中西方日常交际中的文化差异

中西方交往沟通差异比较中西方交往沟通中的差异是各种各样的，其中有几个方面如卷入度、行为方式、自我表现和人格特质等方面的差异最为显著,下面进行分别阐述与分析。

一、心理卷入度差异交往沟通中的“卷入度”即人际交往沟通过程中的心理卷入度,是指人为他人操心和受他人影响的程度。

心理卷入程度过高是指个人在心理上与对方信息的关联程度过高。

例如,在人际交往中,有人会过分地关心对方的事情,朋友遇到困难了,他比朋友还忧心忡忡;朋友办事出现失误,他比朋友还内疚和自责等;心理卷入程度过低则相反。

在中西方交往沟通的心理表现中,明显存在着中国人卷入度偏高而西方人卷入度偏低的差异。

中国传统文化非常重视人际交往,由于受这种文化传统的影响,中国人热情好客,在人际交往中饱含热情,似乎没有什么可保留的,对于了解对方有关年龄、职业、收入、婚姻状况、子女等问题,觉得都理所当然。

而在西方国家中,特别重视对方的隐私权。

个人稳私主要包括如年龄、工作、收入、婚姻、子女等、政治观念如支持或反对何种党派、个人行为动向如去什么地方、与谁交往等,凡是涉及到个人隐私的都不能直接过问。

西方人一般不愿意干涉别人的私生活和个人隐私,当然也不愿意被别人干涉。

比如,中国人会直接询问别人所买物品的价格。

因为在中国人看来,物品的贵贱只是表示该物品的质量。

而在西方人眼里,如果你直接询问别人所购物品的价格,就可能是探问对方的经济条件,因此,这也是西方人的隐私,属于不宜直接询问的问题。

如果你想了解该物品的价格,只能委婉地夸耀、赞赏该物品,而这样的情况下西方人一般也只告诉你该物品的贵或贱,不会告诉你准确价格。

再如,中国人见面打招呼时喜欢问一句“上哪儿去”,这是招呼的一种形式。

而在美国,你如果问朋友上哪儿去,则可能会使对方尴尬,因为这也属于对方的隐私,是你不该过问的。

人际交往的空间距离可以分为亲密距离、个人距离、社交距离、公共距离四种。

中国人的空间距离相对较近亦即人际心理卷入度高。

中西方文化差异的根源不同文化之间的差异是由于各自民族的文化历史背景、审美心理的不同而产生的，是在社会的发展、历史的沉淀中约定俗成的，是一种永久性的文化现象。

我们应了解不同地域、不同民族的文化背景知识以及社会风俗习惯。

在信息技术飞速发展的今天，人们居住的世界变得越来越小，不同文化背景的人交流越来越多。

了解不同文化差异，提高文化适应性，对于现代人来说具有十分重要的意义。

学习了解中西方文化的差异，有利于我们实现从感性到理性质的飞跃，排除东方思维负迁移的影响，进而使我们的跨文化交际更有效，更顺畅。

一、中西文化差异表现（一）思维模式的异同。

中国人喜欢站在生命的更高处思考问题，跳出现实，重视对生命的思考，在对人和人之间，人和自然界之间，人的精神和肉体之间的关系都有深刻的思考。

西方人偏重于逻辑思维或者理性思维；中国人属于抽象思维或者感性思维。

而西方人更注重于从物质世界入手，去探索和求证问题的本源。

（二）对待个人利益与集体利益、国家利益的异同。

中国人更看重集体利益，包括家族利益、国家利益，主张控制自己的欲望，反对极端个人主义和英雄主义，往往把个人利益和集体利益，国家利益联系在一起，富于爱国和献身精神。

而西方人更重视个体利益，追求人权，崇尚自由，认为如果连个体利益都无法保障，更谈何集体利益，正是这样的思想认识，最终推动了西方民主政治的发展。

（三）民主观念的异同。

中国人注重精神的自由，把自由、民主看成是君主权贵的赏赐。

所以我们的人民总在渴望青天，希望能有好官的出现为民谋利。

而西方的民主政治认为，政出于民，一切的政权只是人民授予，让政府来行使的一种公权力。

（四）科学观的异同。

中国人更相信先人的经验和权威，相信古人甚至超过相信今人，迷信权威，缺乏创新和探索精神。

而西方人重视实践和理论，富于探险精神，倡导理性思维。

通过正规的学院式教育对科学成果进行普及和推广，极大的促进了科学的发展，也最终建立了完整的科学体系。

（五）中西方的道德观是迥然不同的。

中西方交际中文化差异不同之分析摘要：我们知道，不同国家有不同的文化，当然他们在交际方面也有许多的不同。

从文化交际角度看，文化差异主要体现在：一﹑对事物认识的差异；二﹑日常交际中的文化差异。

如果我们不了解他们之间的不同，在交际中可能要出现错误。

因此，在跨文化交际过程中，我们不但要掌握不同的语言，更要掌握不同的文化习惯，了解不同的文化差异，并设法在外国文化和本国文化中找到一个切合点:注重交际文化和背景文化，并尽力使这个切合点成为两种文化的交融点，这对成功进行国际交往会产生很大影响。

关键词：跨文化交际; 文化差异; 中西文化；文化背景一、引言名族文化产生的历史背景和地理环境的不同造成了其不同的文化现状。

跨文化交际包含着许多方面，不仅是文化，而且还存在于社会环境中。

不同的种族有不同的文化背景。

不同形式的相同语言和文化背景有时传递的信息则是相背的。

如果我们不了解它们之间的不同，在交际中可能要出现错误。

因此，研究文化差异，研究正确的跨文化交际行为已成为不可忽视的问题。

我们很有必要找出其深层次的原因，并采取一定的措施来培养跨文化交际的能力，避免文化冲突。

从文化交际角度看，文化差异主要体现在如下几个方面:二、对事物认识的差异（一）值观与道德标准的差异西方人认为人是所有有价值事物当中最为重要的；而在东方人则认为社会是最重要的，所以个人利益应该服从集体利益；在这一点上，中西方之间的观念就有一定的差异。

例如，在中国现实生活认为人们应该以集体为优先，不能有英雄主义。

然而西方人则更注重个人自由，崇尚英雄主义。

因此在与国外朋友交际时，我们不可以对于外国友人的英雄主义行为进行责问。

多多了解这些差异并尊重差异才会使你成为一个具有国际交流素质的人才。

（二）对客观世界认识的差异由于各民族的演变历史和发展的环境不同，造成其对同一事物的不同认识。

同一客观事物，在不同的文化里包含不同的价值，具有不同的内涵。

[1]西方国家有爱狗的传统，而中国人却崇敬龙。

浅谈中西方文化差异及跨文化交流摘要中西方因所处地理位置不同、文化背景不同，衍生出了其不同的历史文化。

文化是一种社会现象，是人们长期创造形成的产物。

同时又是一种历史现象，是社会历史的积淀物。

文化是指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富,精神财富和相应的创造才能的总和.中西文化作为世界文化的重要组成部分,各自包含着丰富的内容,具有鲜明的特色。

伴随着全球经济化和政治多极化的步伐，认识中西方文化的差异，有利于区别中西方文化了解其背后的文化根源，有利于中西方之间的跨文化交流。

关键字：中西文化文化差异价值观念跨文化交流文化是指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富,精神财富和相应的创造才能的总和.同时，文化也是一种社会现象，是人们长期创造形成的产物。

同时又是一种历史现象，是社会历史的积淀物。

虽然不同的民族有着自己区别于其他民族的特殊的文化心理素,思维方式,价值尺度,道德规范和情感趣向等，但文化间的差异并不能阻碍文化间的交流，从文化背景、价值观念、思维方式、风俗习惯、宗教信仰等方面去认识中西方文化的差异，隔阂一中西方文化差异及比较1、中西文化背景的差异中国文化受到儒家思想和佛教、道教文化的影响深远，其根源可以上溯到两千多年前的春秋战国时代，这种文化总的表现为：注重个人修养，注重道德力量，反对武力，注重与他人、自然的和谐相处，追求精神的超脱，以“仁”和“孝”为社会核心。

同时更注重于自给自足的内向型文化。

西方文明主要来自于希腊文明、罗马文明和基督教文明三大源流。

受基督教影响深远，看重个人的自由和权利，注重实践和探索，更注重于对自然的探索和求证，从物质层面去考量生命的本源。

以“爱”为社会核心。

同时具有开放性的外向型文化。

2中西方价值观和思维方式的差异价值观，西方世界相信人本位，人是受尊敬的名词。

一个人攻击另一个人，不管是辱骂殴打或是诬陷暗算，即使受攻击的一方再无能再愚蠢再有错误，也都为舆论所不容，为法律所追究，哪怕你有钱有权势。

中西方日常交际中的文化差异(1)中西方日常交际中的文化差异（商务英语专业082班，孙静）摘要：汉语与英语中有大量的日常对话，由于地域文化、历史文化、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及历史典故的不同，日常交际中也呈现出诸多文化差异。

随着经济全球化、信息全球化时代的到来，中国与西方国家之间的交流和合作越来越密切。

但是，由于缺乏对西方国家文化背景的了解，在中国人与西方人交际的过程中，出现了一些交际障碍和误解，本文主要就日常交际中容易引起误会的中文化差异进行分析和比较。

There are quite a lot of daily dialogues both in Chinese and English, however, because of the differences of background, history, custom, religion and history story’s culture, there exists lots of culture differences in daily conversation. With the coming of globalization of economy and information, the cooperation between China and Western countries is becoming closer. Yet, due to the lack of culture background of western countries, there exists some barriers and misunderstandings during the communication between Chinese and western people. And this article aims to analyze and compare the culture differences between China and western countries which are more likely causing misunderstandings.关键词：中西方文化；日常交际；差异中西方使用两种不同的语言汉语和英语，它们各有反映着本身独特的文化背景和凝重的历史传统，因而在日常交际中也存在着许多差异。

中西文化差异具体举例一、交际语言的差异日常打招呼，中国人大多使用“吃了吗？”“上哪呢？”等等，这体现了人与人之间的一种亲切感。

可对西方人来说，这种打招呼的方式会令对方感到突然、尴尬，甚至不快，因为西方人会把这种问话理解成为一种“盘问”，感到对方在询问他们的私生活。

在西方，日常打招呼他们只说一声“Hello”或按时间来分，说声“早上好！”“下午好！”“晚上好！”就可以了。

而英国人见面会说：“今天天气不错啊！”称谓方面，在汉语里，一般只有彼此熟悉亲密的人之间才可以“直呼其名”。

但在西方，“直呼其名”比在汉语里的范围要广得多。

在西方，常用“先生”和“夫人”来称呼不知其名的陌生人，对十几或二十几岁的女子可称呼“小姐”，结婚了的女性可称“女士”或“夫人”等。

在家庭成员之间，不分长幼尊卑，一般可互称姓名或昵称。

在家里，可以直接叫爸爸、妈妈的名字。

对所有的男性长辈都可以称“叔叔”，对所有的女性长辈都可以称“阿姨”。

这在我们中国是不行的，必须要分清楚辈分、老幼等关系，否则就会被认为不懂礼貌。

中西语言中有多种不同的告别语。

如在和病人告别时，中国人常说“多喝点开水”、“多穿点衣服”、“早点休息”之类的话，表示对病人的关怀。

但西方人绝不会说“多喝水”之类的话，因为这样说会被认为有指手画脚之嫌。

比如他们会说“多保重”或“希望你早日康复”等等。

二、餐饮礼仪的差异中国人有句话叫“民以食为天”，由此可见饮食在中国人心目中的地位，因此中国人将吃饭看作头等大事。

中国菜注重菜肴色、香、味、形、意俱全，甚至于超过了对营养的注重，只要好吃又要好看，营养反而显得不重要了。

西方的饮食比较讲究营养的搭配和吸收，是一种科学的饮食观念。

西方人多注重食物的营养而忽略了食物的色、香、味、形、意如何，他们的饮食多是为了生存和健康，似乎不讲究味的享受。

在餐饮氛围方面，中国人在吃饭的时候都喜欢热闹，很多人围在一起吃吃喝喝，说说笑笑，大家在一起营造一种热闹温暖的用餐氛围。

中西方文化差异模板如下：
1.问候语的差异：在中国，老百姓见面打招呼常说“你吃了吗？”
“干吗去？”等。

在英语中，通常以时间进行问候，如：“Goodmorning/afternoon/evening/night”或是“Hello/Hi”
简单问候。

2.隐私观念的差异：中国人初次见面常会问询对方的年龄、职业、
婚姻状况，甚至收入。

在西方，人们则认为侵犯了自己的隐私。

3.时间观的差异：在西方国家拜访某人，必须提前邀约，需要说明
拜访的时间、地点和目的。

在中国，人们无提前邀约的观念，随便串门，扰乱别人的生活秩序的行为较为常见。

4.餐饮习俗的差异：在西方，主人会提前发出邀请函，客人们会提
前答复。

在就餐时，主人不会多说劝酒话，常说“Itisreallygood，pleasetasteit”，然后转移到谈话的主题上。

在中国，人们会讲几句“招待不周”等客套话。

中外文化差异_中西方文化差异举例中西方文化差异举例1、饮食西方人的早餐和晚餐更偏向于冷食，而中国人习惯一日三餐吃热食或者是熟食。

就像在喝水的选择上也是一样，西方人习惯喝加了冰块的凉水，而中国人更喜欢热水或者是凉白开。

2、天气西方人的心情会受到天气的影响，但是天气对于中国人的影响不大。

这一点，可能是个误区了。

恶劣的天气对于中国人心情也会造成一定的影响的，对于一些室外的工作也会造成麻烦。

3、生活西方的生活倾向于独立生活，而中国人自古就是集体生活。

4、老人日常生活西方人的老年生活是遛狗，有自己的空间。

而中国老人则是帮家里的儿女带孩子，抚养第三代，一生都奉献给了孩子们。

5、孩子中国家庭的日常生活工作都围绕着孩子展开，孩子是重心。

而西方家庭对于孩子放得没有那么重，在18岁后还会要求孩子一个人生活。

中国则是子嗣问题自古就是传统，不孝有三无后为大。

中西方文化差异比较1、饮食差异西方是一种理性饮食观念。

不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，而营养一定要得到保证，讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。

即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去——因为有营养。

2、观念差异西方人认为一个人只有完全脱离社会关系，真正做到“关注自我”，才能成为一个“真正意义上的人”。

而在中国的文化中，人之所以为人，必须成为社会关系中的一环。

儒家文化中定义:“仁者，人也。

”强调整体和综合。

3、服饰差异西方男士在正式社交场合通常穿保守式样的西装，内穿白衬衫，打领带。

他们喜欢黑色，因此一般穿黑色的皮鞋。

西方女士在正式场合要穿礼服套装。

另外女士外出有戴耳环的习俗。

西方国家，尤其是在美国，平时人们喜欢穿着休闲装，如T恤加牛仔服。

当今中国人穿着打扮日趋西化，传统的中山装、旗袍等已退出历史舞台。

正式场合男女着装已与西方并无二异。

在平时的市井生活中，倒会看到不少人穿着背心、短裤、拖鞋等不合礼仪的服饰。

4、语言差异象形文字强调视觉和闪点，拼音语言强调逻辑和哲学，所以中国文化注重的是写意和系统思维，而西方文化则更多注重抽象和数据。

中西方日常交际中的文化差异THE CULTURAL DIFFERENCESBETWEEN CHINESE AND WESTERNDAILY COMMUNICATION二零一一年十一月AbstractWith economic globalization, the globalization of information era, China and the West exchanges and cooperation between the countries are getting closer. Yet, due to the lack of culture background of western countries, there exists some barriers and misunderstandings during the communication between Chinese and western people. This article focuses on the everyday communication easy misunderstanding of cultural differences in the analysis and comparison.Key Words: daily communication, cultural difference, greeting, praise and complimentsContentsPartⅠ Differences in terms of call (3)PartⅡ Hello differences in terms (4)Part ⅢDifferences in terms of farewell (5)Part Ⅳ Differences in praise and compliments and the response (6)Part ⅤDifferences in table manners (8)Seating arrangement (9)Serving order (10)Tableware (11)Stop cooking method (12)Part VI Topic selection and differences in privacy (14)References (15)PartⅠ Differences in terms of callHello is the daily life of most ordinary things, but that it is quite common for things can reflect in the Western cultural differences. In China, people touching face each other and asked:" have you had dinner yet"" where to go"" no work today" This is the Chinese most familiar is the most common way of greeting, but if you take these words and Westerners greet,foreigners must be surprised, or even misleading. For example, Chinese friend asked a foreign friend: Have you had your meal It was just asking pleasantries, Westerners think you ask to invite him for dinner! While he waits for you invited him, but you talk about something else, which often make each other be rather baffling.They think: don't ask me out to dinner, why ask I had your meal For example: you ask foreign friends: where are you going This is a caring greeting, but Westerners misunderstanding and resentment, think you to interfere in others' affairs.In western countries people not familiar with the meeting say hello, just say: Hi, Hello or Good morning can be; first met with How do you do hello And do not say how you are If met familiar friend, can talk about the weather, traffic etc., but do not talk about personal things.PartⅡ Hello differences in termsWhether in China or abroad, to see friends or acquaintances say hello, is a common courtesy behavior.Chinese people like to use when they meet, "you eat it" Come and greet each other, butthe greeting phrase actually has lost its literal meaning, not to ask for information, but rather a way of greeting.Therefore, the answer is "eating" or "not eat" are irrelevant.However, if directly translated into English literally "Have you had your dinner" To greet the West, according to their cultural practices, means to invite each other to dinner;if you ask men and women are said to be dating each other or the desire to make friends.Another commonly used in Chinese language greeting is "Where are you going” This sentence is hello in Chinese, rather than asking people really want to know where to go.So, any other party can give an answer, also not feel embarrassed.However, the same way Westerners greet "Where are you going", "Where have you been" Westerners often understood as a message asking the questions, make them feel embarrassed, even angry they will feel the speaker interfere with their private affairs.Although they do not say lips, and my heart may think: "Why do you ask these questions It's none of your business."Perhaps more attention to high British and American people for reasons of efficiency, not between people as the Chinese enthusiasm, the same in the above case, the common greeting phrase is generally relatively simple, such as "Hi", "Hello", "How are you" or "Good morning!", "Good afternoon!", "Good evening!"And so on.Part ⅢDifferences in terms of farewellAccording to Chinese custom, the guests leave, the owner of the guests to the door, the guests of the owner said, "Please stay", the last director to say "go", "walking" kind of courtesy.If the American people we have in accordance with the Chinese people used to say "go slowly", "walk slowly" they will feel angry, "why should I go slowly I am strong enough!"Britain's etiquette is to tell the guests to the door "Bye, drop in again." Kind of thing, the guests will answer "yes, I will." Or "ok, bye." Or "see you" and so on.Also say goodbye to the Chinese people is generally very simply, is often the first look at the watch, and then stand up and say something "I am leaving now." Anglo-American countries in this way will make people feel very abrupt, surprised.Generally in accordance with their habits, usually said to be ten minutes ahead of his intention to leave.A Chinese student to the teacher there to ask questions of the United States, American teachers received him warmly, but also patiently answered all the questions of students.Leave, the student said: I am sorry to have wasted a lot of you time, Iam leaving. “The syntax of these two words completely correct, the U.S. has caused the teacher's hard to understand, he does not understand why he answered the question and the student identified as a waste of time, do the students think that he actually spent time no harvest According to Western custom, on such occasions to leave, first to thank each other's help, and then said goodbye, and often to find an excuse, it can be said: "Thanks a lot for your help. I am afraid I must be leaving now.Part ⅣDifferences in praise and compliments and the response" The American people 's mode of thinking is linear, like direct expression;Therefore, when communication with the Chinese people, foreigners are often surprised to find that, when they praise or compliments, when the Chinese people, Chinese people always know what to do, too humble or demean themselves, even repeatedly denied, and not as frankly as foreign language gratitude.When someone praised you say: "That's a beautiful dress you have on!" Modesty of the Chinese people is likely to say: "No, no, it's just a very ordinary dress." Or “No. In fact I've worn it for several years. “A Chinese man took his wife to an American friend's house dining; meeting, American friendswho praised his wife said "Your wife is very beautiful!"The Chinese people was very pleased, but his mouth said "Where, where." The Americans surprised a moment, hesitated a moment and said "Eyes, nose, mouth ⋯⋯."According to British and American people's habits, when they praise others, people always want to thank or straightforward manner acceptable answer, do not want the other to humble, polite way to answer. Similarly, when Westerners praise and congratulations by others, they often openly accepted the praise and compliments will come right to say: "Thank you!" That they think the other side of the praise is sincere; the commendable thing is to be commended.Part Ⅴ Differences in table mannersSeating arrangementIn table manners in China: first call the guests seated on the seats, and then please order the elderly seated next to seated guests. When entering from the left side of the chair seat, seat post does not move Chopsticks, not to sound to come up, get up and do not move around.If there's anything to the master greet. Guests should be invited to sit down to wait for the owner, theowner must be careful not to call the guests sit in a seat near the serving, this is a taboo.If sitting round the table, facing the door is the main seat. Higher grade hotels, will be distinguished with a napkin, napkins, not just the tallest position to sit, unless you intend to better treat.The more popular Chinese food feast of modern etiquette is to continue the traditional ritual with reference to foreign countries on the basis of evolved. The banquet seating to the right by the West as the law, the first guest of honor sat in the owner the right, the second guest of honor guest of honor at the first host on the left or right side of the door to face the master, of course, is greeted errands Pieria sitting Table manners in the West: the hostess announced that dinner is ready, the man of the house in turn will lead the guests seated, while the hostess is walking at the end. Some owners will be careful to place the name cards on the table to show seating, if not this arrangement, then the principle is generally seating arrangements: separate seating arrangements for men and women sitting on the principle, priority seating male subject and object, its location in the hostess the right, while the female subject and object in the male subject and object on the right, the other couple seated diagonally places.Men and women showeda couple sit in the open and lively American banquet hope that with a feast on the seating arrangements to enhance each other's familiar, but also can dine topic diversification, atmosphere and music.Serving orderWay serving the whole of the following: First, the side dish market self-created by the people; second is holding a dinner plate by the waiter points to each to each; third is in full bloom with small dishes, each A. In a formal banquet, eat dishes like the slide show, each dish.So how do you call it a meal of Chinese food Be called a cold to stimulate the appetite, then called a pot of soup, hot soup will help increase the body temperature began to drink hot soup after tasting main course, usually called the main course according to their own tastes, but it is necessary is called a plate full of spicy dishes, was considered appropriate for the meal of Chinese food, to spicy rice dishes with light, so spicy and mild dishes, rice light and fragrant;The finale of a meal is a dessert food, usually soup, such as red bean paste, sesame paste, etc., there are other types, such as pudding, pancakes, ice cream, the same sweet and delicious.These programs not only make the wholefeast harmonious and orderly process, but also to subject-object identity and emotion to reflect and exchange. Therefore, the table manners can feast on the activities of a successful comprehensive, so that the cultivation of both subject and object has been fully demonstrated.TablewareChopsticks are the main lunch dishes. Use chopsticks, you usually have dual use. Use chopsticks to take food, meals, pay attention to the following minor problems: First, regardless of whether the remnants of food chopsticks, do not lick.Licked to take their food with chopsticks, poured appetite; second, and talking to people, to temporarily put down the chopsticks, not side to speak, while wildly dancing like a baton chopsticks; Third, do not put chopsticks on the food above the vertical interpolation. Because of this interpolation method, only the offerings to the dead when it is used; four functions are strictly chopsticks. Folder is used chopsticks to take food. To teeth, scratching or folders to take food to things that are beyond rude.The main role is to scoop a spoon to take food, food. Sometimes, when feeding with chopsticks, spoon can also be used to assist. Try not to pick a single dish with a spoon.Scoop the food in, you can place in the original "pause" moment, when the soup will not go down dirty, back again to enjoy. Not being spoon should be placed on his plate, do not put it directly on the table, or make it in the food "stand at attention."With a spoon to take food, to eat immediately, or on their dish, do not then it fell back into place. If access to food too hot, not with a spoon to scoop to scoop, and do not mouth the blow, you can first put it in your bowl so cool, and then eat. Do not spoon stuffed into his mouth, or repeatedly sucking, licking. Point of the plate is smaller plates, mainly to hold the food, and bowls come first in use. Plate on the table generally stay in place, and do not stack together. The main role of the food dish is used to temporarily put the food tray from the public access to enjoy the dishes.Do not eat the residue, bone, thorn do not spit on the ground, on the table, but should be taken lightly on the front of food dish, put the time can not be directly from the mouth spit in the food dish on the plate to use chopsticks into the next. If the food dish filled, so that attendants can change.Glass is mainly used in full bloom water, soft drinks, fruit juice, cola and other soft drinks use. Do not use it to hold wine, and do not upside down cup. In addition, the drink into his mouth and then spit back what is not glass.In the United States on the table: There are Western cutlery knives, forks, spoons, plates, glasses and so on. Methods in place, Chinese food is simple, and Western is more complicated. The Western world senior banquet table is the basic uniform swing.Soup should be to the inside scoop from the outer edge of the dishes, not to stay after drinking spoon in a bowl, should be placed on a plate. If the soup is used for deep dish, spoon should be placed on deep-dish, spoon handle toward the right. In tea or coffee, exhausted after the transfer should be placed on a plate spoon, directly pick up the coffee cup on the mouth, rather than transfer to scoop with a spoon.Stop cooking methodIn China the table, finished eating, chopsticks should be neatly put in a bowl on the right by the table, and so everyone should have put down the chopsticks, the only left their seats when the host signal, can not finish their meals, they dropped the chopsticks left the meeting.In the West on the table, the end of the arrangements and a meal in two ways: the end of the meal, you can fork up the following, a knife and fork in the blade side close together, placed in parallel on the plate, put the handle as far as possible into the plate, the touch and soavoid the drop, the waiter also easier to clean up.When attending wedding banquets, regardless of how the dishes put into the "dining in" position, as long as the end of the main guests dine, they should immediately put all the dishes put away. So dinner, remember that begin with the center of the main guests.At the banquet, each with a knife and fork to eat a dish, placed in front of the knife and fork, is accessible from the outside inward in turn, placed the order because the fork is the order of each dish served. Run out of knives and forks, serving also ended.Half-way conversation or rest is required, it should be eight-shaped flat knife and fork was mounted on both sides of the plate. On the contrary, the handle toward your knife and fork side by side on a plate, then the dish has been properly used; the waiter will put the plate removed.Appetizer or dessert, if it is directly eaten with a fork folded his food, definitely not necessary to deliberately use a knife. Never used the knife on the table so you can, the waiter will automatically be taken away.Part VI Topic selection and differences in privacyMany topics are Westerners and Chinese people can accept. Suchas personal hobbies, holidays, weather, local or national events, professional movies or books. But many Western think the following topics related to personal privacy, therefore, when dealing with them, talk about these topics must be cautious.1.Age. In Western society, people are reluctant to talk about their age, not willing to tell others about this inquiry, particularly women, whether young or old. Of course there are exceptions, some elderly people will be glad to tell other people their age, especially when they think they were also relatively very young. But not how to directly ask people age, are unwise, unless someone voluntarily talking about.2.Income. Chinese people ask each other how much money is a common occurrence. But the West that a person's income is entirely a private matter, even among family members, may not know each other monthly salary, so you should avoid asking such questions.3.The price. In the West people can talk about price, but usually will not ask each other how much was spent to sell things, to ask such questions have to use indirect expression, I really like it! Was it expensive Because such an indirect question is asked so that the other some room for maneuver, she not onlycan tell how much money you can generally say "oh, It 'not cheap." and so on.4.Westerners talk about family usually asks the question: Is your family a large one Are there in your family This question is more flexible, the other party can talk about their parents, brothers and sisters; if a married person can talk about their spouses and children.If you ask the question: Is your husband with you How many children have you got Had not been married or divorced person will feel very embarrassed to talk. If we then asked: What are you planning to start your family More appropriate.Because it may interfere with others suspected of private life, to know that the Anglo-American concept of privacy people have serious, they think everyone has to keep their secrets from infringement of rights, and the Anglo-American who also non-Cheng sensitive private matter, so with them exchanges, the best try to avoid the topic.End-notes:Difference is a very rich and extremely complex issue. To communicate between the two languages, communication, expression, in addition to proficiency in the language of the two countries, but also must have a strong cultural foundation of the two languages, a deep understanding of cultural differences. The only way to not only do the equivalent on the meaning of language, culture and sense of truly equivalent, it can be handy in daily communication with ease.References1. 邓昌言、刘润清，《语言与文化》外语教学与研究出版社，1989.2. 陈林华，“文化差异与教学”，《山东外语教学》，1991,3.3. 王得杏，《英语话语分析与跨文化交际》，北京语言文化大学出版社，1998.4. 王福祥、吴汉樱，《文化与语言》，外语教学与研究出版社，1994.。