时态讲义
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时态:“时”指动作发生的时间,“态”指动作的样子和状态。
频度副词常用来表示有规律的事情,所以频度复习通常为一般现在时标志词。
always 100%usually 90%normally 80% often 70%sometimes 50% occasionally 30%seldom 20%hardly ever 5%never 0%频度副词通常放在实意动词之前,be动词之后,情态动词、助动词与实意动词之间。
I always do homework in the afternoon. He is never kind to us.She can never know your secret.一般现在时:表示经常性、习惯性、规律性、真理性的动作或状态,或者动作有时间规律发生的事件的一种事件状态。
我们把一般现在时分为两种结构:有be动词的和有实义动词的。
有be动词的一般现在时:主语+be+其他主语+be+ not + 其他肯定句: I am a student. 否定句:I am not a student.有实意动词的一般现在时:主语+动词+其他主语+助动词+not +其他肯定句:I like birds. I don’t like birds.Lucy come from?A.doB. doesC.isD. are2.Most of the students China.A. comes fromB.is fromC. are fromD. come of3. He English every day.A. speakB. speaksC. speakingD. to speak4.My math teacher a big pair of glasses.A. wearsB. put onC. wearD. puts onyour father and mother ?A . does, do B. do, do C. are, do D. do, does改错。
时态讲解▲一般现在时态一、.结构:1.主语(非第三人称单数)+动作词(原形)+其它I play ping-pong quite well.否定句:I don't play ping-pong quite well.一般疑问句:Do you play ping-pong quite well?2.主语(第三人称单数)+动作词(三单)+其它He sleeps with the windows open.否定句:He doesn't sleep with the window open.一般疑问句:Does he sleep with the window open?3.注意:不能乱用be动词。
无动作词时,才能用be动词(am \ is \ are)I am a student.He is young.They are in the classroom.二、在什么情况下用一般现在时态:1.表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态;(常与usually,always,every day,twicea week,seldom,sometimes等时间状语连用)She always goes to school by bike.2.表示主语的性格、特征、能力、爱好_Do you like the material?_Yes, it feels very soft.3.在时间,条件,比较等状语从句中表示将来的动作。
从句一般由下列词引导:when,if,after,before,as,as soon as,the minute,the next time,incase,though,till,until,unless,so long as,whatever,whenever,wherever…The volleyball match will be put off if it _______(rain).I will begin the dictation when you ______(be) ready.4.表示客观事实或普遍真理,也用在格言中。
《现在进行时》讲义一、什么是现在进行时现在进行时是英语中一种重要的时态,用于描述正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
它的构成通常是“be 动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词(ing 形式)”。
例如:“I am reading a book”(我正在读一本书。
)“They are playing football”(他们正在踢足球。
)二、现在进行时的基本用法1、表示正在进行的动作这是现在进行时最常见的用法。
当我们想要强调某个动作正在此刻发生时,就会使用现在进行时。
比如:“She is cooking dinner in the kitchen”(她正在厨房做晚饭。
)“The children are watching TV in the living room”(孩子们正在客厅看电视。
)2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作有些动作不是在此时此刻正在进行,而是在当前的一段时间内持续发生的。
例如:“He is learning Spanish these days”(他这些天在学西班牙语。
)“We are preparing for the exam this week”(我们这周在为考试做准备。
)3、表示即将发生的动作在一些情况下,现在进行时可以表示计划、安排好即将要发生的动作,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如“soon”“tomorrow”“next week”等。
例如:“I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow”(我明天要去北京。
)“They are having a party next weekend”(他们下周末要举办一个派对。
)4、表示反复发生的动作有时,现在进行时还可以用于描述经常重复的动作,常带有感情色彩,如厌烦、赞美等。
比如:“He is always coming late”(他总是迟到。
)(这里带有不满的情绪)三、现在分词的构成1、一般情况下,直接在动词后加 ing如:read reading ;play playing ;sing singing2、以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,去掉 e 再加 ing如:write writing ;make making ;take taking3、以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加 ing如:run running ;swim swimming ;begin beginning4、少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词,要变 ie 为 y 再加 ing如:lie lying ;die dying ;tie tying四、现在进行时的否定和疑问形式1、否定形式在 be 动词后加 not 即可构成否定形式。
八大时态用法总结及经典习题1.一般现在时一.一般现在时用法1. 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用eg:I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学2. 一般现在时表示目前的情况或状态eg:She lives in Beijing. 她住在北京3. 一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理eg:Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起4.一般现在时表示格言或警句eg:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败5. 在时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
①when表示“当···”时,用一般现在时代替一般将来时when表示“何时”时,该用什么时态就用什么时态。
当···”)Please tell me when she will come here. (此处指“何时”)②if表示“是否”时,该用什么时态就用什么时态if表示“如果”时,用一般现在时代替一般将来时(此处指“如果”)I don’t know if he will come. (此处指“是否”)6.表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作,尤其指火车、飞机、等交通工具的出发时间,通常有表示将来的时间状语。
eg:The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20.7.在here/there加上v.+n.这类句型中,一般用现在时.eg:There goes the bus.8.表示人的心理状态、情感的词,如want,like等用一般现在时eg:He feels happy.二.经典例题1. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _______ around the sun.A. was movingB. movedC. has movedD. moves2.----When_____again?----When he_____,I’ll let you know.A.will he come,comesB.he comes,comesC.will he come,will comeD.he comes ,will come3.Who________English best in your class?A.speakB.speaksC.speakingD.say4.He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.A rose; setB rises; setsC rises, setD rise; sets5.We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain2.一般过去时一.一般过去时用法1. 一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。
动词的时态最新讲义及教案第一章:引言1.1 教学目标了解动词时态的概念和重要性掌握动词的基本时态及其用法1.2 教学内容动词时态的定义和分类一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的用法1.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解动词时态的概念和用法互动法:引导学生参与课堂活动,巩固所学知识第二章:一般现在时2.1 教学目标掌握一般现在时的构成和用法能够正确运用一般现在时描述习惯、状态和普遍真理2.2 教学内容一般现在时的构成:主语+动词原形一般现在时的用法:描述习惯、状态、普遍真理等2.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解一般现在时的构成和用法练习法:设计相关练习题,巩固一般现在时的运用第三章:一般过去时3.1 教学目标掌握一般过去时的构成和用法能够正确运用一般过去时描述过去的事情和动作3.2 教学内容一般过去时的构成:主语+动词过去式一般过去时的用法:描述过去的事情和动作3.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解一般过去时的构成和用法练习法:设计相关练习题,巩固一般过去时的运用第四章:一般将来时4.1 教学目标掌握一般将来时的构成和用法能够正确运用一般将来时描述将来的动作和计划4.2 教学内容一般将来时的构成:主语+will+动词原形一般将来时的用法:描述将来的动作和计划4.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解一般将来时的构成和用法练习法:设计相关练习题,巩固一般将来时的运用第五章:动词时态的混合运用5.1 教学目标掌握不同动词时态的混合运用能够正确运用动词时态描述复杂的时间顺序和情境5.2 教学内容动词时态的混合运用:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的组合不同情境下的动词时态选择:描述过去的事情、将来的计划和现在的状态等5.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解动词时态的混合运用和情境选择练习法:设计相关练习题,巩固动词时态的混合运用第六章:现在进行时6.1 教学目标掌握现在进行时的构成和用法能够正确运用现在进行时描述正在进行的动作或状态6.2 教学内容现在进行时的构成:主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词ing形式现在进行时的用法:描述正在进行的动作或当前的状态6.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解现在进行时的构成和用法情境模拟法:创设情境,让学生实际运用现在进行时进行交流第七章:过去进行时7.1 教学目标掌握过去进行时的构成和用法能够正确运用过去进行时描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作7.2 教学内容过去进行时的构成:主语+was/were+动词ing形式过去进行时的用法:描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作7.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解过去进行时的构成和用法情境故事法:通过故事情境,让学生练习过去进行时的运用第八章:将来进行时8.1 教学目标掌握将来进行时的构成和用法能够正确运用将来进行时描述将来某段时间内正在进行的动作8.2 教学内容将来进行时的构成:主语+will be+动词ing形式将来进行时的用法:描述将来某段时间内正在进行的动作8.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解将来进行时的构成和用法计划编排法:让学生制定将来的计划,并用将来进行时描述第九章:现在完成时9.1 教学目标掌握现在完成时的构成和用法能够正确运用现在完成时描述过去发生的、对现在有影响的动作9.2 教学内容现在完成时的构成:主语+have/has+过去分词现在完成时的用法:描述过去发生的、对现在有影响的动作9.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解现在完成时的构成和用法时间线索法:通过提供时间线索,让学生练习现在完成时的运用第十章:过去完成时10.1 教学目标掌握过去完成时的构成和用法能够正确运用过去完成时描述在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作10.2 教学内容过去完成时的构成:主语+had+过去分词过去完成时的用法:描述在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作10.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解过去完成时的构成和用法故事情境法:通过故事情境,让学生练习过去完成时的运用第十一章:将来完成时11.1 教学目标掌握将来完成时的构成和用法能够正确运用将来完成时描述在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作11.2 教学内容将来完成时的构成:主语+will have+过去分词将来完成时的用法:描述在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作11.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解将来完成时的构成和用法情境设定法:设定未来的情境,让学生练习将来完成时的运用第十二章:被动语态12.1 教学目标掌握被动语态的构成和用法能够正确运用被动语态描述动作的承受者12.2 教学内容被动语态的构成:be动词(am/is/are)+过去分词被动语态的用法:描述动作的承受者12.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解被动语态的构成和用法角色扮演法:让学生通过角色扮演,实际运用被动语态进行交流第十三章:动词不定式13.1 教学目标掌握动词不定式的构成和用法能够正确运用动词不定式作主语、宾语、表语等13.2 教学内容动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形动词不定式的用法:作主语、宾语、表语等13.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解动词不定式的构成和用法练习法:设计相关练习题,巩固动词不定式的运用第十四章:动词短语14.1 教学目标掌握动词短语的构成和用法能够正确运用动词短语表达特定的动作或状态14.2 教学内容动词短语的构成:动词+副词/介词/名词等动词短语的用法:表达特定的动作或状态14.3 教学方法讲解法:讲解动词短语的构成和用法情境创设法:创设情境,让学生实际运用动词短语进行交流第十五章:综合练习与拓展15.1 教学目标巩固所学的动词时态和语态知识提高学生在实际语境中运用英语的能力15.2 教学内容设计综合练习题,涵盖动词时态和语态的各种用法提供实际语境,让学生运用所学知识进行交流15.3 教学方法练习法:让学生通过练习题,巩固所学知识交流法:提供实际语境,促进学生之间的交流和互动重点和难点解析本文主要介绍了英语动词的时态和语态,包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、被动语态、动词不定式和动词短语等。
1.一般现在时态do 客观事实或者某种规律I do my homework.我做我的作业。
标志性词:every time 每次in the morning早上once a week每周一次twice a month每月两次hardly ever几乎不every Sunday每个周日always总是usually通常often经常sometimes 有时every day每天did 表示过去发生的动作I did my homework yesterday.我昨天做了家庭作业。
标志性词语:ago以前yesterday昨天the day before yesterday前天last time上次last night昨晚last year去年last term上学期last Monday上周一once upon a time曾经once曾经(I)in+过去的时间过去某时in the early days在早期just now刚才will do 将来发生的动作I will do my homework tomorrow.我明天会做我的家庭作业。
标志性词语:tomorrow明天the day after tomorrow后天tomorrow night明睌next time 下次next Friday下周五next month下个月next term下学期(I)in+一段时间多久之后soon很快sooner or later还早at once立刻by the end of +将来时间be doing 现在正在进行的动作I am doing my homework now.我正在做我的家庭作业。
标志性词语:look看listen听at this time此时at this moment此时at present现在right now 现在was/were doing表示过去一个具体时间正在收生的动作I标志性调话:at that time在那时at that moment在那时will be doing在将来正在发生的动作I will be doing my homework at 9:00.9点的时候,我会正在政作业。
时态语态讲义一般现在时1.表示经常性的、习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语如:frequently, rarely, occasionally等连用。
I live far away from my parents, so I only go to see them occasionally.2.表示客观真理、客观存在及自然现象,此用法即使出现在过去语境中,也用一般现在时。
Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.3.表示目前的状况或状态。
Every day I work from dawn to dark.4.表示按时间表拟好的或安排好的事情或要发生的动作。
The shop opens at 9:00 in the morning and closes at 8:00 in the evening.5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,则从句用一般现在时表将来。
If he comes this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.6.在祈使句中命令或请求对方做某事时,一般现在时表一般将来时Go across the bridge. You’ll find the hospital on the left.7.在以here, there开头的感叹句中,一般现在时表一般将来时Here comes the bus!There goes the bell!一般过去时1.表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态。
He worked in my mother's company last year.2.表示过去的习惯动作。
Li Mei always went to school on foot last year.3.描述几个相继发生的动作,尽管有先有后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词用and连接。
八种时态讲义初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种,即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时;一.一般现在时概念:表示习惯性,经常性的动作;表示现在的状态与特征;表示普遍真理标志语:often,always,usually,sometimes,every day week,month, year...作用:1 经常性或习惯性的动作;I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家;2客观真理,客观存在,科学事实;例如:The earth _____move around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动;Shanghai ______not lie in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部;3表示格言或警句;例如:Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败;注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时;例:Columbus proved that the earth ______be round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的.特殊用法:1.一般现在时代替一般将来时在When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case that, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句,条件句中,用一般现在时代替将来时;例如:He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨妈;典型例题1He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.A. had not given; had not succeededB. would not give; succeededC. will not give; succeedD. would not give; will succeed.2 表示现在已安排好的未来事项,行程等活动;例如:The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门;实际上每天如此;2. 一般现在时代替一般过去时1 "书上说","报纸上说"等;例如:The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的;3. 一般现在时代替现在完成时1 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时,如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know,find , say, remember等;例如:I hear = have heard he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦;I forget =have forgotten how old he is. 我忘了他多大了;2 用句型" It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …";例如:It is = has been five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来,五年过去了;4. 一般现在时代替现在进行时;在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里,用一般现在时代替现在进行时;例如:There goes the bell. 铃响了;Past Simple概念:表示过去的情况或过去习惯性动作标志语:yesterday,the day before yesterday,ago,last..., in 1998用法:1在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态;时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等;例如:Where did you go just now刚才你上哪儿去了2表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作;例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球;Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎;注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气;1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等;例如:Did you want anything else您还要些什么吗I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下;2情态动词could, would;例如:Could you lend me your bike你的自行车,能借用一些吗特殊用法:used to / be used to1used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在;例如:1 Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘;2 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步;2be used to + doing:对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词;例如:1 He is used to a vegetarian diet.2 Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了;典型例题---- Your phone number again I ___ quite catch it.---- It's .A. didn'tB. couldn'tC. don'tD. can'tFuture Simple概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态.结构:will do, shall do, be going to do标志语:tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next...,in + 时间段,in 20101shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替;will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称;例如:Which paragraph shall I read first 我先读哪一段呢Will you be at home at seven this evening今晚七点回家好吗2be going to +不定式,表示将来;a. 主语的意图,即将做某事;例如:What are you going to do tomorrow明天打算作什么呢b. 计划,安排要发生的事;例如:The play is going to be produced next month;这出戏下月开播;c. 有迹象要发生的事;例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了;3be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事;例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告;4be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事;例如:He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京;注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用;特殊用法:1. be to和be going tobe to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划;例如:1I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球;客观安排2I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球;主观安排2. 一般现在时表将来1下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情;例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开;When does the bus starIt stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开十分钟后;2以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行;例如:Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了;There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了;3在时间或条件句中;例如:When Bill comes 不是will come, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我;I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你;4在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中;例如:I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心;Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了;3. 用现在进行时表示将来下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来;例如:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了;Are you staying here till next week你会在这儿呆到下周吗Present Progressive概念:表示正在发生的动作结构:be is, am, are + doing标志语:now,置于句首的Look,Listen现在进行时的基本用法:a. 表示现在指说话人说话时正在发生的事情;例如:We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你;b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行;例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说;说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态;c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等;例如:The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红;It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了;d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩;例如:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意;典型例题My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A. has lost, don't findB. is missing, don't findC. has lost, haven't foundD. is missing, haven't found.特殊用法:1现在进行时代替将来时1 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动;例如:Are you staying with us this weekend和我们一起度周末好吗We are leaving soon.我们马上就走;2 渐变动词,如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等;例如:He is dying. 他要死了;2. 不用进行时的动词1表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等;例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟;This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的;2表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等;例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助;He loves her very much. 他爱她很深;3瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等;例如:I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告;4系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等;例如:You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累;五、过去进行时Past Progressive概念:表示过去正在进行的动作结构:be was, were + doing标志语:at this time,at+时间点+过去时间at 9:00 o'clock last night,when,while.1过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生;2 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten lastevening, when, while等;例如:My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨;When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂; 典型例题1 Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makes2 As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.A. read;was fallingB. was reading;fellC. was reading;was fallingD. read;fellPast Future Simple概念:表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作结构:would do标志语:常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中Present Perfect结构:has + done, have + done概念与标志语:1表示过去发生的动作影响到现在,与already, yet, ever, never, just, before连用;2表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,常与for+时间段, since+过去时间,提问用How long.特殊用法:比较一般过去时与现在完成时1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;2一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语;一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语;现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语;共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等;3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.;一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等;例如:I saw this film yesterday. 强调看的动作发生过了I have seen this film. 强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了Why did you get up so early 强调起床的动作已发生过了Who hasn't handed in his paper 强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争He has been in the League for three years. 在团内的状态可延续He has been a League member for three years. 是团员的状态可持续句子中如有过去时的时间副词如yesterday, last, week, in 1960时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时;错Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.对Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.用于现在完成时的句型1It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时;例如:It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市;This is the first time that I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌;注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.2This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时;例如:This is the best film that I've ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影;典型例题1 ---Do you know our town at all---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming2 ---Have you ____ been to our town before---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A. even, comeB. even, have comeC. ever, comeD. ever, have come答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时;注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用;即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的;错I have received his letter for a month.对I haven't received his letter for almost a month.比较since和forSince 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度;例如:I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了;I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了;注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时;I worked here for more than twenty years. 我现在已不在这里工作;I have worked here for many years.现在我仍在这里工作;注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用;1对Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2错Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.显然,第二句不对,它应改为Harry got married six years ago. 或Harry has been married for six years.since的四种用法1 since +过去一个时间点如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six;例如:I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿;2 since +一段时间+ ago;例如:I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了;3 since +从句;例如:Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了;Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了;4 It is +一段时间+ since从句;例如:It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了;延续动词与瞬间动词1 用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用;例如:He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作; 表结果I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了;表经历2 用于till / until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……";例如:He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来;He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10点;典型例题1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be八、过去完成时Past Perfect概念:表示过去的过去----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成;那时以前那时现在结构:had done标志语:1以by,before+过去时间2主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中;用法a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句;例如:She said thatshe had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎;b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时;例如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了;c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…";例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来;过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as;例如:1He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语;2By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生;3Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了;典型例题The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A. had written, left B,were writing, has leftC. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left用一般过去时代替过去完成时1.两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时;例如:When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来;My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了;2.两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时;例如:When I heard the news, I was very excited.3.叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时;例如:Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492时态一致1 如果从句所叙述的为真理或相对不变的事实,则用现在时;例如:At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那时,人们不知道地球是动的;He told me last week that he is eighteen. 上星期他告诉我他十八岁了;2 宾语从句中的,助动词ought, need, must, dare 的时态是不变的;例如:He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他认为我不必告诉你真相;。
一般现在时的用法一、概述一般现在时表示习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或存在的状态。
“习惯性、经常性、反复性”是一般现在时的三大特性,它不表示特定时间内发生的事。
二、一般现在时的结构时态的结构指的是动词的变化形式。
一般现在时间有两种结构,一种是动词原形,用于主语为非第三人称时的情况;另一种为动词的第三人称单数形式,用于主语为第三人称时的情况。
Eg1.We often get up early in the morning. Eg2.My father often gets up early in the morning.三、谈谈“主语为三单,其后动词s添”在一般现在时中,当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
可以简单叙述为“主语为三单,其后动词s添”。
何谓第三人称单数?用一句话概括就是“非你、非我、非复数”,如he, she, it, my father, my mother, my sister, our English teacher, Tom, Mike, Liu Jia, China, my book, etc.Eg3.He sometimes goes to school by bike.Eg4.My father works in the hospital as a doctor.四、动词第三人称单数变化规则动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。
规则一、一般在词尾加-s。
如:looks, puts. reads, sees, skis等。
规则二、以-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加-es。
如:goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches, teaches,等。
规则三、以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es。
注意一定是辅音字母加y才变,若是元音字母加y,则直接加-s。
高中英语语法之常用时态知识点和练习题英语六种常用时态知识点一、一般现在时 (be;do/does)1.概念:表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
经常性、习惯性动作。
标志词:often, sometimes, usually, always, occasionally 等和时间状语如 in the evening, at night, twice a month, on Sundays, every day/week/month/year,等。
用法:(1).客观事实和普遍真理。
The earth runs around the sun.(2)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。
常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
How often does this shuttle bus run?这班车多久一趟?(3)在由 when, after, before, until, till, as soon as,等引导的时间状语从句或由if, so/as long as, once, even if, although, whether…or…, in case, whatever, whenever, wherever 等引导的条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时(主将从现)。
When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。
二、一般过去时1.概念:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
2.标志词:yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in , at that time等。
英语语法八大时态复习讲义1.一般现在时态结构肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式: 主语+(助动词)don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not例句:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2.一般现在时的用法1)表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。
常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays。
频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。
例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。
I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2)表示现在的状态。
例如:My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作,他很忙。
The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。
3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
例如:All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
初中英语动词时态复习I. 一般现在时1. 一般现在时的用法1)表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词(always, often, usually, every day 等)连用。
例:He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。
2)表示现在的状态。
例:My father is very busy.我父亲很忙。
3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
例: My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
4)表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。
例:Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。
5)在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。
(主将从现)例:I'll tell him the news whe n he comes back.他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
2.动词的第三人称词尾变化:当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es:注意:动词have的第三人称单数是has.写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。
I. cook ______ 2.watch _______ 3.build _________ 4.have _______ 5.wash _______6. enjoy ______7. go _________ 8 receive _____ 9 cry _____ 10. close ________II. drive ______ 12. choose_______ 13. play _______ 14. reach _______巩固练习:1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. (改写成否定句)2、His watch costs 300 yuan.(变成一般疑问句并否定回答)II. 一般过去时1. 一般过去时的用法yesterday, 1)表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
小升初专练三:时态专练(二)【现在完成时】一.基本结构have(has) + been + done(动词的现在分词)否定句式have(has) + not + been + done(动词的现在分词) 疑问句式have(has)放在句首二.用法1. 过去发生的动作对现在有影响I have seen the film ,so I know what the story says.2.过去发生的动作持续到现在(还有可能继续发生)The film has been on for 5 minutes.三.延续性动词1. 现在完成时中应使用延续性动词2. 非延续性动词:动作开始既(即)结束四.标志语1.already(已经)2.ever(曾经)3.yet(还,已经)4.just(刚刚)5.ever (曾经)6.before(在……之前)7.since(自从)8.so far(到目前为止)【练一练】1. The Whites many places of interest since they came to China.A. have visitedB. will visitC.visitedD.visit2. How many English books since last year?A. did you readB. have you readC. had you read3.How long have you the book?—For three weeks.A. hadB. keepC. buyD. bought4.you any books?Yes, I them two weeks ago.A. Have: bought; have boughtC. Have, bought; boughtB. Did; buy: boughtD. Did: buy; have bought5. Which place you?A. have; beenB. have: been toC. have: goneD. have; gone to6.I at this school for about two months.A.amB. will beC. have beenD.was7.Have you got any picture books?A. Yes, I have.B. Yes. l don't.C. Yes, I got.8. I've lots of stamps.A. getB. getsC.got二、适当形式填空1. My father isn't here. Maybe he(go) to the supermarket.2. How long you(live) in this town?3. I have(understand).4. He(collect)300 pictures since 5 years ago.5. I have got a letter from my friend and he(get) a present from his friend.6.I (learn) English for three years.7.he(finish) his homework yet?Yes, he(do) it an hour ago.三、句型转换1.Sally has already put her name tag on the suitcase.(改为否定句) Sally put her name tag on the suitcase.2.Jack has watched TV for more than 3 hours.(改成否走句) Jack TV for more than 3 hours?3.I have got two hundred stamps.(对画线部分提问)stamps you got?4.John has done his homework for 4 hours.(改为一般疑问句)John his homework for 4 hours?5.The boy has been to Italy twice.(对划线部分提问)How has the boy been to Italy?。
一般现在时【定义】一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。
即描述我们日常生活中的衣食住行等活动。
【用法】(1) 在实际应用中,一般现在时常与以下时间状语联用:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month, once a week, on Sundays ……(2)没有时间状语,可以分以下四种类型:这一类型由be动词+名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词或介词短语等一起构成谓语,表示主语的个性、特征或状态。
其构成为如:①I know it. ②He knows me.,情态动词型句子的构成为【练习】一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
(Be动词)1. __________(be) Tom and Sam in the same class?2. Your school life __________(be) very interesting.3. There __________(be) a pen, two rulers and some books on the desk.4. The boys __________(be) very friendly to me.5. Maria __________(be not) from the U.S.A.6. __________(be) there any trees and a pool in the yard?7. I want to __________(be) a teacher.8. Don’t __________(be) late for school again.二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
(情态动词)1.My mom can __________(cook) food well.2. Must she __________(stay) at home now?3. What can the boy __________(do) for his parents?4. Tom can’t __________(sing) an English song.三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
现在进行时:1.概念:表示现在正在进行或者发生的动作。
2.时间标志:listen(听)、look(看)、now(现在)3.结构:主语+be+动词ing+其它(注意be 动词am/is/are 随主语的变化而变化)4.动词ing 变化规则:练习题:1. They are__________(eat) bananas.2. She _____________(drink) tea now.3. He is ___________(climb) the mountain with friends.4. What are they____________(do)?5. Is he ___________(play) football?6. I am__________(run) now.7. Look! Chen Jie__________(make) a card.8. Listen!The bird__________(sing) now.9. I’m________(walk) like an elephant.10. Why are you __________(shop) today?11. My friends__________(draw) a picture now变化 例词一般情况 加-ing eat-eating;play-playing;do-doing不发音的e 结尾的动词 去e 加-ing make-making;ride-riding;have-having;dance-dancing;write-writing重读辅元辅结尾 双写末尾字母,再加ing swim-swimming;shop-shopping;run-running一般过去时一、结构:①be动词(is, am, are)→was/were 主语+ 谓语②实义动词→相应的动词过去式含义:①表示过去的事实或状态。
例:He was very busy an hour ago. 他在过去的一小时非常忙碌。
A动词时态讲义1、一般现在时(1)一般现在时中的be动词:一般用原形:am is aream用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben his sister 等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、his parents等)。
(2)一般现在时中的动词:第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他,如Helen 、her cousin 等),动词后一般加s或es。
第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。
(4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时):△be动词是am、is、are △动词用原形或加s、es△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间2、现在进行时(1)构成形式:Be动词+动词的ing形式这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。
(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。
(3)有用的依据:一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词,且动词加了ing ←→ 该句是现在进行时(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。
动词现在分词的变化见下表:词尾情况变化方式例词一般情况加—ing play玩—playing do做—doinggo去—going jump跳—jumpingsing唱—singing ski滑雪—skiingsee看见--seeing以不发音的e结尾去e加—ing make做—making take拿到—takinglike喜欢—liking come来—comingwrite写—writing dance跳舞—dancinghave有—having close关—closing以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个辅音字母再加—ingswim游泳—swimming sit坐—sittingrun跑—running get得到—gettingput放—putting begin开始—beginningjog慢跑—jogging同音词:too---two----to buy---by I---eye four----forthere----their right----write sun----son no----knowhere---hear who’s----whose近义词:many----a lot of / lots of large----big desk----tablephoto---picture lamp----light like----love反义词或对应词:old----new go----come big----smallopen----close black----white here----there完整形式:let’s=let us(让我们) I’d=I would can’t=can not I’m=I am词性变换:one(序数词) first monkey(复数)monkeys skiing(原形)ski is(复数)are families(单数)family make(现在分词)making we are(缩略形式)we’re do(第三人称单数)does have(第三人称单数)hasphoto(复数)photos fat(反义词)thin做题目时一定要记住:can+动词原形like+动词inglike+名词复数play+足球类play the +乐器类how many +名词复数would like +to+动词原形let’s+动词原形现在进行时:be(am,is,are)+动词ing 动词第三人称单数形式。
时态讲解▲一般现在时态一、.结构:1.主语(非第三人称单数)+动作词(原形)+其它I play ping-pong quite well.否定句:I don’t play ping-pong quite well.一般疑问句:Do you play ping-pong quite well?2.主语(第三人称单数)+动作词(三单)+其它He sleeps with the windows open.否定句:He does n’t sleep with the window open.一般疑问句:Does he sleep with the window open?3.注意:不能乱用be动词。
无动作词时,才能用be动词(am \ is \ are)I am a student.He is young.They are in the classroom.二、在什么情况下用一般现在时态:1.表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态;(常与usually,always,every day,twicea week,seldom,sometimes等时间状语连用)She always goes to school by bike.2.表示主语的性格、特征、能力、爱好_Do you like the material?_Yes, it feels very soft.3.在时间,条件,比较等状语从句中表示将来的动作。
从句一般由下列词引导:when,if,after,before,as,as soon as,the minute,the next time,in case,though,till,until,unless,so long as,whatever,whenever,wherever…The volleyball match will be put off if it _______(rain).I will begin the dictation when you ______(be) ready.4.表示客观事实或普遍真理,也用在格言中。
The sun ______(rise)in the east.Water _______ (boil)at 100℃.注意:在宾语从句中,主句中的谓语动词是过去时态,但当宾语从句所说的是客观真理时,它的谓语动词仍用一般现在时。
Galileo insisted that the earth _____ (go)around the sun.5.表示计划或安排好的,肯定将要发生的,不可随意改变的动作,只限于少数几个动词:go, come ,leave, start,begin, arrive, return,open,take off…The train ______(start) at 10 o’clock in the morning.The summer holiday ______(begin) next week.6.在新闻标题、小说、和电影以及戏剧情节介绍、幻灯片和图片的说明中常用一般现在时态。
American ambassador leaves Beijing.练习:1.The house could fall down soon if no one ______ some quick repair work.A has doneB is doingC doesD had done2.I ______ foot ball well,but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year.A will playB have playedC playedD play▲一般过去时态一.构成:主语+动词过去式+其它He came to class yesterday.He didn’t come to class yesterday.Did he come to school yesterday?注意:无动词时,才能be用动词(was\ were)I was in Beijing last month.They were children when the accident happened.二、什么情况下用一般过去时态:1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常有明确的过去时间状语:如yesterday ,last+时间,时间+ago ,in 1890,when引导的时间状语从句We ______ (go) to dance last night.We often _______ (play)together when we were children.2.表示过去习惯性或经常发生的动作,常与often,usually,seldom…等副词连用。
(区别一般现在时态)When I was in the countryside,I often _______ (call) on my old friends there.I _______ (go) to the cinema once a week when I was at school.注意:表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,还可用used to 或would加动词原形表示She _____ _____ _____ (go)for a walk after supper,but now she prefers to stay at home.3.在条件、时间状语从句中,常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。
(比较一般现在时态)They said they would let us know if they ______ (hear)any news about him.他们说如果听到关于他的任何消息,就通知我们。
He said that when he _______ (go) to the bookstore, he would buy me a book.They told us that they would not leave until she _______ (come)back.4.表示虚拟语气时这一用法只适用于某些特定句型,表示现在或将来的非真实的、主观的意图或愿望。
常用句型有:If only I _______ (have)a better memory.If I _______ (be) you, I would leave here now.Would you mind if I_______ (close) the door?It’s time that we _______ (draw) some pictures.I would rather tha t you______(be) not here now.I wish I _____(fly) in the sky .练习1.-I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.-Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _____ ?A was leavingB had leftC has leftD left2. Thomas Edison (1847-1931)______ the world leading inventor for sixty years.A. would be B has been C had been D was▲一般将来时态一、构成:1.主语(二三人称)+will +动词原形He will come to see you the day after tomorrow.2.主语(第一人称)shall + 动词原形We shall leave for London next Monday.3.主语+ be going to + 动词原形They are going to meet outside the school gate.4.主语+be to +动词原形You are to hand in your papers by 10 o’clock.5.be about to do… when…(正要做某事,这时。
)二、什么时候用一般将来时态1.表示将来的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如:tomorrow ,next +时间, soon, in a month, in the future等连用。
2.有些动词,用现在进行时态结构表示将来时的意义。
如:come,go leave,start,move ,arrive,stay ,return…等I____________ (leave) for Tibet on Sunday.He ______ ______ (not come)他不来了。
3.用一般现在时态结构表示一般将来时的意义。
(看一般现在时态的“5”和“3”) The plane ______ (start) at 8 o’clock in the morning.When _____ the show begin?4.将来反复发生的动作(比较一般现在时的“1”和一般过去时的“2”)We shall come and work in this factory every year.我们将每年来这个工厂参加劳动。
5.在句型“祈使句+and\or+主语+简单句中”Work hard and you will succeed.Work hard___ you ____ fail.注意:.will 与be going to的区别①will可以指遥远的将来,be going to指有迹象表明即将,很快要发生的He _______________ get better.Look at his face. He _______________ get better.Look at the cloud. I think it ________________ rain soon.②will不是事先考虑的,临时决定的,be going to事先考虑过的,计划、打算的I _________ rewrite it.我要重写。
-Is it really a big stone?- I _________ help you to move it.③be going to可以用在条件状语从句中表示将来,而will不能。
If you ___________ accept the job, start to work now.练习1.Turn on the TV or open a magazine and you_____ advertisements showing happy families.A will often seeB often seeC are oftenD have often seen2.Because the shop ______ ,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A has closed downB closed downC is closingD had closed down3.Let’s keep to the point, or we ______ any decisions.A will never reachB have never reachedC never reachD never reached ▲过去将来时态(比较一般将来时态)一、构成:(比较一般将来时态构成)主语+would/should +动词原形主语+was./were going to +动词原形主语+was/were to + 动词原形主语+. was/were about to do …when…we were about to go there ______it began to rain.二、什么情况下用过去将来时态:1.表示对于过去某一时间而言,将要发生的动作或存在的状态。