主谓一致
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主谓一致的几个原则主谓一致是指在一个句子中,主语和谓语在人称、单复数等方面保持一致。
主谓一致是英语语法中的一个重要原则,不仅在正式写作中应遵循,也在口语交流中起到维持语言的准确性和易懂性的作用。
以下是几个关于主谓一致的原则:1.主语与谓语在人称上保持一致:主语和谓语在人称上应该保持一致,即第一人称(I/We)、第二人称(You)、第三人称(He/She/It/They)对应相应的谓语动词形式。
例如:- I am (第一人称单数)- We are (第一人称复数)- You are (第二人称单复数)- She is (第三人称单数)- They are (第三人称复数)2.单数主语使用单数谓语,复数主语使用复数谓语:主谓一致也适用于单数和复数形式的主语和谓语。
单数主语使用单数谓语,复数主语使用复数谓语。
例如:- The book is on the table. (单数主语与单数谓语)- The students are studying in the library. (复数主语与复数谓语)3.谓语根据主语的单复数形式变化:谓语动词的形式会根据主语的单复数形式而发生变化。
一般情况下,复数主语使用谓语动词的原形,而单数主语使用谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。
例如:- The dog barks. (单数主语使用第三人称单数动词形式)- The dogs bark. (复数主语使用动词原形)4.不定代词与谓语要保持一致:在使用不定代词作为主语时,谓语动词的形式要与不定代词的数保持一致。
例如:- Somebody has left their bag. (不定代词somebody与谓语动词has保持一致)5.基于语法结构的主谓一致:有些复杂的语法结构,在主谓一致上需要更多的注意。
例如:- 以either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式要与靠近的主语保持一致,例如:- Either John or his friends are going to the party. (谓语动词与靠近的主语friends保持一致)- Neither the teacher nor the students were present. (谓语动词与靠近的主语students保持一致)- 当主语由as well as、along with、together with等短语结构引出时,谓语动词的形式要与前面的主语保持一致- The book, as well as the pen, is on the table. (谓语动词与前面的主语book保持一致)- 当主语由there is/are开头时,谓语动词的形式要与后面的主语保持一致,例如:- There is a book on the table. (谓语动词与后面的主语book保持一致)- 当主语由a number of、a majority of、the majority of等短语开头时,谓语动词的形式要与后面的名词保持一致,例如:总之,主谓一致是英语语法中的重要原则,人们在使用英语时应该根据主语的单复数形式、人称以及语法结构等因素,正确选择与之相对应的谓语动词形式。
主一致1.主一致是指英中在人称、数及意方面要与作主的名或代一致。
2.主一致分法一致、意一致、就近一致。
(1)法一致原:主和在法形式上保持一致。
主数,用数;主复数,用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.(2)意一致原:主和在意上复数一致。
主数,用数;主复数,用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.(3)就近素来原:当主有两个或两个以上,由凑近它的主确定。
并列主的一致1.And(1)两个数名用and 接,表示不同样看法,用复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.(2)两个数名用 and 接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个看法,或表示不可以切割的整体,用数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.(3)被 every, each, many a, no 等限制的数名由 and 接,仍用数,其中,后一个限制可以省略。
every ⋯⋯ and ⋯⋯ every,each⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ each,no⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ no, many a⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ manya。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.(4)一个数名被几个用 and 接的并列形容修,可以指一件事或几件事,种名作主,要依照意一致的原决定复数。
(5)由 and 接的两个what 的从句作主,要依照意一致的原决定复数What he says and does do not agree.(言不衷心致)What he says and does does not concern me.2.由 either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor接的并列主,常和近的主一致。
高考英语主谓一致知识点总结高考英语主谓一致知识1(一) 语法一致原则即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
主谓一致的原则主谓一致是英语语法中的基本原则之一,指的是主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
主谓一致的正确运用能够使句子表达更加准确,符合语言规范。
本文将详细介绍主谓一致的原则,并通过一些例子来加深理解。
一、基本原则在英语句子中,主语和谓语之间必须保持一致,具体包括以下几个方面:1. 人称一致:主语是第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)或第三人称(he、she、it、they)时,谓语动词的形式必须与之一致。
例如:- I am a student.(我是一名学生。
)- He sings beautifully.(他唱得很美。
)2. 数一致:主语是单数形式时,谓语动词的形式也要用单数;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词的形式也要用复数。
例如:- The dog barks loudly.(这只狗叫得很大声。
)- The birds are chirping.(鸟儿正在鸣叫。
)3. 特殊情况:有些特殊情况下,主谓一致的原则会有一些变化。
例如:- 不定代词:somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody等当作主语时,谓语动词形式使用第三人称单数形式。
例如:Nobody wants to go with me.(没有人想和我一起去。
)- 连接词:and连接的主语,如果表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词的形式使用第三人称单数形式;如果表示不同的人或物时,谓语动词的形式使用第三人称复数形式。
例如:Tom and Jerry is a famous cartoon.(汤姆和杰瑞是一部著名的卡通片。
)The boys and girls are playing in the park.(男孩和女孩们正在公园里玩耍。
)二、例题分析为了更好地理解主谓一致原则,以下通过一些例题来进行详细分析。
例题1:The team _____ working on the project.(be)在这个例句中,主语是"the team",是单数形式,因此谓语动词的形式应该使用单数,填入be的单数形式"is",句子变为:"The team is working on the project."例题2:He and his friends _____ going to the concert.(be)在这个例句中,主语是"he and his friends",表示多个人,因此谓语动词的形式应该使用复数,填入be的复数形式"are",句子变为:"He and his friends are going to the concert."例题3:One of the students _____ the exam.(fail)在这个例句中,主语是"one of the students",表示多个学生中的一个,因此谓语动词的形式应该使用第三人称单数,填入fail的第三人称单数形式"fails",句子变为:"One of the students fails the exam."三、常见错误在使用主谓一致时,常见的错误包括以下几种:1. 混淆主谓的人称和数:主语与谓语之间的人称和数要保持一致,不可以混淆。
主谓一致一.概念:主谓一致是指:1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
例如:There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.二.相关知识点精讲1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
例如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
典型例题The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案B. 注:先从时态上考虑。
这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。
本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。
后面的职务用and 相连。
这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
主谓一致一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1.语法一致原则:主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
2.意义一致:主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。
3.就近一致:谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型1.单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。
2. many a+单数名词作主语,许多,谓语用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than a/one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4.表示时间,距离,金钱,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
主谓一致一、主谓一致概述1、主谓一致的定义:谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致,叫做主谓一致。
2、主谓一致的原则分类:①语法形式一致原则:在语法形式上取得一致。
如:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
②逻辑意义一致原则:谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。
③就近一致原则:谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定,又称为毗邻一致原则。
二、主谓一致考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一:语法形式一致的原则考点1:以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
典型例句Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years. 在过去的几年中,这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage. 开始吸烟很容易,但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving your English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What you need most is to have a good sleep. 你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
考点2:由and或both...and来连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。
典型例句Swimming and walking are good exercises. 游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college. 他和我在上大学时是同学。
Both John and Ann have got pen-friends. 约翰和安都有笔友。
第一讲主谓一致“一致”(Concord 或Agreement)是指句子成分之间词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主要有主语与动词的一致,主语与补语的一致,限定词与名词中心词的一致,人称代词与并列和非并列先行词的一致,名词与名词或代词的一致。
“主谓一致”是指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系,这又叫做“主——动一致”(Subject ——verb Concord)。
1. 主谓一致三原则主语和随后的动词(词组),即谓语动词之间的一致关系常为三种不同的原则所支配,即语法一致原则(Grammar Concord),意义一致原则(Notional Concord)和就近原则(Principle of Proximity)。
1.1 语法一致指作主语的名词中心词是复数,动词就用复数形式;如果名词中心词是单数名词或不可数名词,动词就用单数形式。
例如:Both boys have their own merits.In my heart are peace and goodwill.The elevator works very well.Much effort is wasted.1.2 意义∕概念一直指主语和动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式,而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。
有时主语在语法形式上并非复数,但有复数意义,随后的动词就用复数;主语在语法形式上是复数,而在意义上可视为单数,随后的动词用单数。
例如:The jury has asked more time.The jury are unable to agree.Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test.“ Senior citizens” means people over sixty.1.3 就近原则指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单、复数形式,而不是与充当主语的名词短语中心词相一致。
主谓一致1、基本原则2、谓语动词只能用单数的8种情况3、谓语动词只能用复数的情况4、都有可能的情况基本原则1、语法一致指主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语为复数,则谓语动词也用单数,这是主谓一致的三原则中最基本的原则。
She is a girl.They are all girls.2、意义一致指主语形式是单数,但表达复数意义,那么谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上视复数形式但表达单数意义,则谓语动词也采用单数形式。
My family were watching TV at 7 o’clock.My family has moved three times.The family was/were? having dinner when I called.3、就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定There is a book, two pens and three pencils on the desk.There are two pens, a book and three pencils on the desk.Either my sister or my mother is coming.只能用单数的几种情况1、非谓语动词或从句作主语不定式(to do 或疑问词+ to do)、动名词(doing)或主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数。
When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.2、复合不定代词作主语以some-,any-,every-,no-开头,以-thing,-body,-one结尾的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数Everything is going well.3. 以-s结尾的学科名、书名、国名作主语表示学科(如physics,politics,maths)、书名(如The Arabian Nights )、国名(如the United States, Wales,the United Nations)等以-s结尾的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
The United States has many different kinds of climate.4、“more than one/many a+单数名词”作主语“more than one/many a+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
More than one student has seen the film.Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.5. 指同一人或事物的并列结构作主语指同一人或事物的A and B结构(如knife and fork 刀叉,bread and butter 黄油面包,a teacher and writer老师兼作家,fish and chips 鱼和炸土豆片)作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
A worker and writer was present at the meeting.Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain.6.“one/each of +复数名词”作主语“one/each of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, hopes to go to university.7.前后名词有every等修饰的并列结构作主语“every(no,each,many a)+单数名词+and +every(no,each,many a)+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数Every desk and every chair in the classroom is new.谓语动词只能用复数的几种情况1. 表示某国人的“the+国籍形容词”作主语表示某国人的总称的“the+表示某国的形容词”(如the Chinese/Japanese/British/English…)作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数The Chinese have been making paper for 2000 years.(中国人)2. 表示某一类人的“the+形容词”作主语表示某一类人的“the+形容词”(如:therich/poor/old/young/living/dead/weak/strong/blind/deaf/killed/injured/unemployed)作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数The rich live while the poor die.3.表示不同人或事物的并列结构作主语表示不同人或事物的(both)A and B作主语时,谓语动词用复数Both New Year and London have traffic problems.4. “both/few…+复数名词”作主语“both/few…+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数Few words are best.5. cattle/people/the police等作主语cattle/people/the police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数Cattle eat grass.The police haven’t g ot a single lead yet.6. 某些本身以-s结尾的名词作主语Clothes/goods/things/feelings/surroundings/belongs/earnings/the Ural Mountains(乌拉尔山脉)/manners/congratulations等作主语时,谓语动词用复数Things were in terrible order.都有可能的情况1.“主语+介词短语等”作主语在“A+(with,together with,along with,as well as,but,except,besides,like,including,rather than,more than,no less than)+B”结构中,谓语动词的单复数与A保持一致。
The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, was visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.2.neither…nor…等对称结构作主语neither…nor…, (either)…or…, not only…but also…, not…but…等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则:谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。
Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.3、“a/the number of +复数名词”作主语表示“······的数量”的“the number of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;表示“一些/许多······”的“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.4、one or two…与one/a…or two作主语“One or two +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数;“a/one+单数名词+or two”作主语,谓语动词用单数Only one or two students were late today.One student or two was late today.5、neither/either/any/none of…作主语“neither/either/any/none +of +复数名词或代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数(正式)或复数(非正式)均可,None of the guests want(s) to stay.Neither of us is/are happy about the situation.6. Some/half/most/all及分数等+of…作主语“all of/the rest of/half of/most of/part of/plenty of/some of/a lot of/lots of +名词”,以及“分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数由of后的名词的数决定。
Two fifths of the land in that district is with trees and grass.7. 没接of短语的half,all,the rest等作主语half,all,the rest等作主语,根据意义一致的原则确定谓语动词的形式:所指为单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式;所指为复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式。
I need only a glass of beer; the rest is yours.Three of us will go; the rest are staying at home.8.class,group, family等集合名词作主语Class,team, group, family, couple, club, enemy, army, government, company, crowd, college, university, department等集合名词作主语时,采用意义一致原则:视作整体时是单数,若指构成各个集体的各个成员时是复数。
His family is a big one.Your family are quite well, I hope.9.trousers,shoes等由两部分组成的复数名词作主语trousers, glasses, gloves等作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但若a pair of trousers之类的结构作主语时,谓语动词的数由pair的数来决定。