句的省略常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。
What a naughty boy(he is)!4. 陈述句变感叹句:陈述句变为感叹句,可遵循“一断、二加、三换位、四改号”的原则。
一断:将原来的陈述句断成两部分,在谓语动词后断开。
二加:加适当的感叹词,断开的后半部分的中心词如果是名词,则要加what;如果是形容词或副词,则要加how。
如有very, too, quite 等词应去掉。
三换位:把改变后第一、二部分前后调整位置。
注意句中有关单词的大小写。
四改号:把原来的句号改为感叹号。
He is a good student. ------ He is / a good student. ------ He is (what) a good student. ----- What a good student he is.------ What a good student he is!She works very hard. ---- She works / very hard. ---- She works (how) hard. ---- How hard she works.------ How hard she works!练一练:用what, what a/an, how填空:1. ________ nice skirt it is!2. ________ interesting the film is!3. ________ beautiful the park are!4. ________ delicious food it is!5. ________ careless the man is!6. ________ wonderful ideas!7. ________ lovely the baby is!8. ________ cold weather it is!9. ________ clever boy (he is)!10. _______ interesting film this is! 11. Look! _______fast the boy is running!12. _______cold day it was yesterday!13. _______heavy the box is! I can’t carry it.14. _______interesting story he told us!15. _______nice the mooncakes are!16. _______bad weather!17. _______clever children all of you are!18. _______important news that is!19. _______time flies!20. _______beautiful flowers you bought me!把下列句子改为感叹句:1.How lazy the boy is!2.What an exciting movie it is!3.What delicious apples they are!4.How pure the water is!5.What a careful woman she is!6.They are running fast.7.Her sister is a very lovely girl.选择题:1. _____________ fine the weather is! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a2. ______ food you’ve cooked! a. How a nice b. What a nice c. How nice d. What nice3. _____________ great fun they had! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a4. ____________ heavy rain it was! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a5. ___________ fun place to go Shanghai is! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a6. __________ happy life the old live! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a7. ____________ nice fish they cooked! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a8. ____________ blue the sky is! a. What a b. What c. How d. How a9. ______ useful work you did! a. What b. How c. What a d. How a10. _________ time you had! a. What good b. How good c. What a good d. How a good time11. ______ exciting moment it is! a. What b. How c. What a d. What an12. ______ nice shoes! a. What b. How c. What a d. How a13. ______ she sings! a. How well b. How good c. What well d. What good14. ______ fast the boys are running! a. What b. How c. What a d. How a15. ______ the school is! a. What big c. How big c. What a big d. How a big二、宾语从句1、概念:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句;介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句中要用陈述句的语序。
2、宾语从句的连接词1)从属连词主要有:that;if;whether。
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,that没有词汇意义,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,常省略;if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。
He told that he would go to the college the next year. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.2)连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,which,whoever,whatever, whichever等,在从句中可充当主语、宾语等。
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.3)连接副词主要有when, where, why, how等,在从句中充当状语。
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you get to the new hotel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.宾语从句的引导词的选择坚持两个原则:看这个引导词的具体词汇意义;看这个引导词是否在从句中充当句子成分。
3、动词的宾语从句1)大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。
2.)部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?3)动词短语也可以带宾语从句make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.4、介词的宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.5、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised.I am sure I will pass the exam. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.6、if, whether在宾语从句中的区别①介词后一般不用if②whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.③在不定式前只能用whether。